中考专项指导3：信息还原课件PPT

这是一份中考专项指导3：信息还原课件PPT，共40页。PPT课件主要包含了Ex 1，Ex 2，Ex 3，Ex 4，Ex 5，Ex 6，Ex 7，Ex 8，Ex 9，Ex 10等内容，欢迎下载使用。

试题模式：给出一篇缺少5个句子的对话或短文，对应有七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明）选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容） 过渡性句子（文章结构） 注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）
(2019 苏州中考）第四部分 信息还原(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A: Lk! This is a picture f my dg. Here.B: 33 A: I knw. He weighs fifty-ne kils.B: Really? That's amazing. 34 A: He's called Max.B: 35 A: Five years. I gt him when we mved ut f the city. 36 B: Ww! Then Max has mre space.A: He's very friendly. He always jumps n yu when yu cme hme.B: Wah! Scary! A: 37 I mean, he plays very well with ur cat, Kira. He runs after her arund.
总的原则: “分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是信息还原题解题的关键”。
◆通读全文，判断体裁结构，把握主旨大意，推测作者情感态度。◆浏览备选项，抓住关键词，理解七个选项句子的语意。◆细读上下文，根据空格在段落中的位置判断设空类型。（主旨；过渡； 细节）。 ◆定位选项。运用线索特征词汇，从语义、语气和结构等方面综合分析空 白处与上下文关系，初步判定最佳答案。◆把选项代入原文通读，检查文章前后是否连贯，选项是否和文章主旨相 吻合。排除干扰选项，确定最终答案。
一、通读短文（对话），把握主旨大意。
A: Lk! This is a picture f my dg. Here.B: 33 A: I knw. He weighs fifty-ne kils.B: Really? That's amazing. 34 A: He's called Max.B: 35 A: Five years. I gt him when we mved ut f the city. 36 B: Ww! Then Max has mre space.A: He's very friendly. He always jumps n yu when yu cme hme.B: Wah! Scary! A: 37 I mean, he plays very well with ur cat, Kira. He runs after her arund.
A is telling B abut his dg, Max's weight / name / hw lng he has had Max / persnnallity.
二、浏览备选项，理解其句意。
他个头真大！而且他还很好玩！我们现在搬进了大房子。他喜欢躺在树下。他叫什么名字？你什么时候买他（这条狗）的？你买了他（这条狗）多久了？
三、运用线索，定位选项。
四、排除干扰选项，确定最终答案。
篇章结构(structure) 找关键词(key wrds) 逻辑关系(lgic) 词汇复现(repetitin)
首段首句中间段首句末段首句
总结下文—— 本段主题
1、厘清篇章结构有助于缩小范围。
Save it! it! Many times, even if yu dn’t need smething, smene else might just need it. Fr example, if yur sister desn’t play with her tys, yu can give them t yur neighbr.
A. Fr example, water is very imprtant fr us.B. But the earth is still very beautiful.C. Being a green kid is s easy.D. It’s s hard t be a green kid.E. Reuse it!
Ben and Sally lived in Califrnia with their tw daughters. Ben liked travelling. ____61____ but sally stayed hme with the girls.
A. They want Ben t watch the vide,B. One summer, he went t Africa n a trip,C. Sn Ben gt back hme,
Be pen t new ideas. Have yu ever thught that peple culd live n the mn? Maybe yu’ll discver Earth II sme day. Dn’t lk dwn n new ideas. Everyne’s ideas are imprtant. 44
A. D mre at schl.B. Yu shuld welcme them, because new ideas make life better fr t learn frm thers.
2、抓住关键词能帮你锁定答案。
联系上下文，寻找相关信息。抓住关键词，如代词、数字等。关注过渡句，注意前后呼应。
A birthday surprise Nathan wke up early and raced int the kitchen. He saw his family preparing their breakfast just like every ther day. _____31____ Where was his birthday cake? Did his family frget his special day?…
A. And there was nbdy.B. Where were his birthday presents?C. All he saw was a nt n the grund.
Accrding t the China Sleep Quality Index(指数), nearly a quarter f Chinese peple dn’t sleep well. ____62_____
A. Half said that they feel tired after getting up and 15 percent peple have truble falling asleep.B. Abve all, get enugh sleep.C. Sleep is imprtant t teenagers.D. Enugh sleep helps the bdy and brain grw and develp.E. Because the lights keep their brains excited fr a lng while.
At this time, a deep vice said, “If a breeze(微风) can crss the desert, s can a river.” It was the vice frm the desert. But the brk answered, “____3____” “That’s because yu can’t give up what yu are,” said the desert.
A. I am strnger than a breeze. B. Maybe I can’t reach the cean.C. The brk culd nt accept this idea.D. It carried her t the next stage f her life.E. The brk agrees with what the breeze said. F. That’s because a breeze can fly, but I cannt.G. I shuld have n prblem crssing the desert.
3、理顺逻辑关系，洞察考查意图。
转折：but, yet, hwever, althugh, thugh, even thugh, still, while等。因果：because, fr, since, as, therefre, s, s…that, thanks t, as a result, because f, fr this reasn等。解释：in fact, actually, fr example, in ther wrds, as a matter f fact, that is t say等。并列：and, r, als, either…nr…, in the same way, that is t say, abve all, besides, what is mre等。
An imprtant questin abut eating ut is wh pays fr the meal. If a friend f yurs asks yu t have lunch with him, yu may say smething like this, "I'm afraid it'll have t be smeplace cheap, as I have very little mney." The ther persn may say, "OK, I'll meet yu at McDnald's."      This means that the tw agree t g Dutch, that is, _____51 _______
A. This means the persn wants t pay fr bth f yu. B. They enjy the delicius fd tgether. C. Each persn pays fr himself. D. It’s plite t pay fr thers.
This culd be watching TV r listening t music. Ding sme exercises earlier in the day shuld help yu feel physically as well as mentally tired. ____45___ Hwever, cffee r tea shuld be avided as they cntain caffeine and will keep yu awake….
A. S, what’s a gd sleep?B. A bedtime drink can als help.C. Having a gd sleep will keep yu lively the whle day.
4、关注复现词，强化上下文的衔接。
同词出现法 　　词汇同现是指属于同一词汇或者跟此词汇相关同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而快而准地找到答案。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 词汇复现法 复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
The truck driver gave Sally a rpe. An animal was tied t the rpe. It was a baby elephant! 63.________, and it began eating grass.
A. They wanted Ben t watch the videB. One summer, he went t Africa n a tripC. Sn Ben gt back hmeD. S they sent a letter t SallyE. After a while, a pliceman cameF. They called Ben and asked him t send a special gift t Sally.G. The elephant ran int Sally’s yard.
: What are yu ging t d？A: We're ging t climb Muntain Meng and eat fd in a farmer's huse. B: That sunds great. （3）　 　A: We climb muntains twice a week. We think it's gd fr us. ...
A. Hw are yu getting there？B. What are yu ging t d？C. Hw ften d yu climb muntains？D. Sure, I'd lve t. E. See yu. F. I disagree. G. Have a gd time!
阅读理解和书面表达的有机结合
考察学生阅读获取有效信息的能力(reading ability)转换加工处理信息的能力(the ability t rganize ideas)结合个人观点、自由表达的能力(the ability t express ne's ideas)
问题一：封闭性问题（1'） (detailed questin)
问题二：理解性问题（2'）(Deeper understanding questin)
问题三：开放性问题（3'） (Yes-N questin&yur wn ideas)
Six Wh-wrds
Reading Expressin
Questins beginning with “when and where”
2.Where was Car Free Day first started?
1.When was Car Free Day first started in China?
Questins beginning with “wh”
1.Wh's allwed t drive n Car Free Day in Brussels ?
Persns with a special permit.
nun /nun phrase
Dn't frget “prepsitin”
Organized activities are held in many cities n Car Free Day . In Brussels, Car Free Day shall be valid (有效的)fr everybdy except persns with a special permit (许可证)，
It was first started by 34 cities in France and September 22 is Car Free Day. The first Car Free Day in China was in Chengdu in 2001.
Questins beginning with “what”
1.What are held in many cities n Car Free Day ?
Organized activities.
2.What des Car Free Day ask drivers nt t d every mnth ?
It asks them nt t drive fr ne day.
3.What’s the purpse f Car Free Day ?
T prtect the envirnment.
Hw t express in a prper way?
Car Free Day encurages drivers t give up their cars fr a day t prtect the envirnment.
Organized activities are held in many cities n Car Free Day .
In Beijing , it asks drivers t leave their cars at hme fr ne day each mnth and walk r ride a bike t wrk . Mre and mre peple are jining in the activity.
a cmplete sentence
Questins beginning with “hw”
1.Hw did the man help the by get mre mney?
By changing the wrds n the sign.
Questins beginning with “why”
3.Why culdn't the by enjy the beauty f the day?
Because he was blind./Because f his blindness.
by ding sth
Then he tk the sign, turned it arund and wrte sme wrds. He put the sign back s that everyne wh walked by wuld see the new wrds. Sn the bx was full. A lt mre peple were giving mney t the blind by. That afternn the man wh had changed the sign came t see hw things were. The by recgnized his ftsteps and asked, "Were yuthe ne wh changed my sign this mrning? What did yu write?"
The secnd sign tld peple that they were able t enjy the beauty f the day, but that the by culd nt enjy it because he was blind.
Because f...
问题一：封闭性问题（1') (detailed questin)
考查学生通过阅读获取有效信息的能力答案是固定和唯一的可以在文章直接找到明确的依据，无需做信息转换也不需要加入自己的观点
Search——Lcate——Underline
Recently Readers, a very ppular TV prgram, is staged in the frm f reading. Dng Qing wrks as bth a hstess and a prducer. Readers hpes t tell us what the wrld is and it takes us t see the beautiful wrld by reading.
1.What is ''Readers'' accrding t the passage?
A very ppular TV prgram.
考察学生通过阅读获取有效信息并转换加工处理信息的能力。在文章多处寻找信息，答案需经过重组、归纳、转换等处理。
问题二：理解性问题（2') (Deeper understanding questin)
Lcate ——Rerganize——Transfrm
The shw has invited sme influential guests wh have rich experiences and tuching stries, like Ni Ping, Wang Yuan frm TFBOYS and Ya Chen.
2.What kind f peple have been invited t“Readers”?
Peple wh have rich experiences and tuching stries.
考察学生根据个人观点，自由表达的能力考察遣词造句能力、准确运用语法的能力、词汇量等该题的答案是多样性和主观性的，但需符合题目的要求。
问题三：开放性问题（3') (Yes-N questin@wn idea)
Think deeply ——Express reasnably
This is a lvely stry fr yung readers t read r listen t. It has a wnderful message fr all children abut facing their fears一real and imagined. The pictures in the bk catch the wrry Mitch feels and make Bruiser really lk like a bad guy. My nly cmplaint is the clur f the printing f the text. Why there are pages f different clured print I cannt tell. They may create prblems fr children with pr eyesight.
55. After reading the bk review，d yu think the bk is wrth reading? Why r why nt? (2017年苏州中考）
Yes. Because it tells me hw t face the fears.
N. Because the clr f the printing is bad fr ur eyes.
Lcate the infrmatin
转换(Transfrm)
表达（Express）
Transfrm the infrmatin
Express yur wn ideas
表达(Express)
53. Hw many tips des the article include? 54. Hw can we develp ur critical thinking skills? 55. D yu think it's imprtant t keep ur mind and bdy healthy? Why r why nt?
The nvel crnavirus kept us hme fr mnths, and it's nt gne yet. It will end, f curse. But it has taught us t take a secnd lk at ur habits and t live better. Here are sme tips fr staying healthy. Keep a strng bdy We all knw that a strng bdy is the key t fight the virus. Hw can we keep ne? D mre exercise and eat a balanced diet. Drink mre water and g t bed befre 11 p.m. Develp different hbbies Sme peple might find that staying hme is bring. Develping different hbbies can help yu have fun. Yu can learn painting r calligraphy(书法), chess r swimming. Hbbies can help yu stay psitive even in hard times. Learn mre abut science Yu might have read stries that say garlic(蒜) can kill the nvel crnavirus. This has been prved t be nt true. Learning mre abut science can help us tell facts apart frm rumrs(谣言). It will help us develp ur critical thinking skills and stay calm when facing the unknwn. T lve and t be lved Many peple lst family members during the nvel crnavirus utbreak. We shuld care abut the peple arund us. Take a step back when yu argue(争吵) with smene. Make a small gift r ck a meal fr yur family n special days.
By learning mre abut science.
Yes. Because keeping ur mind and bdy heathy can make us strng,active and ready t learn.
handwriting(书写)capitalizatin (首字母大写)punctuatin marks(标点)spelling(拼写)persnal prnuns (人称)tenses and vices (时态和语态)part f speech (词性)the singular r plural frm (单复数)
Rme was nt built in a day.Practice makes perfect!