专题46.词义猜测题——上下文中求答案（原卷版+解析版）

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词义猜测题7大猜词技巧
要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。
一根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：
①Annealing is a way f making metal sfter by heating it and then letting it cl very slwly.
句子给予了annealing一个明确的定义，即“退火”。
②It will be very hard but als very brittle — that is, it will break easily.
从that is(也就是说)后的解释中我们可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思。
③The herdsman,_wh lks after sheep, earns abut 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中lks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。
④The weather in this area is treacherus;_its sudden changes ften endanger the lives f sailrs.
分号后的句子在解释什么样的天气是treacherus, sudden change与treacherus在语义上相对应，因此含义是“突变的”。
⑤Sme gd readers find it helpful t use their sense t visualize — r picture — what they read.
visualize的意思由破折号后的picture(想象)给出了说明，因此含义为“想象”。
⑥When President Trrijs f Panama met Carter, he tried t give him a friendly abraz (hug)．
abraz对大多数人来说都很陌生，但由括号内的hug(拥抱)，我们不难推测abraz也是“拥抱”的意思。
[例1]
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin­state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
29．Which f the fllwing best explains “dminant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Cmplex. B．Advanced.
C．Pwerful. D．Mdern.
[分析] 根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项pwerful (强大的，有影响力的)。
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷）C篇节选
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
A【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
二．根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：
①They traveled a lng way, at last gt t a castle,_a large building in ld times.
同位语部分“a large building in ld times”给出了castle的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”。
②We are n the night_shift — frm midnight t 8 a．m. — this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。
③The “Chunnel”， a tunnel (隧道) cnnecting England and France, is nw cmplete.
此句中“a tunnel (隧道) cnnecting England and France”是Chunnel的同位语。因此，Chunnel指的就是英法之间的海底隧道。
[例2]
I am Peter Hdes, a vlunteer stem cell curier. Since March 2012, I've dne 89 trips — f thse, 51 have been abrad. I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last. In all, frm the time the stem cells are harvested frm a dnr (捐献者) t the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've gt 72 hurs at mst. S I am always cnscius f time.
29．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “curier” in Paragraph 1?
A．prvider B．delivery man
C．cllectr D．medical dctr
[分析] “a vlunteer stem cell curier”是“Peter Hdes”的同位语；根据文中“I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little bx”可知，Peter Hdes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人，即作者是干细胞递送员。故选择B项。
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）C篇节选
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
C【解析】词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspectin and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
三．根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：
①“Our parties are aimed fr children 2 t 10，” Anacleri said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense f drama based n a subject.”
文中interactive是由前缀inter­(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
②Perhaps, we can see sme pssibilities fr next fifty years. But the next hundred?
pssibility是pssible的同根名词，据此可以判断pssibility的意思是“可能性”。
[例]
A silence in a cnversatin may als shw stubbrnness, uneasiness,_r wrry.
[分析] 根据构词法知识我们可知，un­为否定前缀，­ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可猜测uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。
四．根据因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：
①The lack f mvement caused the muscles t weaken. Smetimes the weakness was permanent. S the player culd never play the sprt again.
从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久的”。
②Mary didn't ntice me when I came int the classrm, because she was cmpletely engrssed in her reading.
从前面的结果“当我走进教室时，玛丽没有注意到我”可以推测engrssed的意思为“全神贯注的”。
③Our visin was bscured by the trees, s we culdn't see the lake frm ur windw.
由后面的结果culdn't see(看不见)可知，我们的视线被树遮挡住(bscured)了。
[例]
…
If yu have a_juicer,_yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sftserve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children's party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert. B．A drink.
C．A cntainer. D．A machine.
[分析] 该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的后半句和第二句， “yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a ‘sft­serve’ creamy dessert, t be eaten right away.” 即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”。由此因果关系可推知juicer指的是榨汁机。故选择D项。
五．根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。例如：
①Like Schmid, the editrs f several self­published art magazines als champin (捍卫) fund phtgraphs. One f them,_called simply Fund, was brn ne snwy night in Chicag, when Davy Rthbard returned t his car t find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry nte intended fr smene else：“Why's yur car HERE at HER place？”
them指的是前面出现的self­published art magazines。
②Hwever, the questin that “mn peple” asked is still an interesting ne. A grwing number f scientists are seriusly thinking abut it.
it指的是月球人(mn peple)所问的问题(the questin)。
[例]
…
[2]Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S.the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
[3]It's Jasn Mran's jb t help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
…
29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Jazz becming mre accessible.
B．The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C．Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D．The jazz audience becming larger.
[分析] 根据语境可知，画线词that指代第二段“Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考I卷）C篇节选
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
C【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
六．根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。
[例]
Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre_is_mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.
…
32．What d the wrds “mre is mre” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．The mre, the better.
B．Enugh is enugh.
C．Mre mney, mre wrries.
D．Earn mre and spend mre.
[分析] 根据该段第一句“Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects.”可知，作者认为成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉，后面又用反问句提出了问题：但是，说到孩子们和他们的物品，我们为什么通常又认定mre is mre呢？由此推知，这里的 mre is mre与前面的 flded with为近义呼应，指“越多越好”。故选A。
七．根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
根据上下句的连接词，如but, hwever, therwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：
①A child's birthday party desn't have t be a hassle;_it can be a basket f fun.
从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket f fun是相反的意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。
②She is usually prmpt fr all her class, but tday she arrived in the middle f her first class.
but一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来”，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
③The players in the Wrld Cup are prfessinals, while thse wh play in the Olympics must be amateurs.
由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出amateurs是prfessinals(专业人士)的反义词，意思为“业余人士，业余选手”。
[例]
…
Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment. By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area. They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund.
…
29．What des the underlined wrd “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated.
C．Frced ut. D．Tracked dwn.
[分析] 画线词的前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意义，后来由于人类的发展，灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失，由此可推断出画线词的意思为“被迫离开”，故选择C项。
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国Ⅱ卷）B篇节选
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
4. What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prvided shelter fr me.B. Became very clear t me.
C. Tk the pressure ff me.D. Wrked quite well n me.
B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国Ⅱ卷）C篇节选
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
10. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
D【解析】词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，smething是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故smething指代的是法律。故选D。
随堂练习
2021年高考全国甲卷
C
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear: turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?
A. He felt disappinted.B. He gave up his hbby.
C. He liked the weather there.D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful!B. Well dne!C. N way!D. Dn't wrry!
10. Why did the authr like t spend time in Suthbank when he returned t Lndn?
A. T jin the skatebarding.B. T make new friends.
C. T learn mre tricks.D. T relive his childhd days
11. What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text?
A. Children shuld learn a secnd language.
B. Sprt is necessary fr children's health.
C. Children need a sense f belnging
D. Seeing the wrld is a must fr children.
【分析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
8A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
9B【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
10D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a lcal here 20 years ag," I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Suthbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
11C【解析】推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，故选C。
2021年高考全国乙卷
B
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）.
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users.B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins.D. Their cmplex design.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit.B. Argue.
C. Remember.D. Remark.
26. What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A. They like smartphne games.B. They enjy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phnes.D. They are attached t their family.
27. What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall ut f use sme day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as imprtant as the gas light.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。
24B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
25A【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“cncede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
26C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent f Baby Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。27B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考 I 卷）
C
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
28A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
29C【解析】词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
30D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
31A【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
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根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。要做好这类题目，考生要记住：在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。
By saying that “...” in the first (secnd ...) paragraph, the authr means that ________.
In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by “______”．
The meaning f “...” in Paragraph ... is related t ________.
Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t ... (Paragraph ...)？
As is used in Line ..., the wrd “...” refers t ________.
The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph prbably means that ________.