练习 专辑2 阅读理解之间接信息题 （教师版+学生版）

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1. 2021-2023年三年高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中的细节理解的考查共计48次，主要考查：
1．根据阅读文章理解文中的直接信息；
2．根据阅读文章理解文中的间接信息（主要识别同义句表达）；
3. 根据文章内容进行简单的计算；
4. 根据文章信息进行过程或时间顺序的排列；
5. 根据文章信息查找本文内容相同的部分；
【备考策略】系统归类细节理解的方法，尤其是同义句表达的技巧；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
2024年阅读理解对细节理解的考查仍然是重点，主要集中考查直接信息、间接信息（同义句表达）和数字计算。
【2024年高考命题预测】
细节理解之间接信息考点是高考中的必考点。直接信息考点主要在广告信息类文章中考，锁定题干直接找到答案，选项和文章内容一致。预测在2024高考中，间接信息题会在广告信息文章中和记叙文、说明文中的部分试题中呈现。
【细节理解之间接信息考点指南】
命题意图：我们在看文章、读报纸时，我们最重要的目的就是获取直接信息，也就是说，看了文章之后我们知道了什么，我们找到了我们需要的信息。通过阅读广告信息我们能做我们要做的事，这就是学以致用，在用中学的重要思想。因此，细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。近年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。
间接信息题的核心是识别同义句表达。最常用的方法是：1.采用同义词改写选项或题干；2.用反义词改写选项或题干，采用正话反说的方式；3.采用相关句式改写。

1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
A
Bike rental & guided turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
( )21.What is an advantage f MacBike?
A.It gives children a discunt.
B.It ffers many types f bikes.
C.It rganizes free cycle turs.
D.It has ver 2,500 rental shps.
【题干定位】关键词 advantage
【文章定位】We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
【选项关键词】 many types f
【同义句表达手段】many types f =a wide variety
【答案定位】 advantage It ffers many types f bikes
【正确选项】B
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable,befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
( )28.What is the bk aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Slving philsphical prblems.
D.Prmting the use f a digital device.
【题干定位】关键词 be aimed at
【文章定位】The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
【文章中的关键词】 The gal f this bk
【同义句表达手段】be aimed at =The gal f this bk
【内容定位】 t make the case fr digital minimalism
【选项关键词】Advcating v. 提倡( advcate的现在分词 )；为…辩护
【同义句表达手段】Advcating v. 提倡( advcate的现在分词 )；为…辩护=make the case fr为…辩护；提出理由
【正确选项】B
3.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
5. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
【题干定位】关键词a cnsequence f fd waste
【文章定位】（第三段）Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem.
【相同关键词】 fd waste
【答案定位】fd waste is an envirnmental prblem
【正确选项】B. Envirnmental harm
6. What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
【题干定位】关键词Curtin’s cmpany d
【文章定位】（第四段）Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals.
【相同关键词】d---recver，turn Curtin---Curtin
【答案定位】D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
7. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed.B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week.D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
【题干定位】Curtin suggest peple d
【文章定位】（第五段）Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
【相同关键词】suggest--says Buy nly what is needed-----nt purchasing mre fd than necessary（同义句）
【答案定位】A. Buy nly what is needed.
【答案】 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
5. B细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther, resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。
6. D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn. D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce, that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。
7. A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。
4.D【保定一模】
Extremely energetic light frm space is an unexplained wnder. Scientists dn't knw where that light cmes frm, exactly. And nw astrnmers have sptted this light, called gamma（伽马）rays，at higher energies than ever befre.
Yu can't see gamma rays with yur eyes. They are much mre energetic than the light that we can see. S yu need a fancy detectr t spt them. The Large High Altitude Air Shwer Observatry, LHAASO, is an experiment in China. It searches fr extremely high energy gamma rays.
Scientists have sptted 12 gamma-ray ht spts. These are parts f the sky frm which the gamma rays are sent ut. Thse ht spts shw that ur galaxy, the Milky Way, has pwerful particle acceleratrs（加速器），But thse particle acceleratrs aren’t made by humans. Instead. they cme frm vilent events in the universe. They might be explding stars, fr example. Such vilent events make electric and magnetic fields，which can speed up prtns（质子）and electrns. Thse fast particles can then prduce gamma rays with a lt f energy. That can happen when prtns interact with ther matter in space, fr example.
Scientists aren't sure what culd prduce gamma rays with the extreme energies bserved. But the new bservatins pint t tw pssibilities. One ht spt was assciated with the Crab Nebula, That’s the remains f an explded star. Anther pssible surce was the Cygnus Ccn, That’s a regin where massive stars are frming. The stars send ut intense winds in the prcess.
LHAASO is lcated n Haizi Muntain in China's Sichuan prvince. It is nt yet fully peratinal. It’s due t be cmpleted later this year. Then, it culd find even mre gamma rays.
32.What can we learn abut gamma rays?
A. They are invisible.B. They are ften ignred.
C. They cntain little energy.D. They are used t explre universe.
【文章内容定位】Yu can't see gamma rays with yur eyes.（你看不到伽马射线。）→关键词→can't see
【选项A】A. They are invisible.（他们是看不见的）→关键词→invisible（看不见）
【逻辑思维对接】关键词→can't see
They are invisible.（他们是看不见的）
利用反义手段，进行同意句表达
→反义表达改写选项→
关键词→invisible（看不见）
34.Which wrd can describe the astrnmical bservatin mentined in this text?
A. Disappinting.B. Exciting.
C. Accurate.D. Uncnfirmed.
【文章内容定位】Scientists aren't sure what culd prduce gamma rays with the extreme energies bserved.（你看不到伽马射线。）→关键词→aren't sure
【选项D】D. Uncnfirmed（不确定的）→关键词→Uncnfirmed（不确定的）
【逻辑思维对接】关键词→aren't sure
Uncnfirmed（不确定的）
利用同义手段，进行同意句表达
→同义表达改写选项→
关键词→Uncnfirmed（不确定的）
【学以致用】
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
5．Why did the kid pke the strybk?
A．He tk it fr a tablet cmputer.B．He disliked the clrful pictures.
C．He was angry with his grandpa.D．He wanted t read it by himself.
6．What des the authr think f himself?
A．Scially ambitius.B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent.D．Digitally cmpetent.
7．What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A．He lacks experience in his jb.B．He seldm appears n televisin.
C．He manages a vide department.D．He ften interviews internet stars.
【答案】5．A6．D7．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
5．细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.(事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi.(然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
规律方法：如何解决间接细节题？
做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题识别题干中的关键词，找出文章中相应内容的同义词，有时从选项中找关键词，然后定位文章中的同义词。
细节题的设题方式：
(1) 简单细节题标志：5个W，1个H。
Accrding t the passage, when / where / what / wh / why / hw (many)….
例如：
When / Where did the stry happen?
What did the authr think abut after getting up?
Wh is Lucy accrding t the passage?
Why did the authr bring back hme an ld milk bx?
Hw lng des it take the battery t charge up an iPhne?
(2) 文段篇章细节题
Which f the fllwing is (nt) true / false accrding t the passage?
Frm the passage, we can learn that ______.
Accrding t passage, we knw that ______.
(3) 排序题
Chse the right time rder f the fllwing events in ...
1. 判断关键词
(1) 识记关键词类别,主要分为以下类别：
a. 大写字母开头的词（人名、地名、专有名词等），数字（时间、英文时间），形容词副词（比较级、最高级），动词，名词。
b. 若题干中没有细节信息，如 “What can yu learn frm the passage?"无法找到定位词，就从选项中寻找定位词，方法一致。
(2) 划出关键词。如：
1.Why did Dr. Minr refuse t visit Oxfrd?
大写字母开头的词（人名、地名）
2.The TV ads f Sparrw ______.
大写字母开头的词（专有名词、人名）
3.Frm Paragraph 2 we can learn that ______.
数字
4.Why is June 6, 1990 a special day fr Mmmy?
数字（时间），大写字母开头的词
5.The writer mentins the tw nineteenth-century cttages t shw that ______.
数字（英文时间）
6.We can learn frm the last paragraph that ______.
形容词
7.We learn frm the text that in 2008 ______.
数字（时间）
8.At the age f thirteen, the authr regarded keeping a diary as a way f ______.
数字（英文时间）
9.What was a new use fr wind pwer in the late 19th century?
形容词，数字（时间）
10.While the Bwler family was living in the 1900 huse, ______.
大写字母开头的词（人名），数字（时间）
2. 关键词回文定位
即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解答。
2022年全国高考英语试题乙卷之A篇
Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibitin
This exhibitin f sme sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and wrk f Sctland’s best lved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, cmes t Lndn. Selected frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years.
Lecture Series
Scttish Natinal Prtrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series f lectures fr the general public. They are held in the Lecture Rm. Admissin t lectures is free.
Exhibitin Times
Mnday— Saturday 10.00 — 17.45 Sunday 12.00 — 17.45
Last admissin t the exhibitin: 17.15. There is n re-admissin.
Clsed: 24 — 26 December and 1 January.
Admissin
£4. Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schls and Clleges
A special lw entrance charge f £2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
23. Hw can full-time students get grup discunts?
A. They shuld g n Sunday mrnings.B. They shuld cme frm art schls.
C. They must be led by teachers.D. They must have ID cards with them.
【题干定位】关键词 discunts
【文章定位】A special lw entrance charge f £2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.(所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费。)
【文章中的关键词】 A special lw entrance charge f rganised grups with teachers
【同义句表达手段】discunts =A special lw entrance charge f
【选项关键词】led by teachers
【同义句表达手段】led by teachers=rganised grups with teachers
【正确选项】C
【细节理解类型】间接信息题
2021年新高考II卷之C篇
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness, that has been ur strength fr centuries."
8. What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A. Make a mvie.B. Build new schls.
C. Run a prject.D. Help lcal musicians.
10. What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A. Mral principles.B. Interpersnal skills.
C. Creative abilities.D. Psitive wrldviews.
【答案】8. C 10. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
8.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafiraku打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
10.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023届河北省高三适应性考试】
Kelsie Dlin’s grandmther always encuraged her t try new things, ften pushing her ut f her cmfrt zne. One way that her grandmther tried t push her ut f her cmfrt zne was by encuraging her t sing mre, especially in public. Kelsie gave it a sht, but it didn’t turn ut like she’d hped.
Kelsie culdn’t help but ntice the unusual number f American Idl advertisements she’d cme acrss that were made t get peple t auditin (试镜). Finally, it reached a pint where she tk it as a sign fr her t take anther chance n singing.
This was a big change fr the shy, dwn-t-earth yung wman wh was nly 18 at the time. As smene wh grew up in Bne Cunty, West Virginia and had never been n a plane befre, just getting t the auditin wuld mean experiencing a lt f firsts. But nce her plane ride was ver, it was time fr her t step ut f her cmfrt zne in a majr way: Nt nly was she abut t perfrm fr the first time ever, but she was abut t d s in frnt f judges Katy Perry, Luke Bryan, and Linel Richie.
Kelsie chse t sing “Piece by Piece” by Kelly Clarksn, a fitting sng since it cmes frm the first-ever winner f American Idl. The judges were impressed by her vcals (唱功), but they culd tell that Kelsie’s nerves were hlding her back. After much encuragement, they asked if she culd sing the secnd sng she had prepared: “When We Were Yung” by Adele. At first, Kelsie’s cnfidence remained abut the same. But as Perry shuted ut instructins t cheer her up and bring her ut f her shell, smething magical happened.
As she reached the chrus (副歌), Kelsie fund the strength t sing, bringing tears t Richie’s eyes. All three judges were s prud f Kelsie fr her great first perfrmance. They culdn’t help but say the magic wrds “Yu are ging t Hllywd!”
4．What did Kelsie’s grandmther ask her t d?
A．Sing at hme.B．Try smething new.
C．Watch advertisements.D．Stay in her cmfrt zne.
5．Why was it a big change fr Kelsie t g t the auditin?
A．She became very shy.B．She tk a plane fr the first time.
C．She first shwed in an advertisement.D．She wuld experience many new things.
6．What was the judges’ purpse f asking Kelsie t sing the secnd sng?
A．T attract mre audience.B．T help her vercme nerves.
C．T make her understand instructins.D．T encurage her t remain the cnfidence.
7．What can we knw frm the judges’ wrds in the last paragraph?
A．Kelsie was mved.B．Kelsie’s effrt paid ff.
C．The judges were tugh.D．The judges perfrmed well.
【答案】4．B 5．D 6．B 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Kelsie Dlin的祖母常常让她通过在公共场合唱歌以走出舒适区。后来Kelsie Dlin去参加《美国偶像》，在评委们的鼓励下出色发挥，得到了评委的认可。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Kelsie Dlin’s grandmther always encuraged her t try new things, ften pushing her ut f her cmfrt zne.(Kelsie Dlin的祖母总是鼓励她尝试新事物，经常把她推出舒适区)”可知，Kelsie Dlin的祖母让她尝试新的事物。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段的“This was a big change fr the shy, dwn-t-earth yung wman wh was nly 18 at the time. As smene wh grew up in Bne Cunty, West Virginia and had never been n a plane befre, just getting t the auditin wuld mean experiencing a lt f firsts. (这对当时只有18岁的害羞、脚踏实地的年轻女孩来说是一个巨大的变化。作为一个在西弗吉尼亚州布恩县长大的人，以前从未坐过飞机，仅仅去试镜就意味着要经历很多第一次)”可知，对于 Kelsie去参加试镜是一个很大的改变是因为她要体验很多新的东西。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The judges were impressed by her vcals (唱功), but they culd tell that Kelsie’s nerves were hlding her back. After much encuragement, they asked if she culd sing the secnd sng she had prepared: “When We Were Yung” by Adele. (评委们对她的唱功印象深刻，但他们可以看出凯尔西的紧张情绪阻碍了她。经过多次鼓励，他们问她是否可以唱她准备的第二首歌：阿黛尔的《当我们年轻时》)”可知，评委们让Kelsie Dlin再唱一次是为了帮助她克服紧张。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“All three judges were s prud f Kelsie fr her great first perfrmance. (三位评委都为Kelsie第一次的出色表现感到骄傲)”可知，Kelsie的表演很出色。由此推知，评委们说“Yu are ging t Hllywd!”是对Kelsie的肯定，即Kelsie的努力得到了回报。故选B。
2.【2023届湖北省高三3月第二次适应性英语模拟】
During my first year in cllege. I didn’t speak even thugh I was in a prgram called the Great Cnversatin. I was t afraid f saying smething wrng.
I tk a class frm Barbara as a secnd year student. My mind was split pen by the quality f Barbara’s questins. I finally had smething t say and the energy t say it. I was a frequent visitr during Barbara’s ffice hurs.
In my junir year, Barbara annunced the birth f her daughter. Maggie. That time I still knew little abut her life. During my senir year, when Barbara was my essay adviser, I became Maggie’s babysitter. She had t leave t teach her class. I sang Maggie lullabies(摇篮曲), fed her tiny cheese cubes, and gave her ht milk. And als in the same year, with Barbara’s help, I finished my essay successfully and graduated as an utstanding student.
During the six years after graduatin, I visited Barbara and her husband ften. Our relatinship gradually deepened, but I was always cnscius f a teacher-student relatinship.
It was anther tw years later that this changed fundamentally when I became a parent and had my sn in 2010, and Barbara was ne f the first t cngratulate me. When, nine mnths later, my child was diagnsed with Tay-Sachs disease, a serius and rare illness, she sent me a letter handwritten n a white legal pad(信笺薄). Fr the next tw and a half years, Barbara wrte me regular, smetimes weekly, remarkable letters that are revealing, lving, and kind.
When I began writing abut my sn in a very public blg frmat, Barbara respnded t each pst.
Thrugh ur back-and-frths, I began t realize that I hadn’t really knwn her at all—nt until nw, as she revealed mre abut herself than she ever had. A little ver a year ag, she wrte, “I’m sending yu lts f lve and psitive thughts. Hpe yu feel it.” I did, and I d. Yes, we had decades f shared histry behind us, but nw we had gtten t knw and lve each ther as wmen, mthers and equals.
4．Why didn’t the authr speak in the prgram the Great Cnversatin?
A．She actually had nthing t say t her teacher.
B．She had n pprtunity t speak in Barbara’s class.
C．She feared making sme mistakes.
D．She was t prud t say smething.
5．When did the authr becme her teacher’s babysitter?
A．When she was a cllege freshman.B．When she was a furth-year cllege student.
C．When she was a third-year cllege student.D．When she was a pstgraduate.
6．Hw many years had the authr knwn her teacher Barbara when she had her wn sn?
A．Nine.B．Eleven.C．Twelve.D．Furteen.
7．Which f the fllwing best describes Barbara?
A．Thughtful and psitive.B．Outging and creative.
C．Easyging and ambitius.D．Dutiful and humrus.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己与大学导师芭芭拉之间的情感加深的历程，同时表达了对老师的感激之情。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I didn’t speak even thugh I was in a prgram called the Great Cnversatin. I was t afraid f saying smething wrng. (即使我在一个叫做“伟大对话”的节目中，我也没有说话。我太害怕说错话了。)”可知，作者因为害怕说错话，所以不敢在节目里说话。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“During my senir year, when Barbara was my essay adviser, I became Maggie’s babysitter. (在我大四的时候，芭芭拉是我的论文导师，我就成了玛吉的保姆。)”可知，时间是在作者大四时，作者成了她老师的保姆。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I tk a class frm Barbara as a secnd year student. (二年级时，我上了芭芭拉的一门课。)”第三段中“During my senir year, when Barbara was my essay adviser, I became Maggie’s babysitter. (在我大四的时候，芭芭拉是我的论文导师，我就成了玛吉的保姆。)”第四段“During the six years after graduatin, I visited Barbara and her husband ften. (毕业后的六年里，我经常拜访芭芭拉和她的丈夫。)”以及第五段“It was anther tw years later that this changed fundamentally when I became a parent and had my sn in 2010, and Barbara was ne f the first t cngratulate me. (两年后，当我在2010年为人父母并生下儿子时，情况发生了根本性的变化，芭芭拉是第一个向我表示祝贺的人之一。)”可知，作者是在大二时开始上芭芭拉的课，作者大四时完成论文，她的论文导师是芭芭拉，作者在毕业后6年还经常和芭芭拉夫妇联系，又过了2年后，她有了自己的孩子。因此，当作者有自己孩子时，她认识芭芭拉已经有十一年了。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Fr the next tw and a half years, Barbara wrte me regular, smetimes weekly, remarkable letters that are revealing, lving, and kind. (在接下来的两年半里，芭芭拉定期给我写信，有时每周都会给我写信，这些信都很有启发性，充满爱心，和蔼可亲。)”可知，作者的儿子生病后，芭芭拉经常写信安慰和鼓励作者，说明芭芭拉是关爱他人的；从最后一段中“A little ver a year ag, she wrte, “I’ m sending yu lts f lve and psitive thughts. Hpe yu feel it.” (一年多前，她写道：“我给你送去了很多爱和积极的想法。希望你能感受到。”)”说明芭芭拉本人就是一个积极的人。故选A项。
3.【2023届湖北省武汉市武昌区高三5月质量检测】
The Daintree rainfrest is verflwing with flra (植物群) and fauna (动物群) nt fund anywhere else in the wrld. It is als believed t be the ldest cntinual area f trpical rainfrest in existence. With mre than half f the wrld’s rainfrests already destryed, here’s why it is imprtant t help supprt activities t ensure this impressing part f Australia can’t be develped.
HalfCut is an innvative charity created in 2017 which is helping t save the Daintree rainfrest in Far Nrth Queensland. In fact, during the cvid lckdwns f 2021, they helped raise mre than $1.2 millin fr the Daintree “buy back” prgram which prtected ver 500,000 square metres f endangered Daintree rainfrest. This is equal t 123.55 ftbal fields wrth f trpical rainfrest.
Anyne wanting t supprt the prtectin f the Daintree is welcme by HalfCut. Created by James Standn-Cke and life partner Jessie Clarke, this envirnmental activity is challenging yu t cut ff half f yur hair, beard r mustache, since half stylish face makeup, baking gds, and even the dd half cut lawn have been ppular mre recently. If yu feel like spending hundreds f dllars in cluring, then style yur hair a different shade r braid (编) half f yur hair, undercut r even get a nrmal haircut shwing half f the length remved. Visit www. G. HalfCut. rg t share yur new haird n scial media with friends and family t help raise mney. Every $2. 50 is ne mre square metre saved f the wrld’s ldest rainfrest. It is up t yu hw lng yu stay halfcut. It may be fr a day, a week r even a mnth. All mney dnated helps prtect Daintree Rainfrest in Far Nrth Queensland which prvides crucial habitat fr many endangered species.
Dn’t want t mess with yur perfect hair? Then help spread the wrd by buying a HalfCut T-shirt, bag, hat r jacket and save 10 square metres f rainfrest fr life per purchase, r simply make a dnatin t this great cause. It is all abut ding yur bit t help t prtect the ldest rainfrest in the wrld.
4．Why d peple prtect the Daintree rainfrest?
A．It hasn’t been develped.B．Half f it has been destryed.
C．It has unique eclgical diversity.D．It’s the biggest trpical rainfrest.
5．What can we knw abut HalfCut accrding t the passage?
A．It has helped save 123. 55 ftball fields.
B．It raises mney nline fr rainfrest prtectin.
C．It leads the fashin trend in the hairdressing industry.
D．It dnates $2. 50 t rainfrest prtectin fr each custmer.
6．What d the last tw paragraphs talk abut?
A．The rigin f HalfCut.B．The develpment f HalfCut.
C．The services ffered by HalfCut.D．The ways peple can get invlved in HalfCut.
7．What is the purpse f this passage?
A．T infrm peple f the achievements f HalfCut.
B．T advcate readers t supprt HalfCut and save frest.
C．T intrduce current situatin f the Daintree rainfrest.
D．T raise gvernment’s awareness f prtecting envirnment.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了HalfCut是一个创新的慈善机构，成立于2017年，旨在帮助拯救位于远北昆士兰的丹特里雨林。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Daintree rainfrest is verflwing with flra(植物群)and fauna(动物群)nt fund anywhere else in the wrld.(丹特里雨林里到处都是世界上其他地方没有的动植物。)”可知，人们要保护丹特里热带雨林的原因是它有着独特的生态多样性。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“HalfCut is an innvative charity created in 2017 which is helping t save the Daintree rainfrest in Far Nrth Queensland. (HalfCut是一个创新的慈善机构，成立于2017年，旨在帮助拯救远北昆士兰里的丹特里雨林。)”和第三段中“Visit www. G. HalfCut. rg t share yur new haird n scial media with friends and family t help raise mney. (访问www. G. HalfCut. rg，在社交媒体上与朋友和家人分享你的新发型，以帮助筹集资金。)”可知，HalfCut在网上为保护雨林筹集资金。故选B。
6．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中“Anyne wanting t supprt the prtectin f the Daintree is welcme by HalfCut. (任何想要支持保护丹特里的人都会受到HalfCut的欢迎。)”和最后一段“Dn’t want t mess with yur perfect hair? Then help spread the wrd by buying a HalfCut T-shirt, bag, hat r jacket and save 10 square metres f rainfrest fr life per purchase, r simply make a dnatin t this great cause. It is all abut ding yur bit t help t prtect the ldest rainfrest in the wrld.(不想弄乱你完美的发型吗？然后通过购买一件HalfCut T 恤、一个包、一顶帽子或一件夹克来帮助传播这个信息，每次购买可以为生活节省10平方米的雨林，或者只是为这个伟大的事业捐款。这一切都是为了帮助保护世界上最古老的雨林。)”可知，最后两段主要讨论了人们参与到HalfCut中的方式。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中“HalfCut is an innvative charity created in 2017 which is helping t save the Daintree rainfrest in Far Nrth Queensland. ( HalfCut 是一个创新的慈善机构，成立于2017年，旨在帮助拯救位于远北昆士兰的丹特里雨林。)”和最后一段中“Then help spread the wrd by buying a HalfCut T-shirt, bag, hat r jacket and save 10 square metres f rainfrest fr life per purchase, r simply make a dnatin t this great cause. It is all abut ding yur bit t help t prtect the ldest rainfrest in the wrld.(然后通过购买一件HalfCut T 恤、一个包、一顶帽子或一件夹克来帮助传播这个信息，每次购买可以为生活节省10平方米的雨林，或者只是为这个伟大的事业捐款。这一切都是为了帮助保护世界上最古老的雨林。)”可知，文章主要介绍了HalfCut是一个创新的慈善机构，成立于2017年，旨在帮助拯救位于远北昆士兰的丹特里雨林。由此可推知，文章的目的是倡导读者支持HalfCut，来保护森林。故选B。
4.【2023届辽宁省沈阳市高三教学质量监测（三）】
Many years ag, when I was in high schl and wrking weekends t pay fr the extras — like a class trip, that my family culdn’t really affrd, I lst my wallet.
One day, my ld car required putting gas in the back. I paid and drve ff, my wallet slipping ut f my pcket. I hadn’t even had time t miss it when a man phned and asked me if I had lst my wallet. I checked it and t my hrrr, I had. He asked me t tell him hw much mney was in it. He then tld me where t pick up my wallet.
As I pulled int his driveway, I nticed his disabled van and the ramp (坡道) ging up t the huse. I was thinking that there is n way this man easily gt my wallet. He had t pull ver his van, get in his wheelchair, lwer the lift, and then pick it up. I was just astnished.
I kncked n the dr and he let me in. I thanked him like 10 times. I was stuck, thugh. While I didn’t want t insult (冒犯) him by ffering mney, I really felt like ffering smething. S I asked him if there was anything I culd d t repay his kindness, and he said “Just pass my kindness n”. I said I wuld be certain t d that, as I was raised t be hnest n any accunt. I wanted t repay his kindness, s I whleheartedly prmised.
Well, ne des nt find many wallets and s it was abut 10 years later that I fund ne. It tk me several days t track dwn the man t whm the wallet belnged. He lived in anther state. I hated ging thrugh his wallet, but I finally lcated him thrugh a business card he had in it. He was actually surprised his mney was still in the wallet and he tried t hand me a $20. I tld him “Thanks, but just pass my kindness n”.
4．Hw did the finder make sure the wallet belnged t the authr?
A．He phned the gas statin.B．He checked the amunt f mney.
C．He went thrugh the wallet.D．He asked where the wallet was lst.
5．Hw did the authr feel when he realized the finder’s being disabled?
A．Satisfied.B．Shcked.C．Delighted.D．Hrrified.
6．What did the authr d t thank the disabled man in paragraph 4?
A．He accepted the man’s prpsal.B．He handed the man sme mney.
C．He passed the man’s kindness n.D．He put the mney int an accunt.
7．What lessn can we learn frm the text?
A．Kindness can be passed n.B．Finders keepers, lsers weepers.
C．Kindness lives in ur heart.D．One gd turn deserves anther.
【答案】4．B 5．B 6．A 7．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，多年前作者钱包丢失，好心人捡到归还作者，作者答应善意传递下去，十年后作者捡到别人钱包，把善意传递下去了。
4．细节理解题。由第二段中的“I hadn’t even had time t miss it when a man phned and asked me if I had lst my wallet. I checked it and t my hrrr, I had. He asked me t tell him hw much mney was in it. He then tld me where t pick up my wallet. (我还没来得及发觉钱包丢失，就有一个男人打电话问我钱包丢了吗。我检查了一下，令我恐惧的是，我钱包丢了。他让我告诉他里面有多少钱。然后他告诉我在哪里取钱包)”可知，通过向作者核对了钱包里钱的数额，捡钱包的人确定钱包属于作者，才会让作者取回钱包。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。由第三段中的“He had t pull ver his van, get in his wheelchair, lwer the lift, and then pick it up. I was just astnished. (他不得不把车停在路边，坐上轮椅，放下升降板，然后把它捡起来。我只是感到惊讶)”可知，当作者意识到捡钱包的人是残疾人时，作者感到惊讶。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。由第四段中的“S I asked him if there was anything I culd d t repay his kindness, and he said “Just pass my kindness n”. I said I wuld be certain t d that, as I was raised t be hnest n any accunt. I wanted t repay his kindness, s I whleheartedly prmised. (所以我问他我能不能做些什么来回报他的好意，他说“把我的好意传下去”。我说过我一定会这么做，因为我从小就被培养成诚实的人。我想报答他的好意，所以我全心全意地答应了)”可知，通过接受了捡钱包的人的提议“把好意传下去”，作者来感谢这个残疾的捡钱包的人。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。由第四段中的“S I asked him if there was anything I culd d t repay his kindness, and he said “Just pass my kindness n”. I said I wuld be certain t d that, as I was raised t be hnest n any accunt. I wanted t repay his kindness, s I whleheartedly prmised. (所以我问他我能不能做些什么来回报他的好意，他说“把我的好意传下去”。我说过我一定会这么做，因为我从小就被培养成诚实的人。我想报答他的好意，所以我全心全意地答应了)”和最后一段中的“I tld him “Thanks, but just pass my kindness n”. (我对他说：“谢谢，但把我的善意传递下去”)”及全文其它内容可知，文章讲述了，多年前作者钱包丢失，好心人捡到归还作者，作者答应善意传递下去，十年后作者捡到别人钱包，把善意传递下去了，可得出善良是可以传递的。故选A项。
5.【2024届山西省大同市高三6月学情调研】
I’m Savannah and I remember beginning t grw up that winter night when my parents and I were returning frm my aunt’s huse, and my mther said that we might sn be leaving fr America. We were n the bus then. I was crying, and sme peple n the bus were turning arund t lk at me. I remember that I culd nt bear the thught f never hearing again the radi prgram fr schl children t which I listened every mrning.
In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying gdbye t my friends and relatives. When we were leaving, I thught abut all the places I was ging t see — the strange and magical places I had knwn nly frm bks and pictures. The cuntry I was leaving and never t cme back t was hardly in my head then.
The fur years that fllwed taught me the imprtance f being psitive but the idea did nt cme t me at nce. Fr the first tw years in New Yrk I was really lst — having t study in three schls as a result f family mves. I did nt quite knw what I was r what I shuld be. Mther remarried and things became even mre cmplex fr me. Sme time passed befre my stepfather and I gt used t each ther. I was ften sad, and saw n end t “the hard times.”
My respnsibilities in the family increased a lt since I knew English better than everyne else at hme. I wrte letters, filled ut frms, translated at interviews with immigratin (移民) fficers, tk my grandparents t the dctr and translated there, and even discussed telephne bills with cmpany representatives.
Frm my experiences, I have learned ne imprtant rule: Almst all cmmn trubles g away at last! Smething gd is certain t happen in the end when yu d nt give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn ut all right, even thugh it will nt be that easy.
4．What did Savannah miss mst abut hme when leaving fr America?
A．Her dear friends and relatives.B．The radi prgramme fr pupils.
C．The cuntry she was leaving.D．The places she was familiar with.
5．What was Savannah’s attitude t her life changes in New Yrk?
A．Optimistic.B．Indifferent.C．Pessimistic.D．Desperate.
6．Why was Savannah increasingly respnsible in her family?
A．Fr her family mved mre frequently.B．Fr her mther ended up in divrce.
C．Fr her English was better than thers.D．Fr she disagreed with her stepfather.
7．What des Savannah think abut her future life?
A．Her future will be laded with mre trubles.B．It will be difficult t learn t becme mature.
C．There will be mre gd days than expected.D．Gd things will happen if she keeps trying.
【答案】4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了自己刚刚搬到美国的经历，作者以自己的经历告诉我们，所有的麻烦最终都会消失，我们只要不放弃，最终好事一定会发生。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“We were n the bus then. I was crying, and sme peple n the bus were turning arund t lk at me. I remember that I culd nt bear the thught f never hearing again the radi prgram fr schl children t which I listened every mrning.(那时我们在公共汽车上。我哭了，公共汽车上的一些人转过身来看着我。我记得，一想到再也听不到我每天早上收听的学校儿童广播节目，我就无法忍受。)”可知，当作者得知要去美国的时候，想念的是每天早上收听的学校儿童广播节目。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The fur years that fllwed taught me the imprtance f being psitive but the idea did nt cme t me at nce.(接下来的四年教会了我积极的重要性，但这个想法并没有立即出现在我脑海中。)”以及最后一段“Frm my experiences, I have learned ne imprtant rule: Almst all cmmn trubles g away at last! Smething gd is certain t happen in the end when yu d nt give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn ut all right, even thugh it will nt be that easy.(从我的经历中，我学到了一个重要的规则：几乎所有常见的麻烦最终都会消失！只要你不放弃，最后一定会有好事发生，再等一会儿！我相信我的生活会好起来的，尽管它不会那么容易。)”可知，Savannah对于自己在纽约生活的变化抱有支持的态度。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“My respnsibilities in the family increased a lt since I knew English better than everyne else at hme.(我在家庭中的责任增加了很多，因为我比家里的其他人都懂英语。)”可知，作者在家庭中的责任增加了很多是因为作者比家里的其他人都懂英语。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Frm my experiences, I have learned ne imprtant rule: Almst all cmmn trubles g away at last! Smething gd is certain t happen in the end when yu d nt give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn ut all right, even thugh it will nt be that easy.(从我的经历中，我学到了一个重要的规则：几乎所有常见的麻烦最终都会消失！只要你不放弃，最后一定会有好事发生，再等一会儿！我相信我的生活会好起来的，尽管它不会那么容易。)”可知，Savannah认为只要自己不放弃，麻烦最终会消失，而好事也必然会发生。故选D。
真题感知
1. [2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
B
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgramme at fur lw-incme schls. The prgramme aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighburhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgramme evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes.“We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgramme’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
( )24.What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A.She used t be a health wrker.
B.She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C.She wns a fast fd restaurant.
D.She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
( )25.What was a prblem facing Jaramill at the start f the prgramme?
A.The kids’ parents distrusted her.
B.Students had little time fr her classes.
C.Sme kids disliked garden wrk.
D.There was n space fr schl gardens.
( )26.Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgramme?
A.Far-reaching.
B.Predictable.
C.Shrt-lived.
D.Unidentifiable.
( )27.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Rescuing schl gardens
B.Experiencing cuntry life
C.Grwing vegetable lvers
D.Changing lcal landscape
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Abby Jaramill和另一位老师在学校开设Urban Spruts学校园艺项目,带领学生种菜的经历及其对学生身心健康产生的积极影响。
24.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“…Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts…”可知,Abby Jaramill和另一位老师成立了Urban Spruts,即Abby Jaramill是Urban Spruts的创始人。故选D项。
25.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.”可知,学生们认为蔬菜很糟糕,泥土很糟糕,昆虫很可怕。因此,Jaramill在项目初期遇到的问题是学生们不喜欢园艺工作。故选C项。
26.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…the prgramme’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students…”可知,该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学生对园艺工作非常感兴趣,他们会把种子带回家,开始种自己的菜园。此外,在花园工作似乎对Jaramill的接受特殊教育的学生有镇静作用。由此可推知,这个项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。
27.C 主旨大意题。 通读全文并根据第一段中“The prgramme aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.”和第四段中“Prgramme evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes.”可知,该项目旨在帮助学生发展科学技能、培养环境意识和养成健康的生活方式。计划评估显示,学生们由于这些课程吃了更多的蔬菜。C项“Grwing vegetable lvers”一语双关,其中grwing既能表明蔬菜爱好者正在增加,也可指爱好种植蔬菜的人。
2. [2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu?re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves”.
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a“nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
( )32.What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A.Pcket parks are nw ppular.
B.Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C.Many cities are verppulated.
D.Peple enjy living clse t nature.
( )33.Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A.T cmpare different types f park-gers.
B.T explain why the park attracts turists.
C.T analyse the main features f the park.
D.T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.
( )34.What can we learn frm the example given in Paragraph 5?
A.Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B.Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different frms.
D.The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
( )35.What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A.Language study.
B.Envirnmental cnservatin.
C.Public educatin.
D.Intercultural cmmunicatin.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市化进程使得人类与自然的接触逐渐减少,尤其是在城市中找到原生态环境的机会越来越少,而研究表明城市中的原生态环境对人类的健康和幸福感极为重要。
32.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find.”和“…it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.”可知,随着城市迅猛发展,城市居民与自然环境的接触逐渐减少,在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的。故文章开头描述的现象是在城市里很难找到原生态的大自然。故选B项。
33.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a ‘nature language’ began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs.”可知,通过对320篇在线提交的总结编码,研究人员发现了一种被称为“自然语言”的类别模式。在对所有提交的总结进行编码后,有6个类别最常被游客认为是重要的。由此可推知,研究人员将参与者提交的内容编码为不同的类别是为了在游客的总结中发现模式。故选D项。
34.C 推理判断题。根据第五段中给出的例子“…the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.”可知,沿水边散步的体验对周末在公园徒步旅行的年轻职业人士来说可能是令人满足的。在工作日回到市中心,在午餐时间沿着喷泉散步也能享受到这种互动形式。由此可知,相同的自然体验可以采用不同的形式。故选C项。
35.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Kahn说的话“We?re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it…”可知,在和自然互动前,我们需要保护自然环境。故选B项。
3.[2023·全国甲卷]
B
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
She credits these skills t her late grandfather and builder Derek Llyd. Frm the age f six,Terri, nw 26, accmpanied Derek t wrk during her schl hlidays. A day’s wrk was rewarded with ￡5 in pcket mney. She says:“I’m sure I wasn’t much f a help t start with painting the rms and putting dwn the flring thrughut the huse. It tk weeks and was backbreaking wrk,but I knw he was prud f my skills.”
Terri, wh nw rents a huse with friends in Wandswrth, Suth West Lndn, says DIY als saves her frm lsing any depsit when a tenancy(租期) cmes t an end. She adds:“I’ve mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures. S,it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut.”
With millins f peple likely t take n DIY prjects ver the cming weeks, new research shws that mre than half f peple are planning t make the mst f the lng, warm summer days t get jbs dne. The average spend per prject will be arund ￡823. Tw thirds f peple aim t imprve their cmfrt while at hme. Tw fifth wish t increase the value f their huse. Thugh DIY has traditinally been seen as male hbby, the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge.
( )24.Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1?
A.An artist.
B.A winner.
C.A specialist.
D.A pineer.
( )25.Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day?
A.Fr a birthday gift.
B.As a treat fr her wrk.
C.T supprt her DIY prjects.
D.T encurage her t take up a hbby.
( )26.Hw did Terri avid lsing the depsit n the huse she rented?
A.By making it lk like befre.
B.By furnishing it herself.
C.By splitting the rent with a rmmate.
D.By cancelling the rental agreement.
( )27.What trend in DIY des the research shw?
A.It is becming mre cstly.
B.It is getting mre time-cnsuming.
C.It is turning int a seasnal industry.
D.It is gaining ppularity amng females.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Terri Bltn是怎样成为DIY高手的以及她是怎样从中受益的。文章最后还说明了目前女性在DIY中占主导地位。
24.C 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段中的“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.”可知,Terri Bltn擅长搭架子和拼接家具,她从不付钱让别人做她自己能做的工作。所以她在自己动手做东西的方面是专家。故选C。
25.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“A day’s wrk was rewarded with ￡5 in pcket mney.”可知,5英镑是对Terri劳动的奖励。故选B。
26.A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“I’ve mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures. S, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut.”可知,Terri搬过很多次家,总是喜欢个性化自己的房间和在墙上贴画。所以,当她搬出去时,知道如何盖住洞和重新粉刷房间以避免任何扣款是很有用的。由此可推知,Terri能用盖住洞和重新粉刷房间的方法使房间完好如初,从此避免损失押金。故选A。
27.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thugh DIY has traditinally been seen as male hbby, the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge.”可知,尽管DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好,但研究显示现在女性占主导地位。由此可知,DIY在女性中受欢迎。故选D。
4.2022年新高考I卷之B篇
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
25. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
26. What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
27. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed.B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week.D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther, resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn. D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce, that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买
5.2022年新高考I卷之D篇
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and "v", were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.（30多年前，学者Charles Hckett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard t prduce labidentals，which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure , making it easier t prduce such sunds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the s Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Mran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Mran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。
6.2022年全国甲卷之C篇
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
24. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins.B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund.D. By remving the lid.
25. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr.B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle.D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
26. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB. Cckats: Independent Learners
C. Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting, the crrect “keys” wuld let ut the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues, r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Cffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
7.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example,ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fibreglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des.“Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says.“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
( )24.What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A.He was fnd f travelling.
B.He enjyed being alne.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He lnged t be a dctr.
( )25.Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A.T feed the animals.
B.T build an ecsystem.
C.T prtect the plants.
D.T test the ec-machine.
( )26.What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A.T review Jhn’s research plans.
B.T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C.T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.
D.T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
( )27.What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A.Nature can repair itself.
B.Organisms need water t survive.
C.Life n Earth is diverse.
D.Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。
24.C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.”可知,当约翰长大后,他开始想弄明白这个过程是否可以用来清理人们正在制造的脏乱。再结合第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins.”可知,在大学里学习了农业、医学和渔业之后,约翰回去观察自然并提出问题。由此可知,从前两段中我们可以知道约翰有一种好学爱问的思维方式。
25.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.”可知,他决定建造一种后来被他称为生态机器的机器。再结合第三段“Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.”以及第四段“The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.”可知,约翰把污泥放进水箱里是为了测试他的生态机器。
26.B推理判断题。根据第五段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.”可知,多年来,约翰做了许多重要的工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可以处理南伯灵顿1600个家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。由此可知,作者提及福州的目的是展示约翰的想法的应用。
27.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what?s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”可知,你把生物放在新的关系中,观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。由此可知,约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。考点
题型
细节理解
阅读理解
2023
试卷类型
阅读
考点
2023新高考I卷
阅读21、22、23、24、26、28、33
细节理解
2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷
阅读21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35
细节理解
2022
2022·新高考I卷
阅读22、25、26、27、32、33
细节理解
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷
阅读21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34
细节理解
2021
2021·新高考I卷
阅读21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32
细节理解
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷
阅读21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34
细节理解
Hand Brake,
Three Gears
Ft Brake,
N Gears
1 hur
7.50
5.00
3 hurs
11.00
7.50
1 day
(24 hurs)
14.75
9.75
Each
additinal day
8.00
6.00
An Intrductin t Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn’s English Cntempraries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisatin in
Raeburn’s Prtraits
Thursday 6 Nv., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the
18th Century
Thursday 13 Nv., 13.10
MARTIN POSTLE