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重难点01 阅读理解推理判断题-2025年高考英语 （原卷版+解析版）
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推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一，包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章陷含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
预计2024年高考推理判断题仍旧占比5-7题。
近3年新高考推理判断题数据分析
1：推断隐含意义Questin Frms :
解题技巧：
Scanning，找到相关信息点
Study reading， 不但理解表层，而且要由表及里、由浅入深地分析
推理，以文中提供的信息为依据，结合常识，作出符合逻辑的推断
2：推断观点态度 Questin Frms :
解题技巧：
根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。
3：推断写作目的Questin Frms :
解题技巧：
1. 找主旨
2. 看文体――根据文章结构和措辞
(1) t entertain readers
常见于故事类的文章
(2) t persuade readers
常见于广告类的文章
(3) t infrm readers/ffer infrmatin/tips
多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.
4：推断文章出处Questin Frms :
解题技巧：
这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处:
A.报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
B.广告:因其格式特殊,容易辨认。
C.产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。
D.网站：文中会出现click（点击），nline（在线）, web（网络）, website（网址）等字眼。
5：推断下续内容Questin Frms :
例题分析：
1．把握作者写作思路
2．把握文章结构，注意最后一段内容，特别是最后几句话。
典例分析
典例一
(2023年新高考I卷 B )When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
26．What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A．T review Jhn’s research plans.B．T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C．T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D．T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
27．What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A．Nature can repair itself.B．Organisms need water t survive.
C．Life n Earth is diverse.D．Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
【答案】 26．B 27．A
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
典例二
(2023年新高考I卷 C )The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
30．What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A．Theretical mdels.B．Statistical methds.
C．Practical examples.D．Histrical analyses.
31．What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A．Use them as needed.B．Recmmend them t friends.
C．Evaluate their effects.D．Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】 30．C 31．A
30．推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
31．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
（建议用时：10分钟/篇）
一
（2023秋·江苏淮安·高三江苏省淮安中学校考期末）At the age f 14, James Harrisn had a majr chest peratin and he required 13 units (3.4 gallns) f bld afterwards. The bld dnatins saved his life, and he decided that nce he turned 18, he wuld begin dnating bld as regularly as he culd.
Mre than 60 years and almst 1,200 dnatins later, Harrisn, whse bld cntains an antibdy (抗体) that has saved the lives f 2.4 millin babies frm miscarriages (流产), retired as a bld dnr n May 11. Harrisn’s bld is valuable because he naturally prduces Rh-negative bld, which cntains Rh-psitive antibdies. His bld has been used t create anti-D in Australia since 1967.
“Every bttle f anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Rbyn Barlw, the Rh prgram directr tld the Sydney Mrning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millins f babies. I cry just thinking abut it.” Since then, Harrisn has dnated between 500 and 800 milliliters f bld almst every week. “I’d keep ging if they let me,” Harrisn tld the Herald. His dctrs said it was time t stp the dnatins. They had already extended the age limit fr bld dnatins fr him, and they’re cutting him ff nw t prtect his health.
Harrisn’s retirement is a blw t the Rh treatment prgram in Australia. Only 160 dnrs supprt the prgram, and finding new dnrs has prven t be difficult. But Harrisn’s retirement frm giving bld desn’t mean he’s cmpletely ut f the game. Scientists are cllecting and catalging his DNA t create a library f antibdies and white bld cells that culd be the future f the anti-D prgram in Australia.
1．Why did James Harrisn decide t dnate bld as regularly as he culd?
A．Because he wanted t be a celebrity.
B．Because he was saved by the bld dnatins when he was yung.
C．Because his bld is valuable.
D．Because the Rh treatment prgram in Australia need him.
2．What can we learn frm the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A．Rbyn Barlw was sad because millins f babies suffer frm bld disease.
B．Rbyn Barlw was wrried because Harrisn may die f lsing t much bld.
C．Rbyn Barlw was mved by Harrisn’s dnatins.
D．Rbyn Barlw was frightened by Harrisn’s crazy behavir.
3．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Harrisn’s retirement will nt affect the Rh prgram.
B．After Harrisn’s retirement, the Rh prgram will fail.
C．Harrisn’s influence t the Rh prgram will still exist after his retirement.
D．A library has been built fr the study f Harrisn’s DNA .
4．Which wrd can best describe Harrisn?
A．Patient.B．Diligent.
C．Talented.D．Devted.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D
【分析】本文为记叙文。文章主要叙述Harrisn因别人的献血挽救了自己的生命，因此决定18岁以后自己也参与献血。60年里他献血近1200次，他自然产生RH阴性血，其中含有RH阳性抗体，拯救了数百万婴儿。他的献血也促进了未来的澳大利亚抗D计划。
1．细节理解题。第一段“At the age f 14, James Harrisn had a majr chest peratin and he required 13 units (3.4 gallns) f bld afterwards. The bld dnatins saved his life, and he decided that nce he turned 18, he wuld begin dnating bld as regularly as he culd.” 14岁时，詹姆斯·哈里森做了一次大的胸部手术，手术后他需要13个加仑的血液。有人献血挽救了他的生命，于是他决定一旦年满18岁，就开始尽可能地定期献血。由此可推出，詹姆斯·哈里森决定尽可能地定期献血是因为他小的时有人献血挽救了他。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线部分的上句“Every bttle f anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Rbyn Barlw, the Rh prgram directr tld the Sydney Mrning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millins f babies...” 罗宾说“澳大利亚生产的每一瓶抗-D药物都含有詹姆斯的捐献，”Rh项目主管Rbyn Barlw说，“这是一件了不起的事情。他救了数百万婴儿”。故划线句子“I cry just thinking abut it”是说罗宾•巴洛为詹姆斯的献血而感动。分析选项可知C项（哈里森的捐款感动了罗宾·巴洛）符合题意，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“They had already extended the age limit fr bld dnatins fr him, and they’re cutting him ff nw t prtect his health.”可知，的医生说应该让詹姆斯·哈里森停止献血了。他们已经延长了他献血的年龄限制，现在为了保护他的健康，他们正在切断他的血液供应。最后一段“Harrisn’s retirement is a blw t the Rh treatment prgram in Australia. Only 160 dnrs supprt the prgram, and finding new dnrs has prven t be difficult. But Harrisn’s retirement frm giving bld desn’t mean he’s cmpletely ut f the game. Scientists are cllecting and catalging his DNA t create a library f antibdies and white bld cells that culd be the future f the anti-D prgram in Australia.” 詹姆斯·哈里森退休对澳大利亚的Rh治疗计划是一个打击。只有160名捐赠者支持这项计划，找到新的献血者是很困难的。但詹姆斯•哈里森退出献血并不意味着他完全退出了比赛。科学家们正在收集和编目他的DNA，以建立一个抗体和白细胞库，这可能是澳大利亚抗D计划的未来。由此可推断出詹姆斯•哈里森退出这个项目，但却促进了科学家收集和编目他的DNA，将要建立一个抗D和白细胞库。由此可推断出哈里森退休后对Rh项目还有影响。分析选项可知C项（哈里森退休后对Rh项目的影响仍然存在）符合题意，故选C。
4．推理判断题。本文主要叙述是Harrisn因别人的献血挽救了自己的生命，因此决定18岁以后自己也参与献血。60年里他献血近1200次，他自然产生RH阴性血，其中含有RH阳性抗体，拯救了数百万婴儿。他的献血精神就是一种奉献精神，挽救了许多人，更感动了许多。文章中献血（即对他人的奉献精神）一词，贯穿全文。分析选项A. Patient.耐心的；B. Diligent. 勤奋的； C. Talented. 天才的；D. Devted.奉献精神的。故选D。
【点睛】在阅读中我们经常会考查猜测词句题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。运用逻辑推理猜测词句是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式，这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各种已知信息）并结合具体的语境推测、判断某些词或短语的词义。例如第2小题词句猜测题。根据划线部分的上句“Every bttle f anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Rbyn Barlw, the Rh prgram directr tld the Sydney Mrning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millins f babies...” 罗宾说“澳大利亚生产的每一瓶抗-D药物都含有詹姆斯的捐献，”Rh项目主管Rbyn Barlw告诉悉尼先驱晨报说。“这是一件了不起的事情。他救了数百万婴儿”。故划线句子“I cry just thinking abut it”是说罗宾•巴洛为詹姆斯的献血而感动。分析选项可知C项（哈里森的捐款感动了罗宾•巴洛）符合题意，故选C。
二
（2023秋·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学校考期末）Once a circle missed a wedge (楔子). The circle wanted t be whle, s it went arund lking fr its missing piece. But because it was incmplete and therefre culd rll nly very slwly, it admired the flwers alng the way. It chatted with wrms. It enjyed the sunshine. Finally it fund a piece that fit perfectly. It was s happy. Nw that it was a perfect circle, it culd rll very fast, t fast t ntice flwers r talk t the wrms. When it realized hw different the wrld seemed when it rlled s quickly, it stpped, left its fund piece by the side f the rad and rlled slwly away.
In sme strange sense we are mre whle when we are missing smething. The man wh has everything is in sme ways a pr man. He will never knw what it feels like t yearn, t hpe, t nurish(滋润) his sul with the dream f smething better. He will never knw the experience f having smene wh lves him give him smething he has always wanted r never had.
There is whleness abut the persn wh has cme t terms with his limitatins, wh has been brave enugh t let g f his unrealistic dreams and des nt feel like a failure fr ding s. There is whleness abut the man r wman wh has learned that he r she is strng enugh t g thrugh a tragedy(悲剧) and survive — he r she can lse smene and still feel like a cmplete persn.
Life is mre like a baseball seasn, when even the best team lses ne third f its games and even the wrst team has its days f brilliance. Our gal is t win mre games than we lse. When we accept that imperfectin is part f being human, and when we can cntinue rlling thrugh life and appreciate it, we will have achieved whleness that thers can nly lng fr.
5．Which may be an example f being whle?
A．A persn has everything.
B．A persn accepts his r her limitatins.
C．A persn lves smene and is lved.
D．A persn feels blue fr drpping unrealistic gals.
6．Hw is a baseball seasn similar t life?
A．Easy cme, easy g.
B．Failure is the mther f success.
C．Energy and persistence cnquer all things.
D．Sme battles yu win and sme battles yu lse.
7．Hw des the authr clarify his idea?
A．Mainly by cmparing.
B．Mainly by reasning.
C．Mainly by infrming.
D．Mainly by arguing.
8．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Pursue perfectin in life
B．Be whle in life
C．Life withut mistakes is whle
D．N pains, n gains
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章以一个小故事引出话题——人生不在于完美, 而在于完整。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段There is whleness abut the persn wh has cme t terms with his limitatins, wh has been brave enugh t let g f his unrealistic dreams and des nt feel like a failure fr ding s.（人生的完整性在于一个人知道如何面对他的缺陷，如何勇敢地摒弃那些不现实的幻想而又不以此为缺憾）可知一个人接受他或她的缺陷，可能是“完整”的例子。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段Life is mre like a baseball seasn, when even the best team lses ne third f its games and even the wrst team has its days f brilliance. Our gal is t win mre games than we lse. （人生更像是一个棒球赛季，即使最好的球队也会输掉三分之一的比赛，而最差的球队也有春风得意的时候。我们的目标是赢的比赛比输的多）可知棒球赛季和生活的相似之处在于你有输有赢。故选D。
7．推理判断题。第二段内容(人生“完美”的人)和第三段内容(人生完整的人)作对比; 最后一段又拿baseball seasn和life作比较, 因此作者主要是通过作对比和作比较的方法来澄清他的观点的。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。本文作者通过圆和楔子的小故事感悟出这样的道理:从某种奇怪的意义上讲,当我们失去某些东西的时候,我们反而会更加完整,人生不在于完美而在于完整。因此不管是从故事内容还是从其诠释的人生哲理上，B项“完整的生命”作标题是最佳的。故选B。
三
（2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测）It’s easy t assume that a vacatin t Bali will cst a small frtune. There are plenty f accmmdatins, fd and lcal transprtatin, and even the spas ffer massages and treatments at value prices. Hwever, yu can easily spend a week r tw in Bali fr under $2,000, withut having t sleep n the beach. Here are a few things t cnsider when planning Bali n a budget.
What is the best time t visit Bali n a budget?
If yu’re n a budget, cnsider visiting Bali during the lwer, wetter seasn, which runs frm Octber thrugh March. The crwds will be fewer, and bth htel rates and flights frm abrad are ften cheaper, except during the hliday perid between mid-December and early January, when crwds swell. The nly trade-ff fr the lwer prices is the wet seasn. This time f year isn’t always ideal fr sunbathing, and serius rainfall can make utdr activities, such as whitewater rafting and visiting waterfalls and rice terraces, less than appealing. That said, even during rainy seasn, it desn’t usually rain all day lng. Expect bursts f sunshine between the strms.
What is the cheapest way t get arund Bali?
The abslute cheapest way t get arund Bali is by lcal bus, but it can take a lng time. There are als turist buses, including hp-n, hp-ff ptins, that travel between different hubs acrss the island. Bali is well-served by taxis, bth f the car and mtrbike variety, and the prices tend t be affrdable by internatinal standards. Mst drivers will ffer yu a fixed rate fr full-day hires r t get frm pint A t pint B, rather than using a meter.
Remember t bargain; ding s is particularly easy when a driver is n his wn rather than at a taxi stand.
Hw much des fd cst in Bali?
If yu’re int fine dining, yu can end up spending a large chunk f yur budget n fd. Eating at the average restaurant geared twards turists is the best way t have a meal in Bali n a budget. A gd meal shuld cst yu arund 100,000 rupiah (arund $7), but if yu’re willing t subsist mstly ff f lcal specialties such as nasi greng (fried rice) and eat at lcal restaurants, yu can expect t pay arund 30,000 rupiah ($2) t get fed. Best f all, mst htels and guesthuses in Bali cme with free breakfast, and many ffer heavier ptins f ndles and meat that may keep yu full until lunch.
9．Which f the fllwing situatin can be best described by the underlined wrd trade-ff in paragraph 2?
A．Jack gt a reward after he returned the lst bag t its wner.
B．Lily spent much mney buying sme handicrafts at the lcal fair.
C．Wendy cancelled her trip in rder t prevent the spread f the virus.
D．Sam was sclded by his parents fr what he did in schl last night.
10．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．It’s better fr utdr enthusiasts t visit Bali during the ff seasn.
B．Passengers had better fix the price with drivers befre the taxi pulls ut frm the statin.
C．If n a tight budget, ne is advised t visit Bali at the end f December every year.
D．It’s relatively ecnmical t eat merely at average restaurants tailred t visitrs.
11．In which clumn f a magazine can yu mst prbably find this passage?
A．City and Transprt.B．Travel and Recreatin.
C．Nature and Envirnment.D．Fd and Health.
【答案】9．C 10．D 11．B
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个去巴厘岛度假省钱的办法。
9．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“This time f year isn’t always ideal fr sunbathing, and serius rainfall can make utdr activities, such as whitewater rafting and visiting waterfalls and rice terraces, less than appealing.(每年的这个时候并不总是日光浴的理想时间，而且严重的降雨会使户外活动，如漂流、参观瀑布和梯田，没有吸引力)”可知，价格下降的原因是雨季这一代价。划线词意为“代价”。故C选项“为了防止病毒的传播，温迪取消了她的旅行”最能描述画线词，温迪以失去旅行为代价，换取防止病毒传播。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Eating at the average restaurant geared twards turists is the best way t have a meal in Bali n a budget.(要想在巴厘岛省钱，在一家面向游客的普通餐厅吃饭是最好的办法)”结合选项可知，在为游客量身定制的普通餐厅吃饭相对经济省钱。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s easy t assume that a vacatin t Bali will cst a small frtune. There are plenty f accmmdatins, fd and lcal transprtatin, and even the spas ffer massages and treatments at value prices. Hwever, yu can easily spend a week r tw in Bali fr under $2,000, withut having t sleep n the beach. Here are a few things t cnsider when planning Bali n a budget.(人们很容易认为去巴厘岛度假会花一大笔钱。这里有充足的住宿，食物和当地交通，甚至水疗中心提供合理价位的按摩和治疗。然而，你也可以花不到2000美元在巴厘岛度过一两个星期，甚至不用在海滩上睡觉。以下是在规划巴厘岛预算时需要考虑的一些事情)”结合文章主要介绍了三个去巴厘岛度假省钱的办法。可推知，你最可能在杂志的“旅游和娱乐”专栏里找到这篇文章。故选B。
四
（2023秋·浙江·高三校联考开学考试）In recent years, China has witnessed the grwth f luxury (奢侈品) brands. In this market, Chinese cnsumers are nw the largest spenders. It’s clear that a new generatin f yung, materialistic peple is increasingly relying n luxury brands t imprve its self-image.
I am a fashinist t, at least in spirit—I lve t lk at clthes and shes. But I dn’t understand why peple spend lts f mney n designer labels.
When a yung wman buys a handbag that csts tw mnths f her salary, that’s a scary thing.
What’s interesting is that scientists have fund that having luxury things desn’t lead t happiness.
Study after study has shwn that althugh we want material things, when we get them we dn’t suddenly becme “happy” peple. In fact, a series f studies by Leaf Van Bven at the University f Clrad, US, has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things. That’s because experiences are mre easily cmbined with a persn’s identity. If I travel t Yunnan, that adventure affects hw I think in the future. My memries becme a part f me.
Mrever, as Van Bven has bserved, yung peple wh pursue happiness thrugh “things” are liked less by their peers. Peple prefer thse wh pursue happiness thrugh experiences.
It’s natural t want t express yurself thrugh yur appearance. S my advice is: create a lk that isn’t tied t a designer label. Cnvey yur wn message. Take sme lessns frm the late Apple c-funder Steve Jbs. He was always in Levis jeans and a black turtleneck. Mark Zuckerberg, funder f Facebk, rutinely appears in hdies and sneakers. These peple, successful peple, have style. Yu dn’t have t break the bank t send a message abut wh yu are.
Take a trip. G ut int the wrld. Then cme back and cnfidently create yur wn signature lk.
12．What can we infer frm the first three paragraphs?
A．The authr enjys buying luxury brands herself.
B．The authr agrees t spend mney n material things.
C．The authr is critical f yuths tying their lks t designer labels.
D．The authr finds it natural fr fashinists t fllw fashin trends.
13．Leaf Van Bven’s studies shwed that ________.
A．traveling changes a persn’s identity greatly
B．peple dislike thse wh lve luxuries
C．experiences can bring peple mre happiness than luxuries
D．luxuries have a negative effect n peple’s happiness
14．What is the authr’s advice n expressing neself?
A．Be selective abut designer labels.
B．Create yur wn persnal unique style.
C．Chse styles that are simple and cmfrtable.
D．Try styles like Mark Zuckerberg’s.
15．The main purpse f the article is t ______.
A．persuade readers t invest in experiences instead f luxuries
B．prve hw luxury leads t an unpleasant life
C．tell hw t express yurself thrugh appearances
D．reprt n a series f studies abut luxuries and happiness
【答案】12．C 13．C 14．B 15．A
【分析】这是一篇议论文，文章主要介绍了青年人越来越依赖奢侈品来提升个人形象。这是很可怕的事情。我们应该出去旅行，去世界各地看一看，多体验多经历，自信来自于眼界。
12．推理判断题。根据前三段的内容，以及When a yung wman buys a handbag that csts tw mnths f her salary, that’s a scary thing.可知，青年人越来越依赖奢侈品来提升个人形象。这是很可怕的事情，说明作者在批评这些年轻人，故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段中In fact, a series f studies by Leaf Van Bven at the University f Clrad, US, has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things.可知，Leaf Van Bven研究表明旅行和类似经历比奢侈品更能给人带来更多快乐。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中It’s natural t want t express yurself thrugh yur appearance. S my advice is: create a lk that isn’t tied t a designer label. These peple, successful peple, have style.可知，作者建议我们创造独特唯一的风格。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中In fact, a series f studies by Leaf Van Bven at the University f Clrad, US, has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things可知，作者的写作目的是通过Leaf Van Bven研究劝告公众不要依赖奢侈品而要通过经历来提升个人形象。故选A。
【点睛】4. 解题剖析：此题属于推理判断题中的（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) t entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) t persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章。3) t infrm readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。
答案需要从文章Leaf Van Bven研究劝告公众不要依赖奢侈品而要通过经历来提升个人形象。进行推断。
答案定位：根据文章Leaf Van Bven研究结果可知，文章劝告公众不要依赖奢侈品而要通过经历来提升个人形象。
推理关系：题干The main purpse f the article is t.☞文章内容has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things
答案：spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things.☞A选项persuade readers t invest in experiences instead f luxuries
五
（2023秋·山东青岛·高三统考期末）In life，nce n a path，we tend t fllw it，fr better r wrse.What's sad is that even if it's the latter，we ften accept it anyway because we are s used t the way things are that wed dn't even recgnize that they culd be different This is a phenmenn psychlgist call functinal fixedness.
This classic experiment will give yu an idea f hw it wrks and a sense f whether yu may have fallen int the same trap: Peple are given a bx f tacks (大头钉) and sme matches and asked t find a way t attach a candle t a wall s that it burns prperly.
Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle t the wall r lighting it t fix it with melted wax. The psychlgists had, f curse, arranged it s that neither f these bvius appraches wuld wrk. The tacks are t shrt, and the paraffin (石蜡) desn't stick t the wall. S hw can yu cmplete the task? The successful technique is t use the tack bx as a candle-hlder. Yu empty it, tack it t the wall. and stand the candle inside it. T think f that, yu have t lk beynd the bx's usual rle as a receptacle just fr tacks and re-imagine it serving an entirely new purpse. That is difficult because we all suffer t ne degree r anther frm functinal fixedness.
The inability t think in new ways affects peple in every crner f sciety. The plitical therist Hannah Arendt cined the phrase“frzen thughts”t describe deeply held ideas that we n lnger questin but shuld. In Arendt's eyes, the self- cntent reliance n such accepted “truths”als made peple blind t ideas that didn't fit their wrldview, even when there was plenty f evidence fr them.
Frzen thinking has nthing t d with intelligence, she said,“It can be fund in highly intelligent peple.”
16．What des the underlined wrd“it”in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The experiment.B．Functinal fixedness.
C．The path.D．The thinking.
17．Which way is hard t think f t cmplete the task?
A．Tacking the candle t the wall.
B．Fixing the candle with melted wax.
C．Using the tack bx as a candle-hlder.
D．Lighting the candle t stand it.
18．Which f the fllwing statements will Hannah Arendt agree with?
A．Peple shuld questin.
B．We shuld be used t the way things are.
C．Peple shuldn't accept the idea that desn't fit their wrldview.
D．The smarter peple are，the mre pen t the new things they are.
19．What's the passage mainly abut?
A．An interesting experiment
B．A psychlgical phenmenn.
C．A thery t be prved.
D．The pinin f Hannah Arendt.
【答案】16．B 17．C 18．A 19．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象的实验。
16．代词指代题。根据前一句This is a phenmenn psychlgist call functinal fixedness.可知这是一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。根据划线词所在句子This classic experiment will give yu an idea f hw it wrks and a sense f whether yu may have fallen int the same trap:可知这个经典的实验将让你了解它是如何起作用的，还会让你知道你是否会掉入同样的陷阱。结合上文可知这里的it就是前文的“(functinal fixedness)功能固着”，故选B项。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段中的The successful technique is t use the tack bx as a candle-hlder. functinal fixedness.可知成功实现的方法就是把钉盒用作烛台。你需要把盒子清空，把它钉在墙上，然后把蜡烛放在里面。要考虑到这一点，你必须超越盒子通常的作用，不再把它看作是一个仅仅是为了图钉而设计的盒子，而是把它重新想象成一个有全新的用途的工具。这是困难的，因为我们都或多或少地承受着功能固着的痛苦。也就是说把钉盒用作烛台这个方法是很难想到的。故选C项。
18．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The plitical therist Hannah Arendt cined the phrase…als made peple blind t ideas that didn't fit their wrldview, even when there was plenty f evidence fr them.”可知政治理论家汉娜·阿伦特创造了“冻结思维”一词，它用来描述我们不再质疑、但应该质疑的根深蒂固的想法。阿伦特认为，自满的依赖这些公认的事实使人们对不符合他们世界观的想法视而不见，即使有足够的证据支持这些想法。由此可以推断汉娜·阿伦特会赞同“人们需要质疑”这个想法。故选A项。
19．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出存在着一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。后几段介绍了一个经典实验让读者了解功能固着这种心理现象是如何起作用的，最后介绍了汉娜·阿伦特创造了“冻结思维”一词，用来描述我们不再质疑、但应该质疑的根深蒂固的想法。全文都围绕着功能固着这一心理现象在描写。故选B项。
六
（2023秋·山东青岛·高三青岛二中校考期末）Lk at the fllwing timetable and answer questins.
Time Table
20．What is the shrtest time between Bstn and New Yrk by train?
A．5 hurs 35 minutesB．5 hurs 5 minutes
C．4 hurs 25 minutesD．4 hurs 30 minutes
21．On Christmas Day, hw many trains at least will g frm Bstn t New Yrk?
A．TwB．Three
C．FurD．Five
22．Yu are traveling in the 9:10 AM train. In Midway yu get ff and stay there fr an hur. If yu want t get t New Yrk befre dark, which train frm Bstn shuld yu change?
A．The 1:15 PM train.B．The 5:20 PM train.
C．The 3:40 PM train.D．The 10:10 AM train.
【答案】20．D 21．B 22．A
【分析】本文是应用文，是一份美国波士顿到纽约的列车时刻表。
20．推理判断题。根据Lv.(Leave) Bstn 中1:15 PM Daily和Ar. New Yrk 中5:45 PM，得知下午1:15从波士顿出发，下午5:45到纽约，在所有列车中花费时间最短，4小时30分。故选D。
21．细节理解题。至少有3趟列车是Daily每日通行的列车，因此判断出在圣诞节至少有3趟列车从波士顿开往纽约。故选B。
22．推理判断题。题中要求是9:10 AM 从波士顿坐火车出发，在Midway 11:00 AM下车，停留1小时，为了在天黑前赶到纽约，应该乘坐波士顿1:15 PM Daily那班列车，在下午5:45到纽约。其它时间都是晚间到纽约，不符合题目要求。故选A。
七
（2023秋·湖南娄底·高三湖南省新化县第一中学校考期末）One night in March, five years ag, during happy hur at a bar in my hmetwn, I made a surprise annuncement t my friends: I was ging t shut dwn my law practice and attempt t travel arund the glbe in a year. What’s mre, I wuld d it withut taking any flights r making a single advance reservatin f any kind. My annuncement drew mixed reactins frm my friends. Sme ffered supprt and encuragement, while thers were mre dubtful.
Once I’d said the wrds, there was n turning back. It tk mnths t shut dwn my law practice and get things in rder. Once I set ff n my adventure in Octber 2016, I fund that travelling withut using planes was nt easy. Trying t circle the glbe in 16 mnths (it tk me a bit lnger than the initial 12 mnths I planned) made it even tugher. Even s, travelling verland was the mst awe-inspiring way t truly understand the immensity f ur wnderful planet.
I tk three cnsecutive vernight buses t travel 3,000 km thrugh Argentina, frm Ushuaia, the wrld’s suthernmst city, t the capital Buens Aires. I wuld lk ut the windws fr hurs n end at the cmpletely unspiled plains, as if humans had never tuched it.
It tk seven cnsecutive days and nights n trains t get frm Mscw t Beijing, each day spent gazing ut the windws fr hurs as the West Siberian Plain swept by. Smetimes, I wuldn’t see a village r a human being fr 10 hurs. Later in my jurney, it tk 22 days n a carg freighter t get frm New Zealand thrugh the Panama Canal and back t Philadelphia, t finish my rund-the-wrld adventure.
It turned ut that travelling with n reservatins was far less difficult than I had imagined. Pulling int a city n a bus with a backpack, lking in a guidebk fr a few suggestins f accmmdatins, and then finding an empty rm was never much f a prblem anywhere. It als kept me flexible and pen abut all my travel plans, which is advice I give everyne wh asks—plan far less than yu think yu shuld.
23．The authr’s trip was special in that .
A．he made it at the expense f giving up his jbB．it hardly cst him anything
C．he did nt make advance bking r travel by airD．it was a glbal trip
24．The authr mst prbably returned t the United States in .
A．June 2017B．December 2018
C．Octber 2017D．February 2018
25．What’s the crrect rder f the places that the authr travelled t?
①Mscw ②Philadelphia ③New Zealand ④Ushuaia ⑤Beijing ⑥Buens
A．⑤④①⑥③②B．④⑥①⑤③②
C．④⑤①⑥③②D．⑤①⑥④③②
26．What des the authr think f his arund-the-wrld tur?
A．challenging but pleasingB．dangerus but wnderful
C．bring and disappintingD．cstly and painful
【答案】23．C 24．D 25．B 26．A
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在没有任何计划的前提下进行了环球旅行，结果证明毫无准备地旅行比想象的要容易得多。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What’s mre, I wuld d it withut taking any flights r making a single advance reservatin f any kind.(此外，我也不会乘坐任何航班，也不会提前预订任何种类的机票)”可知，作者旅行的特别之处是没有提前预定，也没有坐飞机。故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Once I set ff n my adventure in Octber 2016, I fund that travelling withut using planes was nt easy. Trying t circle the glbe in 16 mnths (it tk me a bit lnger than the initial 12 mnths I planned) made it even tugher.(当我在2016年10月开始我的冒险之旅时，我发现不使用飞机旅行并不容易。试着在16个月内绕地球一周〔这比我最初计划的12个月要长一些〕让事情变得更加困难)”由此可知，作者2016年10月出发，16个月后返回，即作者最有可能在2018年2月回到美国。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“I tk three cnsecutive vernight buses t travel 3,000 km thrugh Argentina, frm Ushuaia, the wrld’s suthernmst city, t the capital Buens Aires. (我连续乘坐了三趟通宵巴士，从世界最南端的城市乌斯怀亚到首都布宜诺斯艾利斯，穿越阿根廷3000公里)”、第四段第一句“It tk seven cnsecutive days and nights n trains t get frm Mscw t Beijing (从莫斯科到北京坐了连续七天的火车)”及第四段最后一句“Later in my jurney, it tk 22 days n a carg freighter t get frm New Zealand thrugh the Panama Canal and back t Philadelphia, t finish my rund-the-wrld adventure. (在我后来的旅程中，我用了22天的时间乘坐货轮从新西兰穿过巴拿马运河回到费城，完成了我的环球冒险)”可知，作者的旅行路线是乌斯怀亚，布宜诺斯艾利斯，莫斯科，北京，新西兰，费城。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I fund travelling withut using planes was nt easy.”可知，作者在2008年12月开始他的冒险之旅时，他发现不坐飞机旅行并不容易；结合最后一段中“It turned ut that travelling with n reservatins was far less difficult than had imagined. Pulling int a city n a bus with a backpack, lking in a guidebk fr a few suggestins f accmmdatins, and then finding an empty rm was never much f a prblem anywhere.(没有计划的旅行远没有想象中那么困难，带着背包坐公交车进城，在旅游指南上寻找一些住宿建议，然后找到一个住处在任何地方都不是什么大问题)”可推知，作者的态度是积极的，认为虽然旅行有一定挑战性，但总体上是愉快的。故选A。
八
（2023·湖北武汉·武汉市黄陂区第一中学校考模拟预测）What limits yu frm hiking mre ften? Many cmplain that they dn't have a suitable partner t g with. Why nt take a lk at the great hiking clubs acrss Canada?
• Yukn Outdrs Club
Website: yuknutdrsclub.ca
Membership cst: $10 fr a single membership; $15 fr a family membership
Descriptin: The club arranges day hikes, backpacking trips, cane trips, muntain biking, crss-cuntry skiing trips, snwsheing trips and varius wrkshps fr members t gain new skills and valuable infrmatin.
• UBC Varsity Outdr Club
Website: ubc-vc.cm
Membership cst: Students $40； nn-UBC students $60
Descriptin: The UBC Varsity Outdr Club is a scial grup that hikes, muntaineers, rck climbs and ice climbs. Travel and utdr-minded UBC students and nn-students are welcme t jin. The UBC VOC has als cnstructed a few backcuntry cttages in the Cast Muntains.
• Pender Harbr Hiking Grup
Website: penderharburhiking.weebly. Cm
Membership cst: Free.
Descriptin: The Pender Harbr Hiking Grup ffers hikes scheduled tw mnths in advance, s get n the mailing list r check the website regularly t find a hike that's right fr yu! Hikes are usually ne and a half t tw hurs lng, but sme full-day hikes are scheduled, depending n members, interest.
• Vernn Outdrs Club
Website: vernnutdrsclub. Org
Membership cst: A single membership is $25, and students pay $10, Children are free.
Descriptin: Basting a membership f clse t 200 peple, the Vernn Outdrs Club is an active grup that enjys hiking and cycling. The grup rganizes a Tuesday Rambles event each week and als hsts multi-day trips.
27．Which club has built remte shelters fr hikers?
A．The Yukn Outdrs Club.
B．The Vernn Outdrs Club.
C．The UBC Varsity Outdr Club.
D．The Pender Harbr Hiking Grup.
28．What shuld yu d if yu hpe t hike with the Pender Harbur Hiking Grup?
A．Make a prper appintment.
B．Fllw the website r the mail.
C．Develp yur interest in hiking.
D．Arrange tw mnths ahead f time.
29．What d the fur clubs have in cmmn?
A．Bking in advance.
B．Charging membership fee.
C．Prviding skill wrkshps.
D．Organizing hiking activities.
【答案】27．C 28．B 29．D
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可以提供徒步旅行的俱乐部。
27．细节理解题。由文中第二部分UBC Varsity Outdr Club 介绍中“The UBC VOC has als cnstructed a few backcuntry cttages in the Cast Muntains.（UBC VOC在海岸山脉还建造了一些偏僻的村舍。）可知，只有UBC Varsity Outdr Club提到了为远足者建设了偏远的村舍。故选C项。
28．细节理解题。由第三部分Pender Harbr Hiking Grup中“The Pender Harbr Hiking Grup ffers hikes scheduled tw mnths in advance, s get n the mailing list r check the website regularly t find a hike that's right fr yu!”（Pender Harbr远足小组提供提前两个月安排的远足，因此，请进入邮件列表或定期检查网站，以找到适合您的远足！）可知，该俱乐部的远足安排要关注网站或邮件，故选B项。
29．推理判断题。由文中Pender Harbr Hiking Grup介绍中“Descriptin: The Pender Harbr Hiking Grup ffers hikes scheduled tw mnths in advance.”（ Pender Harbr远足小组提供提前两个月安排的远足）所以可推知是要提前订票安排的。 A项“Bking in advance.”（提前预定）可知文中并没有提到所有活动都要提前订票。同时该俱乐部介绍中“Membership cst: Free.”（会员费：免费）可知不收取会员费用，故B项“Charging membership fee.”（收取会员费）不对。 文中Yukn Outdrs Club介绍中提到“Descriptin: The club arranges day hikes, backpacking trips, cane trips, muntain biking, crss-cuntry skiing trips, snwsheing trips and varius wrkshps fr members t gain new skills and valuable. infrmatin.”（描述：俱乐部安排一日远足，背包旅行，独木舟旅行，山地自行车，越野滑雪旅行，雪鞋旅行和各种工作坊，供会员获得新技能和宝贵信息。）可知提到了获取技能。其他俱乐部未提及。故C项“Prviding skill wrkshps”（提供技能作坊）不对。根据• UBC Varsity Outdr Club中的“Descriptin: The UBC Varsity Outdr Club is a scial grup that hikes, muntaineers, rck climbs and ice climbs. ”描述:UBC Varsity户外俱乐部是一个社会团体，包括远足、登山、攀岩和攀冰。根据• Vernn Outdrs Club中的“Descriptin: Basting a membership f clse t 200 peple, the Vernn Outdrs Club is an active grup that enjys hiking and cycling.”描述:拥有近200名会员，弗农户外俱乐部是一个活跃的团体，喜欢徒步旅行和骑自行车。由此可知，四个俱乐部都组织徒步活动。故选D项。
九
（2023秋·湖北·高三校联考期中）Things t d in Cab Crrientes, Jalisc, MexIc！
◆ Rhythms f the Night-Sunset Cruise(乘船游览)
Duratin: 5 hrs
Kick ff the evening with a scenic cruise acrss Banderas Bay t Las Caletas. Las Caletas, nce hme t a Hllywd mvie directr Jhn Hustn, ffers frnt-rw sunset seats, and dinner tables just steps away frm the water. The buffet-style menu ffers a wide variety f chices. Watch the lively perfrmance f ancient ceremnies and be lst in histrical stries abut Jalisc. Yu must be able t climb and g dwn stairs.
◆ Sayulita Escape
Duratin: 3 hrs
Hp n a pwerful UTV(utility task vehicle) t explre Sayulita, a nice beach twn nt far frm Vallarta. Ride ver muddy rads and a riverbed t reach the small cmmunity famus fr its relaxing atmsphere. Sn after hitting the main rad, yur guide turns nt ne f the dusty frest paths. When yu are ready, a picnic lunch, an pen bar, and a knwledgeable crew await yur return t the ship. Wheelchair accessibility is available.
◆ Las Caletas Beach Hideaway
Duratin: 7 hrs
The use f kayaks(独木舟)and stand-up paddlebards is all available, as well as a scenic nature walk and admissin t Kids Adventure Park fr the yung nes. Yu can even swim ut t an ffshre platfrm t practice yur diving skills. Wheelchair accessibility is nt available.
◆Street Fd and Tac Tur in Puert vallarta
Duratin: 6hrs 30mins
Enjy a feast f lcal flavrs in ur fd and tacs-tasting tur. Discver Puert Vallarta's best flavrs t the lcals'eye. Learn abut the lcal culture and life, while yu eat where the lcals d with their belved nes. Wheelchair accessibility is nt avaliable.
30．What can turists d n the tur Rhythms f the Night-Sunset Cruise?
A．Enjy free dinners.
B．Cme acrss the mvie directr Jhn Hustn.
C．Learn abut the histry f Jalisc.
D．Watch the scenic sunrise.
31．Hw des the tur Sayulita Escape differ frm the ther nes?
A．It includes a licensed guide.
B．It is mre friendly t the disabled.
C．It ffers varius water event.
D．It has adventurus rutes.
32．Which tur suits families with kids?
A．Las Caletas Beach Hideaway.
B．Sayulita Escape.
C．Rhythms f the Night-Sunset Cruise.
D．Street Fd and Tac Tur in Puert Vallarta.
【答案】30．C 31．B 32．A
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了墨西哥一座城市的几个旅游项目。
30．细节理解题。根据第一部分倒数第二句“Watch the lively perfrmance f ancient ceremnies and be lst in histrical stries abut Jalisc.”可知，在这段乘船旅程中，人们可以欣赏到有关Jalisc的历史故事，也就是能了解到其历史。故选C项。
31．细节理解题。根据第二部分最后一句“Wheelchair accessibility is available.”可知，这一旅程中是可以使用轮椅的，而其他项目中都明确说明了不能使用轮椅（第一部分指出要上下楼梯也不行）。故选B项。
32．推理判断题。根据第三部分“The use f kayaks(独木舟)and stand-up paddlebards is all available, as well as a scenic nature walk and admissin t Kids Adventure Park fr the yung nes.”可知，该项目也给孩子提供相应的游玩地点，比较适合父母带孩子一起参加。故选A项。
十
（2023秋·广东江门·高三江门市新会第一中学校考开学考试）Vide calls are a cmmn ccurrence, but have yu imagined being able t tuch the persn n the ther end f the line? Scientists are making this a reality.
Researchers at the University f New Suth Wales, Australia, have invented a sft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic (触觉的) device that can recreate the sense f tuch. Haptic technlgy mimics (模仿) the experience f tuch by stimulating small areas f the skin in ways that are similar t what is felt in the real wrld, thrugh frce, vibratin (震动) r mtin.
Vibratin is the mst cmmn haptic technlgy tday and has been built int many electrnic devices, such as ne attached t the back f a trackpad (触控板) in laptps, which mimics a buttn clicking. Hwever, haptic feedback with vibratin becmes less sensitive when used cntinuusly. The existing technlgy als has great difficulty recreating the sense f tuch with bjects in virtual envirnments r lcated remtely, accrding t Mai Thanh Thai, lead authr f the study.
The new technlgy vercmes issues with existing haptic devices. The research team intrduced a nvel methd t recreate the sense f tuch thrugh sft, artificial “muscles”.
“Our three-way directinal skin stretch device, built int the fingertips f the wearable haptic glve we als created, is like wearing a secnd skin — it’s sft, stretchable and mimics the sense f tuch — and will enable new frms f haptic cmmunicatin t enhance everyday activities,” said Thanh Nh D, senir authr f the study.
It wrks like this: Imagine yu are at hme and yu call yur friend wh is in Australia. Yu wear a haptic glve with the SSDs and yur friend als wears a glve with integrated (集成的) 3D frce sensrs. If yur friend picks up an bject, it will physically press against yur friend’s fingers. And his/her glve with 3D frce sensrs will measure these interactins. The frce signals can be sent t yur glve s yur device will generate the same 3D frces, making yu experience the same sense f tuch as yur friend.
The haptic devices culd be applied in varius scenaris, allwing users t feel bjects inside a virtual wrld r at a distance. This culd be especially beneficial during such times like the COVID-19 pandemic when peple rely n vide calls t stay cnnected with lved nes. Or it culd be used in medical practices. Dctrs can feel a patient’s rgan tissues with surgical tls withut tuching them.
33．What’s the main purpse f the text?
A．T encurage the use f a new prduct.
B．T infrm readers f a new inventin.
C．T cmpare different haptic devices.
D．T intrduce the develpment f haptic technlgy.
34．What can we learn abut the SSD?
A．It mimics the sense f tuch thrugh a trackpad.
B．It mainly uses vibratin technlgy.
C．It takes the shape f a glve.
D．It makes virtual haptic cmmunicatin pssible.
35．What des Paragraph 6 mainly talk abut?
A．The advantages f the new haptic glve.
B．The applicatins f the new haptic technlgy.
C．An explanatin f hw the haptic device wrks.
D．A persnal experience f using SSDs during a vide call.
36．Hw culd the new haptic device benefit peple?
A．It culd replace vide calls as a way t cmmunicate.
B．it culd be used fr recreating rgan tissues.
C．Dctrs culd perfrm surgeries at nce.
D．Users culd feel remte bjects in a realistic way.
【答案】33．B 34．D 35．C 36．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家正在使视频通话能够触碰到电话另一端的人成为现实。这一项技术将会利用在方方面面，造福于人类。
33．推理判断题。第二段第一句“Researchers at the University f New Suth Wales, Australia, have invented a sft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic (触觉的) device that can recreate the sense f tuch.”提到，澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员发明了一种柔软皮肤拉伸设备，这是一种可以重现触觉的触觉设备，下文讲述了该设备的工作原理和应用，所以本文的目的是介绍一项发明。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Scientists are making this a reality.”及第二段第一句“Researchers at the University f New Suth Wales, Australia, have invented a sft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic(触觉的) device that can recreate the sense f tuch.(澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员发明了一种柔软皮肤拉伸设备(SSD)，这是一种可以重现触觉的触觉设备。)”可知，SSD可使虚拟触觉通信成为可能。故选D项。
35．段落大意题。根据第六段中“It wrks like this:”可知，这段主要是解释触觉设备的工作原理。故选C项。
36．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“The haptic devices culd be applied in varius scenaris, allwing users t feel bjects inside a virtual wrld r at a distance.”可知，触觉设备可以应用在各种场景中，允许用户感受虚拟世界中的物体或者远距离的物体。故选D项。
试卷类型
年份
篇序
体裁
话题
题量
新高考I卷
2023
B
记叙文
生态设计
2
C
说明文
数字机简主义
2
D
议论文
集体商议的智慧
1
新高考II卷
2023
B
记叙文
学小菜园项目
1
C
说明文
阅读艺术
2
D
说明文
人类与大自然互动
2
新高考I卷
2022
A
应用文
评分原则
1
B
议论文
不要浪费食物
2
C
新闻报道
让养老院的老人养鸡
1
D
说明文
语音演变
1
新高考II卷
2022
A
应用文
儿童博物馆团体游
1
B
夹叙夹议
孙子误把儿童读物当平板电脑
2
C
说明文
科学技术
1
D
说明文
锻炼对心脏的好处
1
新高考I卷
2021
B
记叙文
翻乐谱的男子Rbert Titterman
1
新高考II卷
2021
B
夹叙夹议
照顾两只幼虎
1
C
说明文
推动艺术教育的发展
1
Lv.(Leave) Bstn
Ar.(Arrive) Midway
Ar. New Yrk
5:00 AM Ex.(Except) Sun.
7:10 AM Daily
9:10 AM Ex. Sat. & Sun.
10:00 AM Ex. Hl.(Hliday)
1:15 PM Daily
3:40 PM Ex. Hl.
5:20 PM Daily
7:00 AM
9:00 AM
11:00 AM
11:45 AM
3:15 PM
5:40 PM
7:20 PM
10:45 AM
12:45 PM
2:45 PM
---------
5:45 PM
8:45 PM
9:55 PM
推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一，包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章陷含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
预计2024年高考推理判断题仍旧占比5-7题。
近3年新高考推理判断题数据分析
1：推断隐含意义Questin Frms :
解题技巧：
Scanning，找到相关信息点
Study reading， 不但理解表层，而且要由表及里、由浅入深地分析
推理，以文中提供的信息为依据，结合常识，作出符合逻辑的推断
2：推断观点态度 Questin Frms :
解题技巧：
根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。
3：推断写作目的Questin Frms :
解题技巧：
1. 找主旨
2. 看文体――根据文章结构和措辞
(1) t entertain readers
常见于故事类的文章
(2) t persuade readers
常见于广告类的文章
(3) t infrm readers/ffer infrmatin/tips
多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.
4：推断文章出处Questin Frms :
解题技巧：
这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处:
A.报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
B.广告:因其格式特殊,容易辨认。
C.产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。
D.网站：文中会出现click（点击），nline（在线）, web（网络）, website（网址）等字眼。
5：推断下续内容Questin Frms :
例题分析：
1．把握作者写作思路
2．把握文章结构，注意最后一段内容，特别是最后几句话。
典例分析
典例一
(2023年新高考I卷 B )When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
26．What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A．T review Jhn’s research plans.B．T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C．T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D．T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
27．What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A．Nature can repair itself.B．Organisms need water t survive.
C．Life n Earth is diverse.D．Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
【答案】 26．B 27．A
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
典例二
(2023年新高考I卷 C )The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
30．What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A．Theretical mdels.B．Statistical methds.
C．Practical examples.D．Histrical analyses.
31．What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A．Use them as needed.B．Recmmend them t friends.
C．Evaluate their effects.D．Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】 30．C 31．A
30．推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
31．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
（建议用时：10分钟/篇）
一
（2023秋·江苏淮安·高三江苏省淮安中学校考期末）At the age f 14, James Harrisn had a majr chest peratin and he required 13 units (3.4 gallns) f bld afterwards. The bld dnatins saved his life, and he decided that nce he turned 18, he wuld begin dnating bld as regularly as he culd.
Mre than 60 years and almst 1,200 dnatins later, Harrisn, whse bld cntains an antibdy (抗体) that has saved the lives f 2.4 millin babies frm miscarriages (流产), retired as a bld dnr n May 11. Harrisn’s bld is valuable because he naturally prduces Rh-negative bld, which cntains Rh-psitive antibdies. His bld has been used t create anti-D in Australia since 1967.
“Every bttle f anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Rbyn Barlw, the Rh prgram directr tld the Sydney Mrning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millins f babies. I cry just thinking abut it.” Since then, Harrisn has dnated between 500 and 800 milliliters f bld almst every week. “I’d keep ging if they let me,” Harrisn tld the Herald. His dctrs said it was time t stp the dnatins. They had already extended the age limit fr bld dnatins fr him, and they’re cutting him ff nw t prtect his health.
Harrisn’s retirement is a blw t the Rh treatment prgram in Australia. Only 160 dnrs supprt the prgram, and finding new dnrs has prven t be difficult. But Harrisn’s retirement frm giving bld desn’t mean he’s cmpletely ut f the game. Scientists are cllecting and catalging his DNA t create a library f antibdies and white bld cells that culd be the future f the anti-D prgram in Australia.
1．Why did James Harrisn decide t dnate bld as regularly as he culd?
A．Because he wanted t be a celebrity.
B．Because he was saved by the bld dnatins when he was yung.
C．Because his bld is valuable.
D．Because the Rh treatment prgram in Australia need him.
2．What can we learn frm the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A．Rbyn Barlw was sad because millins f babies suffer frm bld disease.
B．Rbyn Barlw was wrried because Harrisn may die f lsing t much bld.
C．Rbyn Barlw was mved by Harrisn’s dnatins.
D．Rbyn Barlw was frightened by Harrisn’s crazy behavir.
3．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Harrisn’s retirement will nt affect the Rh prgram.
B．After Harrisn’s retirement, the Rh prgram will fail.
C．Harrisn’s influence t the Rh prgram will still exist after his retirement.
D．A library has been built fr the study f Harrisn’s DNA .
4．Which wrd can best describe Harrisn?
A．Patient.B．Diligent.
C．Talented.D．Devted.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D
【分析】本文为记叙文。文章主要叙述Harrisn因别人的献血挽救了自己的生命，因此决定18岁以后自己也参与献血。60年里他献血近1200次，他自然产生RH阴性血，其中含有RH阳性抗体，拯救了数百万婴儿。他的献血也促进了未来的澳大利亚抗D计划。
1．细节理解题。第一段“At the age f 14, James Harrisn had a majr chest peratin and he required 13 units (3.4 gallns) f bld afterwards. The bld dnatins saved his life, and he decided that nce he turned 18, he wuld begin dnating bld as regularly as he culd.” 14岁时，詹姆斯·哈里森做了一次大的胸部手术，手术后他需要13个加仑的血液。有人献血挽救了他的生命，于是他决定一旦年满18岁，就开始尽可能地定期献血。由此可推出，詹姆斯·哈里森决定尽可能地定期献血是因为他小的时有人献血挽救了他。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线部分的上句“Every bttle f anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Rbyn Barlw, the Rh prgram directr tld the Sydney Mrning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millins f babies...” 罗宾说“澳大利亚生产的每一瓶抗-D药物都含有詹姆斯的捐献，”Rh项目主管Rbyn Barlw说，“这是一件了不起的事情。他救了数百万婴儿”。故划线句子“I cry just thinking abut it”是说罗宾•巴洛为詹姆斯的献血而感动。分析选项可知C项（哈里森的捐款感动了罗宾·巴洛）符合题意，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“They had already extended the age limit fr bld dnatins fr him, and they’re cutting him ff nw t prtect his health.”可知，的医生说应该让詹姆斯·哈里森停止献血了。他们已经延长了他献血的年龄限制，现在为了保护他的健康，他们正在切断他的血液供应。最后一段“Harrisn’s retirement is a blw t the Rh treatment prgram in Australia. Only 160 dnrs supprt the prgram, and finding new dnrs has prven t be difficult. But Harrisn’s retirement frm giving bld desn’t mean he’s cmpletely ut f the game. Scientists are cllecting and catalging his DNA t create a library f antibdies and white bld cells that culd be the future f the anti-D prgram in Australia.” 詹姆斯·哈里森退休对澳大利亚的Rh治疗计划是一个打击。只有160名捐赠者支持这项计划，找到新的献血者是很困难的。但詹姆斯•哈里森退出献血并不意味着他完全退出了比赛。科学家们正在收集和编目他的DNA，以建立一个抗体和白细胞库，这可能是澳大利亚抗D计划的未来。由此可推断出詹姆斯•哈里森退出这个项目，但却促进了科学家收集和编目他的DNA，将要建立一个抗D和白细胞库。由此可推断出哈里森退休后对Rh项目还有影响。分析选项可知C项（哈里森退休后对Rh项目的影响仍然存在）符合题意，故选C。
4．推理判断题。本文主要叙述是Harrisn因别人的献血挽救了自己的生命，因此决定18岁以后自己也参与献血。60年里他献血近1200次，他自然产生RH阴性血，其中含有RH阳性抗体，拯救了数百万婴儿。他的献血精神就是一种奉献精神，挽救了许多人，更感动了许多。文章中献血（即对他人的奉献精神）一词，贯穿全文。分析选项A. Patient.耐心的；B. Diligent. 勤奋的； C. Talented. 天才的；D. Devted.奉献精神的。故选D。
【点睛】在阅读中我们经常会考查猜测词句题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。运用逻辑推理猜测词句是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式，这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各种已知信息）并结合具体的语境推测、判断某些词或短语的词义。例如第2小题词句猜测题。根据划线部分的上句“Every bttle f anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Rbyn Barlw, the Rh prgram directr tld the Sydney Mrning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millins f babies...” 罗宾说“澳大利亚生产的每一瓶抗-D药物都含有詹姆斯的捐献，”Rh项目主管Rbyn Barlw告诉悉尼先驱晨报说。“这是一件了不起的事情。他救了数百万婴儿”。故划线句子“I cry just thinking abut it”是说罗宾•巴洛为詹姆斯的献血而感动。分析选项可知C项（哈里森的捐款感动了罗宾•巴洛）符合题意，故选C。
二
（2023秋·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学校考期末）Once a circle missed a wedge (楔子). The circle wanted t be whle, s it went arund lking fr its missing piece. But because it was incmplete and therefre culd rll nly very slwly, it admired the flwers alng the way. It chatted with wrms. It enjyed the sunshine. Finally it fund a piece that fit perfectly. It was s happy. Nw that it was a perfect circle, it culd rll very fast, t fast t ntice flwers r talk t the wrms. When it realized hw different the wrld seemed when it rlled s quickly, it stpped, left its fund piece by the side f the rad and rlled slwly away.
In sme strange sense we are mre whle when we are missing smething. The man wh has everything is in sme ways a pr man. He will never knw what it feels like t yearn, t hpe, t nurish(滋润) his sul with the dream f smething better. He will never knw the experience f having smene wh lves him give him smething he has always wanted r never had.
There is whleness abut the persn wh has cme t terms with his limitatins, wh has been brave enugh t let g f his unrealistic dreams and des nt feel like a failure fr ding s. There is whleness abut the man r wman wh has learned that he r she is strng enugh t g thrugh a tragedy(悲剧) and survive — he r she can lse smene and still feel like a cmplete persn.
Life is mre like a baseball seasn, when even the best team lses ne third f its games and even the wrst team has its days f brilliance. Our gal is t win mre games than we lse. When we accept that imperfectin is part f being human, and when we can cntinue rlling thrugh life and appreciate it, we will have achieved whleness that thers can nly lng fr.
5．Which may be an example f being whle?
A．A persn has everything.
B．A persn accepts his r her limitatins.
C．A persn lves smene and is lved.
D．A persn feels blue fr drpping unrealistic gals.
6．Hw is a baseball seasn similar t life?
A．Easy cme, easy g.
B．Failure is the mther f success.
C．Energy and persistence cnquer all things.
D．Sme battles yu win and sme battles yu lse.
7．Hw des the authr clarify his idea?
A．Mainly by cmparing.
B．Mainly by reasning.
C．Mainly by infrming.
D．Mainly by arguing.
8．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Pursue perfectin in life
B．Be whle in life
C．Life withut mistakes is whle
D．N pains, n gains
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章以一个小故事引出话题——人生不在于完美, 而在于完整。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段There is whleness abut the persn wh has cme t terms with his limitatins, wh has been brave enugh t let g f his unrealistic dreams and des nt feel like a failure fr ding s.（人生的完整性在于一个人知道如何面对他的缺陷，如何勇敢地摒弃那些不现实的幻想而又不以此为缺憾）可知一个人接受他或她的缺陷，可能是“完整”的例子。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段Life is mre like a baseball seasn, when even the best team lses ne third f its games and even the wrst team has its days f brilliance. Our gal is t win mre games than we lse. （人生更像是一个棒球赛季，即使最好的球队也会输掉三分之一的比赛，而最差的球队也有春风得意的时候。我们的目标是赢的比赛比输的多）可知棒球赛季和生活的相似之处在于你有输有赢。故选D。
7．推理判断题。第二段内容(人生“完美”的人)和第三段内容(人生完整的人)作对比; 最后一段又拿baseball seasn和life作比较, 因此作者主要是通过作对比和作比较的方法来澄清他的观点的。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。本文作者通过圆和楔子的小故事感悟出这样的道理:从某种奇怪的意义上讲,当我们失去某些东西的时候,我们反而会更加完整,人生不在于完美而在于完整。因此不管是从故事内容还是从其诠释的人生哲理上，B项“完整的生命”作标题是最佳的。故选B。
三
（2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测）It’s easy t assume that a vacatin t Bali will cst a small frtune. There are plenty f accmmdatins, fd and lcal transprtatin, and even the spas ffer massages and treatments at value prices. Hwever, yu can easily spend a week r tw in Bali fr under $2,000, withut having t sleep n the beach. Here are a few things t cnsider when planning Bali n a budget.
What is the best time t visit Bali n a budget?
If yu’re n a budget, cnsider visiting Bali during the lwer, wetter seasn, which runs frm Octber thrugh March. The crwds will be fewer, and bth htel rates and flights frm abrad are ften cheaper, except during the hliday perid between mid-December and early January, when crwds swell. The nly trade-ff fr the lwer prices is the wet seasn. This time f year isn’t always ideal fr sunbathing, and serius rainfall can make utdr activities, such as whitewater rafting and visiting waterfalls and rice terraces, less than appealing. That said, even during rainy seasn, it desn’t usually rain all day lng. Expect bursts f sunshine between the strms.
What is the cheapest way t get arund Bali?
The abslute cheapest way t get arund Bali is by lcal bus, but it can take a lng time. There are als turist buses, including hp-n, hp-ff ptins, that travel between different hubs acrss the island. Bali is well-served by taxis, bth f the car and mtrbike variety, and the prices tend t be affrdable by internatinal standards. Mst drivers will ffer yu a fixed rate fr full-day hires r t get frm pint A t pint B, rather than using a meter.
Remember t bargain; ding s is particularly easy when a driver is n his wn rather than at a taxi stand.
Hw much des fd cst in Bali?
If yu’re int fine dining, yu can end up spending a large chunk f yur budget n fd. Eating at the average restaurant geared twards turists is the best way t have a meal in Bali n a budget. A gd meal shuld cst yu arund 100,000 rupiah (arund $7), but if yu’re willing t subsist mstly ff f lcal specialties such as nasi greng (fried rice) and eat at lcal restaurants, yu can expect t pay arund 30,000 rupiah ($2) t get fed. Best f all, mst htels and guesthuses in Bali cme with free breakfast, and many ffer heavier ptins f ndles and meat that may keep yu full until lunch.
9．Which f the fllwing situatin can be best described by the underlined wrd trade-ff in paragraph 2?
A．Jack gt a reward after he returned the lst bag t its wner.
B．Lily spent much mney buying sme handicrafts at the lcal fair.
C．Wendy cancelled her trip in rder t prevent the spread f the virus.
D．Sam was sclded by his parents fr what he did in schl last night.
10．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．It’s better fr utdr enthusiasts t visit Bali during the ff seasn.
B．Passengers had better fix the price with drivers befre the taxi pulls ut frm the statin.
C．If n a tight budget, ne is advised t visit Bali at the end f December every year.
D．It’s relatively ecnmical t eat merely at average restaurants tailred t visitrs.
11．In which clumn f a magazine can yu mst prbably find this passage?
A．City and Transprt.B．Travel and Recreatin.
C．Nature and Envirnment.D．Fd and Health.
【答案】9．C 10．D 11．B
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个去巴厘岛度假省钱的办法。
9．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“This time f year isn’t always ideal fr sunbathing, and serius rainfall can make utdr activities, such as whitewater rafting and visiting waterfalls and rice terraces, less than appealing.(每年的这个时候并不总是日光浴的理想时间，而且严重的降雨会使户外活动，如漂流、参观瀑布和梯田，没有吸引力)”可知，价格下降的原因是雨季这一代价。划线词意为“代价”。故C选项“为了防止病毒的传播，温迪取消了她的旅行”最能描述画线词，温迪以失去旅行为代价，换取防止病毒传播。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Eating at the average restaurant geared twards turists is the best way t have a meal in Bali n a budget.(要想在巴厘岛省钱，在一家面向游客的普通餐厅吃饭是最好的办法)”结合选项可知，在为游客量身定制的普通餐厅吃饭相对经济省钱。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s easy t assume that a vacatin t Bali will cst a small frtune. There are plenty f accmmdatins, fd and lcal transprtatin, and even the spas ffer massages and treatments at value prices. Hwever, yu can easily spend a week r tw in Bali fr under $2,000, withut having t sleep n the beach. Here are a few things t cnsider when planning Bali n a budget.(人们很容易认为去巴厘岛度假会花一大笔钱。这里有充足的住宿，食物和当地交通，甚至水疗中心提供合理价位的按摩和治疗。然而，你也可以花不到2000美元在巴厘岛度过一两个星期，甚至不用在海滩上睡觉。以下是在规划巴厘岛预算时需要考虑的一些事情)”结合文章主要介绍了三个去巴厘岛度假省钱的办法。可推知，你最可能在杂志的“旅游和娱乐”专栏里找到这篇文章。故选B。
四
（2023秋·浙江·高三校联考开学考试）In recent years, China has witnessed the grwth f luxury (奢侈品) brands. In this market, Chinese cnsumers are nw the largest spenders. It’s clear that a new generatin f yung, materialistic peple is increasingly relying n luxury brands t imprve its self-image.
I am a fashinist t, at least in spirit—I lve t lk at clthes and shes. But I dn’t understand why peple spend lts f mney n designer labels.
When a yung wman buys a handbag that csts tw mnths f her salary, that’s a scary thing.
What’s interesting is that scientists have fund that having luxury things desn’t lead t happiness.
Study after study has shwn that althugh we want material things, when we get them we dn’t suddenly becme “happy” peple. In fact, a series f studies by Leaf Van Bven at the University f Clrad, US, has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things. That’s because experiences are mre easily cmbined with a persn’s identity. If I travel t Yunnan, that adventure affects hw I think in the future. My memries becme a part f me.
Mrever, as Van Bven has bserved, yung peple wh pursue happiness thrugh “things” are liked less by their peers. Peple prefer thse wh pursue happiness thrugh experiences.
It’s natural t want t express yurself thrugh yur appearance. S my advice is: create a lk that isn’t tied t a designer label. Cnvey yur wn message. Take sme lessns frm the late Apple c-funder Steve Jbs. He was always in Levis jeans and a black turtleneck. Mark Zuckerberg, funder f Facebk, rutinely appears in hdies and sneakers. These peple, successful peple, have style. Yu dn’t have t break the bank t send a message abut wh yu are.
Take a trip. G ut int the wrld. Then cme back and cnfidently create yur wn signature lk.
12．What can we infer frm the first three paragraphs?
A．The authr enjys buying luxury brands herself.
B．The authr agrees t spend mney n material things.
C．The authr is critical f yuths tying their lks t designer labels.
D．The authr finds it natural fr fashinists t fllw fashin trends.
13．Leaf Van Bven’s studies shwed that ________.
A．traveling changes a persn’s identity greatly
B．peple dislike thse wh lve luxuries
C．experiences can bring peple mre happiness than luxuries
D．luxuries have a negative effect n peple’s happiness
14．What is the authr’s advice n expressing neself?
A．Be selective abut designer labels.
B．Create yur wn persnal unique style.
C．Chse styles that are simple and cmfrtable.
D．Try styles like Mark Zuckerberg’s.
15．The main purpse f the article is t ______.
A．persuade readers t invest in experiences instead f luxuries
B．prve hw luxury leads t an unpleasant life
C．tell hw t express yurself thrugh appearances
D．reprt n a series f studies abut luxuries and happiness
【答案】12．C 13．C 14．B 15．A
【分析】这是一篇议论文，文章主要介绍了青年人越来越依赖奢侈品来提升个人形象。这是很可怕的事情。我们应该出去旅行，去世界各地看一看，多体验多经历，自信来自于眼界。
12．推理判断题。根据前三段的内容，以及When a yung wman buys a handbag that csts tw mnths f her salary, that’s a scary thing.可知，青年人越来越依赖奢侈品来提升个人形象。这是很可怕的事情，说明作者在批评这些年轻人，故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段中In fact, a series f studies by Leaf Van Bven at the University f Clrad, US, has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things.可知，Leaf Van Bven研究表明旅行和类似经历比奢侈品更能给人带来更多快乐。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中It’s natural t want t express yurself thrugh yur appearance. S my advice is: create a lk that isn’t tied t a designer label. These peple, successful peple, have style.可知，作者建议我们创造独特唯一的风格。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中In fact, a series f studies by Leaf Van Bven at the University f Clrad, US, has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things可知，作者的写作目的是通过Leaf Van Bven研究劝告公众不要依赖奢侈品而要通过经历来提升个人形象。故选A。
【点睛】4. 解题剖析：此题属于推理判断题中的（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) t entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) t persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章。3) t infrm readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。
答案需要从文章Leaf Van Bven研究劝告公众不要依赖奢侈品而要通过经历来提升个人形象。进行推断。
答案定位：根据文章Leaf Van Bven研究结果可知，文章劝告公众不要依赖奢侈品而要通过经历来提升个人形象。
推理关系：题干The main purpse f the article is t.☞文章内容has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things
答案：spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things.☞A选项persuade readers t invest in experiences instead f luxuries
五
（2023秋·山东青岛·高三统考期末）In life，nce n a path，we tend t fllw it，fr better r wrse.What's sad is that even if it's the latter，we ften accept it anyway because we are s used t the way things are that wed dn't even recgnize that they culd be different This is a phenmenn psychlgist call functinal fixedness.
This classic experiment will give yu an idea f hw it wrks and a sense f whether yu may have fallen int the same trap: Peple are given a bx f tacks (大头钉) and sme matches and asked t find a way t attach a candle t a wall s that it burns prperly.
Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle t the wall r lighting it t fix it with melted wax. The psychlgists had, f curse, arranged it s that neither f these bvius appraches wuld wrk. The tacks are t shrt, and the paraffin (石蜡) desn't stick t the wall. S hw can yu cmplete the task? The successful technique is t use the tack bx as a candle-hlder. Yu empty it, tack it t the wall. and stand the candle inside it. T think f that, yu have t lk beynd the bx's usual rle as a receptacle just fr tacks and re-imagine it serving an entirely new purpse. That is difficult because we all suffer t ne degree r anther frm functinal fixedness.
The inability t think in new ways affects peple in every crner f sciety. The plitical therist Hannah Arendt cined the phrase“frzen thughts”t describe deeply held ideas that we n lnger questin but shuld. In Arendt's eyes, the self- cntent reliance n such accepted “truths”als made peple blind t ideas that didn't fit their wrldview, even when there was plenty f evidence fr them.
Frzen thinking has nthing t d with intelligence, she said,“It can be fund in highly intelligent peple.”
16．What des the underlined wrd“it”in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The experiment.B．Functinal fixedness.
C．The path.D．The thinking.
17．Which way is hard t think f t cmplete the task?
A．Tacking the candle t the wall.
B．Fixing the candle with melted wax.
C．Using the tack bx as a candle-hlder.
D．Lighting the candle t stand it.
18．Which f the fllwing statements will Hannah Arendt agree with?
A．Peple shuld questin.
B．We shuld be used t the way things are.
C．Peple shuldn't accept the idea that desn't fit their wrldview.
D．The smarter peple are，the mre pen t the new things they are.
19．What's the passage mainly abut?
A．An interesting experiment
B．A psychlgical phenmenn.
C．A thery t be prved.
D．The pinin f Hannah Arendt.
【答案】16．B 17．C 18．A 19．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象的实验。
16．代词指代题。根据前一句This is a phenmenn psychlgist call functinal fixedness.可知这是一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。根据划线词所在句子This classic experiment will give yu an idea f hw it wrks and a sense f whether yu may have fallen int the same trap:可知这个经典的实验将让你了解它是如何起作用的，还会让你知道你是否会掉入同样的陷阱。结合上文可知这里的it就是前文的“(functinal fixedness)功能固着”，故选B项。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段中的The successful technique is t use the tack bx as a candle-hlder. functinal fixedness.可知成功实现的方法就是把钉盒用作烛台。你需要把盒子清空，把它钉在墙上，然后把蜡烛放在里面。要考虑到这一点，你必须超越盒子通常的作用，不再把它看作是一个仅仅是为了图钉而设计的盒子，而是把它重新想象成一个有全新的用途的工具。这是困难的，因为我们都或多或少地承受着功能固着的痛苦。也就是说把钉盒用作烛台这个方法是很难想到的。故选C项。
18．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The plitical therist Hannah Arendt cined the phrase…als made peple blind t ideas that didn't fit their wrldview, even when there was plenty f evidence fr them.”可知政治理论家汉娜·阿伦特创造了“冻结思维”一词，它用来描述我们不再质疑、但应该质疑的根深蒂固的想法。阿伦特认为，自满的依赖这些公认的事实使人们对不符合他们世界观的想法视而不见，即使有足够的证据支持这些想法。由此可以推断汉娜·阿伦特会赞同“人们需要质疑”这个想法。故选A项。
19．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出存在着一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。后几段介绍了一个经典实验让读者了解功能固着这种心理现象是如何起作用的，最后介绍了汉娜·阿伦特创造了“冻结思维”一词，用来描述我们不再质疑、但应该质疑的根深蒂固的想法。全文都围绕着功能固着这一心理现象在描写。故选B项。
六
（2023秋·山东青岛·高三青岛二中校考期末）Lk at the fllwing timetable and answer questins.
Time Table
20．What is the shrtest time between Bstn and New Yrk by train?
A．5 hurs 35 minutesB．5 hurs 5 minutes
C．4 hurs 25 minutesD．4 hurs 30 minutes
21．On Christmas Day, hw many trains at least will g frm Bstn t New Yrk?
A．TwB．Three
C．FurD．Five
22．Yu are traveling in the 9:10 AM train. In Midway yu get ff and stay there fr an hur. If yu want t get t New Yrk befre dark, which train frm Bstn shuld yu change?
A．The 1:15 PM train.B．The 5:20 PM train.
C．The 3:40 PM train.D．The 10:10 AM train.
【答案】20．D 21．B 22．A
【分析】本文是应用文，是一份美国波士顿到纽约的列车时刻表。
20．推理判断题。根据Lv.(Leave) Bstn 中1:15 PM Daily和Ar. New Yrk 中5:45 PM，得知下午1:15从波士顿出发，下午5:45到纽约，在所有列车中花费时间最短，4小时30分。故选D。
21．细节理解题。至少有3趟列车是Daily每日通行的列车，因此判断出在圣诞节至少有3趟列车从波士顿开往纽约。故选B。
22．推理判断题。题中要求是9:10 AM 从波士顿坐火车出发，在Midway 11:00 AM下车，停留1小时，为了在天黑前赶到纽约，应该乘坐波士顿1:15 PM Daily那班列车，在下午5:45到纽约。其它时间都是晚间到纽约，不符合题目要求。故选A。
七
（2023秋·湖南娄底·高三湖南省新化县第一中学校考期末）One night in March, five years ag, during happy hur at a bar in my hmetwn, I made a surprise annuncement t my friends: I was ging t shut dwn my law practice and attempt t travel arund the glbe in a year. What’s mre, I wuld d it withut taking any flights r making a single advance reservatin f any kind. My annuncement drew mixed reactins frm my friends. Sme ffered supprt and encuragement, while thers were mre dubtful.
Once I’d said the wrds, there was n turning back. It tk mnths t shut dwn my law practice and get things in rder. Once I set ff n my adventure in Octber 2016, I fund that travelling withut using planes was nt easy. Trying t circle the glbe in 16 mnths (it tk me a bit lnger than the initial 12 mnths I planned) made it even tugher. Even s, travelling verland was the mst awe-inspiring way t truly understand the immensity f ur wnderful planet.
I tk three cnsecutive vernight buses t travel 3,000 km thrugh Argentina, frm Ushuaia, the wrld’s suthernmst city, t the capital Buens Aires. I wuld lk ut the windws fr hurs n end at the cmpletely unspiled plains, as if humans had never tuched it.
It tk seven cnsecutive days and nights n trains t get frm Mscw t Beijing, each day spent gazing ut the windws fr hurs as the West Siberian Plain swept by. Smetimes, I wuldn’t see a village r a human being fr 10 hurs. Later in my jurney, it tk 22 days n a carg freighter t get frm New Zealand thrugh the Panama Canal and back t Philadelphia, t finish my rund-the-wrld adventure.
It turned ut that travelling with n reservatins was far less difficult than I had imagined. Pulling int a city n a bus with a backpack, lking in a guidebk fr a few suggestins f accmmdatins, and then finding an empty rm was never much f a prblem anywhere. It als kept me flexible and pen abut all my travel plans, which is advice I give everyne wh asks—plan far less than yu think yu shuld.
23．The authr’s trip was special in that .
A．he made it at the expense f giving up his jbB．it hardly cst him anything
C．he did nt make advance bking r travel by airD．it was a glbal trip
24．The authr mst prbably returned t the United States in .
A．June 2017B．December 2018
C．Octber 2017D．February 2018
25．What’s the crrect rder f the places that the authr travelled t?
①Mscw ②Philadelphia ③New Zealand ④Ushuaia ⑤Beijing ⑥Buens
A．⑤④①⑥③②B．④⑥①⑤③②
C．④⑤①⑥③②D．⑤①⑥④③②
26．What des the authr think f his arund-the-wrld tur?
A．challenging but pleasingB．dangerus but wnderful
C．bring and disappintingD．cstly and painful
【答案】23．C 24．D 25．B 26．A
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在没有任何计划的前提下进行了环球旅行，结果证明毫无准备地旅行比想象的要容易得多。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What’s mre, I wuld d it withut taking any flights r making a single advance reservatin f any kind.(此外，我也不会乘坐任何航班，也不会提前预订任何种类的机票)”可知，作者旅行的特别之处是没有提前预定，也没有坐飞机。故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Once I set ff n my adventure in Octber 2016, I fund that travelling withut using planes was nt easy. Trying t circle the glbe in 16 mnths (it tk me a bit lnger than the initial 12 mnths I planned) made it even tugher.(当我在2016年10月开始我的冒险之旅时，我发现不使用飞机旅行并不容易。试着在16个月内绕地球一周〔这比我最初计划的12个月要长一些〕让事情变得更加困难)”由此可知，作者2016年10月出发，16个月后返回，即作者最有可能在2018年2月回到美国。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“I tk three cnsecutive vernight buses t travel 3,000 km thrugh Argentina, frm Ushuaia, the wrld’s suthernmst city, t the capital Buens Aires. (我连续乘坐了三趟通宵巴士，从世界最南端的城市乌斯怀亚到首都布宜诺斯艾利斯，穿越阿根廷3000公里)”、第四段第一句“It tk seven cnsecutive days and nights n trains t get frm Mscw t Beijing (从莫斯科到北京坐了连续七天的火车)”及第四段最后一句“Later in my jurney, it tk 22 days n a carg freighter t get frm New Zealand thrugh the Panama Canal and back t Philadelphia, t finish my rund-the-wrld adventure. (在我后来的旅程中，我用了22天的时间乘坐货轮从新西兰穿过巴拿马运河回到费城，完成了我的环球冒险)”可知，作者的旅行路线是乌斯怀亚，布宜诺斯艾利斯，莫斯科，北京，新西兰，费城。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I fund travelling withut using planes was nt easy.”可知，作者在2008年12月开始他的冒险之旅时，他发现不坐飞机旅行并不容易；结合最后一段中“It turned ut that travelling with n reservatins was far less difficult than had imagined. Pulling int a city n a bus with a backpack, lking in a guidebk fr a few suggestins f accmmdatins, and then finding an empty rm was never much f a prblem anywhere.(没有计划的旅行远没有想象中那么困难，带着背包坐公交车进城，在旅游指南上寻找一些住宿建议，然后找到一个住处在任何地方都不是什么大问题)”可推知，作者的态度是积极的，认为虽然旅行有一定挑战性，但总体上是愉快的。故选A。
八
（2023·湖北武汉·武汉市黄陂区第一中学校考模拟预测）What limits yu frm hiking mre ften? Many cmplain that they dn't have a suitable partner t g with. Why nt take a lk at the great hiking clubs acrss Canada?
• Yukn Outdrs Club
Website: yuknutdrsclub.ca
Membership cst: $10 fr a single membership; $15 fr a family membership
Descriptin: The club arranges day hikes, backpacking trips, cane trips, muntain biking, crss-cuntry skiing trips, snwsheing trips and varius wrkshps fr members t gain new skills and valuable infrmatin.
• UBC Varsity Outdr Club
Website: ubc-vc.cm
Membership cst: Students $40； nn-UBC students $60
Descriptin: The UBC Varsity Outdr Club is a scial grup that hikes, muntaineers, rck climbs and ice climbs. Travel and utdr-minded UBC students and nn-students are welcme t jin. The UBC VOC has als cnstructed a few backcuntry cttages in the Cast Muntains.
• Pender Harbr Hiking Grup
Website: penderharburhiking.weebly. Cm
Membership cst: Free.
Descriptin: The Pender Harbr Hiking Grup ffers hikes scheduled tw mnths in advance, s get n the mailing list r check the website regularly t find a hike that's right fr yu! Hikes are usually ne and a half t tw hurs lng, but sme full-day hikes are scheduled, depending n members, interest.
• Vernn Outdrs Club
Website: vernnutdrsclub. Org
Membership cst: A single membership is $25, and students pay $10, Children are free.
Descriptin: Basting a membership f clse t 200 peple, the Vernn Outdrs Club is an active grup that enjys hiking and cycling. The grup rganizes a Tuesday Rambles event each week and als hsts multi-day trips.
27．Which club has built remte shelters fr hikers?
A．The Yukn Outdrs Club.
B．The Vernn Outdrs Club.
C．The UBC Varsity Outdr Club.
D．The Pender Harbr Hiking Grup.
28．What shuld yu d if yu hpe t hike with the Pender Harbur Hiking Grup?
A．Make a prper appintment.
B．Fllw the website r the mail.
C．Develp yur interest in hiking.
D．Arrange tw mnths ahead f time.
29．What d the fur clubs have in cmmn?
A．Bking in advance.
B．Charging membership fee.
C．Prviding skill wrkshps.
D．Organizing hiking activities.
【答案】27．C 28．B 29．D
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可以提供徒步旅行的俱乐部。
27．细节理解题。由文中第二部分UBC Varsity Outdr Club 介绍中“The UBC VOC has als cnstructed a few backcuntry cttages in the Cast Muntains.（UBC VOC在海岸山脉还建造了一些偏僻的村舍。）可知，只有UBC Varsity Outdr Club提到了为远足者建设了偏远的村舍。故选C项。
28．细节理解题。由第三部分Pender Harbr Hiking Grup中“The Pender Harbr Hiking Grup ffers hikes scheduled tw mnths in advance, s get n the mailing list r check the website regularly t find a hike that's right fr yu!”（Pender Harbr远足小组提供提前两个月安排的远足，因此，请进入邮件列表或定期检查网站，以找到适合您的远足！）可知，该俱乐部的远足安排要关注网站或邮件，故选B项。
29．推理判断题。由文中Pender Harbr Hiking Grup介绍中“Descriptin: The Pender Harbr Hiking Grup ffers hikes scheduled tw mnths in advance.”（ Pender Harbr远足小组提供提前两个月安排的远足）所以可推知是要提前订票安排的。 A项“Bking in advance.”（提前预定）可知文中并没有提到所有活动都要提前订票。同时该俱乐部介绍中“Membership cst: Free.”（会员费：免费）可知不收取会员费用，故B项“Charging membership fee.”（收取会员费）不对。 文中Yukn Outdrs Club介绍中提到“Descriptin: The club arranges day hikes, backpacking trips, cane trips, muntain biking, crss-cuntry skiing trips, snwsheing trips and varius wrkshps fr members t gain new skills and valuable. infrmatin.”（描述：俱乐部安排一日远足，背包旅行，独木舟旅行，山地自行车，越野滑雪旅行，雪鞋旅行和各种工作坊，供会员获得新技能和宝贵信息。）可知提到了获取技能。其他俱乐部未提及。故C项“Prviding skill wrkshps”（提供技能作坊）不对。根据• UBC Varsity Outdr Club中的“Descriptin: The UBC Varsity Outdr Club is a scial grup that hikes, muntaineers, rck climbs and ice climbs. ”描述:UBC Varsity户外俱乐部是一个社会团体，包括远足、登山、攀岩和攀冰。根据• Vernn Outdrs Club中的“Descriptin: Basting a membership f clse t 200 peple, the Vernn Outdrs Club is an active grup that enjys hiking and cycling.”描述:拥有近200名会员，弗农户外俱乐部是一个活跃的团体，喜欢徒步旅行和骑自行车。由此可知，四个俱乐部都组织徒步活动。故选D项。
九
（2023秋·湖北·高三校联考期中）Things t d in Cab Crrientes, Jalisc, MexIc！
◆ Rhythms f the Night-Sunset Cruise(乘船游览)
Duratin: 5 hrs
Kick ff the evening with a scenic cruise acrss Banderas Bay t Las Caletas. Las Caletas, nce hme t a Hllywd mvie directr Jhn Hustn, ffers frnt-rw sunset seats, and dinner tables just steps away frm the water. The buffet-style menu ffers a wide variety f chices. Watch the lively perfrmance f ancient ceremnies and be lst in histrical stries abut Jalisc. Yu must be able t climb and g dwn stairs.
◆ Sayulita Escape
Duratin: 3 hrs
Hp n a pwerful UTV(utility task vehicle) t explre Sayulita, a nice beach twn nt far frm Vallarta. Ride ver muddy rads and a riverbed t reach the small cmmunity famus fr its relaxing atmsphere. Sn after hitting the main rad, yur guide turns nt ne f the dusty frest paths. When yu are ready, a picnic lunch, an pen bar, and a knwledgeable crew await yur return t the ship. Wheelchair accessibility is available.
◆ Las Caletas Beach Hideaway
Duratin: 7 hrs
The use f kayaks(独木舟)and stand-up paddlebards is all available, as well as a scenic nature walk and admissin t Kids Adventure Park fr the yung nes. Yu can even swim ut t an ffshre platfrm t practice yur diving skills. Wheelchair accessibility is nt available.
◆Street Fd and Tac Tur in Puert vallarta
Duratin: 6hrs 30mins
Enjy a feast f lcal flavrs in ur fd and tacs-tasting tur. Discver Puert Vallarta's best flavrs t the lcals'eye. Learn abut the lcal culture and life, while yu eat where the lcals d with their belved nes. Wheelchair accessibility is nt avaliable.
30．What can turists d n the tur Rhythms f the Night-Sunset Cruise?
A．Enjy free dinners.
B．Cme acrss the mvie directr Jhn Hustn.
C．Learn abut the histry f Jalisc.
D．Watch the scenic sunrise.
31．Hw des the tur Sayulita Escape differ frm the ther nes?
A．It includes a licensed guide.
B．It is mre friendly t the disabled.
C．It ffers varius water event.
D．It has adventurus rutes.
32．Which tur suits families with kids?
A．Las Caletas Beach Hideaway.
B．Sayulita Escape.
C．Rhythms f the Night-Sunset Cruise.
D．Street Fd and Tac Tur in Puert Vallarta.
【答案】30．C 31．B 32．A
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了墨西哥一座城市的几个旅游项目。
30．细节理解题。根据第一部分倒数第二句“Watch the lively perfrmance f ancient ceremnies and be lst in histrical stries abut Jalisc.”可知，在这段乘船旅程中，人们可以欣赏到有关Jalisc的历史故事，也就是能了解到其历史。故选C项。
31．细节理解题。根据第二部分最后一句“Wheelchair accessibility is available.”可知，这一旅程中是可以使用轮椅的，而其他项目中都明确说明了不能使用轮椅（第一部分指出要上下楼梯也不行）。故选B项。
32．推理判断题。根据第三部分“The use f kayaks(独木舟)and stand-up paddlebards is all available, as well as a scenic nature walk and admissin t Kids Adventure Park fr the yung nes.”可知，该项目也给孩子提供相应的游玩地点，比较适合父母带孩子一起参加。故选A项。
十
（2023秋·广东江门·高三江门市新会第一中学校考开学考试）Vide calls are a cmmn ccurrence, but have yu imagined being able t tuch the persn n the ther end f the line? Scientists are making this a reality.
Researchers at the University f New Suth Wales, Australia, have invented a sft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic (触觉的) device that can recreate the sense f tuch. Haptic technlgy mimics (模仿) the experience f tuch by stimulating small areas f the skin in ways that are similar t what is felt in the real wrld, thrugh frce, vibratin (震动) r mtin.
Vibratin is the mst cmmn haptic technlgy tday and has been built int many electrnic devices, such as ne attached t the back f a trackpad (触控板) in laptps, which mimics a buttn clicking. Hwever, haptic feedback with vibratin becmes less sensitive when used cntinuusly. The existing technlgy als has great difficulty recreating the sense f tuch with bjects in virtual envirnments r lcated remtely, accrding t Mai Thanh Thai, lead authr f the study.
The new technlgy vercmes issues with existing haptic devices. The research team intrduced a nvel methd t recreate the sense f tuch thrugh sft, artificial “muscles”.
“Our three-way directinal skin stretch device, built int the fingertips f the wearable haptic glve we als created, is like wearing a secnd skin — it’s sft, stretchable and mimics the sense f tuch — and will enable new frms f haptic cmmunicatin t enhance everyday activities,” said Thanh Nh D, senir authr f the study.
It wrks like this: Imagine yu are at hme and yu call yur friend wh is in Australia. Yu wear a haptic glve with the SSDs and yur friend als wears a glve with integrated (集成的) 3D frce sensrs. If yur friend picks up an bject, it will physically press against yur friend’s fingers. And his/her glve with 3D frce sensrs will measure these interactins. The frce signals can be sent t yur glve s yur device will generate the same 3D frces, making yu experience the same sense f tuch as yur friend.
The haptic devices culd be applied in varius scenaris, allwing users t feel bjects inside a virtual wrld r at a distance. This culd be especially beneficial during such times like the COVID-19 pandemic when peple rely n vide calls t stay cnnected with lved nes. Or it culd be used in medical practices. Dctrs can feel a patient’s rgan tissues with surgical tls withut tuching them.
33．What’s the main purpse f the text?
A．T encurage the use f a new prduct.
B．T infrm readers f a new inventin.
C．T cmpare different haptic devices.
D．T intrduce the develpment f haptic technlgy.
34．What can we learn abut the SSD?
A．It mimics the sense f tuch thrugh a trackpad.
B．It mainly uses vibratin technlgy.
C．It takes the shape f a glve.
D．It makes virtual haptic cmmunicatin pssible.
35．What des Paragraph 6 mainly talk abut?
A．The advantages f the new haptic glve.
B．The applicatins f the new haptic technlgy.
C．An explanatin f hw the haptic device wrks.
D．A persnal experience f using SSDs during a vide call.
36．Hw culd the new haptic device benefit peple?
A．It culd replace vide calls as a way t cmmunicate.
B．it culd be used fr recreating rgan tissues.
C．Dctrs culd perfrm surgeries at nce.
D．Users culd feel remte bjects in a realistic way.
【答案】33．B 34．D 35．C 36．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家正在使视频通话能够触碰到电话另一端的人成为现实。这一项技术将会利用在方方面面，造福于人类。
33．推理判断题。第二段第一句“Researchers at the University f New Suth Wales, Australia, have invented a sft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic (触觉的) device that can recreate the sense f tuch.”提到，澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员发明了一种柔软皮肤拉伸设备，这是一种可以重现触觉的触觉设备，下文讲述了该设备的工作原理和应用，所以本文的目的是介绍一项发明。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Scientists are making this a reality.”及第二段第一句“Researchers at the University f New Suth Wales, Australia, have invented a sft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic(触觉的) device that can recreate the sense f tuch.(澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员发明了一种柔软皮肤拉伸设备(SSD)，这是一种可以重现触觉的触觉设备。)”可知，SSD可使虚拟触觉通信成为可能。故选D项。
35．段落大意题。根据第六段中“It wrks like this:”可知，这段主要是解释触觉设备的工作原理。故选C项。
36．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“The haptic devices culd be applied in varius scenaris, allwing users t feel bjects inside a virtual wrld r at a distance.”可知，触觉设备可以应用在各种场景中，允许用户感受虚拟世界中的物体或者远距离的物体。故选D项。
试卷类型
年份
篇序
体裁
话题
题量
新高考I卷
2023
B
记叙文
生态设计
2
C
说明文
数字机简主义
2
D
议论文
集体商议的智慧
1
新高考II卷
2023
B
记叙文
学小菜园项目
1
C
说明文
阅读艺术
2
D
说明文
人类与大自然互动
2
新高考I卷
2022
A
应用文
评分原则
1
B
议论文
不要浪费食物
2
C
新闻报道
让养老院的老人养鸡
1
D
说明文
语音演变
1
新高考II卷
2022
A
应用文
儿童博物馆团体游
1
B
夹叙夹议
孙子误把儿童读物当平板电脑
2
C
说明文
科学技术
1
D
说明文
锻炼对心脏的好处
1
新高考I卷
2021
B
记叙文
翻乐谱的男子Rbert Titterman
1
新高考II卷
2021
B
夹叙夹议
照顾两只幼虎
1
C
说明文
推动艺术教育的发展
1
Lv.(Leave) Bstn
Ar.(Arrive) Midway
Ar. New Yrk
5:00 AM Ex.(Except) Sun.
7:10 AM Daily
9:10 AM Ex. Sat. & Sun.
10:00 AM Ex. Hl.(Hliday)
1:15 PM Daily
3:40 PM Ex. Hl.
5:20 PM Daily
7:00 AM
9:00 AM
11:00 AM
11:45 AM
3:15 PM
5:40 PM
7:20 PM
10:45 AM
12:45 PM
2:45 PM
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5:45 PM
8:45 PM
9:55 PM
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