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译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT4 Period4课件
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这是一份译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT4 Period4课件，共54页。
Period 4 UNIT 4 Exploring poetry主题语境 人与社会—— 诗歌领域的代表性作品和人物课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage)break down 损坏；使分解；出故障break in 强行进入；插嘴，打断break into 强行闯入；突然开始break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break away from 从(政党、组织等)脱离出去；从……中逃脱/挣脱； 离开(家、家庭或工作)1．break with sth．与某事终止关联，破除[即学即练] 完成句子①警察抓住那扒手的手臂，却被他挣脱逃走了。The pickpocket ________________________________ who had been holding his arm．②别人说话的时候千万别插嘴。Never _______ while others are talking．③那幢楼里的电梯总出故障。The elevators in that building _____________________．broke away from the policemanbreak inare always breaking downadvocate sth． 提倡某事advocate doing sth． 提倡做某事advocate that sb．(should) do sth．提倡某人应该做某事2．advocate vt．拥护，支持，提倡 n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译①Many experts advocate _________ (reward) your child for good behavior．②为了保护环境，我们提倡回收和再利用纸张和塑料。a．In order to protect our environment，we advocate _____________________________________．b．In order to protect our environment，we advocate that ___________________________________________．rewardingrecycling and reusing paper and plasticspaper and plastics (should) be recycled and reused have belief in sth．/sb． 对某事/某人有信心beyond belief 难以置信in the belief that... 相信……It is my belief that... 我相信……3．belief n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①We are a young team but I have great belief __ these players．②His success was ______ belief since his competitor was so experienced．③我相信这些历史剧有吸引力，容易理解。________________ the historical plays are attractive and easy to understand．inbeyondIt is my belief thatP481．_____________________ 用新的且不同的方式2．__________________________________ 与18世纪的观念决裂3．________________________ 拒绝遵守死板的规则4．______________________________________ 强调想象力的重要性in new and different waysbreak with the ideals of the 18th centuryrefuse to follow rigid rulesput emphasis on the importance of imagination5．________________ 回到过去6．__________________________________ 经历被称为工业化的过程7．______________________________ 对正在发生的事情感到高兴8．_________________________ 提倡回归自然9．_________ 结果10．______________________ 成为一个常见的主题a return to the pastundergo a process called industrializationbe pleased with what was happeningadvocate going back to natureas a resultbecome a common themeP491．_____________ 关注自然2．________________ 获得学位3．_____________ 很多想法4．__________________ 成为亲密朋友5．___________________ 对……有巨大的影响6．__________________ 诗集7．____________________ 表达他们的感受8．________________________ 更喜欢住在乡下focus on naturereceive his degreeplenty of ideasbecome close friendshave a huge impact ona collection of poemsexpress their feelingsprefer living in the country非谓语动词作补语、定语和状语[观察例句]观察例句并指出黑体部分的语法作用1．I heard her sing an English song just now． ______2．He left，leaving me to do all the rest work． ______3．Have you read the novel written by Dickens？ ______4．They went there to visit their teacher． ______5．Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake． ______作补语作状语作定语作状语作状语[归纳用法]一、非谓语动词作补语1．感官动词see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to等和使役动词have，let，make后面的宾语补足语有三种动词形式，即动词原形(不带to 的不定式)、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。动词-ing形式表主动或正在进行，动词-ed形式表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成的全过程。如：I heard her singing a song when I passed by her room yesterday．昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱歌。I have heard the English song sung many times．我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。2．注意在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to。She was seen to enter the manager's office ten minutes ago．有人看见她十分钟前进入了经理的办公室。[名师点津] “notice/watch sb．do sth．”没有相对应的被动语态。3．不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语只表完成和状态。如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone．(状态)我低头看我的脖子，发现我的项链不见了。I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much．(完成)我惊讶地发现我的家乡变化很大。4．leave后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，表示“使……处于某种状态”。如：It's wrong of you to leave the machine running．你让机器一直开着是不对的。The guests left most of the dishes untouched，because they didn't taste delicious．大部分菜客人们都没有动，因为它们尝起来不可口。Leave the rice to cook for 20 minutes．把大米煮20分钟。[名师点津] 在以上可以变为被动语态的句子中，当其变为被动语态时原在句子中作宾语补足语的非谓语动词将变为主语补足语。[即时训练1] 单句语法填空①At the party，the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself _______ (notice)．②As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica，she found herself ______ (greet) by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello．③They told me that they had seen two deer ________ (drink) by the riverside．noticedgreeteddrinking二、非谓语动词作定语1．不定式作定语(1)被修饰的名词或代词就是不定式的逻辑主语，在时间上一般表将来动作；通常用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any 等限定的中心词，以及不定代词。如：I borrowed some books to read during my holiday．我在假期里借了一些书看。He is the best man to do the job．他是最适合做这个工作的人。(2)另外，不定式常用来修饰ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time 等抽象名词。如：Do you have the ability to read and write English?你有读写英语的能力吗？I have a chance to go sightseeing．我有一个去观光的机会。[名师点津] ①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面常需搭配相应的介词。 如：Do you have enough paper to write on?你有足够多的纸来写字吗？The Browns have a comfortable house to live in．布朗一家有个舒适的房子住着。②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词与该不定式是被动关系时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)2．动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作定语(1)动词-ing形式作定语表示主动的、正在发生的事，动词-ed形式作定语表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。如：I have never seen a more moving movie．我从未看过比这更感人的电影。The houses being built are for the teachers．正在建造的房子是给老师的。The broken glass is Tom's．被打碎的玻璃杯是汤姆的。(2)作定语的不及物动词：动词-ing形式表示正在进行；动词-ed形式表示已经完成。如：falling leaves 正在落下的叶子fallen leaves 落下的叶子boiling water 正沸腾的水boiled water 沸腾过的水(白开水)[即时训练2] 单句语法填空①If you hand in your homework late，attach a note __________ (explain) the reason for the delay．②The airport _____________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area．③A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an，as a first step _________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot．④“...It can help to build a community with a ______ (share) future for mankind，” he said．explainingto be completedto journeyshared三、非谓语动词作状语1．不定式作状语He sat down to have a rest．(表目的)他坐下来休息。He woke up only to find everybody had gone．他醒来发现大家都走了。(表结果)[名师点津] (1)某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的形容词作表语时，其后的不定式作原因状语。如：I am very glad to see you．我非常高兴见到你。(2)在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：He was too excited not to say a few words．他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。2．动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。如：Hearing the news，they got excited．听到这个消息，他们非常兴奋。(时间)Working hard，you will succeed．努力工作，你会成功的。(条件)[即时训练3] 单句语法填空①____________ (strengthen) the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media，inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts．②He hurried to the train station only _______(find) the train had left．To strengthento find③__________ (surround) by beautiful green mountains，this area is a famous tourist attraction．④_____________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country．SurroundedCovering⑤The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management．to increase短文语法填空On your 46th birthday，Mom gave me the letter 1．_______ (write) by you．In your letter，you said you were looking forward to 2．______ (see) me fighting for my future bravely and doing well for myself and others．writtenseeingAfter 3．_______ (read) this letter，I feel quite 4．_______ (shock) at your expectations of me．I also feel ashamed of not 5．_____________________________ (perform) well to meet your demands before．I still remember when I was in primary school，I failed 6．___________ (apply) myself to studying．You didn't blame me at all．Instead，you taught me that 7．________ (study) was the most important object at the moment and encouraged me 8．_____ (try) hard．Only when I read your letter did I realize that I behaved so badly at that time and you were so sad 9．________(find) I didn't do well for myself．I can't help 10．__________ (express) my gratitude．readingshockedperforming/having performedto applystudyingto tryto findexpressing①reach out for伸手去拿②dare vi．& vt．敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)③for fear of生怕；免得④dweller n．居民，居住者⑤striking adj．引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的striking imagination惊人的想象力课下预习 第二篇课文(Extended reading)⑥characterize vt．是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画⑦contribute to有助于；捐献；带来，促成⑧of different schools不同学派的⑨Confucianism n．儒家，儒学，孔子学说⑩Taoism n．道教，道家⑪legend n．传说，传奇故事；传奇人物⑫familiarize oneself with使自己熟悉⑬more importantly更重要的是⑭in one's early twenties在某人二十出头的时候⑮encounter vt．偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n．相遇，遭遇，冲突encounter different customs and practices遇见不同的风俗习惯⑯nourish vt．培养，助长；抚养，滋养⑰numerous adj．众多的，许多的⑱be rooted in根源在于；植根于⑲glorious adj．荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的⑳boom n．(贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi．迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛economic boom经济繁荣㉑stability n．稳定(性)，稳固(性)social stability社会稳定㉒tolerant adj．宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的㉓liberty n．自由㉔unconstrained adj．不受约束的，自由的㉕in turn反过来；转而；轮流，依次㉖have a huge impact on对……有巨大的影响㉗given his personal experiences鉴于他的个人经历㉘the majority of……的大多数㉙vitality n．生命力，活力，热情breathe vitality into为……注入活力㉚distinguish vt．& vi．成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众distinguish...from区别……，辨别……㉛exaggeration n．夸张，夸大㉜metaphor n．暗喻，隐喻㉝representative adj．典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表be representative of代表㉞frost n．霜；霜冻，严寒天气㉟cast vt．投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n．全体演员；投，抛㊱owe vt．欠(情)；欠(债)㊲debt n．人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务㊳fascinate vt．& vi．深深吸引，迷住㊴entitle vt．给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格Li Bai and his romantic poetryA hundred feet the temple towers；I can reach out for ① the stars in the sky．But I dare② not speak in a voice loud，For fear of ③ scaring dwellers④ on high．(“A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple”)It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years．[1] With striking⑤ imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”，this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style，which was later to characterize⑥ Li Bai's poetry．[1]本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。Li Bai's love of reading and travelling from an early age contributed to⑦ his romantic style．He started studying the classics when he was only five years old, and was reading ancient philosophers of different schools⑧ at the age of ten, including Confucianism⑨and Taoism⑩．[2] By reading books of all kinds，from legends⑪ to historical stories，he familiarized himself with⑫ classical Chinese culture，and more importantly⑬，he acquired the wisdom of previous generations．[2]本句中动词-ing形式短语studying the classics 作动词started的宾语，when引导时间状语从句。Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel，Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties⑭．His footsteps covered almost the whole country．During his travels，he visited famous mountains and great rivers，encountering⑮ different customs and practices[3]．These travelling experiences also nourished⑯ his love of nature and inspired him to write numerous⑰poems in the romantic style．[3]动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语。Li Bai's romantic style was also deeply rooted in⑱ the social and historical context in which he lived．Li Bai grew up in the most glorious⑲ period of the Tang Dynasty，a time of economic boom⑳ and social stability㉑．This open and tolerant㉒ atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty㉓ to develop a free and unconstrained㉔ personality，which, in turn㉕，had a huge impact on㉖ his poetic production[4]．[4] which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词personality。Given his personal experiences㉗ and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the majority of㉘ Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style．[5] Even the most uninformed reader would not fail to be impressed by the poet's rich imagination．The moonand stars in the sky，the natural landscape and the figures in legends all become a vehicle for his imagination．Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality㉙ into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes㉚ him from other landscape poets．[6] These features are inseparable from Li Bai's wide use of exaggeration㉛，metaphor㉜ and other artistic techniques．The poem below，written in his fifties，is representative㉝ of his romantic style：My silver hair is three thousand feet long，Because my sorrow is deep and strong．How can the autumn frost ㉞ whiteBe cast㉟ into the mirror bright?(“Autumn Frost”)[5]本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语to see...，其中that引导宾语从句。[6]本句中主句为倒装句，正常语序为Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings is equally impressive；后面是and连接的两个定语从句，修饰先行词free expression，其中he describes为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词lifeless objects。With his extraordinary imagination, free expression of strong feelings and mastery of language, Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan．[7] Generations of poets，both in China and abroad，owe㊱ a debt㊲ to his inspirational poems．One such poet is Ezra Pound，a 20th-century American poet．He was fascinated㊳ by Li Bai's poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection entitled㊴ Cathay．Today Li Bai's poetry continues to be enjoyed by countless readers around the world．[7]本句中With his...of language作原因状语，be widely recognized as表示“被公认为……”。李白和他的浪漫主义诗歌危楼高百尺，手可摘星辰。不敢高声语，恐惊天上人。(《夜宿山寺》)相传此诗为李白少年时所作。这首早期的诗以“惊天上人”等惊人的想象力表现了浪漫主义的风格，这是后来李白诗歌的特点。李白从小酷爱读书和旅游，这造就了他的浪漫主义风格。他五岁就开始学习经典著作，十岁就开始阅读包括儒、道在内的诸子百家的著作。通过阅读各种书籍，从传说到历史故事，他熟悉了中国古典文化，更重要的是，他学到了前辈的智慧。在对冒险和旅行的强烈渴望的驱使下，李白在二十出头的时候离开家，开始四处旅游。他的足迹几乎遍及整个国家。在他的旅行中，他游览了名山大川，遇见了不同的风俗习惯。这些旅行经历也滋养了他对自然的热爱，激发他写了许多浪漫主义风格的诗歌。李白的浪漫主义风格也深深植根于他所生活的社会和历史背景中。李白成长于唐朝最辉煌的时期，当时经济繁荣，社会稳定。这种开放、宽容的氛围使李白具有了自由自在、无拘无束的个性，转而对他的诗歌创作产生了巨大的影响。鉴于李白的个人经历和历史背景，很自然地看到李白的诗歌大多具有浪漫主义风格。即使是最不了解情况的读者也会对这位诗人丰富的想象力印象深刻。天上的月亮和星星、自然景观、传说中的人物，都成为他想象的载体。同样令人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下无生命的物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。这些特点与李白广泛运用夸张、隐喻等艺术手法是分不开的。下面这首诗写于他50多岁的时候，是他浪漫主义风格的代表：白发三千丈，缘愁似个长。不知明镜里，何处得秋霜。(《秋浦歌十七首·其十五》)李白以其非凡的想象力、对强烈情感的自由抒发和对语言的精通，被公认为继屈原之后最伟大的浪漫主义诗人。一代又一代的中外诗人都得益于他那鼓舞人心的诗歌。20世纪的美国诗人埃兹拉·庞德就是其中一位。他被李白的诗迷住了，在他1915年的诗集《华夏》中翻译了其中的一些。今天，李白的诗歌继续受到世界各地无数读者的喜爱。
Period 4 UNIT 4 Exploring poetry主题语境 人与社会—— 诗歌领域的代表性作品和人物课时学案 单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage)break down 损坏；使分解；出故障break in 强行进入；插嘴，打断break into 强行闯入；突然开始break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break away from 从(政党、组织等)脱离出去；从……中逃脱/挣脱； 离开(家、家庭或工作)1．break with sth．与某事终止关联，破除[即学即练] 完成句子①警察抓住那扒手的手臂，却被他挣脱逃走了。The pickpocket ________________________________ who had been holding his arm．②别人说话的时候千万别插嘴。Never _______ while others are talking．③那幢楼里的电梯总出故障。The elevators in that building _____________________．broke away from the policemanbreak inare always breaking downadvocate sth． 提倡某事advocate doing sth． 提倡做某事advocate that sb．(should) do sth．提倡某人应该做某事2．advocate vt．拥护，支持，提倡 n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译①Many experts advocate _________ (reward) your child for good behavior．②为了保护环境，我们提倡回收和再利用纸张和塑料。a．In order to protect our environment，we advocate _____________________________________．b．In order to protect our environment，we advocate that ___________________________________________．rewardingrecycling and reusing paper and plasticspaper and plastics (should) be recycled and reused have belief in sth．/sb． 对某事/某人有信心beyond belief 难以置信in the belief that... 相信……It is my belief that... 我相信……3．belief n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①We are a young team but I have great belief __ these players．②His success was ______ belief since his competitor was so experienced．③我相信这些历史剧有吸引力，容易理解。________________ the historical plays are attractive and easy to understand．inbeyondIt is my belief thatP481．_____________________ 用新的且不同的方式2．__________________________________ 与18世纪的观念决裂3．________________________ 拒绝遵守死板的规则4．______________________________________ 强调想象力的重要性in new and different waysbreak with the ideals of the 18th centuryrefuse to follow rigid rulesput emphasis on the importance of imagination5．________________ 回到过去6．__________________________________ 经历被称为工业化的过程7．______________________________ 对正在发生的事情感到高兴8．_________________________ 提倡回归自然9．_________ 结果10．______________________ 成为一个常见的主题a return to the pastundergo a process called industrializationbe pleased with what was happeningadvocate going back to natureas a resultbecome a common themeP491．_____________ 关注自然2．________________ 获得学位3．_____________ 很多想法4．__________________ 成为亲密朋友5．___________________ 对……有巨大的影响6．__________________ 诗集7．____________________ 表达他们的感受8．________________________ 更喜欢住在乡下focus on naturereceive his degreeplenty of ideasbecome close friendshave a huge impact ona collection of poemsexpress their feelingsprefer living in the country非谓语动词作补语、定语和状语[观察例句]观察例句并指出黑体部分的语法作用1．I heard her sing an English song just now． ______2．He left，leaving me to do all the rest work． ______3．Have you read the novel written by Dickens？ ______4．They went there to visit their teacher． ______5．Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake． ______作补语作状语作定语作状语作状语[归纳用法]一、非谓语动词作补语1．感官动词see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to等和使役动词have，let，make后面的宾语补足语有三种动词形式，即动词原形(不带to 的不定式)、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。动词-ing形式表主动或正在进行，动词-ed形式表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成的全过程。如：I heard her singing a song when I passed by her room yesterday．昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱歌。I have heard the English song sung many times．我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。2．注意在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to。She was seen to enter the manager's office ten minutes ago．有人看见她十分钟前进入了经理的办公室。[名师点津] “notice/watch sb．do sth．”没有相对应的被动语态。3．不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语只表完成和状态。如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone．(状态)我低头看我的脖子，发现我的项链不见了。I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much．(完成)我惊讶地发现我的家乡变化很大。4．leave后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，表示“使……处于某种状态”。如：It's wrong of you to leave the machine running．你让机器一直开着是不对的。The guests left most of the dishes untouched，because they didn't taste delicious．大部分菜客人们都没有动，因为它们尝起来不可口。Leave the rice to cook for 20 minutes．把大米煮20分钟。[名师点津] 在以上可以变为被动语态的句子中，当其变为被动语态时原在句子中作宾语补足语的非谓语动词将变为主语补足语。[即时训练1] 单句语法填空①At the party，the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself _______ (notice)．②As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica，she found herself ______ (greet) by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello．③They told me that they had seen two deer ________ (drink) by the riverside．noticedgreeteddrinking二、非谓语动词作定语1．不定式作定语(1)被修饰的名词或代词就是不定式的逻辑主语，在时间上一般表将来动作；通常用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any 等限定的中心词，以及不定代词。如：I borrowed some books to read during my holiday．我在假期里借了一些书看。He is the best man to do the job．他是最适合做这个工作的人。(2)另外，不定式常用来修饰ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time 等抽象名词。如：Do you have the ability to read and write English?你有读写英语的能力吗？I have a chance to go sightseeing．我有一个去观光的机会。[名师点津] ①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面常需搭配相应的介词。 如：Do you have enough paper to write on?你有足够多的纸来写字吗？The Browns have a comfortable house to live in．布朗一家有个舒适的房子住着。②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词与该不定式是被动关系时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)2．动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作定语(1)动词-ing形式作定语表示主动的、正在发生的事，动词-ed形式作定语表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。如：I have never seen a more moving movie．我从未看过比这更感人的电影。The houses being built are for the teachers．正在建造的房子是给老师的。The broken glass is Tom's．被打碎的玻璃杯是汤姆的。(2)作定语的不及物动词：动词-ing形式表示正在进行；动词-ed形式表示已经完成。如：falling leaves 正在落下的叶子fallen leaves 落下的叶子boiling water 正沸腾的水boiled water 沸腾过的水(白开水)[即时训练2] 单句语法填空①If you hand in your homework late，attach a note __________ (explain) the reason for the delay．②The airport _____________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area．③A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an，as a first step _________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot．④“...It can help to build a community with a ______ (share) future for mankind，” he said．explainingto be completedto journeyshared三、非谓语动词作状语1．不定式作状语He sat down to have a rest．(表目的)他坐下来休息。He woke up only to find everybody had gone．他醒来发现大家都走了。(表结果)[名师点津] (1)某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的形容词作表语时，其后的不定式作原因状语。如：I am very glad to see you．我非常高兴见到你。(2)在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：He was too excited not to say a few words．他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。2．动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。如：Hearing the news，they got excited．听到这个消息，他们非常兴奋。(时间)Working hard，you will succeed．努力工作，你会成功的。(条件)[即时训练3] 单句语法填空①____________ (strengthen) the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media，inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts．②He hurried to the train station only _______(find) the train had left．To strengthento find③__________ (surround) by beautiful green mountains，this area is a famous tourist attraction．④_____________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country．SurroundedCovering⑤The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management．to increase短文语法填空On your 46th birthday，Mom gave me the letter 1．_______ (write) by you．In your letter，you said you were looking forward to 2．______ (see) me fighting for my future bravely and doing well for myself and others．writtenseeingAfter 3．_______ (read) this letter，I feel quite 4．_______ (shock) at your expectations of me．I also feel ashamed of not 5．_____________________________ (perform) well to meet your demands before．I still remember when I was in primary school，I failed 6．___________ (apply) myself to studying．You didn't blame me at all．Instead，you taught me that 7．________ (study) was the most important object at the moment and encouraged me 8．_____ (try) hard．Only when I read your letter did I realize that I behaved so badly at that time and you were so sad 9．________(find) I didn't do well for myself．I can't help 10．__________ (express) my gratitude．readingshockedperforming/having performedto applystudyingto tryto findexpressing①reach out for伸手去拿②dare vi．& vt．敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)③for fear of生怕；免得④dweller n．居民，居住者⑤striking adj．引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的striking imagination惊人的想象力课下预习 第二篇课文(Extended reading)⑥characterize vt．是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画⑦contribute to有助于；捐献；带来，促成⑧of different schools不同学派的⑨Confucianism n．儒家，儒学，孔子学说⑩Taoism n．道教，道家⑪legend n．传说，传奇故事；传奇人物⑫familiarize oneself with使自己熟悉⑬more importantly更重要的是⑭in one's early twenties在某人二十出头的时候⑮encounter vt．偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n．相遇，遭遇，冲突encounter different customs and practices遇见不同的风俗习惯⑯nourish vt．培养，助长；抚养，滋养⑰numerous adj．众多的，许多的⑱be rooted in根源在于；植根于⑲glorious adj．荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的⑳boom n．(贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi．迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛economic boom经济繁荣㉑stability n．稳定(性)，稳固(性)social stability社会稳定㉒tolerant adj．宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的㉓liberty n．自由㉔unconstrained adj．不受约束的，自由的㉕in turn反过来；转而；轮流，依次㉖have a huge impact on对……有巨大的影响㉗given his personal experiences鉴于他的个人经历㉘the majority of……的大多数㉙vitality n．生命力，活力，热情breathe vitality into为……注入活力㉚distinguish vt．& vi．成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众distinguish...from区别……，辨别……㉛exaggeration n．夸张，夸大㉜metaphor n．暗喻，隐喻㉝representative adj．典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表be representative of代表㉞frost n．霜；霜冻，严寒天气㉟cast vt．投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n．全体演员；投，抛㊱owe vt．欠(情)；欠(债)㊲debt n．人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务㊳fascinate vt．& vi．深深吸引，迷住㊴entitle vt．给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格Li Bai and his romantic poetryA hundred feet the temple towers；I can reach out for ① the stars in the sky．But I dare② not speak in a voice loud，For fear of ③ scaring dwellers④ on high．(“A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple”)It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years．[1] With striking⑤ imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”，this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style，which was later to characterize⑥ Li Bai's poetry．[1]本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。Li Bai's love of reading and travelling from an early age contributed to⑦ his romantic style．He started studying the classics when he was only five years old, and was reading ancient philosophers of different schools⑧ at the age of ten, including Confucianism⑨and Taoism⑩．[2] By reading books of all kinds，from legends⑪ to historical stories，he familiarized himself with⑫ classical Chinese culture，and more importantly⑬，he acquired the wisdom of previous generations．[2]本句中动词-ing形式短语studying the classics 作动词started的宾语，when引导时间状语从句。Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel，Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties⑭．His footsteps covered almost the whole country．During his travels，he visited famous mountains and great rivers，encountering⑮ different customs and practices[3]．These travelling experiences also nourished⑯ his love of nature and inspired him to write numerous⑰poems in the romantic style．[3]动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语。Li Bai's romantic style was also deeply rooted in⑱ the social and historical context in which he lived．Li Bai grew up in the most glorious⑲ period of the Tang Dynasty，a time of economic boom⑳ and social stability㉑．This open and tolerant㉒ atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty㉓ to develop a free and unconstrained㉔ personality，which, in turn㉕，had a huge impact on㉖ his poetic production[4]．[4] which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词personality。Given his personal experiences㉗ and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the majority of㉘ Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style．[5] Even the most uninformed reader would not fail to be impressed by the poet's rich imagination．The moonand stars in the sky，the natural landscape and the figures in legends all become a vehicle for his imagination．Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality㉙ into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes㉚ him from other landscape poets．[6] These features are inseparable from Li Bai's wide use of exaggeration㉛，metaphor㉜ and other artistic techniques．The poem below，written in his fifties，is representative㉝ of his romantic style：My silver hair is three thousand feet long，Because my sorrow is deep and strong．How can the autumn frost ㉞ whiteBe cast㉟ into the mirror bright?(“Autumn Frost”)[5]本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语to see...，其中that引导宾语从句。[6]本句中主句为倒装句，正常语序为Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings is equally impressive；后面是and连接的两个定语从句，修饰先行词free expression，其中he describes为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词lifeless objects。With his extraordinary imagination, free expression of strong feelings and mastery of language, Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan．[7] Generations of poets，both in China and abroad，owe㊱ a debt㊲ to his inspirational poems．One such poet is Ezra Pound，a 20th-century American poet．He was fascinated㊳ by Li Bai's poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection entitled㊴ Cathay．Today Li Bai's poetry continues to be enjoyed by countless readers around the world．[7]本句中With his...of language作原因状语，be widely recognized as表示“被公认为……”。李白和他的浪漫主义诗歌危楼高百尺，手可摘星辰。不敢高声语，恐惊天上人。(《夜宿山寺》)相传此诗为李白少年时所作。这首早期的诗以“惊天上人”等惊人的想象力表现了浪漫主义的风格，这是后来李白诗歌的特点。李白从小酷爱读书和旅游，这造就了他的浪漫主义风格。他五岁就开始学习经典著作，十岁就开始阅读包括儒、道在内的诸子百家的著作。通过阅读各种书籍，从传说到历史故事，他熟悉了中国古典文化，更重要的是，他学到了前辈的智慧。在对冒险和旅行的强烈渴望的驱使下，李白在二十出头的时候离开家，开始四处旅游。他的足迹几乎遍及整个国家。在他的旅行中，他游览了名山大川，遇见了不同的风俗习惯。这些旅行经历也滋养了他对自然的热爱，激发他写了许多浪漫主义风格的诗歌。李白的浪漫主义风格也深深植根于他所生活的社会和历史背景中。李白成长于唐朝最辉煌的时期，当时经济繁荣，社会稳定。这种开放、宽容的氛围使李白具有了自由自在、无拘无束的个性，转而对他的诗歌创作产生了巨大的影响。鉴于李白的个人经历和历史背景，很自然地看到李白的诗歌大多具有浪漫主义风格。即使是最不了解情况的读者也会对这位诗人丰富的想象力印象深刻。天上的月亮和星星、自然景观、传说中的人物，都成为他想象的载体。同样令人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下无生命的物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。这些特点与李白广泛运用夸张、隐喻等艺术手法是分不开的。下面这首诗写于他50多岁的时候，是他浪漫主义风格的代表：白发三千丈，缘愁似个长。不知明镜里，何处得秋霜。(《秋浦歌十七首·其十五》)李白以其非凡的想象力、对强烈情感的自由抒发和对语言的精通，被公认为继屈原之后最伟大的浪漫主义诗人。一代又一代的中外诗人都得益于他那鼓舞人心的诗歌。20世纪的美国诗人埃兹拉·庞德就是其中一位。他被李白的诗迷住了，在他1915年的诗集《华夏》中翻译了其中的一些。今天，李白的诗歌继续受到世界各地无数读者的喜爱。
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