人教版小升初英语语法专题---代词

这是一份人教版小升初英语语法专题---代词，共12页。试卷主要包含了人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

代词的分类及用法
教学重点
代词的类别以及用法
教学难点
代词的运用
代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词等等。
一、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称, 分为主格和宾格两种形式。
主格用来作句子的主语、表语。
I ften g shpping n Sundays. (星期天我常去购物)
Are they frm Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？)
That’s it. (就那么回事)
宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。
Wh teaches yu English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？)
Help me!(救救我！)
人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时, 可以用主格形式, 也可以用宾格形式, 口语中大多用宾格。
--Wh is it?(是谁？)
–It’s I/me. (是我。)
三个不同人称同时出现, 或者主语中包含“我”时, 按照“yu→he→I”的顺序表达。
Bth he and I are wrking at that cmputer cmpany. (我和他都在那家电脑公司上班)
–Wh will g there?(谁要去那儿？)
–Yu and me. (你和我)
人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外, 还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义, 此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用, 替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：
--What’s the weather like tday?(今天天气怎样？)—It’s fine. (天气晴好)
--What’s the time?(几点啦？) –It’s 12：00. (12点)
It tk him three days t clean his huse. (打扫屋子花了他三天的时间)
We fund it very difficult t learn a freign language well. (我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)
【典例精析】
_____ feels happy every day.
A. He B. him C. his
【答案】A
【解析】此题选择人称代词he, 此处缺的是主语，所以选择he。
【典例精析】
We ften write letters t_____.
A. she B .her
【答案】B
【解析】此处应该选择宾格，所以选择her.
随堂小练习1
用人称代词填空
1. __________ is my aunt. We ften visit __________. ( she )
3. These new huses are s nice. __________ are very expensive. ( them )
4. Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary schl. ( she )
二、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词, 分为形容词性和名词性两种。
1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语，不能单独使用, 后面要跟名词。
Is that yur umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？)
I ften g t see my aunt n Sundays. (我经常在星期天去看望阿姨)
They are their bks. (是他们的书)
2、名词性物主代词相当于名词, 既代替事物又表明所属关系, 在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语, 后面不可以跟名词。相当于形容词性物主代词加名词。
This is yur cup, but where is mine?(这是你的杯子, 可我的在哪儿？)
Yur classrm is very big, but urs is rather small. (你们的教室很大, 我们的相当小)
3、“f + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格, 作定语时放在名词的后面。如：
A friend f mine came t see me yesterday. (我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)
[试比较] My friend came t see me yesterday. (我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指
我的那个特定的朋友来看我。
【典例精析】
This isn’t _____pencil case. I left_____ at hme.
A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself
【答案】A
【解析】根据句意可知这不是我的笔，我落下了我的在家，所以第一空选择形容词性物主代词my，后一空选择名词性物主代词mine。
随堂小练习2
用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空
1. Gerge has lst ____ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him ____ . ( she )
2. The teacher wants yu t return that bk f ____ ( he )
3. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend f ____ are cming t see us. ( they )
4. We are ging t Paris t stay with a French friend f ____ .(we )
三、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。
1. 反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)，指的是宾语和主语为同一个事物或同一些人或事物。
2. Dn’t play with the knife, yu might hurt yurself. (不要玩刀子, 那会割伤你的)
3. 在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：
The stry itself is gd. Only he didn’t tell it well. (故事本身是好的, 只是他没有讲好)
【典例精析】
Maria bught ____ a scarf.
A. she B .her C. hers D. herself
【答案】D
【解析】此题反身代词做宾语，指的是宾语和主语为同一个事物或同一些人或事物。
随堂小练习3
1. Thse girls enjyed ____ in the party last night.
A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself
2. Help ____ t sme fish, children.
A. yurself B. yur C. yurs D. yurselves
3. The film ____ is very fun.
A. it’s B. itself C. it D. its
4. –Wh teaches ____ math? –I teach ______.
A. yur, myself B. yu, myself C. yu, me D. yu, herself
四、指示代词：指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。
指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语, 也可以作定语修饰名词。如：
1. What’s this?(这是什么？)
2. That mdel plane is made f plastic. (那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句)
3. D the same as the teacher tells yu. (按老师说的做)
4. ---Wh is it?(是谁？) ---It’s me!(是我！)
【典例精析】
What is ____in English?
It’s a pen.
A. this B. these C. thse D. same
【答案】A
【解析】根据问句is和答句it’s 可知为所填的选项为单数，所以应该选择A，句意为用英语说这是什么，这是一支笔。
随堂小练习4
( )1. ______ pen is red. ______ pencil is green.
A. this, that B. These, Thse C. That, Thse D. This, That
( )2. Is _____ a panda ver there?
A. this B. that C. thse D. these
( )3. _______ tw girls are Mary and Linda.
A. This B. They C.That D.Thse
( )4. _______is Mr. White and _____ is my father.
A. This, thse B. That, these C.These, these D.This, this
五、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。
不定代词主要有sme, any, many, much, each, ther, anther, all, bth, ne, (a) few, (a) little
all：指三者或三者以上的所有，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，后可接f介词短语。
bth：指“两者都”，可以作形容词修饰名词复数；后可接f介词短语。
each：“每一个”，一般指两者中的每一个，也可指许多中的每一个；可以作形容词修饰名词单数；后可接f介词短语。
(1)sme和 any 的用法：
sme一般用于肯定句中, 意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词
I have sme wrk t d tday. (今天我有些事情要做)
They will g there smeday. (他们有朝一日会去那儿)
sme 用于疑问句时, 表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。
Wuld yu like sme cffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中, 意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”, 作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。
They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)
Have yu gt any questins t ask?(你有问题要问吗？)
any 用于肯定句时, 意思是“任何的”。Cme here with any friend. (随便带什么朋友来吧。)
(2)all和bth的用法：
all指三者或三者以上的人或物, 用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。
bth指两个人或物, 用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和bth在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
I knw all f the fur British students in their schl. (他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) -- (你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)
all和bth既可以修饰名词(all/bth+(the)+名词), 也可以独立使用, 采用“all/bth + f the +名词(复数)”的形式, 其中的f 可以省略。
All (f) (the) bys are naughty. (是男孩都调皮)
(3)every和each用法：
every是形容词, 只能作定语修饰单数名词, 意思是“每一个”, 表示整体概念；
each是形容词、代词, 可用作主语、宾语、定语等, 意思是“每个”或者“各个”, 表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前, 可以后跟f短语, 与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前
every和each都用作单数理解, 但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。
Every ne f the students in his class studies very hard. (他班上每个学生学习都很用功)
(4)many和much的用法：
many意思是“很多”, 与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”, 与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。
I dn’t have many friends here. (在这里我没有很多的朋友。)
Many died in the bus accident. (许多人在公交车祸中丧失)
We can learn much with the help f him. (在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多)
many和much一般用于否定句, 肯定句中通常用a lt f 或者lts f; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上s、very或t. 如：
There are a lt f peple n the playgrund. (操场上有许多的人)
There are t many peple in the rm. (房间里人太多了。)
(5)few、little、a few、a little的用法：
few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”, 有否定的意思, a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”, 有肯定的意思；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：
Dn’t wrry. There is still a little time left. (别着急, 还有一点儿时间呢。)
In that plar regin there live few peple. (在那个极地地区几乎不住人)
Yu can get a few sweets frm him. (你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)
【典例精析】
The English nvel is quite easy fr yu. There are ____ new wrds in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
【答案】D
【解析】little, a little修饰或代替不可数名词；few, a few修饰或代替可数名词复数。few, little 一般表示否定意义；a few, a little表示肯定意义。应选D。
【典例精析】
When shall we meet again?
Make it ____ day yu like. It’s all the same t me.
A. ne B. any C. anther D. all
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意。Any 表示任何一个，根据句意可知任何一天都是可以见面的，所以选择B。
随堂小练习5
1. There isn’t_____ juice in my class. Can I have _____, please?
sme;any B. any; many C. any; sme
2. D yu have ______brthers ______sisters?
any; r B. sme; and C. sme; r
3. He is very pr and he has ______mney.
A．little B. a little C. few
翻译句子
大家都到了，让我们开始吧。 _________________________________________.
你要这个还是那个？两个都要。_________________________________________.
他们很忙, 人人都有事情要做。 _________________________________________.
许多的人认为时间就是金钱。 _________________________________________.
六、疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。
1、wh、whm、whse、what、which主要用于特殊疑问句中, 一般放在句首。口语中也常用wh代替whm作宾语, 但在介词后则只能用whm。
Wh(m) did yu invite t yur birthday party?(你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的？)
What des she want t be when she grws up?(她长大了想干什么？)
wh 和whm只能独立使用, 其中wh可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语, whm只能作谓语动词的宾语；而what、which、whse等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语, 也可以与名词构成疑问短语。
Wh is that man?(那男的是谁？)
What clr are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色？)
Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的？)(被动句)
注意这个提问：The man in the car is my father. (车里的男人是我父亲)
→Which man is yur father?(哪个男人是你的父亲？)
which除了可以询问指代的情况之外, 还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。
--Which peple live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄惨？)
--Which htel have yu bked fr yur hliday?(为了度假你预订了哪家旅馆？)
疑问代词不分单复数, 视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数, 但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词, 则以名词的单复数为准。
Wh is (are) in that playhuse?(谁在游戏房里？)
What is that? (那是什么？)/ What are thse? (那些是什么？)
【典例精析】
______ clrs d they have?(它们有哪些颜色？)
A. what B. wh C. which
【答案】A。
【解析】根据句意应该是他们有什么颜色，所以选择A。
随堂小练习6
---_______ is standing there?
---Mr. Zhang.
A. What B. Whm C. Wh
_______wuld yu like t g shpping(购物) with?
A. Which B. Whm C. What D. Where
---_______is yur e-mail address?
--It’s xinxin@163. cm.
A. Wh B. Hw C. What D. Which
A:--- _______des yur brther d? B: ---He is a bus driver.
A. Where B. Why C. What D. Hw
–A：---_______ can I d fr yu? B:---I wuld like a cup f tea.
A. What B. Hw C. Which D.Wh
随堂小练习参考答案
1. She her they She 2. his hers his theirs urs
3. C D B B 4. D B D D
5. C A A
Everyne is here. Let’ begin.
Wuld yu like this ne r that ne? –Bth. .
They are very busy. Each f them has smething t d.
A lt f peple think that time is mney.
6. C B C C A
专题过关
一、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空
1. ________(我) am a teacher.
2. My father is talking with _______(她).
3. _______(他) ften plays basketball after schl.
4. _____(我们) buy a pair f shes fr (他)
5. Please pass_____(我们) the ball.
二、用括号中的适当形式填空
1. Are these ________（yu）pencils? Yes, they are ________（ur）.
2. —Whse is this pencil? —It’s ________（I）.
3. I lve ________（they）very much.
4. She is________（I）classmate.
5. Miss Li ften lks after________（she）brther.
6. —Are these ________（they）bags ？ —N, the bags aren’t ________（their）.
7. The bags are ________（we）.
三、用适当的代词填空。
1. ---Is that car yurs? ---Yes, __________is.
2. ---Hw is Mr. Li? ---__________is fine, thanks.
3. ---Put n___________ hat, Jim! ---OK, mum. I am ging t put _________ n.
4. ---Wh is _________ ver here? ---It’s ur new teacher.
5. ---Are these yur phts? ---N, _________ aren’t. _________are Mike’s.
6. ---Lk here! What’s ___________in English? ---__________ is an eraser.
7. Lk, is _________ rm beautiful? I painted __________ myself.
8. ---Is this yur backpack? ---N, _________ isn’t. __________ is hers.
9. ---What are _____________ jbs? ---They are dctrs.
10. ---Are ___________ children ver there yur cusins? ---Yes, _________ are.
四、阅读理解
Lance Armstrng，a wrld-famus cyclist，was already a prfessinal athlete at the age f 16，taking part in curses f lng distance swims，bike rides and runs.
In his high schl years，Lance decided t train cycling. Within a few years he was a member f the 1992 U. S. Olympic Team. Over the next years，he went n t win many cycling races wrldwide.
In Octber 1996，shrtly after cmpeting(参加比赛) in his secnd Olympic Games, Lance was faced with the wrst news. Medical tests shwed that he had a cancer. Dctrs tld him that he nly had a 40% chance t live. With tw peratins，Lance was nt sure that he wuld ever ride a bicycle again. Luckily，the peratins and treatments were greatly successful. In February 1997，the dctrs annunced(宣布) that Lance was a healthy man again.
Just five mnths after the treatments，Armstrng was back ding what he lved—cycling. He began a strict training timetable with hpes f a cmeback. His gal was t cmpete in the 1999 Tur de France，which is thught t be the wrld’s hardest bicycle race—a 23­day cycling cmpetitin thrugh the muntains and fields f France.
Lance went n t win the Tur de France fr five years. This is thught t be the greatest achievements in sprts histry. His success is nt just abut cycling races，but winning at life itself.
( )1. Lance is a ________ accrding t the passage.
A．teacher B．dctr C．cach D．sprtsman
( )2. The right rder f the fllwing is ________．
①Lance became healthy again after treatments.
②Lance cmpeted in his secnd Olympic Games.
③Lance began a strict training timetable fr Tur de France.
④Lance became a member f the 1992 U. S. Olympic Team.
A．④①②③ B．②③①④
C．④②①③ D．②①③④
( )3. Frm the passage，we knw that Lance is a(n) ________ man.
A．helpful B．strng C．hnest D．friendly
( )4. What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Never give up.
B．Seeing is believing.
C．Lve me，lve my dg.
D．Practice makes perfect.
五、词汇运用
A. 根据内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式（每空一词）。
Treasure Island is a famus stry. The1(英雄), Jim Hawkins, finds Captain Flint’s map. Captain Flint was a pirate and had lts f gld. He2(隐藏)his gld befre he died, and there is a crss n the map t shw where the gld is. It is n an island in the Caribbean Sea. Jim and his friends buy a ship, get sme men and g t the island t lk fr the gld.
They set3(航行)but then they discver that Lng Jhn Silver, the ck, and the ther men n the ship are all pirates. The pirates are4(计划)t kill them. As sn as they get t the island, Jim and his friends fight the pirates. The pirates d nt kill them, but take the map.
The pirates g t lk fr the gld, and Jim fllws them. They find the place but the gld is nt there. 5(后来)，Jim knws it is because f Ben Gunn. Jim meets Ben Gunn n the island and he tells Jim and his friends his stry. He tells them he was a pirate, a friend f Captain Flint. He has nw decided nt t be a pirate. Ben Gunn fund the gld sme time befre. He agrees t6(分享)with Jim and his friends because they will take him back t England.
When Jim and his friends leave the island, Ben ges with them. All f the pirates have t stay n the island 7(除…之外)Lng Jhn Silver. 8(虽然)he is als a pirate, he helps Jim and his friends. On their way hme, they stp in America fr a9(整个)night. Silver has 10(不见了), and he has taken sme f the gld. When they get back t England, Jim decides never t g lking fr gld again.
六、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Recently, a reader asked me abut the dangers that pets can face arund the huse. S, I visited my lcal animal 1 last weekend and gt sme advice t share abut hw we can make ur hmes 2 fr ur pets.
When I arrived, several pets and their 3 were in the waiting rm. Mr. Smith, with a cat, chatted with me. “My cat will be 4 fr an uncmfrtable stmach in a minute, ” he said. “My children gave 5 a bwl f milk. Hwever, if she is given milk, she will get a stmachache. ”
Just then, the vet (兽医) walked ver t us. “Yes, Mr. Smith is 6. Only a few peple knw this. In fact, milk mustn’t be fed t cats 7 sme cats can’t take it in easily, ” the vet said. “Other human fds are bad fr pets 8. Fr example, if a dg eats chclate, it will becme 9. ”
I asked the vet what ther 10 there are fr pets arund the huse. “Well, ” she replied, “we shuld nt 11 small things, such as batteries（电池）, lying arund as they can be eaten by pets. Last mnth, a small cat was brught 12 because it had eaten a buttn（纽扣）which was n the flr withut being nticed!”
Befre I left, the vet 13 me sme mre imprtant advice t share with yu:
Yu shuld keep all medicine and cleaning prduct away frm pets. Als, pets, such as cats and dgs, smetimes will 14 their hair if they are unwell. If yur pet lks unwell r is acting unusual, yu shuld 15 yur vet at nce. Fllw the advice and yu can keep yur pets safe.
1. A. schlB. hspitalC. marketD. museum
2. A. warmB. safeC. cleanD. beautiful
3. A. wnersB. visitrsC. teachersD. actrs
4. A. paidB. chsenC. treated D. returned
5. A. itB. meC. him D. her
6. A. friendlyB. healthy C. gd D. right
7. A. untilB. thughC. whileD. because
8. A. as wellB. s far C. as usualD. just nw
9. A. brwnB. sickC. smartD. cmfrtable
10. A. secrets B. changesC. dangers D. mistakes
11. A. buyB. useC. leaveD. cllect
12. A. inB. ffC. nD. dwn
13. A. fferedB. pstedC. wastedD. accepted
14. A. clrB. keepC. lseD. sell
15. A. pint tB. ring upC. hear frmD. lk after
单元过关答案
一、
I 2. her 3. He 4. we; him 5. us
二、
1. yur;urs 2. mine 3. them 4. my 5. her 6. their 7. theirs ;urs
三、
1. it 2. He 3.yur ; it 4. that 5. they;they 6. this; it’s 7. this; it 8. it ;It 9. their 10. thse;they
四、
1. D 根据文章第一行“cyclist”可知
2. C 通过仔细阅读可知正确的动作发生时间
3. B 理解全文可知他是一个“强壮的”人
4. A 理解全文可知是“绝不放弃”之意
五、
1. her
2. hid 由died可知应用过去式
3. sail
4. planning 由are可知此处表示现在进行时
5. Later
6. share 由t可知此处用动词原形
7. except
8. Althugh
9. whle
10. disappeared/gne 由has可知此处用完成时
六、
1-5 BBACD 6-10 DDABC 11-15 CAACB
人称
我
你
他
她
它
我们
你们
他（它）们
主格
I
yu
he
she
it
we
yu
they
宾格
me
yu
him
her
it
us
yu
them
人称
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性
my
yur
his
her
its
ur
yur
their
名词性
mine
yurs
his
hers
its
urs
yurs
theirs
人称和数
单数
复数
第一人称
myself 我自己
urselves 我们自己
第二人称
yurself 你自己
yurselves 你们自己
第三人称
himself 他自己
herself 她自己
itself 它自己
themselves
(它们自己，他们自己，她们自己)
单数
复数
含义
this(这个)
these(这些)
指较近的人和物
that(那个)
thse(那些)
指较远的人和物
same (同样的人/物)
指和上文提过的相同的人和物
it (这人/这物)
指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时
可数
ne, each, many, bth, anther, (a) few
不可数
much, (a) little
可数/不可数
ne, any, ther, all, sme