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人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration复习练习题
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration复习练习题，共14页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A gd bk abut space can inspire an interest in explring the universe. If yu're hping fr a hliday gift fr yur kids, yu're in the right place.
Margaret and the Mn
Age range: 4-8
In Margaret and the Mn, Dean Rbbins utlines the pineering sftware engineer's life, frm the backyard f her childhd hme, where she put frward a millin questins abut the night sky, t the hallways f NASA, where she led a team frm MIT t develp the nbard flight sftware that wuld land the first men n the mn.
I Am Neil Armstrng
Age range: All ages
In I Am Neil Armstrng, bestselling(畅销的) authr Brad Meltzer shws kids hw Neil Armstrng made it all the way t the mn. Meltzer begins the stry with yung Armstrng trying t climb t the tp f a silver maple tree after falling and getting up. He cntinued this spirit thrughut his career(职业).
Lk Inside Space
Age range: 3 and up
Fr parents f yung kids, Usbrne's prizewinning Lk Inside Space is a must t share the histry and technlgy f space explratin with starry-eyed kids. It explres the histry f human space flights and the basics f stars and planets. It's enjyable t all space fans, but is especially gd fr pre-schl and kindergarten-age kids.
Max Ges t the Space Statin
Age range: All ages
Jeffrey Bennett's tale abut a dg called Max and his adventures t the Internatinal Space Statin isn't nly an accurate lk at what life in space is like. The bk was actually sent int space and jined the statin's library in 2014 as part f the Stry Time frm Space prject. It enables readers t learn all srts f fun facts abut space.
1.What's the text mainly intended t intrduce?
A.Hw t find hliday gifts fr yur kids.
B.Sme kids' space bks fr the hlidays.
C.Hw t inspire kids' interest in the universe.
D.Sme bks abut the theries f the universe.
2.Which bk can inspire a sense f determinatin in readers?
A.Max Ges t the Space Statin.
B.Margaret and the Mn.
C.I Am Neil Armstrng.
D.Lk Inside Space.
3.In which aspect is Max Ges t the Space Statin different frm the ther three bks?
A.It has experienced space travel.
B.It is suitable fr kids f all ages.
C.It is a bigraphy(传记) f an astrnaut.
D.It has wn a prize as a bestseller.
B
The 60-ft-tall rcket tk ff in West Texas, sending a grup f six peple int space and giving them a few minutes f weightlessness befre they landed by parachute(降落伞).
Mst f the passengers paid a secret sum f mney fr their seats. But Katya Echazarreta, an engineer and science cmmunicatr, was selected by a nnprfit rganizatin t jin in this travel frm a pl f thusands f applicants(申请人). The rganizatin's gal is t send great leaders int space and allw them t experience the verview effect, which was reprted by astrnauts wh said that viewing the Earth frm space gave them a great change in their view.
“Lking dwn, yu see everyne is dwn there, all f ur past, all f ur difficulties, everything—everything is there,” Echazarreta said. “When I came back dwn, it just cmpletely strengthened my wish t cntinue enabling peple f different backgrunds t g int space and d whatever they want.”
Echazarreta is the first Mexican-brn wman t travel int space. She mved t the United States with her family at the age f seven. She recalled(回忆起) that she felt uncertain in a new place where she didn't speak the language and that a teacher warned her that she might have t repeat a grade. “It just really fueled me and after that, I just studied harder,” Echazarreta said. Later she became the main breadwinner in her family. Smetimes she had up t fur jbs at the same time, just t try t successfully graduate frm cllege.
She wrked in NASA befre and didn't see ther female engineers like her, which inspired her t ppularize science amng the public. These days, Echazarreta is studying fr her master's degree in engineering at Jhns Hpkins University. She als has mre than 330,000 fans n TikTk, and hsts a science-fcused YuTube series.
4.Why was Echazarreta chsen t travel int space?
A.She made great effrts t set up a nnprfit rganizatin.
B.She supprted the prject with a big sum f mney.
C.She was cnsidered t be an excellent wman.
D.She was an expert in space science.
5.What was in Echazarreta's mind after she returned frm space travel?
A.T make wmen scientists knwn t the public.
B.T share the beauty f space n scial media.
C.T encurage the public t learn science.
D.T help mre peple travel int space.
6.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “fueled” in Paragraph 4?
A.Beat. B.Drve. C.Cnfused. D.Attracted.
7.What kind f persn is prbably Echazarreta?
A.Inspiring and hardwrking.
B.Humrus and utging.
C.Talented and creative.
D.Calm and cnfident.
C
Ah, the graduatin day. Family parties. Student awards. Excited parents busy taking phts. Lim(豪华轿车) rides t the ceremny. All in celebratin f years f hard wrk and the exciting things t cme after primary schl.
Wait, what? Yes, primary schl graduatin ceremnies are becming mre ppular than ever. And at my schl, the sixth grade graduatin is a serius business.
A few weeks befre the sixth grade graduatin, I received a special email frm a parent.
“I wuld like t knw if my by is ging t be the nly kid nt receiving an award n the graduatin day,because I am ging t save him frm the embarrassment and favritism that have been shwn all year and will nt have him at the graduatin.”
Awards are part f the end-f-year excitement at my schl and the hardest thing I have t deal with all year. Picking five ut f furteen students t be called befre the whle schl seems like a heartbreak fr the ther nine. Smene is always ging t be left ut and clearly, the parents feel the pressure.
I chse nt t answer the email, knwing the email was sent under pressure. The by in questin wuld receive an award, nt because f his mther's email, but because f his great achievement.
On the day f the ceremny, that by and fur thers were awarded and they psed(摆好姿势) fr a grup phtgraph in new frmal clthes. I sent my cngratulatins t all the students—withut cnsidering their achievements—n having an excellent year and wished them well at their new schls.
But as anther year's graduatin is cming sn, I'm left feeling uneasy. Nt t take away anything frm my present class f wnderful students as they prepare t head ut t new schls, I believe that such ceremnies shuld be held at the end f high schl and cllege. Is it t much r t sn t celebrate ur children and their achievements?
8.What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A.T attract readers with interesting facts.
B.T give the causes f a prblem.
C.T express the main idea f the text.
D.T shw the imprtance f the tpic.
9.Why did the parent send the authr the email?
A.T ask him t give her sn an award.
B.T cmplain abut hw her sn had been treated.
C.T ask fr sme infrmatin abut the graduatin day.
D.T reprt her sn's pssible absence frm the graduatin.
10.What's the mst difficult thing abut the graduatin ceremny in the authr's mind?
A.Dealing with emails frm parents.
B.Saying gdbye t his students.
C.Deciding wh will receive awards.
D.Freeing his students frm pressure.
11.What's the authr's attitude twards the graduatin ceremny?
A.It is a waste f mney.
B.It is nly meaningful fr cllege graduates.
C.It is nt prper fr primary schl graduates.
D.It is nt a gd way t celebrate students' achievements.
D
A demnstratin missin t test an idea t clean up space debris was launched n Mnday mrning lcal time frm the Baiknur Csmdrme in Kazakhstan. Knwn as ELSA-d, the missin will exhibit technlgy that culd help capture space junk, the millins f pieces f rbital debris that flat abve Earth.
The mre than 8,000 metric tns f debris threaten the lss f services we rely n fr Earth-bund life.
The spacecraft wrks by attempting t attach itself t dead satellites and pushing them tward Earth t burn up in the atmsphere.
ELSA-d, which stands fr End-f-Life Services by Astrscale, will be carried ut by a “servicer satellite” and a “client satellite” launched tgether, accrding t Astrscale, the Japan-based cmpany behind the missin. Using the magnetic dcking technlgy, the servicer satellite will release and try t “date” with the client satellite, which will act as a mdel piece f space junk.
The missin, which will be run frm the U.K., will carry ut this catch and release prcess repeatedly ver the curse f six mnths. The gal is t prve the servicer satellite's ability t track dwn and dck with its target in varying levels f cmplexity.
The spacecraft is nt designed t capture dead satellites already in rbit, but rather future satellites that will be launched with cmpatible dcking plates n them.
Accrding t NASA, cleaning up space and addressing the risks assciated with debris depend n preventing the accumulatin f mre waste and actively remving it.
The develpment f ther cleanup technlgies has been underway fr years. In 2018, a device called RemveDebris successfully cast a net arund a mdel satellite. The Eurpean Space Agency als plans t send a self-destructing rbt int rbit in 2025, which the rganizatin's frmer directr general has referred t as a space “vacuum cleaner”.
These effrts culd prve increasingly imprtant as private space ventures like SpaceX cntinue t fill lw Earth rbit with a “mega-cnstellatin” f satellites.
12.What d we knw abut space junk?
A.It has a ptential effect n ur daily life.
B.It circles the earth alngside satellites.
C.It is what astrnauts desert in uter space.
D.It has been cleaned up several times s far.
13.What des the authr tell us abut ELSA-d in Paragraph 4?
A.Its achievements in space.
B.Its theretical principle.
C.Its tw new satellites.
D.Its space missin in rbit.
14.What's the purpse f designing the spacecraft?
A.T remve existing space junk in rbit.
B.T test the magnetic dcking technlgy.
C.T send astrnauts int space.
D.T capture satellites t be launched.
15.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.ELSA-d's experimental prcess.
B.Dead satellites flating in rbit.
C.New effrt t clean up space junk.
D.The applicatin f the magnetic dcking technlgy.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw is eating in space different frm eating n Earth?
If yu send astrnauts int space, yu have t send fd as well. But what d astrnauts eat, and hw d they eat it? Scientists take several factrs int cnsideratin as they plan meals fr space.
First, nutritin(营养) is pssibly the mst imprtant. 16 Prviding junk fd t eat, such as ptat chips, sdas, and pizza, wuld make the astrnauts unhealthy.
17 If the fd that has been prvided is distasteful, then the astrnauts may avid eating it. If yu've ever tried t cncentrate n smething imprtant while yur stmach desn't feel well, yu'll knw why the scientists in charge f a space missin want their astrnauts t eat regularly.
The lack f gravity in a spacecraft als determines what fd can r cannt be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully s they wn't spill int the cabin (ne f the areas inside a spacecraft). Water r tiny bits f fd culd get inside a machine r electrnic device and damage it. 18 A lse knife buncing(弹起) arund inside the cabin wuld be dangerus.
19 The weight f every bject included in a spacecraft must be calculated(计算) in rder t ensure that there is enugh fuel and pwer t carry the craft safely int space and back hme again. 20 Mst fd is stred in plastic bags, and ften, the fd is dehydrated(使脱水). When an astrnaut is ready t eat, ht water is added t the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much f the fd eaten in space is actually similar t what yu might eat n any given day.
A.Taste is als imprtant.
B.Finally, weight is an imprtant cncern.
C.Fd packaging is made t be as light as pssible.
D.Believe it r nt, they als have fresh fruit and vegetables.
E.Nutritin and practicality are imprtant things t cnsider.
F.Fr the same reasn, sharp knives and flks are never used n bard.
G.Keeping astrnauts' physical health is a tp task fr any space missin.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When the Apll astrnauts landed n the Mn in 1969, millins f peple were rather sad. The persn t 21 fr this was an artist named Chesley Bnestell. Fr many years, Bnestell had been creating 22 detailed paintings f the Mn and planets. Viewers f his artwrks were unhappy 23 the real Mn did nt lk like Bnestell's pictures f it.
As a space artist, Bnestell tried t make his drawings lk exciting and as true as the Mn is. He wrked clsely with 24 and scientists t get the mst up-t-date scientific infrmatin available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, n ne had 25 anther planet up clse. Yet Bnestell's paintings lked s real that sme peple thught they were 26 .
Even thugh Bnestell was interested in astrnmy, he did nt 27 his career as a space artist. As a yung man he studied architecture—the art f 28 and making buildings. In 1938 Bnestell became a special effects artist in Hllywd. It was there 29 he learned he culd imprve his paintings by fllwing the methds used in the 30 .
In 1944, a ppular magazine published a series f Bnestell's paintings f the planet Saturn(土星). He drew Saturn as if it were seen by smene standing n each f the planet's mns. The effects were 31 . Within a few years, Bnestell's artwrks were appearing regularly in magazines and bks 32 astrnmy and space flights.
Many f Bnestell's artwrks had been right all alng. 33 the biggest surprise was the Mn. Smene asked Bnestell what he was thinking when he saw the first pictures f the Mn. “I thught hw 34 I was!” he said. “My muntains were sharp(尖的), but they aren't n the Mn.”
But he shuldn't have felt bad. N space artist had ever befre taken s many peple t s many faraway wrlds. In the years just befre the first manned space flight, Bnestell's artwrks prepared peple fr the amazing space adventure t 35 .
B.seek C.blame D.agree
B.mentally C.falsely D.cmpletely
B.thugh C.if D.prvided
B.astrnauts C.analysts D.astrnmers
B.seen C.reached D.drawn
B.phtgraphs
C.psters D.patents
n B.take in C.take up D.take ff
B.analysing
C.phtgraphing D.designing
B.which C.that D.why
B.mvies
C.advertisements D.media
B.disappinting
C.scary D.interesting
B.f C.at D.n
B.And C.But D.Even
B.wrng C.thrilled D.successful
B.cme C.think D.disappear
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhu ⅩⅤ 36 (astrnaut) entered China Space Statin n Wednesday mrning and they 37 (give) warm hugs by the Shenzhu ? astrnauts already circling fr nearly six mnths.
After abut tw hurs f preparatry wrk fllwing the cnnectin f the Shenzhu ⅩⅤ spaceship with China Space Statin, Fei Junlng, the Shenzhu ⅩⅤ leader, 38 (pen) the dr f his spaceship and flated int the statin.
He was welcmed by Chen Dng, leader f the Shenzhu ?, 39 had been waiting inside the statin fr a while. The tw leaders hugged each ther with Chen 40 (say), “Welcme! Let's hug.”
And then Chen tld Fei, “There are tw mre peple waiting fr yu”, referring t Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe that 41 (be) inside the statin's Wentian lab mdule.
In the fllwing minutes, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu mved int the statin ne 42 ne and they were als greeted by Chen.
The Shenzhu ⅩⅤ astrnauts then entered the Wentian lab mdule and hugged Liu and Cai 43 (excited). They chatted fr a while 44 then tk a grup selfie(自拍) t the clapping frm grund cntrllers.
45 (they) meeting marked the first time that as many as six Chinese astrnauts were travelling in space at the same time. Earlier, there had been at mst three Chinese astrnauts in space at a time.
The entire prcess was bradcast live n China Central Televisin.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华。你班最近一次班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容,用英语给《21世纪学生英文报》投稿,介绍你们讨论的情况并发表你的观点。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As a yung by, I was always a trublemaker and up t n gd. I liked playing tricks and enjyed treating animals in an unfriendly way, like running after cats crazily, making them scared at the sight f me. Besides, I ften used a handmade catapult(弹弓) t sht at birds in the trees.
All this nt nly affrded me indescribable pleasure but als gt me unkind stares and blame frm peple arund me. My parents disapprved f my behavir and were cnstantly criticizing me fr the tricks I played. I was even given a gd beating by my father frm time t time. Nevertheless, I ignred their warnings and did nt crrect my ways until an incident ccurred.
One summer's nn when I was eight, I was alne at hme and just finished lunch. Feeling very ht and bred, I decided t hang arund the neighbrhd, hlding my trusty catapult.
Sn, I came t Mr Smith's huse. His pet dg, big and strng, was tied t a pst utside his huse, lying in the shade lazily. Lking arund, I fund that n ne was in sight. I decided t make gd use f my catapult t play tricks n the massive dg. Picking up a few small stnes frm the grund, I aimed at the dg and fired them ne by ne. Several stnes hit the pr dg and it began t bark(吠) ludly in pain and jump up and dwn. But I felt s fun that I didn't stp ding s. Eventually, the dg's anger was fueled and it barked wildly at me while struggling t break away frm the rpe. Nt realizing anything wrng with my crazy behavir, I was just laughing happily.
Suddenly, the rpe that tied the dg lsened and the big dg gt free frm its bnds. In n time, with a few pwerful steps the dg was n me. Its sharp teeth sank int my leg. I screamed with pain and fright and fell t the grund, shuting fr help.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Luckily,my miserable shuts caught Mr Smith's attentin.
Paragraph 2:
His wrds left me ashamed and I decided t make a change.
答案与解析
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书。
1.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,本文介绍四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书,故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据I Am Neil Armstrng部分中的“yung this spirit thrughut his career(职业)”可知,I Am Neil Armstrng这本书展示了主人公的坚定意志,可以激发读者的决心,故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据Max Ges t the Space Statin部分中的“The bk was actually sent int space...”可知,这本书的与众不同之处在于它经历过太空旅行,故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Katya Echazarreta作为优秀代表被选中去太空,返回地球后她开始致力于推广这一事业,希望更多的人能体验去太空。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But Katya selected by a nnprfit rganizatin's gal is t send great leaders int space”可知,Katya Echazarreta被一个非营利的组织选中去太空,这个组织的目的是将伟大的领导者送入太空,由此可推断出Katya Echazarreta很优秀。故选C。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When I came back my wish t cntinue enabling g int space”可知,从太空回来之后,Echazarreta想帮助更多的人进入太空。故选D。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据下文“and after that, I just studied harder”可知,那件事激励了她。故选B。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Smetimes she had up t fur graduate frm cllege.”可知,有时她同时有多达四份工作,只是为了成功地从大学毕业,从这里我们可以看出她很努力;从第四段她遇到的困难到最后一段中讲到的她取得的成就,我们可以看出她很鼓舞人心。故选A。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。现在小学毕业典礼变得越来越普遍,也非常隆重,作者对此发表了自己的看法。
8.A 推理判断题。文章第一段列举了毕业典礼上的一些场景和活动,用一个个短语式的句子描绘了生动有趣的画面,以此来引出文章的话题,引起读者的阅读兴趣。故选A“用有趣的事实来吸引读者”。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I am ging t save him frm the embarrassment and favritism that have been shwn all year and will nt have him at the graduatin.”可知,这位发邮件的家长认为自己的孩子在学校遭受了不好的对待,并声称将不让孩子参加毕业典礼。由此可推断她发邮件是为了表达不满。故选B。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Awards are part f the end-f-year excitement at my schl and the hardest thing I have t deal with all year.”可知,作者认为关于毕业典礼最难的事情是决定班里哪些学生获奖。故选C。
11.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ believe that such ceremnies shuld be held at the end f high schl and cllege. Is it t much r t sn t celebrate ur children and their achievements?”可知,作者认为隆重的毕业典礼应该在高中毕业和大学毕业时举行,对于小学毕业生来说太早也太出格。由此可推断作者认为毕业典礼不适合小学毕业生。故选C。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了名为ELSA-d的任务,这项任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第二段“The mre than 8,000 metric tns f debris threaten the lss f services we rely n fr Earth-bund life.”可知,太空垃圾有可能影响到我们的日常生活。故选A。
13.B 推理判断题。根据第四段“ELSA- be carried ut by a ‘servicer satellite’ and a ‘client satellite’ the magnetic dcking technlgy, the servicer satellite will release and try t ‘date’ with the client satellite, which will act as a mdel piece f space junk.”可知,这是在介绍ELSA-d的理论原则。故选B。
14.D 细节理解题。根据第六段“The spacecraft is nt designed t capture dead satellites already in rbit, but rather future satellites that will be launched with cmpatible dcking plates n them.”可知,设计这个航天器的目的是捕获要发射的卫星。故选D。
15.C 主旨大意题。第一段点明ELSA-d任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术,后面介绍了太空垃圾的不良影响、这一任务具体的操作过程以及其他清理技术的发展。由此可知,C项“清理太空垃圾的新努力”适合作文章标题。故选C。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家为宇航员规划在太空中吃的饭时需要考虑的几个因素。
16.G 上文“First, nutritin(营养) is pssibly the mst imprtant.”是本段的主旨句,说明了营养是科学家在规划宇航员用餐时需要重点考虑的因素;下文“Prviding junk astrnauts unhealthy.”说明了垃圾食品会使宇航员不健康;G选项“保持宇航员的身体健康是任何一次太空任务的首要任务”与本段主旨一致,且与后文形成对比关系,其中的“health”与后文的“unhealthy”相对应,符合题意。故选G项。
17.A 设空处为本段主旨句,后文“If the fd that has been prvided is distasteful, then the astrnauts may avid eating it.”说明了食物味道的重要性;A选项“味道也很重要”符合题意,其中的“Taste”与后文的“distasteful”相对应。故选A项。
18.F 前文谈到水或者小块的食物可能会进入机器或电子设备进而产生破坏;下文谈到一把松脱的刀在舱内到处弹是很危险的;F选项“同样的原因,锋利的刀叉从来不会在宇宙飞船上被使用”符合题意,其中的“knives”与下文的“knife”一致,故选F项。
19.B 后文“The weight f every hme again.”说明了重量也是宇航员饮食中要考虑的因素;B选项“最后,重量是一个重要的问题”与后文内容一致,且“Finally”与前文的“First”“als”呼应。故选B项。
20.C 后文“Mst fd is stred in plastic it up.”说明了宇航员食物的包装和食用方式;C选项“食品包装要尽可能做轻”中的“packaging”与后文的“stred in plastic bags”相对应,故选C项。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了太空美术大师切斯利·博内斯特尔在载人宇宙飞船探索太空之前,用自己的画作让人们提前对太空有所了解,并让人们对之后的太空探索有所准备。
21.C A.申请;B.寻求;C.把……归咎于,责怪;D.同意。根据上文“millins f peple were rather sad”可知,数百万人感到相当悲伤,此事应归咎于切斯利·博内斯特尔。be t blame表示“负有责任”,这里作后置定语,故选C项。
22.A A.漂亮地;B.精神上;C.错误地;D.完全地。根据下文“Bnestell tried t make his drawings lk exciting and as true as the Mn is”可知,博内斯特尔为月球和行星创作的画是精美的。故选A项。
23.A 根据下文“the real Mn did nt lk like Bnestell's pictures f it”可知,观看作品的人不高兴是因为真正的月球和博内斯特尔的画作不像,这里是因果关系,应用连词because。
24.D A.建筑师;B.宇航员;C.分析者;D.天文学家。根据下文“get the mst up-t-date scientific infrmatin available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, n ne had 25 anther planet up clse.”可知,博内斯特尔与天文学家和科学家紧密合作,获得最新的科学信息。故选D项。
25.B 句意:但在20世纪40年代和50年代,没有人近距离看到过另一颗行星。A.渴望;B.看到;C.到达;D.画。根据语境可知选B项。
26.B A.简介;B.照片;C.海报;D.专利。根据上文“Yet Bnestell's paintings lked s real”可知,博内斯特尔的画非常真实,有些人认为它们是照片。故选B项。
27.C A.承担;B.吸收;C.开始从事;D.起飞。根据上文的Even thugh体现的让步关系可知,此处表示尽管博内斯特尔对天文学感兴趣,但他并没有将太空美术家作为职业。故选C项。
28.D A.画;B.分析;C.拍摄;D.设计。根据语境以及常识可知,建筑学是设计和建造建筑的艺术。故选D项。
29.C 句意:正是在那里他学会了通过遵循电影中使用的方法来改进自己的绘画。分析句子结构可知,这里为强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/wh+其他部分.”,强调的是地点状语there,故设空处应用that。故选C项。
30.B A.杂志;B.电影;C.广告;D.媒体。根据上文“In 1938 Bnestell became a special effects artist in Hllywd.”以及常识可知,博内斯特尔在好莱坞学会了使用电影中的方法来改进自己的绘画。故选B项。
31.A A.令人印象深刻的;B.令人失望的;C.可怕的;D.有趣的。根据上文“He drew Saturn as if it were seen by smene standing n each f the planet's mns.”可知,他的画栩栩如生,效果是令人印象深刻的。故选A项。
32.D 根据下文“astrnmy and space flights”可知,此处表示关于天文学和太空飞行的杂志和书籍。故选D项。
33.C 根据语境可知,空格前后是转折关系,应用连词but表示“但是”。故选C项。
34.B A.正确的;B.错误的;C.激动的;D.成功的。根据下文“My muntains were sharp, but they aren't n the Mn.”可知,此处表示博内斯特尔认为自己是错误的。故选B项。
35.B 句意:在第一次载人太空飞行之前的那些年里,博内斯特尔的艺术作品让人们为即将到来的惊人的太空探险做好了准备。A.争论;B.来;C.想;D.消失。由“befre the first manned space flight”可知,这里指“即将到来的太空探险”。故选B项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了神舟十五号和神舟十四号航天员乘组实现“太空会师”的场景。
36.astrnauts 考查名词复数。astrnaut意为“航天员”,为可数名词,根据常识以及下文中的they可知此处应用复数名词。故填astrnauts。
37.were given 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,此处陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,且主语they(神舟十五号的航天员)和give之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语是第三人称复数,谓语也应用复数,故填were given。
38.pened 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知,设空处在句中作谓语,此处陈述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填pened。
39.wh 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,“ had been waiting inside the statin fr a while”中缺少主语,结合句意可推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Chen Dng,指人。故填wh。
40.saying 考查现在分词。此处是with的复合结构,Chen和say之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填saying。
41.were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处前面的that引导定语从句,设空处在从句中作系动词,此处描述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,该定语从句的先行词为Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,故系动词应用复数形式。故填were。
42.by 考查固定短语。ne by ne意为“一个接一个”。故填by。
43.excitedly 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词hugged,应用副词。故填excitedly。
44.and 考查并列连词。句意:他们聊了一会儿,然后在地面控制人员的掌声中自拍了一张合照。“聊天”和“自拍了一张合照”是两个连续的动作,应用and连接。故填and。
45.Their 考查代词。此处指他们的会面,应用形容词性物主代词,位于句首,注意首字母要大写,故填Their。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One pssible versin:
Outer space explratin, yes r n?
We had an argument ver whether it is necessary t carry ut uter space explratin at a class meeting the ther day.
Sme f us feel it imprtant t explre uter space. Firstly, peple can get a better understanding f uter space thrugh space explratin. Secndly, space explratin can pssibly bring new living space fr humans.
Hwever, thers think very differently. They think this kind f explratin is much t cstly. Besides, it is very dangerus fr astrnauts t d such wrk.
In my pinin, peple shuld d sme pineering research and therefre such explratin f uter space is wrth trying.
第二节
One pssible versin:
Paragraph 1:
Luckily,my miserable shuts caught Mr Smith's attentin. He dashed ut f the huse and freed the dg's teeth frm my leg. Having caged the dg, Mr Smith rushed me t the clinic, where the dctr gave me an injectin and dressed the wund carefully. On the way back hme, I tearfully tld Mr Smith the whle stry. Nt criticizing me, he lked me in the eye and said lvingly, “Animals are ur friends that need ur care and lve and will treat us well if treated well.”
Paragraph 2:
His wrds left me ashamed and I decided t make a change. Instead f playing tricks n helpless animals, I did what I culd t take care f them. With my father's help, I became a vlunteer in ur lcal animal shelter, feeding r walking animals. I even set aside my pcket mney t cntribute t charity which helps save hmeless animals. Once a trublemaker, later a caregiver, I gradually wn peple's praise and respect I hadn't experienced befre. Mst imprtantly, never did I feel s rewarded and hnred fr what I did fr animals.一些同学赞同
一些同学反对
你的观点
1.获得新知识;
2.给人类带来更大的生存空间。
1.耗资巨大;
2.宇航员的安全问题。
……
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.C
5.D
6.B
7.A
8.A
9.B
10.C
11.C
12.A
13.B
14.D
15.C
16.G
17.A
18.F
19.B
20.C
21.C
22.A
23.A
24.D
25.B
26.B
27.C
28.D
29.C
30.B
31.A
32.D
33.C
34.B
35.B
36.astrnauts 37.were given 38.pened 39.wh 40.saying 41.were
42.by 43.excitedly 44.and 45.Their
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A gd bk abut space can inspire an interest in explring the universe. If yu're hping fr a hliday gift fr yur kids, yu're in the right place.
Margaret and the Mn
Age range: 4-8
In Margaret and the Mn, Dean Rbbins utlines the pineering sftware engineer's life, frm the backyard f her childhd hme, where she put frward a millin questins abut the night sky, t the hallways f NASA, where she led a team frm MIT t develp the nbard flight sftware that wuld land the first men n the mn.
I Am Neil Armstrng
Age range: All ages
In I Am Neil Armstrng, bestselling(畅销的) authr Brad Meltzer shws kids hw Neil Armstrng made it all the way t the mn. Meltzer begins the stry with yung Armstrng trying t climb t the tp f a silver maple tree after falling and getting up. He cntinued this spirit thrughut his career(职业).
Lk Inside Space
Age range: 3 and up
Fr parents f yung kids, Usbrne's prizewinning Lk Inside Space is a must t share the histry and technlgy f space explratin with starry-eyed kids. It explres the histry f human space flights and the basics f stars and planets. It's enjyable t all space fans, but is especially gd fr pre-schl and kindergarten-age kids.
Max Ges t the Space Statin
Age range: All ages
Jeffrey Bennett's tale abut a dg called Max and his adventures t the Internatinal Space Statin isn't nly an accurate lk at what life in space is like. The bk was actually sent int space and jined the statin's library in 2014 as part f the Stry Time frm Space prject. It enables readers t learn all srts f fun facts abut space.
1.What's the text mainly intended t intrduce?
A.Hw t find hliday gifts fr yur kids.
B.Sme kids' space bks fr the hlidays.
C.Hw t inspire kids' interest in the universe.
D.Sme bks abut the theries f the universe.
2.Which bk can inspire a sense f determinatin in readers?
A.Max Ges t the Space Statin.
B.Margaret and the Mn.
C.I Am Neil Armstrng.
D.Lk Inside Space.
3.In which aspect is Max Ges t the Space Statin different frm the ther three bks?
A.It has experienced space travel.
B.It is suitable fr kids f all ages.
C.It is a bigraphy(传记) f an astrnaut.
D.It has wn a prize as a bestseller.
B
The 60-ft-tall rcket tk ff in West Texas, sending a grup f six peple int space and giving them a few minutes f weightlessness befre they landed by parachute(降落伞).
Mst f the passengers paid a secret sum f mney fr their seats. But Katya Echazarreta, an engineer and science cmmunicatr, was selected by a nnprfit rganizatin t jin in this travel frm a pl f thusands f applicants(申请人). The rganizatin's gal is t send great leaders int space and allw them t experience the verview effect, which was reprted by astrnauts wh said that viewing the Earth frm space gave them a great change in their view.
“Lking dwn, yu see everyne is dwn there, all f ur past, all f ur difficulties, everything—everything is there,” Echazarreta said. “When I came back dwn, it just cmpletely strengthened my wish t cntinue enabling peple f different backgrunds t g int space and d whatever they want.”
Echazarreta is the first Mexican-brn wman t travel int space. She mved t the United States with her family at the age f seven. She recalled(回忆起) that she felt uncertain in a new place where she didn't speak the language and that a teacher warned her that she might have t repeat a grade. “It just really fueled me and after that, I just studied harder,” Echazarreta said. Later she became the main breadwinner in her family. Smetimes she had up t fur jbs at the same time, just t try t successfully graduate frm cllege.
She wrked in NASA befre and didn't see ther female engineers like her, which inspired her t ppularize science amng the public. These days, Echazarreta is studying fr her master's degree in engineering at Jhns Hpkins University. She als has mre than 330,000 fans n TikTk, and hsts a science-fcused YuTube series.
4.Why was Echazarreta chsen t travel int space?
A.She made great effrts t set up a nnprfit rganizatin.
B.She supprted the prject with a big sum f mney.
C.She was cnsidered t be an excellent wman.
D.She was an expert in space science.
5.What was in Echazarreta's mind after she returned frm space travel?
A.T make wmen scientists knwn t the public.
B.T share the beauty f space n scial media.
C.T encurage the public t learn science.
D.T help mre peple travel int space.
6.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “fueled” in Paragraph 4?
A.Beat. B.Drve. C.Cnfused. D.Attracted.
7.What kind f persn is prbably Echazarreta?
A.Inspiring and hardwrking.
B.Humrus and utging.
C.Talented and creative.
D.Calm and cnfident.
C
Ah, the graduatin day. Family parties. Student awards. Excited parents busy taking phts. Lim(豪华轿车) rides t the ceremny. All in celebratin f years f hard wrk and the exciting things t cme after primary schl.
Wait, what? Yes, primary schl graduatin ceremnies are becming mre ppular than ever. And at my schl, the sixth grade graduatin is a serius business.
A few weeks befre the sixth grade graduatin, I received a special email frm a parent.
“I wuld like t knw if my by is ging t be the nly kid nt receiving an award n the graduatin day,because I am ging t save him frm the embarrassment and favritism that have been shwn all year and will nt have him at the graduatin.”
Awards are part f the end-f-year excitement at my schl and the hardest thing I have t deal with all year. Picking five ut f furteen students t be called befre the whle schl seems like a heartbreak fr the ther nine. Smene is always ging t be left ut and clearly, the parents feel the pressure.
I chse nt t answer the email, knwing the email was sent under pressure. The by in questin wuld receive an award, nt because f his mther's email, but because f his great achievement.
On the day f the ceremny, that by and fur thers were awarded and they psed(摆好姿势) fr a grup phtgraph in new frmal clthes. I sent my cngratulatins t all the students—withut cnsidering their achievements—n having an excellent year and wished them well at their new schls.
But as anther year's graduatin is cming sn, I'm left feeling uneasy. Nt t take away anything frm my present class f wnderful students as they prepare t head ut t new schls, I believe that such ceremnies shuld be held at the end f high schl and cllege. Is it t much r t sn t celebrate ur children and their achievements?
8.What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A.T attract readers with interesting facts.
B.T give the causes f a prblem.
C.T express the main idea f the text.
D.T shw the imprtance f the tpic.
9.Why did the parent send the authr the email?
A.T ask him t give her sn an award.
B.T cmplain abut hw her sn had been treated.
C.T ask fr sme infrmatin abut the graduatin day.
D.T reprt her sn's pssible absence frm the graduatin.
10.What's the mst difficult thing abut the graduatin ceremny in the authr's mind?
A.Dealing with emails frm parents.
B.Saying gdbye t his students.
C.Deciding wh will receive awards.
D.Freeing his students frm pressure.
11.What's the authr's attitude twards the graduatin ceremny?
A.It is a waste f mney.
B.It is nly meaningful fr cllege graduates.
C.It is nt prper fr primary schl graduates.
D.It is nt a gd way t celebrate students' achievements.
D
A demnstratin missin t test an idea t clean up space debris was launched n Mnday mrning lcal time frm the Baiknur Csmdrme in Kazakhstan. Knwn as ELSA-d, the missin will exhibit technlgy that culd help capture space junk, the millins f pieces f rbital debris that flat abve Earth.
The mre than 8,000 metric tns f debris threaten the lss f services we rely n fr Earth-bund life.
The spacecraft wrks by attempting t attach itself t dead satellites and pushing them tward Earth t burn up in the atmsphere.
ELSA-d, which stands fr End-f-Life Services by Astrscale, will be carried ut by a “servicer satellite” and a “client satellite” launched tgether, accrding t Astrscale, the Japan-based cmpany behind the missin. Using the magnetic dcking technlgy, the servicer satellite will release and try t “date” with the client satellite, which will act as a mdel piece f space junk.
The missin, which will be run frm the U.K., will carry ut this catch and release prcess repeatedly ver the curse f six mnths. The gal is t prve the servicer satellite's ability t track dwn and dck with its target in varying levels f cmplexity.
The spacecraft is nt designed t capture dead satellites already in rbit, but rather future satellites that will be launched with cmpatible dcking plates n them.
Accrding t NASA, cleaning up space and addressing the risks assciated with debris depend n preventing the accumulatin f mre waste and actively remving it.
The develpment f ther cleanup technlgies has been underway fr years. In 2018, a device called RemveDebris successfully cast a net arund a mdel satellite. The Eurpean Space Agency als plans t send a self-destructing rbt int rbit in 2025, which the rganizatin's frmer directr general has referred t as a space “vacuum cleaner”.
These effrts culd prve increasingly imprtant as private space ventures like SpaceX cntinue t fill lw Earth rbit with a “mega-cnstellatin” f satellites.
12.What d we knw abut space junk?
A.It has a ptential effect n ur daily life.
B.It circles the earth alngside satellites.
C.It is what astrnauts desert in uter space.
D.It has been cleaned up several times s far.
13.What des the authr tell us abut ELSA-d in Paragraph 4?
A.Its achievements in space.
B.Its theretical principle.
C.Its tw new satellites.
D.Its space missin in rbit.
14.What's the purpse f designing the spacecraft?
A.T remve existing space junk in rbit.
B.T test the magnetic dcking technlgy.
C.T send astrnauts int space.
D.T capture satellites t be launched.
15.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.ELSA-d's experimental prcess.
B.Dead satellites flating in rbit.
C.New effrt t clean up space junk.
D.The applicatin f the magnetic dcking technlgy.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw is eating in space different frm eating n Earth?
If yu send astrnauts int space, yu have t send fd as well. But what d astrnauts eat, and hw d they eat it? Scientists take several factrs int cnsideratin as they plan meals fr space.
First, nutritin(营养) is pssibly the mst imprtant. 16 Prviding junk fd t eat, such as ptat chips, sdas, and pizza, wuld make the astrnauts unhealthy.
17 If the fd that has been prvided is distasteful, then the astrnauts may avid eating it. If yu've ever tried t cncentrate n smething imprtant while yur stmach desn't feel well, yu'll knw why the scientists in charge f a space missin want their astrnauts t eat regularly.
The lack f gravity in a spacecraft als determines what fd can r cannt be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully s they wn't spill int the cabin (ne f the areas inside a spacecraft). Water r tiny bits f fd culd get inside a machine r electrnic device and damage it. 18 A lse knife buncing(弹起) arund inside the cabin wuld be dangerus.
19 The weight f every bject included in a spacecraft must be calculated(计算) in rder t ensure that there is enugh fuel and pwer t carry the craft safely int space and back hme again. 20 Mst fd is stred in plastic bags, and ften, the fd is dehydrated(使脱水). When an astrnaut is ready t eat, ht water is added t the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much f the fd eaten in space is actually similar t what yu might eat n any given day.
A.Taste is als imprtant.
B.Finally, weight is an imprtant cncern.
C.Fd packaging is made t be as light as pssible.
D.Believe it r nt, they als have fresh fruit and vegetables.
E.Nutritin and practicality are imprtant things t cnsider.
F.Fr the same reasn, sharp knives and flks are never used n bard.
G.Keeping astrnauts' physical health is a tp task fr any space missin.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When the Apll astrnauts landed n the Mn in 1969, millins f peple were rather sad. The persn t 21 fr this was an artist named Chesley Bnestell. Fr many years, Bnestell had been creating 22 detailed paintings f the Mn and planets. Viewers f his artwrks were unhappy 23 the real Mn did nt lk like Bnestell's pictures f it.
As a space artist, Bnestell tried t make his drawings lk exciting and as true as the Mn is. He wrked clsely with 24 and scientists t get the mst up-t-date scientific infrmatin available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, n ne had 25 anther planet up clse. Yet Bnestell's paintings lked s real that sme peple thught they were 26 .
Even thugh Bnestell was interested in astrnmy, he did nt 27 his career as a space artist. As a yung man he studied architecture—the art f 28 and making buildings. In 1938 Bnestell became a special effects artist in Hllywd. It was there 29 he learned he culd imprve his paintings by fllwing the methds used in the 30 .
In 1944, a ppular magazine published a series f Bnestell's paintings f the planet Saturn(土星). He drew Saturn as if it were seen by smene standing n each f the planet's mns. The effects were 31 . Within a few years, Bnestell's artwrks were appearing regularly in magazines and bks 32 astrnmy and space flights.
Many f Bnestell's artwrks had been right all alng. 33 the biggest surprise was the Mn. Smene asked Bnestell what he was thinking when he saw the first pictures f the Mn. “I thught hw 34 I was!” he said. “My muntains were sharp(尖的), but they aren't n the Mn.”
But he shuldn't have felt bad. N space artist had ever befre taken s many peple t s many faraway wrlds. In the years just befre the first manned space flight, Bnestell's artwrks prepared peple fr the amazing space adventure t 35 .
B.seek C.blame D.agree
B.mentally C.falsely D.cmpletely
B.thugh C.if D.prvided
B.astrnauts C.analysts D.astrnmers
B.seen C.reached D.drawn
B.phtgraphs
C.psters D.patents
n B.take in C.take up D.take ff
B.analysing
C.phtgraphing D.designing
B.which C.that D.why
B.mvies
C.advertisements D.media
B.disappinting
C.scary D.interesting
B.f C.at D.n
B.And C.But D.Even
B.wrng C.thrilled D.successful
B.cme C.think D.disappear
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhu ⅩⅤ 36 (astrnaut) entered China Space Statin n Wednesday mrning and they 37 (give) warm hugs by the Shenzhu ? astrnauts already circling fr nearly six mnths.
After abut tw hurs f preparatry wrk fllwing the cnnectin f the Shenzhu ⅩⅤ spaceship with China Space Statin, Fei Junlng, the Shenzhu ⅩⅤ leader, 38 (pen) the dr f his spaceship and flated int the statin.
He was welcmed by Chen Dng, leader f the Shenzhu ?, 39 had been waiting inside the statin fr a while. The tw leaders hugged each ther with Chen 40 (say), “Welcme! Let's hug.”
And then Chen tld Fei, “There are tw mre peple waiting fr yu”, referring t Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe that 41 (be) inside the statin's Wentian lab mdule.
In the fllwing minutes, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu mved int the statin ne 42 ne and they were als greeted by Chen.
The Shenzhu ⅩⅤ astrnauts then entered the Wentian lab mdule and hugged Liu and Cai 43 (excited). They chatted fr a while 44 then tk a grup selfie(自拍) t the clapping frm grund cntrllers.
45 (they) meeting marked the first time that as many as six Chinese astrnauts were travelling in space at the same time. Earlier, there had been at mst three Chinese astrnauts in space at a time.
The entire prcess was bradcast live n China Central Televisin.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华。你班最近一次班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容,用英语给《21世纪学生英文报》投稿,介绍你们讨论的情况并发表你的观点。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As a yung by, I was always a trublemaker and up t n gd. I liked playing tricks and enjyed treating animals in an unfriendly way, like running after cats crazily, making them scared at the sight f me. Besides, I ften used a handmade catapult(弹弓) t sht at birds in the trees.
All this nt nly affrded me indescribable pleasure but als gt me unkind stares and blame frm peple arund me. My parents disapprved f my behavir and were cnstantly criticizing me fr the tricks I played. I was even given a gd beating by my father frm time t time. Nevertheless, I ignred their warnings and did nt crrect my ways until an incident ccurred.
One summer's nn when I was eight, I was alne at hme and just finished lunch. Feeling very ht and bred, I decided t hang arund the neighbrhd, hlding my trusty catapult.
Sn, I came t Mr Smith's huse. His pet dg, big and strng, was tied t a pst utside his huse, lying in the shade lazily. Lking arund, I fund that n ne was in sight. I decided t make gd use f my catapult t play tricks n the massive dg. Picking up a few small stnes frm the grund, I aimed at the dg and fired them ne by ne. Several stnes hit the pr dg and it began t bark(吠) ludly in pain and jump up and dwn. But I felt s fun that I didn't stp ding s. Eventually, the dg's anger was fueled and it barked wildly at me while struggling t break away frm the rpe. Nt realizing anything wrng with my crazy behavir, I was just laughing happily.
Suddenly, the rpe that tied the dg lsened and the big dg gt free frm its bnds. In n time, with a few pwerful steps the dg was n me. Its sharp teeth sank int my leg. I screamed with pain and fright and fell t the grund, shuting fr help.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Luckily,my miserable shuts caught Mr Smith's attentin.
Paragraph 2:
His wrds left me ashamed and I decided t make a change.
答案与解析
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书。
1.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,本文介绍四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书,故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据I Am Neil Armstrng部分中的“yung this spirit thrughut his career(职业)”可知,I Am Neil Armstrng这本书展示了主人公的坚定意志,可以激发读者的决心,故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据Max Ges t the Space Statin部分中的“The bk was actually sent int space...”可知,这本书的与众不同之处在于它经历过太空旅行,故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Katya Echazarreta作为优秀代表被选中去太空,返回地球后她开始致力于推广这一事业,希望更多的人能体验去太空。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But Katya selected by a nnprfit rganizatin's gal is t send great leaders int space”可知,Katya Echazarreta被一个非营利的组织选中去太空,这个组织的目的是将伟大的领导者送入太空,由此可推断出Katya Echazarreta很优秀。故选C。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When I came back my wish t cntinue enabling g int space”可知,从太空回来之后,Echazarreta想帮助更多的人进入太空。故选D。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据下文“and after that, I just studied harder”可知,那件事激励了她。故选B。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Smetimes she had up t fur graduate frm cllege.”可知,有时她同时有多达四份工作,只是为了成功地从大学毕业,从这里我们可以看出她很努力;从第四段她遇到的困难到最后一段中讲到的她取得的成就,我们可以看出她很鼓舞人心。故选A。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。现在小学毕业典礼变得越来越普遍,也非常隆重,作者对此发表了自己的看法。
8.A 推理判断题。文章第一段列举了毕业典礼上的一些场景和活动,用一个个短语式的句子描绘了生动有趣的画面,以此来引出文章的话题,引起读者的阅读兴趣。故选A“用有趣的事实来吸引读者”。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I am ging t save him frm the embarrassment and favritism that have been shwn all year and will nt have him at the graduatin.”可知,这位发邮件的家长认为自己的孩子在学校遭受了不好的对待,并声称将不让孩子参加毕业典礼。由此可推断她发邮件是为了表达不满。故选B。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Awards are part f the end-f-year excitement at my schl and the hardest thing I have t deal with all year.”可知,作者认为关于毕业典礼最难的事情是决定班里哪些学生获奖。故选C。
11.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ believe that such ceremnies shuld be held at the end f high schl and cllege. Is it t much r t sn t celebrate ur children and their achievements?”可知,作者认为隆重的毕业典礼应该在高中毕业和大学毕业时举行,对于小学毕业生来说太早也太出格。由此可推断作者认为毕业典礼不适合小学毕业生。故选C。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了名为ELSA-d的任务,这项任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第二段“The mre than 8,000 metric tns f debris threaten the lss f services we rely n fr Earth-bund life.”可知,太空垃圾有可能影响到我们的日常生活。故选A。
13.B 推理判断题。根据第四段“ELSA- be carried ut by a ‘servicer satellite’ and a ‘client satellite’ the magnetic dcking technlgy, the servicer satellite will release and try t ‘date’ with the client satellite, which will act as a mdel piece f space junk.”可知,这是在介绍ELSA-d的理论原则。故选B。
14.D 细节理解题。根据第六段“The spacecraft is nt designed t capture dead satellites already in rbit, but rather future satellites that will be launched with cmpatible dcking plates n them.”可知,设计这个航天器的目的是捕获要发射的卫星。故选D。
15.C 主旨大意题。第一段点明ELSA-d任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术,后面介绍了太空垃圾的不良影响、这一任务具体的操作过程以及其他清理技术的发展。由此可知,C项“清理太空垃圾的新努力”适合作文章标题。故选C。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家为宇航员规划在太空中吃的饭时需要考虑的几个因素。
16.G 上文“First, nutritin(营养) is pssibly the mst imprtant.”是本段的主旨句,说明了营养是科学家在规划宇航员用餐时需要重点考虑的因素;下文“Prviding junk astrnauts unhealthy.”说明了垃圾食品会使宇航员不健康;G选项“保持宇航员的身体健康是任何一次太空任务的首要任务”与本段主旨一致,且与后文形成对比关系,其中的“health”与后文的“unhealthy”相对应,符合题意。故选G项。
17.A 设空处为本段主旨句,后文“If the fd that has been prvided is distasteful, then the astrnauts may avid eating it.”说明了食物味道的重要性;A选项“味道也很重要”符合题意,其中的“Taste”与后文的“distasteful”相对应。故选A项。
18.F 前文谈到水或者小块的食物可能会进入机器或电子设备进而产生破坏;下文谈到一把松脱的刀在舱内到处弹是很危险的;F选项“同样的原因,锋利的刀叉从来不会在宇宙飞船上被使用”符合题意,其中的“knives”与下文的“knife”一致,故选F项。
19.B 后文“The weight f every hme again.”说明了重量也是宇航员饮食中要考虑的因素;B选项“最后,重量是一个重要的问题”与后文内容一致,且“Finally”与前文的“First”“als”呼应。故选B项。
20.C 后文“Mst fd is stred in plastic it up.”说明了宇航员食物的包装和食用方式;C选项“食品包装要尽可能做轻”中的“packaging”与后文的“stred in plastic bags”相对应,故选C项。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了太空美术大师切斯利·博内斯特尔在载人宇宙飞船探索太空之前,用自己的画作让人们提前对太空有所了解,并让人们对之后的太空探索有所准备。
21.C A.申请;B.寻求;C.把……归咎于,责怪;D.同意。根据上文“millins f peple were rather sad”可知,数百万人感到相当悲伤,此事应归咎于切斯利·博内斯特尔。be t blame表示“负有责任”,这里作后置定语,故选C项。
22.A A.漂亮地;B.精神上;C.错误地;D.完全地。根据下文“Bnestell tried t make his drawings lk exciting and as true as the Mn is”可知,博内斯特尔为月球和行星创作的画是精美的。故选A项。
23.A 根据下文“the real Mn did nt lk like Bnestell's pictures f it”可知,观看作品的人不高兴是因为真正的月球和博内斯特尔的画作不像,这里是因果关系,应用连词because。
24.D A.建筑师;B.宇航员;C.分析者;D.天文学家。根据下文“get the mst up-t-date scientific infrmatin available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, n ne had 25 anther planet up clse.”可知,博内斯特尔与天文学家和科学家紧密合作,获得最新的科学信息。故选D项。
25.B 句意:但在20世纪40年代和50年代,没有人近距离看到过另一颗行星。A.渴望;B.看到;C.到达;D.画。根据语境可知选B项。
26.B A.简介;B.照片;C.海报;D.专利。根据上文“Yet Bnestell's paintings lked s real”可知,博内斯特尔的画非常真实,有些人认为它们是照片。故选B项。
27.C A.承担;B.吸收;C.开始从事;D.起飞。根据上文的Even thugh体现的让步关系可知,此处表示尽管博内斯特尔对天文学感兴趣,但他并没有将太空美术家作为职业。故选C项。
28.D A.画;B.分析;C.拍摄;D.设计。根据语境以及常识可知,建筑学是设计和建造建筑的艺术。故选D项。
29.C 句意:正是在那里他学会了通过遵循电影中使用的方法来改进自己的绘画。分析句子结构可知,这里为强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/wh+其他部分.”,强调的是地点状语there,故设空处应用that。故选C项。
30.B A.杂志;B.电影;C.广告;D.媒体。根据上文“In 1938 Bnestell became a special effects artist in Hllywd.”以及常识可知,博内斯特尔在好莱坞学会了使用电影中的方法来改进自己的绘画。故选B项。
31.A A.令人印象深刻的;B.令人失望的;C.可怕的;D.有趣的。根据上文“He drew Saturn as if it were seen by smene standing n each f the planet's mns.”可知,他的画栩栩如生,效果是令人印象深刻的。故选A项。
32.D 根据下文“astrnmy and space flights”可知,此处表示关于天文学和太空飞行的杂志和书籍。故选D项。
33.C 根据语境可知,空格前后是转折关系,应用连词but表示“但是”。故选C项。
34.B A.正确的;B.错误的;C.激动的;D.成功的。根据下文“My muntains were sharp, but they aren't n the Mn.”可知,此处表示博内斯特尔认为自己是错误的。故选B项。
35.B 句意:在第一次载人太空飞行之前的那些年里,博内斯特尔的艺术作品让人们为即将到来的惊人的太空探险做好了准备。A.争论;B.来;C.想;D.消失。由“befre the first manned space flight”可知,这里指“即将到来的太空探险”。故选B项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了神舟十五号和神舟十四号航天员乘组实现“太空会师”的场景。
36.astrnauts 考查名词复数。astrnaut意为“航天员”,为可数名词,根据常识以及下文中的they可知此处应用复数名词。故填astrnauts。
37.were given 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,此处陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,且主语they(神舟十五号的航天员)和give之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语是第三人称复数,谓语也应用复数,故填were given。
38.pened 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知,设空处在句中作谓语,此处陈述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填pened。
39.wh 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,“ had been waiting inside the statin fr a while”中缺少主语,结合句意可推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Chen Dng,指人。故填wh。
40.saying 考查现在分词。此处是with的复合结构,Chen和say之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填saying。
41.were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处前面的that引导定语从句,设空处在从句中作系动词,此处描述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,该定语从句的先行词为Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,故系动词应用复数形式。故填were。
42.by 考查固定短语。ne by ne意为“一个接一个”。故填by。
43.excitedly 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词hugged,应用副词。故填excitedly。
44.and 考查并列连词。句意:他们聊了一会儿,然后在地面控制人员的掌声中自拍了一张合照。“聊天”和“自拍了一张合照”是两个连续的动作,应用and连接。故填and。
45.Their 考查代词。此处指他们的会面,应用形容词性物主代词,位于句首,注意首字母要大写,故填Their。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One pssible versin:
Outer space explratin, yes r n?
We had an argument ver whether it is necessary t carry ut uter space explratin at a class meeting the ther day.
Sme f us feel it imprtant t explre uter space. Firstly, peple can get a better understanding f uter space thrugh space explratin. Secndly, space explratin can pssibly bring new living space fr humans.
Hwever, thers think very differently. They think this kind f explratin is much t cstly. Besides, it is very dangerus fr astrnauts t d such wrk.
In my pinin, peple shuld d sme pineering research and therefre such explratin f uter space is wrth trying.
第二节
One pssible versin:
Paragraph 1:
Luckily,my miserable shuts caught Mr Smith's attentin. He dashed ut f the huse and freed the dg's teeth frm my leg. Having caged the dg, Mr Smith rushed me t the clinic, where the dctr gave me an injectin and dressed the wund carefully. On the way back hme, I tearfully tld Mr Smith the whle stry. Nt criticizing me, he lked me in the eye and said lvingly, “Animals are ur friends that need ur care and lve and will treat us well if treated well.”
Paragraph 2:
His wrds left me ashamed and I decided t make a change. Instead f playing tricks n helpless animals, I did what I culd t take care f them. With my father's help, I became a vlunteer in ur lcal animal shelter, feeding r walking animals. I even set aside my pcket mney t cntribute t charity which helps save hmeless animals. Once a trublemaker, later a caregiver, I gradually wn peple's praise and respect I hadn't experienced befre. Mst imprtantly, never did I feel s rewarded and hnred fr what I did fr animals.一些同学赞同
一些同学反对
你的观点
1.获得新知识;
2.给人类带来更大的生存空间。
1.耗资巨大;
2.宇航员的安全问题。
……
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.C
5.D
6.B
7.A
8.A
9.B
10.C
11.C
12.A
13.B
14.D
15.C
16.G
17.A
18.F
19.B
20.C
21.C
22.A
23.A
24.D
25.B
26.B
27.C
28.D
29.C
30.B
31.A
32.D
33.C
34.B
35.B
36.astrnauts 37.were given 38.pened 39.wh 40.saying 41.were
42.by 43.excitedly 44.and 45.Their
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