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- 专题01 名词 (原卷版+解析版) 试卷 1 次下载
- 专题03 代词 (原卷版+解析版) 试卷 1 次下载
- 专题04 冠词 (原卷版+解析版) 试卷 1 次下载
- 专题05 介词 (原卷版+解析版) 试卷 1 次下载
- 专题06 形容词和副词 (原卷版+解析版) 试卷 2 次下载
专题02 动词 (原卷版+解析版)
展开Part1 1:知识点梳理
常见的十种动词时态,尤其是对一般过去时和现在完成时的考查;
2. 被动语态。
知识点1 基本用法
1. 常见的十种动词时态有:一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、过去将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时。
2. 动词的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。
Peple speak English all ver the wrld. (主动语态)
English is spken all ver the wrld. (被动语态)
知识点1 常考时态的用法
1. 一般现在时
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
Tm ften ges t schl by bike.
(2)表示自然现象、客观事实或普遍真理。
Spring fllws winter.
(3)表示现有的性质、能力或状态。
The flwers lk beautiful.
(4)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作,这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词,例如cme, g, leave, start, arrive, begin, meet, fall, clse, pen, end, stp, return, take ff等。
The party begins at 7 ’clck.
(5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
I’ll write yu a letter as sn as I get there.
If I have enugh time, I’ll travel arund the wrld.
Wherever yu g, yu will see the same thing.
2. 现在进行时
(1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
Are yu wrking hard this term?
The car is being repaired.
(2)cme, g, leave, d, send, take ff, sail, arrive, return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。
We are ging hiking this Sunday.
(3)与always, ften, all the time, cnstantly, cntinuusly, frever等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状态,常含有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感情色彩,但并非强调动作正在进行。
He is always getting angry with me.
3. 现在完成时
(1)表示过去的动作现已结束,但对现在产生影响,常带有already, just, ever, never等副词。
He has already btained a schlarship.
(2)表示动作或状态从过去开始,一直持续到现在。此时,通常用延续性动词,并常与表示一段时间的状语连用,例如fr ten minutes, since 1980, in recent years, s far。
The film has been n fr half an hur.
(3)表示到目前为止的一段时间内,第……次做某事。
It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film.
4. 现在完成进行时
(1)发生在过去的动作或状态,持续到现在或将继续下去,可以译成“一直”。现在完成时侧重持续或影响到现在,不强调将来的延续。
I have been cleaning the huse all the afternn.
(2)到目前为止,多次重复发生的动作或状态。
I have been telephning him several times this mrning.
5. 一般将来时
(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
The ftball game will begin sn.
(2)表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势。
Fish will die withut water.
(3)表示临时的决定。
— We dn’t have any milk in ur fridge.
— I’ll g and buy sme.
(4)其他表示将来的结构
① be ging t d表示主观打算或有迹象将要发生某事。
I’m ging t have my hair cut after wrk.
Lk at the cluds in the sky. It is ging t rain.
② be+t d表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,还可表示命令或注定要发生的事。
There is t be an English exam next Mnday.
Father warned his sn,“Yu are t be back by ten.”
The wrst is still t cme.
③ be abut t d表示正要去做某事,但不与表将来的时间状语连用。
I am abut t g shpping.
注意:if条件句中一般不用将来时,如果使用will,其意义为“愿意”。
If yu will give her anther chance, she will surprise yu.
6. 过去将来时
表示对过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he wuld cme t ur schl.
7. 一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
I bught a new bike last week.
(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
He ften watched TV at night.
8. 过去进行时
(1)表示过去某段时间里或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
I was playing cmputer games when my parents came hme.
He slipped ut f the classrm when the teacher was nt nticing him.
(2)表示过去频繁发生的动作或习惯,常与always等副词连用。
Mrs. Black was always having dinner with her ld parents.
9. 过去完成时
(1)表示过去某时间或某动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。
I had read the reprt by last weekend.
When I came back, he had eaten all the sweets.
(2)在hardly/scarcely... when, n sner... than, It was the first/secnd... time (that)... 等句型中。
We had hardly/scarcely left the huse when it began t rain.
N sner had we left the huse than it began t rain.
It was the third time he had been ut f wrk that year.
(3)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成时,表示未曾实现的愿望,意为“本打算……,本希望……”。这类动词有mean, intend, expect, hpe, want, plan, think, suppse等。
They had wanted t help but culd nt get there in time.
知识点2 几组时态的区别
知识点4 固定结构中的时态
知识点5 八种时态的标志词
知识点6 主动语态表示被动意义
Part 2:高考真题精选
1.(2022新高考I卷)
The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that __________ (be)previusly unprtected,
2.(2022新高考I卷)
After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, and leaving behind precius natural assets(资产)fr future generatins”.
3(2022全国甲卷)
In the last five years, Ca ___________ (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents
4.(2022全国乙卷)
The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety ___________ (address) the pening ceremny.
5(2022年浙江卷1月)
Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like frequently by plane ________(view) as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin.
6(2022年浙江卷1月)
But Cbb and thers ________ (be) nw questining that idea pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely, and ________(change) their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
7(2022年浙江卷1月)
On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, rughly 200 academics —many f them climate scientists __________ (prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
8.(2022年新高考2卷)
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny. He quickly ___43___ (thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut.
9.(2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空)
What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can't help wndering hw hard it 6 (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.
10.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空)
After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and 10 (sell) mst f their furniture.
11.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)
It 1 (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred(修复).
12.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)
We 6 (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate.
13.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空)
It desn't impress like Gerge Washingtn's plantatin n the Phmac, but Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, 1 (prve) irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the publie.
14.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空)
Mary's niece wrte, pretty, "The little hme 5 (paint) white.
15.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)
It is calculated by dividing a persn’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 4 (cnsider) healthy.
16.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)
In cities, hwever, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in wmen and 1.6 in men.
17.(2021.6全国甲卷 改错)
One f the questins are: Wh will yu g in times f truble?
18.(2021.6全国乙卷 改错)
That's ur view n husewrk. And hpes this can inspire mre thinking n the tpic!
19.(2021.6全国乙卷 改错)
I als water the flwers in the yard and tidying up my wn bedrm whatever necessary.
20.(2021.3 天津卷 单选)
We quite enugh wrk fr the mrning; nw let's take a break.
A. have dne B. will d C. had dne D. were ding
一般
ask/asks
asked
shall/will ask
shuld/wuld ask
进行
am/is/are asking
was/were asking
shall/will be asking
shuld/wuld be asking
完成
have/has asked
had asked
shall/will have asked
shuld/wuld have asked
完成
进行
have/has been asking
had been asking
shall/will have been asking
shuld/wuld have been asking
现在完成时
现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续
I have just finished my hmewrk.我刚刚写完作业。(看上去好像是过去才发生的事情,但是对我现在有了影响。因为写完了作业,就可以做自己想做的事情。)
过去完成时
过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作
When he came in,I had had my supper.他进来时,我就已经吃完晚餐了。(吃在进来之前,所以用过去完成时。)
This/That/It is/was the +that从句“是……次做某事”
若主句中为is,则从句时态用现在完成时;若为was,则从句时态用过去完成时
This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema tgether as a family.
It+
“要过……才”或“在……以后才”
若be动词用一般过去时,则befre 从句中常用一般过去时;若be动词用将来时,则befre 从句中常用一般现在时
I’m srry yu’ve been waiting s lng,but it’ll still be sme time befre Brian gets back.
was/were “正在做某事,这时(突然)”
在when引导的从句中,谓语动词用过去式
I was abut t leave when he came in.
I had just lcked the dr when I realised I had left my key n the kitchen table.
was/were abut t “正要做某事,这时(突然)”
had “刚做完某事,这时(突然)”
It is/has been+时间段+since
since从句用过去时。该句型表某个动作持续多久。但若since后跟延续性动词,要翻译成否定含义,即“没做某事已经多久了”
It has been three years since he wrked here.
他不在这工作已经三年了。
It has been three years since he smked.
他已经戒烟三年了。
It has been three years since he began t smke.
他吸烟有三年了。
一般过去时
ag,yesterday,the day befre yesterday,last week/year/night/mnth...,in 1989,just nw,at the age f five,ne day,ag,lng ag,nce upn a time,then(那时),n that day,the ther day(几天以前)
现在
进行时
nw,these days,at this mment/time
过去
进行时
at this time yesterday,at that time或“when+一般过去时从句”,at 1:00 last night
现在
完成时
recently,recent years,these days/years,lately,since,fr+时段(但还在延续),in the past few years,ever since,in the last/past five mnths,up t nw,since then,s far,ever,never,yet,lately,nce,twice,three/fur times...,already,befre,just
过去
完成时
befre,by the end f last year/term/mnth
一般
将来时
tmrrw,next day/week/mnth/year...,sn,in a few minutes,by...,the day after tmrrw,in the future
过去
将来时
the next day/mrning/year...,the fllwing mnth/week...
不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态
cut,sell,read,write,fill,ck,lck,wash,drive,keep
This kind f material washes easily.
The pen writes smthly.
Meat wn’t keep lng in such ht weather.
表开始、结束、运动的动词
begin,finish,start,pen,clse,stp,end,run
The shp clses at 6 day.
有些表示“需要”的动词后加动词的-ing形式
need,require,want,be wrth
Yur hair wants cutting.
The flr requires washing.
The bk is wrth reading.
不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系
hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,gd,cmfrtable,cnvenient,impssible
The questin is difficult t answer.
The bx is heavy t carry.
The prject is impssible t cmplete in a year.
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