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译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT2 Period4课件
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这是一份译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT2 Period4课件，共56页。
Period 4 UNIT 2 The universal language主题语境 人与社会—— 音乐领域的代表性作品和人物课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage)get along/on with 相处；进展get sth．across 使(被)理解；把……表达清楚；传达get into 进入；陷入；染上(坏习惯)；开始；参与get over 解决，克服；从(疾病、震惊中)恢复常态get through 通过；完成；打电话；度过get away with 被放过；(做坏事)不受惩罚1．get down to (doing) sth．开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事[即学即练] 完成语段现在是时候着手改变我们的传统教育理念了。让老师和家长们弄清楚一点，我们不仅要强调学业成绩，还要强调其他技能，这是很有必要的。例如，让学生们有能力克服困难，避免养成诸如吸烟等坏习惯，并与他人和睦相处。It's high time that we ___________________ transforming our traditional education concept．It is essential to _________ to the teachers and parents that we should put emphasis on not only academic performances but other skills．For example，let students have the ability to _______ difficulties，to avoid ___________ bad habits such as smoking and to ___________________ others．should get/got down toget acrossget overgetting into get along/on well with(1)be suitable for... 对……适合be suitable to do sth． 适合做某事(2)suitably adv． 合适地；适当地(3)suit v． 合(某人)心意；适合 n． 一套外衣；套装2．suitable adj．合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①We need to find someone ________ (suit) to replace Mary．②It is not suitable for you _______ (dress) like that for a party．③所以我们想邀请你加入我们，我们相信没有人比你更适合这个比赛。So we'd like to invite you to join us and we do believe that there is no one ______________________________________．suitableto dressmore suitable than you for this competition(1)be distant from... 离……遥远(2)distance n． 距离，路程；远处，远方in the distance 在远处at a distance 离一段距离；从远处；从长远来看keep sb．at a distance＝keep a distance with/from sb． 与某人保持一定的距离；反应冷淡3．distant adj．遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The Indians used to put their ears to the ground to hear a _______ (distance) noise．②The only way I can cope with my mother is at _ distance．③最后但同样重要的是，你应该与患感冒的病人保持距离。Last but not least，you should ________________________________________ who are suffering from cold．distantakeep a far distance with/from the patients(1)accompany sb．＝keep sb．Company 陪伴某人accompany sb．at/on sth． 用某物给某人伴奏accompany sb．to... 陪某人到……be accompanied by... 由……陪同/随行/伴奏have sth．accompanied with... 带有……的(2)company n． 陪伴；公司companion n． 同伴，伙伴4．accompany vt．陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Please excuse me for my being unable to accompany you __ the bookstore．②When he was sent to hospital he had a high fever ___________ (accompany) with cough．toaccompanied③她父亲陪她去音乐会，当她唱歌时她父亲为她钢琴伴奏。在音乐的伴奏下她的歌声听起来优美极了。Her father ________________ the concert and when she sang her father _________________ the piano．Her song sounded wonderful ______________________．accompanied her toaccompanied her onaccompanied by the musicin expectation of 期待；指望beyond expectations 料想不到，出乎预料have little/no expectation of doing sth． 没希望做某事have every/an expectation of doing sth． 有希望做某事5．expectation n．希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①She ate a light lunch __ expectation of a good dinner．②He has little expectation of _______ (pass) the exam．③在今天的比赛中，中国篮球队打得出乎意料。In today's game the Chinese basketball team played _______________________．inpassingbeyond expectationsP201．__________________________ 对他的技术评价很高2．___________________________ 听河水流动的声音3．_________________________ 厌倦分享他的音乐4．___________________ 他们各奔东西5．_____________ 没有出现6．____________________ 伤心欲绝think highly of his techniqueshear the sound of a river flowingget tired of sharing his musicgo their separate waysfail to show up be overcome with sorrowP211．______________________________ 能够代表人类2．_______________________ 这个问题的一个答案3．___________________ 存在于其他星球上4．___________________________ 迎接太空中的智慧生命5．______________________________ 开始选择合适的音乐6．________________ 在一个遥远的星球上be capable of representing mankindone answer to this questionexist on other planetsgreet intelligent life in spaceget down to choosing suitable musicon a distant planetP231．_________________ 准备上学2．_________________ 冲下楼梯3．_______________ 把音量调大4．______________________ 站着盯着收音机5．____________ 屏住我的呼吸get ready for schoolrush down the stairsturn up the volumestand staring at the radiohold my breath6．_________________________ 发掘歌曲之美7．_____________________________ 吸引年轻人的注意8．____________________________ 把我带回到少年时代9．__________________ 用我最大的声音10．____________________________ 陪我一辈子uncover the beauty of the songgrab the attention of young peoplebe taken back to my teenage yearsat the top of my voiceaccompany me throughout my life动词-ing形式作主语和宾语[观察例句]观察例句并指出黑体部分的语法作用1．Learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home． ______2．Taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy． ______3．I consider waiting a bit longer before I give up． ______4．I can't imagine marrying such a woman． ______5．I kept studying English for an hour yesterday evening． ______作主语作主语作宾语作宾语作宾语[归纳用法]1．动词-ing形式作主语(1)往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。Swimming is my favourite sport．游泳是我最喜欢的运动。Collecting stamps is his hobby．集邮是他的爱好。[名师点津] 动词-ing形式和不定式都可以作主语。动词-ing形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时也是如此。Playing with fire is dangerous．玩火危险。(泛指)Be careful！To play with fire will be dangerous．小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作)(2)在it is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time/fun等后需用动词-ing形式作真正的主语，句首的it是形式主语。It's no use waiting for him any longer．再等他是没有用的。It's a waste of time arguing about it．争论此事就是浪费时间。(3)当句型“There is no...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词-ing形式作主语。There is no joking about such matters．这种事开不得玩笑。(4)动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语。①肯定形式：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋doing...。②否定形式：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。His/Tom's being late made the teacher very angry．他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。Jerry's not arriving on time made the people present angry．杰瑞未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。(5)动词-ing的被动形式作主语。Being punished is not a good thing．被惩罚不是一件好事。Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry．不让他出去使他非常生气。[即时训练1] 单句语法填空①Mary's ____________ (marry) such an old man made us all surprised．②It's no use ___________ (complain) without taking action．③On the other hand，_____ (be) young and old at the same time has its attractions．④____________ (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family．⑤_________ (produce) food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used to grow it．marryingcomplainingbeingBeing invitedProducing2．动词-ing形式作宾语(1)作动词的宾语。下面的口诀能帮你记住可接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词：避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建议完成多练习(advise，finish，practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can't help)承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗子吗？(2)作介词的宾语。动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel．这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。One never loses by doing a good turn．[谚]行善者绝无一失。After looking at his watch，he hurried to the station．看了看表后，他匆忙赶往车站。(3)英语中有一些动词短语后也常跟动词-ing形式作宾语。常见的这类动词短语有：insist on，object to，be good at，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be worth，dream of等。He insisted on doing it in his own way．他坚持要按照自己的方法做这件事。I have never dreamed of visiting that place．我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。(4) 在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。spend...(in) doing sth．花费……做某事have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth．做……有困难/麻烦stop/prevent...(from) doing sth．阻止……做某事waste time (in) doing sth．浪费时间做某事be busy (in) doing sth．忙于做某事have a good/hard time (in) doing sth．高兴做某事/费力做某事There is no point (in) doing sth．做某事毫无意义。[即时训练2] 单句语法填空①The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them _______ (feel) lonely．②He devotes himself to _______ (look) into the matter．③He is always busy _______(work) every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child．④He managed to escape ___________ (catch) by a fierce dog．⑤Now that we have finished our work，there is no point _______ (stay) any longer．feelinglookingworkingbeing caughtstaying [即时训练3] 单句语法填空①I remember ______ (see) her before，but I can't remember when it was．②You must remember ______ (tell) Jackson the news tonight．③I didn't mean _______ (visit) him yesterday afternoon．④Giving up your plan means ______ (lose) a large amount of money．⑤All of us stopped _______ (talk) when we saw our teacher come in．⑥She felt thirsty，so she stopped _____ (get) a drink of water．seeingto tellto visitlosingtalkingto get短文语法填空Every time I mention 1．______ (take) an exam at home，my parents can't help 2．_________ (explore) the result，3．_______ (risk) ruining the so-called harmonious atmosphere．Parents are busy 4．_______ (win) bread，devoting their heart and soul to 5．_______________ (support) their families．They look forward to their children's 6．____________ (grow) up best．takingexploringriskingwinningsupporting growingUnemployment and disease are their biggest threats and pressures．Who are willing to risk 7．_______ (lose) their jobs? Parents and children have much difficulty 8．______________ (communicate) with each other．9．_____________ (understand) their own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey their affection and emotion．Experts suggest 10．_________ (listen) more．losing communicating Understandinglistening①remarkable adj．非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的a remarkable life非凡的一生②stream vi．& vt．鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动n．小溪；(人)流，(车)流stream into源源不断地流入；涌入③break into突然开始做(某事)课下预习 第二篇课文(Extended reading)④enthusiastic adj．热情的，热心的break into enthusiastic cheers爆发出热烈的欢呼声⑤be unaware of不知道；没有察觉到⑥handkerchief n．手帕，纸巾⑦vast adj．大量的，辽阔的，巨大的a vast body of大量的⑧gifted adj．有才华的，有天赋的⑨reputation n．名誉，名声⑩brilliant adj．聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的⑪prediction n．预言，预测make predictions about预测⑫extraordinary adj．不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的⑬in one's late twenties在某人快三十岁的时候⑭depress vt．使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气⑮upset adj．难过的，失望的 vt．使烦恼；搅乱；打翻⑯possess vt．具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制⑰abandon vt．中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃abandon hope放弃希望⑱be determined to do...决心做某事⑲take in接收；领会⑳perform in public 公演㉑on stage登台演出㉒all of a sudden突然，猛地㉓orchestra n．管弦乐队㉔desperate adj．绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的㉕uplifting adj．令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的uplifting highs令人振奋的高潮㉖ease n．容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi．& vt．(使)宽慰，减轻with ease熟练地，轻而易举地㉗genius n．天赋，天资；天才㉘variation n．变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种㉙chorus n．合唱曲；副歌；合唱团㉚grand adj．宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的㉛finale n．末乐章，终场，结局；结尾㉜less than小于；少于；不到㉝be regarded as被认为是Beethoven: a remarkable① lifeOn 7 May 1824，a crowd of music lovers streamed② into a theatre in Vienna to hear the first-ever performance of the great Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No．9．The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special，and they broke into③ enthusiastic④ cheers at the end of the symphony．Beethoven, who was almost completely deaf at this point in his life, was unaware of ⑤ the audience's response until one of the singers turned him around to face the crowd．[1] Before him，he saw a sea of people all standing，clapping，and waving their hats and handkerchiefs⑥ to express their appreciation of his masterwork．[1]本句中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beethoven，until引导时间状语从句。Symphony No．9 was Beethoven's last major piece of music in a vast⑦ body of works written throughout his remarkable life．[2] As a gifted⑧ child，Beethoven was pushed by his father to study music day and night．Not long after，he began to be appreciated for his piano performances．By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation⑨ as a wonderful young musician．[3] Many important figures in the music world，including the brilliant⑩ musician Mozart，started making predictions⑪ about Beethoven's extraordinary⑫ future．However，life took a sharp turn．In his late twenties⑬，Beethoven suffered one of the worst possible twists for a musician: he started to lose his hearing．[2]本句中动词-ed形式短语written...life作名词works的后置定语。[3]本句中by the time引导时间状语从句。The loss of his hearing deeply depressed⑭ Beethoven．He was so upset⑮ that, at first, he wanted to keep it a secret．[4] In a letter to his brothers，he wrote，“… how could I possibly admit a weakness in the one sense which should be more perfect in me than in others, a sense which I once possessed⑯ in the greatest perfection…[5]” Even in his darkest moments，however，Beethoven never abandoned⑰ hope．Despite his hearing loss，he was determined to⑱ find a way to continue living a life full of music．He used a variety of hearing aids to try to increase the amount of sound he could take in⑲．When composing music at the piano, he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes．[6] Although Beethoven was able to continue composing music，it became increasingly difficult for him to perform in public⑳．When Beethoven presented Symphony No．9 in Vienna in 1824，it was his first time on stage㉑ in over ten years．[4]本句中so...that...引导结果状语从句。[5]本句中包含两个which引导的定语从句，都是修饰前面的先行词sense。[6]本句中when composing...为时间状语从句的省略句，so that引导目的状语从句。Since that day，Beethoven's Symphony No．9 has become one of the most famous and treasured pieces in the history of classical music．The first movement starts quietly，but all of a sudden㉒ the whole orchestra㉓ breaks into an energetic theme．You can soon feel the determination—a quality Beethoven understood well because of his hearing difficulties—coursing through the music．[7] The next two movements are full of desperate㉔ lows and uplifting㉕ highs which perhaps reflect both his suffering and his strong will to fight it．The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease㉖，showing his genius㉗ as a composer．Finally，in the fourth movement，he connects all of the different variations㉘ into a joyful chorus㉙．[7]本句中Beethoven understood well为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词quality，动词-ing 形式短语coursing through the music作名词determination的后置定语。As Beethoven's last great work，his Symphony No．9 was also a grand㉚ finale㉛ to his life—he died less than㉜ three years after the concert in Vienna，aged 56．For his amazing achievements and for his determination even in his darkest days, Beethoven is regarded as㉝ one of the most remarkable musicians who ever lived．[8][8]本句中两个介词for短语作原因状语，who ever lived为定语从句，修饰先行词musicians。贝多芬： 非凡的一生1824年5月7日，一群音乐爱好者涌入维也纳一家剧院，去听伟大的路德维希·凡·贝多芬《第九交响曲》的首场演出。听众们立刻意识到他们正在听的是真正特别的音乐，当交响乐结束时，他们爆发出热烈的欢呼声。贝多芬，在他生命的这个阶段几乎完全失聪，直到一位歌手让他转过身来面对听众他才意识到听众的反应。他看到面前人山人海，人们站着鼓掌并挥舞着帽子和手帕，表达对他杰作的赞赏。《第九交响曲》是贝多芬非凡一生中创作的大量作品中的最后一部主要作品。作为一位天才少年，贝多芬被他的父亲逼着日夜学习音乐。不久之后，他的钢琴表演开始受到人们的欣赏。他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。音乐界的许多重要人物，包括杰出的音乐家莫扎特，都开始预测贝多芬非凡的未来。然而，生活出现逆转。在他快三十岁的时候，贝多芬经历了一个音乐家可能经历过的最糟糕的转折： 他开始丧失听力。失聪使贝多芬非常沮丧。一开始，他很难过，想要对此保密。在一封给他兄弟的信中，他写道：“……我怎么可能承认在某种感官上的弱点呢，我应该比其他人更完美，我曾经拥有的感官最完美……” 然而，即使在最黑暗的时刻，贝多芬从未放弃希望。尽管他的听力受损，但他决心要找到一种方法继续过充满音乐的生活。他使用了各种助听器，试图增加他能接收的音量。当他用钢琴谱曲时，他会把铅笔的一头放进嘴里，把另一头抵在钢琴上，这样他就能感觉到音符。虽然贝多芬能够继续创作音乐，但他在公众面前演奏变得越来越困难。当贝多芬1824年在维也纳演奏《第九交响曲》时，这是他十多年来第一次登台演出。从那天起，贝多芬的《第九交响曲》成为古典音乐史上最著名且最珍贵的作品之一。第一乐章静静地开始，但突然整个管弦乐队进入了一个充满活力的主题。很快你就能感受到这种贯穿在音乐中的决心，这是贝多芬因自己的听力问题而深刻体会到的品质。接下来的两个乐章充满了绝望的低谷和令人振奋的高潮，这也许反映了他的痛苦和他与之斗争的坚强意志。这首乐曲将技术上棘手的部分处理得轻松自如，显示出他作为作曲家的天赋。最后，在第四乐章中，他把所有不同的变奏连接成欢乐的合唱。作为贝多芬最后一部伟大的作品，他的《第九交响曲》也是他人生的最后乐章——他在维也纳音乐会结束后不到三年就去世了，享年56岁。由于他惊人的成就和他即使在最黑暗的日子里的决心，贝多芬被认为是有史以来最杰出的音乐家之一。
Period 4 UNIT 2 The universal language主题语境 人与社会—— 音乐领域的代表性作品和人物课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage)get along/on with 相处；进展get sth．across 使(被)理解；把……表达清楚；传达get into 进入；陷入；染上(坏习惯)；开始；参与get over 解决，克服；从(疾病、震惊中)恢复常态get through 通过；完成；打电话；度过get away with 被放过；(做坏事)不受惩罚1．get down to (doing) sth．开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事[即学即练] 完成语段现在是时候着手改变我们的传统教育理念了。让老师和家长们弄清楚一点，我们不仅要强调学业成绩，还要强调其他技能，这是很有必要的。例如，让学生们有能力克服困难，避免养成诸如吸烟等坏习惯，并与他人和睦相处。It's high time that we ___________________ transforming our traditional education concept．It is essential to _________ to the teachers and parents that we should put emphasis on not only academic performances but other skills．For example，let students have the ability to _______ difficulties，to avoid ___________ bad habits such as smoking and to ___________________ others．should get/got down toget acrossget overgetting into get along/on well with(1)be suitable for... 对……适合be suitable to do sth． 适合做某事(2)suitably adv． 合适地；适当地(3)suit v． 合(某人)心意；适合 n． 一套外衣；套装2．suitable adj．合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①We need to find someone ________ (suit) to replace Mary．②It is not suitable for you _______ (dress) like that for a party．③所以我们想邀请你加入我们，我们相信没有人比你更适合这个比赛。So we'd like to invite you to join us and we do believe that there is no one ______________________________________．suitableto dressmore suitable than you for this competition(1)be distant from... 离……遥远(2)distance n． 距离，路程；远处，远方in the distance 在远处at a distance 离一段距离；从远处；从长远来看keep sb．at a distance＝keep a distance with/from sb． 与某人保持一定的距离；反应冷淡3．distant adj．遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The Indians used to put their ears to the ground to hear a _______ (distance) noise．②The only way I can cope with my mother is at _ distance．③最后但同样重要的是，你应该与患感冒的病人保持距离。Last but not least，you should ________________________________________ who are suffering from cold．distantakeep a far distance with/from the patients(1)accompany sb．＝keep sb．Company 陪伴某人accompany sb．at/on sth． 用某物给某人伴奏accompany sb．to... 陪某人到……be accompanied by... 由……陪同/随行/伴奏have sth．accompanied with... 带有……的(2)company n． 陪伴；公司companion n． 同伴，伙伴4．accompany vt．陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Please excuse me for my being unable to accompany you __ the bookstore．②When he was sent to hospital he had a high fever ___________ (accompany) with cough．toaccompanied③她父亲陪她去音乐会，当她唱歌时她父亲为她钢琴伴奏。在音乐的伴奏下她的歌声听起来优美极了。Her father ________________ the concert and when she sang her father _________________ the piano．Her song sounded wonderful ______________________．accompanied her toaccompanied her onaccompanied by the musicin expectation of 期待；指望beyond expectations 料想不到，出乎预料have little/no expectation of doing sth． 没希望做某事have every/an expectation of doing sth． 有希望做某事5．expectation n．希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①She ate a light lunch __ expectation of a good dinner．②He has little expectation of _______ (pass) the exam．③在今天的比赛中，中国篮球队打得出乎意料。In today's game the Chinese basketball team played _______________________．inpassingbeyond expectationsP201．__________________________ 对他的技术评价很高2．___________________________ 听河水流动的声音3．_________________________ 厌倦分享他的音乐4．___________________ 他们各奔东西5．_____________ 没有出现6．____________________ 伤心欲绝think highly of his techniqueshear the sound of a river flowingget tired of sharing his musicgo their separate waysfail to show up be overcome with sorrowP211．______________________________ 能够代表人类2．_______________________ 这个问题的一个答案3．___________________ 存在于其他星球上4．___________________________ 迎接太空中的智慧生命5．______________________________ 开始选择合适的音乐6．________________ 在一个遥远的星球上be capable of representing mankindone answer to this questionexist on other planetsgreet intelligent life in spaceget down to choosing suitable musicon a distant planetP231．_________________ 准备上学2．_________________ 冲下楼梯3．_______________ 把音量调大4．______________________ 站着盯着收音机5．____________ 屏住我的呼吸get ready for schoolrush down the stairsturn up the volumestand staring at the radiohold my breath6．_________________________ 发掘歌曲之美7．_____________________________ 吸引年轻人的注意8．____________________________ 把我带回到少年时代9．__________________ 用我最大的声音10．____________________________ 陪我一辈子uncover the beauty of the songgrab the attention of young peoplebe taken back to my teenage yearsat the top of my voiceaccompany me throughout my life动词-ing形式作主语和宾语[观察例句]观察例句并指出黑体部分的语法作用1．Learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home． ______2．Taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy． ______3．I consider waiting a bit longer before I give up． ______4．I can't imagine marrying such a woman． ______5．I kept studying English for an hour yesterday evening． ______作主语作主语作宾语作宾语作宾语[归纳用法]1．动词-ing形式作主语(1)往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。Swimming is my favourite sport．游泳是我最喜欢的运动。Collecting stamps is his hobby．集邮是他的爱好。[名师点津] 动词-ing形式和不定式都可以作主语。动词-ing形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时也是如此。Playing with fire is dangerous．玩火危险。(泛指)Be careful！To play with fire will be dangerous．小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作)(2)在it is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time/fun等后需用动词-ing形式作真正的主语，句首的it是形式主语。It's no use waiting for him any longer．再等他是没有用的。It's a waste of time arguing about it．争论此事就是浪费时间。(3)当句型“There is no...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词-ing形式作主语。There is no joking about such matters．这种事开不得玩笑。(4)动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语。①肯定形式：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋doing...。②否定形式：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。His/Tom's being late made the teacher very angry．他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。Jerry's not arriving on time made the people present angry．杰瑞未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。(5)动词-ing的被动形式作主语。Being punished is not a good thing．被惩罚不是一件好事。Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry．不让他出去使他非常生气。[即时训练1] 单句语法填空①Mary's ____________ (marry) such an old man made us all surprised．②It's no use ___________ (complain) without taking action．③On the other hand，_____ (be) young and old at the same time has its attractions．④____________ (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family．⑤_________ (produce) food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used to grow it．marryingcomplainingbeingBeing invitedProducing2．动词-ing形式作宾语(1)作动词的宾语。下面的口诀能帮你记住可接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词：避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建议完成多练习(advise，finish，practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can't help)承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗子吗？(2)作介词的宾语。动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel．这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。One never loses by doing a good turn．[谚]行善者绝无一失。After looking at his watch，he hurried to the station．看了看表后，他匆忙赶往车站。(3)英语中有一些动词短语后也常跟动词-ing形式作宾语。常见的这类动词短语有：insist on，object to，be good at，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be worth，dream of等。He insisted on doing it in his own way．他坚持要按照自己的方法做这件事。I have never dreamed of visiting that place．我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。(4) 在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。spend...(in) doing sth．花费……做某事have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth．做……有困难/麻烦stop/prevent...(from) doing sth．阻止……做某事waste time (in) doing sth．浪费时间做某事be busy (in) doing sth．忙于做某事have a good/hard time (in) doing sth．高兴做某事/费力做某事There is no point (in) doing sth．做某事毫无意义。[即时训练2] 单句语法填空①The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them _______ (feel) lonely．②He devotes himself to _______ (look) into the matter．③He is always busy _______(work) every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child．④He managed to escape ___________ (catch) by a fierce dog．⑤Now that we have finished our work，there is no point _______ (stay) any longer．feelinglookingworkingbeing caughtstaying [即时训练3] 单句语法填空①I remember ______ (see) her before，but I can't remember when it was．②You must remember ______ (tell) Jackson the news tonight．③I didn't mean _______ (visit) him yesterday afternoon．④Giving up your plan means ______ (lose) a large amount of money．⑤All of us stopped _______ (talk) when we saw our teacher come in．⑥She felt thirsty，so she stopped _____ (get) a drink of water．seeingto tellto visitlosingtalkingto get短文语法填空Every time I mention 1．______ (take) an exam at home，my parents can't help 2．_________ (explore) the result，3．_______ (risk) ruining the so-called harmonious atmosphere．Parents are busy 4．_______ (win) bread，devoting their heart and soul to 5．_______________ (support) their families．They look forward to their children's 6．____________ (grow) up best．takingexploringriskingwinningsupporting growingUnemployment and disease are their biggest threats and pressures．Who are willing to risk 7．_______ (lose) their jobs? Parents and children have much difficulty 8．______________ (communicate) with each other．9．_____________ (understand) their own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey their affection and emotion．Experts suggest 10．_________ (listen) more．losing communicating Understandinglistening①remarkable adj．非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的a remarkable life非凡的一生②stream vi．& vt．鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动n．小溪；(人)流，(车)流stream into源源不断地流入；涌入③break into突然开始做(某事)课下预习 第二篇课文(Extended reading)④enthusiastic adj．热情的，热心的break into enthusiastic cheers爆发出热烈的欢呼声⑤be unaware of不知道；没有察觉到⑥handkerchief n．手帕，纸巾⑦vast adj．大量的，辽阔的，巨大的a vast body of大量的⑧gifted adj．有才华的，有天赋的⑨reputation n．名誉，名声⑩brilliant adj．聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的⑪prediction n．预言，预测make predictions about预测⑫extraordinary adj．不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的⑬in one's late twenties在某人快三十岁的时候⑭depress vt．使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气⑮upset adj．难过的，失望的 vt．使烦恼；搅乱；打翻⑯possess vt．具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制⑰abandon vt．中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃abandon hope放弃希望⑱be determined to do...决心做某事⑲take in接收；领会⑳perform in public 公演㉑on stage登台演出㉒all of a sudden突然，猛地㉓orchestra n．管弦乐队㉔desperate adj．绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的㉕uplifting adj．令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的uplifting highs令人振奋的高潮㉖ease n．容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi．& vt．(使)宽慰，减轻with ease熟练地，轻而易举地㉗genius n．天赋，天资；天才㉘variation n．变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种㉙chorus n．合唱曲；副歌；合唱团㉚grand adj．宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的㉛finale n．末乐章，终场，结局；结尾㉜less than小于；少于；不到㉝be regarded as被认为是Beethoven: a remarkable① lifeOn 7 May 1824，a crowd of music lovers streamed② into a theatre in Vienna to hear the first-ever performance of the great Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No．9．The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special，and they broke into③ enthusiastic④ cheers at the end of the symphony．Beethoven, who was almost completely deaf at this point in his life, was unaware of ⑤ the audience's response until one of the singers turned him around to face the crowd．[1] Before him，he saw a sea of people all standing，clapping，and waving their hats and handkerchiefs⑥ to express their appreciation of his masterwork．[1]本句中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beethoven，until引导时间状语从句。Symphony No．9 was Beethoven's last major piece of music in a vast⑦ body of works written throughout his remarkable life．[2] As a gifted⑧ child，Beethoven was pushed by his father to study music day and night．Not long after，he began to be appreciated for his piano performances．By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation⑨ as a wonderful young musician．[3] Many important figures in the music world，including the brilliant⑩ musician Mozart，started making predictions⑪ about Beethoven's extraordinary⑫ future．However，life took a sharp turn．In his late twenties⑬，Beethoven suffered one of the worst possible twists for a musician: he started to lose his hearing．[2]本句中动词-ed形式短语written...life作名词works的后置定语。[3]本句中by the time引导时间状语从句。The loss of his hearing deeply depressed⑭ Beethoven．He was so upset⑮ that, at first, he wanted to keep it a secret．[4] In a letter to his brothers，he wrote，“… how could I possibly admit a weakness in the one sense which should be more perfect in me than in others, a sense which I once possessed⑯ in the greatest perfection…[5]” Even in his darkest moments，however，Beethoven never abandoned⑰ hope．Despite his hearing loss，he was determined to⑱ find a way to continue living a life full of music．He used a variety of hearing aids to try to increase the amount of sound he could take in⑲．When composing music at the piano, he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes．[6] Although Beethoven was able to continue composing music，it became increasingly difficult for him to perform in public⑳．When Beethoven presented Symphony No．9 in Vienna in 1824，it was his first time on stage㉑ in over ten years．[4]本句中so...that...引导结果状语从句。[5]本句中包含两个which引导的定语从句，都是修饰前面的先行词sense。[6]本句中when composing...为时间状语从句的省略句，so that引导目的状语从句。Since that day，Beethoven's Symphony No．9 has become one of the most famous and treasured pieces in the history of classical music．The first movement starts quietly，but all of a sudden㉒ the whole orchestra㉓ breaks into an energetic theme．You can soon feel the determination—a quality Beethoven understood well because of his hearing difficulties—coursing through the music．[7] The next two movements are full of desperate㉔ lows and uplifting㉕ highs which perhaps reflect both his suffering and his strong will to fight it．The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease㉖，showing his genius㉗ as a composer．Finally，in the fourth movement，he connects all of the different variations㉘ into a joyful chorus㉙．[7]本句中Beethoven understood well为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词quality，动词-ing 形式短语coursing through the music作名词determination的后置定语。As Beethoven's last great work，his Symphony No．9 was also a grand㉚ finale㉛ to his life—he died less than㉜ three years after the concert in Vienna，aged 56．For his amazing achievements and for his determination even in his darkest days, Beethoven is regarded as㉝ one of the most remarkable musicians who ever lived．[8][8]本句中两个介词for短语作原因状语，who ever lived为定语从句，修饰先行词musicians。贝多芬： 非凡的一生1824年5月7日，一群音乐爱好者涌入维也纳一家剧院，去听伟大的路德维希·凡·贝多芬《第九交响曲》的首场演出。听众们立刻意识到他们正在听的是真正特别的音乐，当交响乐结束时，他们爆发出热烈的欢呼声。贝多芬，在他生命的这个阶段几乎完全失聪，直到一位歌手让他转过身来面对听众他才意识到听众的反应。他看到面前人山人海，人们站着鼓掌并挥舞着帽子和手帕，表达对他杰作的赞赏。《第九交响曲》是贝多芬非凡一生中创作的大量作品中的最后一部主要作品。作为一位天才少年，贝多芬被他的父亲逼着日夜学习音乐。不久之后，他的钢琴表演开始受到人们的欣赏。他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。音乐界的许多重要人物，包括杰出的音乐家莫扎特，都开始预测贝多芬非凡的未来。然而，生活出现逆转。在他快三十岁的时候，贝多芬经历了一个音乐家可能经历过的最糟糕的转折： 他开始丧失听力。失聪使贝多芬非常沮丧。一开始，他很难过，想要对此保密。在一封给他兄弟的信中，他写道：“……我怎么可能承认在某种感官上的弱点呢，我应该比其他人更完美，我曾经拥有的感官最完美……” 然而，即使在最黑暗的时刻，贝多芬从未放弃希望。尽管他的听力受损，但他决心要找到一种方法继续过充满音乐的生活。他使用了各种助听器，试图增加他能接收的音量。当他用钢琴谱曲时，他会把铅笔的一头放进嘴里，把另一头抵在钢琴上，这样他就能感觉到音符。虽然贝多芬能够继续创作音乐，但他在公众面前演奏变得越来越困难。当贝多芬1824年在维也纳演奏《第九交响曲》时，这是他十多年来第一次登台演出。从那天起，贝多芬的《第九交响曲》成为古典音乐史上最著名且最珍贵的作品之一。第一乐章静静地开始，但突然整个管弦乐队进入了一个充满活力的主题。很快你就能感受到这种贯穿在音乐中的决心，这是贝多芬因自己的听力问题而深刻体会到的品质。接下来的两个乐章充满了绝望的低谷和令人振奋的高潮，这也许反映了他的痛苦和他与之斗争的坚强意志。这首乐曲将技术上棘手的部分处理得轻松自如，显示出他作为作曲家的天赋。最后，在第四乐章中，他把所有不同的变奏连接成欢乐的合唱。作为贝多芬最后一部伟大的作品，他的《第九交响曲》也是他人生的最后乐章——他在维也纳音乐会结束后不到三年就去世了，享年56岁。由于他惊人的成就和他即使在最黑暗的日子里的决心，贝多芬被认为是有史以来最杰出的音乐家之一。
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