阅读理解 解密02 推理判断（讲义）-【高频考点解密】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲义课件PPT

这是一份阅读理解 解密02 推理判断（讲义）-【高频考点解密】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲义课件PPT，共40页。PPT课件主要包含了构建知识体系，英语学科素养解读等内容，欢迎下载使用。

【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义阅读理解解密02 推理判断的复习要点
1.D【2022·新高考I卷】Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages. Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse. They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向阅读理解之推理判断高考解密命题解读和近年考点再现考点1 引申推断题
15. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.【答案】15. C【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。15. C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的““The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Mran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Mran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。
2.B【2021·英语全国甲卷】Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: “Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.7．What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?A．The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.B．It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.C．It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.D．Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.【答案】7．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Prt Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。7．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pn Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
3.C【2021·英语全国甲卷】When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear: turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”8．What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?A．He felt disappinted.B．He gave up his hbby.C．He liked the weather there.D．He had disagreements with his family.【答案】8．A【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
4.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they? In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”13．What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?A．They think themselves smart.B．They lk up t great thinkers.C．They see gender differences earlier than bys.D．They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs【答案】13．D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。13．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief. Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
5.B【2021·全国高考乙卷】When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry. Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld. Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）. Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?27．What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?A．It remains a family necessity.B．It will fall ut f use sme day.C．It may increase daily expenses.D．It is as imprtant as the gas light.【答案】27．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
6.D【2021·全国高考乙卷】During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干扰）in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the c-wrking space acrss the street — s I can fcus”. His cmment struck me as strange. After all, c-wrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks. The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup — thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp — significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise. But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise — nt t lud and nt ttal silence — may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks. S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a c-wrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.35．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?A．He’s a news reprter.B．He’s an ffice manager.C．He’s a prfessinal designer.D．He’s a published writer.【答案】35．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。35．推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。
7.C【2021·全国新高考I卷】When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.29130．What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?A．The stamp price has gne dwn.B．The migratry birds have flwn away.C．The hunters have stpped hunting.D．The gvernment has cllected mney.【答案】30．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
8. B【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】Jenifer Mauer has needed mre willpwer than the typical cllege student t pursue her gal f earning a nursing degree. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr's degree. Mauer, f Edgar, Wiscnsin, grew up n a farm in a family f 10 children. Her dad wrked at a jb away frm the farm, and her mther ran the farm with the kids. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin（学费）, because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. After graduatin, she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling. Jennifer nw is married and has three children f her wn. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves: nursing. She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids. Jenifer received great supprt frm her family as she wrked t car her degree: Her husband wrked tw jbs t cver the bills, and her 68-year-ld mther helped take care f the children at times. Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. “Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,” she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family-and that's pretty pwerful. 7. What can we learn frm Jenifer's stry? （ ）A. Time is mney. B. Lve breaks dwn barriers. C. Hard wrk pays ff. D. Educatin is the key t success. 【答案】7. C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的Thrugh it all, she remind in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family-and that’s the pretty pwerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C. Hard wrk pays ff.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。
9. D【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】 Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly(表面上)participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test: the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?14．Why did the researchers hire the actr?A．T see hw she wuld affect the participants.B．T test if the participants culd recgnize her.C．T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.D．T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.15．On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?A．Hw hungry we are.B．Hw slim we want t be.C．Hw we perceive thers.D．Hw we feel abut the fd.
【答案】14．A15．C【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。14．推理判断题。根据第二段的“T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I’ll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I’ll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。10. B【2020·全国新课标I】Returning t a bk yu’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There’s a welcme familiarity - but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. It’s true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all abut the present. It’s abut the nw and what ne cntributes t the nw, because reading is a give and take between authr and reader. Each has t pull their wn weight.There are three bks I reread annually The first, which I take t reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble (随笔) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtazar.While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifs, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
24．Why des the authr like rereading?A．It evaluates the writer-reader relatinship.B．It’s a windw t a whle new wrld.C．It’s a substitute fr drinking with a friend.D．It extends the understanding f neself.25．What d we knw abut the bk A Mveable Feas!?A．It’s a brief accunt f a trip.B．It’s abut Hemingway’s life as a yung man.C．It’s a recrd f a histric event.D．It’s abut Hemingway’s friends in Paris.27．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?A．He lves petry.B．He’s an editr.C．He’s very ambitius.D．He teaches reading.【答案】24．D25．B27．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty f rereading lies in that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present register. It is true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Mvable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third bk is Juli Crtázar’s Save Twilight: selected pems, because petry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
推理判断题 考点2 文章来源题1.A【2022·新高考I卷】Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E. Essays (60%)Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Grup Assignments (30%)Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system. Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded. Late WrkAn essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.1. Where is this text prbably taken frm?A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.3. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?A. Yu will receive a zer.B. Yu will lse a letter grade.C. Yu will be given a test.D. Yu will have t rewrite it.【答案】1. C 2 3. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。1. C推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade f fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C。3. A推理判断题。根据“Late Wrk”部分“If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。
2.B【2022·全国高考乙卷】In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y.—Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd—traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice. In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” 7. What is the text?A. A news reprt.B. A bk review.C. A children’s stry.D. A diary entry.【答案】 7. B【解析】本文是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Drthy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。7. B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.(这本书以Rsamnd和Drthy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
推理判断题 考点3 读者对象题【广东惠州市2023届高三第三次调研】Hme delivery meal kits have been ne f the bits f the pandemic: they have enabled diners t carry n getting a taste f restaurant-quality fd, while helping restaurants t stay in business, and even make yu an excellent chef. Here are fur f the best ffering delivery in ur regin:Berenjak (berenjakbazaar.cm)“The kabab kits frm this Lndn-based Iranian restaurant — which range in price frm £25 t £45 — are a ‘class act’,” says Jay Rayner in The Observer. “My kit even included a pair f plastic glves fr me t wear while dealing with the raw meat. This is the best kind f meal kit — the cking is fun, and the finished prduct is utterly delicius.” Gujarati Rasi ()“I lve this vegetarian restaurant,” says Marina O’Lughlin in The Sunday Times. “And its meal bxes are ‘electrifyingly gd’ t. Family bxes fr fur cst £65, and I especially lve the starter (£15.50). The dishes were cmplicated, yet quite easy t ck.” Lyle’s (lylesprvisins.cm)“This Michelin-starred Lndn restaurant delivers its ‘exquisitely delicius’ menu bxes each Friday,” says Xanthe Clay in The Daily Telegraph. “At £140 fr tw, they aren’t cheap, and with multiple curses, they d take a bit f wrk and cncentratin t ck.” Sant Remedi ()“Order a Remedy kit frm Sant Remedi and what yu will get is an incredibly generus, sharing-style Mexican feast fr tw,” says Anna Lawsn n BBC’s “Gd Fd”. “The kits cme with a chice f slw-cked meat, accmpanied by all the ingredients t make yur wn pancake. Preparatin is simple, thanks t a clur-cded instructin.”3．Wh are the ptential target readers f the text?A．Restaurant cks.B．Trainee chefs .C．Ordinary husewives.D．Htel managers.【答案】3．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当地最好的四家送货上门套餐。3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“they have enabled diners t carry n getting a taste f restaurant-quality fd, while helping restaurants t stay in business, and even make yu an excellent chef. （它们使得食客能够继续品尝到具有饭店品质的食物，同时也能帮助餐馆继续营业，甚至让你成为一名优秀的厨师。）”可知，作者就是想让人订套餐，所以谁最有可能买谁就是潜在的目标读者。故选C。
推理判断题 考点4 观点态度题1.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】BWe jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age. Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid? Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that. Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites. There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince. Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.6．What des the authr think f himself?A．Scially ambitius.B．Physically attractive.C．Financially independent.D．Digitally cmpetent.7．What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?A．He lacks experience in his jb.B．He seldm appears n televisin.C．He manages a vide department.D．He ften interviews internet stars.【答案】6．D7．B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。6．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi.(然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
2.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】DAs we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner. “Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart. Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health. “We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says. “The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
13．In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?A．Diet plan.B．Prfessinal backgrund.C．Exercise type.D．Previus physical cnditin.15．What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?A．Making use f the findings.B．Interviewing the study participants.C．Cnducting further research.D．Clarifying the purpse f the study.【答案】13．C15．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。13．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week.(第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
推理判断题 考点5 预测推断题1.B【2022·全国甲卷】Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.26. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?A. Hw far they are able t see.B. Hw they track mving bjects.C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种具有形状识别的凤头鹦鹉。26. D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues, r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins. 根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
2.【2023·广东省茂名市五校联盟第二次联考】"Hell!" Yu type int the chat bx. There's a slight feeling f excitement flwing thrugh yur fingers, and yu can't wait fr a reply. Yu think, "There's prbably nthing mre exciting than this."With cmmunicatin frm all crners f the wrld pssible at the ease f yur fingers, we are nw witness t an advanced frm f the hand shake and physical cnversatins: nline friendships.Alarmingly, accrding t Internet Safety 101, almst half f yung adult users have received upsetting messages, with 92 percent psting their wn real names and identificatin nline and 58 percent thinking it desn't cause cncern. And thugh sme parents may be biting their fingernails in fear right nw, mre than half f the yuth have admitted t making their friends nline and a gd majrity regularly text them.Thugh the statistics are daunting, we hpe, we haven't scared yu ff! Researchers actually fund that pursuing nline friendships culd be beneficial. Penn State University reprted that this was especially the case fr thse with scial anxiety, as they might frm a strnger cmfrt bnd with their peers thrugh the screen rather than a face-t-face meeting.Additinally, nline interactin may increase yur self-cnfidence. In ur current situatin f islatin, perhaps that perfect cnnectin frm the safety f ur hmes is all it takes t make things just a little mre bearable.In the end, it all depends n yu. Whether r nt yur search fr a friend bears fruit lies in yur apprach, and thugh I'm nt a great relatinship master, I have sme tips that will aid yu in yur explratin fr the "BFF" f yur dreams.
4．What d yu think the text will talk abut next?A．Hw t get n well with nline friends.B．Hw t find nline best friends.C．Hw t keep in tuch with nline friends.D．Hw t benefit frm dream nline friends.【答案】4．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过场景描写引入本文话题——网上交友。首先陈述了很多年轻人网上交友的现状以及家长对此的担忧，然后通过一个研究证明，网上交友也是有益的。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Whether r nt yur search fr a friend bears fruit lies in yur apprach, and thugh I'm nt a great relatinship master, I have sme tips that will aid yu in yur explratin fr the "BFF" f yur dreams. (你寻找朋友的过程是否有结果取决于你的方法，虽然我不是一个很好的人际关系专家，但我有一些建议可以帮助你探索你梦想中的“最好的朋友”)”可推知，文章接下来会给出一些关于如何在网上找好朋友的建议。故选B。推理判断题 考点6 目的意图题1.B【2022·新高考I卷】Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.4. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.【答案】4. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。4. B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
2.C【2022·新高考I卷】The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely. The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ” “I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide. Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpse f the prject?A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.C. T raise mney fr medical research.D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.11. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?A. It is well received.B. It needs t be mre creative.C. It is highly prfitable.D. It takes ages t see the results.【答案】8. D 11. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。8. D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。11. A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。
7．What message des the authr cnvey in the text?A．Tw heads are better than ne.B．It’s easier said than dne.C．Rses given, fragrance in hand.D．Gd helps thse wh help themselves.【答案】  7．C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了巴基斯坦的留学生疫情期间在中国做志愿者的故事。7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It has sharpened my skills in becming in better fender and develped n sense f pride in cntributing t cmmunity.(它提高了我成为更好的防御者的技能，并培养了为社区做出贡献的自豪感。)”可知，在中国做志愿者使作者的防御技能得到了提升，也培养了为社区服务的自豪感，这就是“赠人玫瑰，手留余香”的最佳诠释。故选C项。【我的发现】规律方法：如何概括文章大意?1、做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。2、在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。【变式精讲】
【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国高考试题还会①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的60%左右，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数0.6。②Ⅱ卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇议论文和一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题1题左右。【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力　 推理判断解密① 如何解决引申推断题？【解题中发现规律】【陕西省宝鸡教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量检测（四）】A slwer walk as yu age has always been a warning sign f increasing weakness that culd lead t falls and ther disabilities, experts say. Recent research in small grups f elderly subjects has als fund that a slwer walk frm year t year may be an early sign f cgnitive(认知)decline. That may be due t shrinking in the right hippcampus(海马体), which is the part f the brain cnnected with memry, accrding t studies. Nw, a new study, published in the jurnal JAMA Netwrk Open, finds peple wh walk abut 5% slwer r mre each year while als exhibiting signs f slwer mental prcessing were mst likely t develp dementia(痴呆). The study fllwed a grup f Americans ver 65 and Australians ver 70, nearly 17, 000 senirs in ttal, fr seven years. Every ther year, peple in the study were asked t take cgnitive tests that measured verall cgnitive decline, memry, prcessing speed and verbal fluency. Subjects were als asked t walk three metres twice t determine the persn’s typical walking speed.
At the end f the study, researchers fund the highest risk f dementia was fr “dual decliners“, r peple wh nt nly walked mre slwly but als shwed sme signs f cgnitive decline, said Dr. Je Verghese, a prfessr at the Albert Einstein Cllege f Medicine in Brnx, New Yrk, wh was nt invlved in the study. There are things we can d as we age t reverse(逆转) the brain shrinkage that cmes alng with typical aging. Aerbic(有氧的) exercise training increased the vlume f the right frnt hippcampus by 2%, thus reversing age-related lss in the rgan by ne t tw years in a 2011 clinical trial. Aerbic exercise means “with air”, and is a type f wrkut where heart rate and breathing increase, but nt s much that yu cannt cntinue t functin. Types f aerbic exercise can include quick walking, swimming, biking and dancing. Nn aerbic exercise includes weightlifting, high jump, lng jump, thrwing, etc.10．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?A．Everyne shuld take aerbic exercise.B．Aerbic exercise is the best way t keep healthy.C．Aerbic exercise is mst suitable fr ld peple.D．Taking aerbic exercise is useful t reverse age-related lss.【答案】10．D   【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，走路变慢的人最有可能患上痴呆，并提出有氧运动可改善大脑退化。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Aerbic(有氧的) exercise training increased the vlume f the right frnt hippcampus by 2%, thus reversing age-related lss in the rgan by ne t tw years in a 2011 clinical trial.( 在2011年的临床试验中发现，有氧运动训练使右前海马体的体积增加了2%，从而逆转了与年龄相关的器官损失一到两年。)”可知，有氧运动训练在逆转与年龄相关的损失方面是有用的。故选D项。【我的发现】规律方法： 如何解决引申推断题？引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，assume(假定，设想)和cnclude(推断，做出结论)。
解密②如何解决文章来源题?【解题中发现规律】【山东省百校联盟大联考2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】Munt Qingyuan Turist Attractin is lcated in Quanzhu city, Fujian prvince, and is renwned fr its quiet scenery and ancient cultural landscapes.The muntain features granite rcks(花岗岩) with the summit at 618 meters. The annual average temperature is between 17℃ and 21.3℃, making it an ideal getaway at any time f the year.Accrding t histrical recrds, the muntain was develped as early as the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC). After centuries f develpment, there are still nine statues frm the Sng (960-1279) and Yuan (1271-1368) dynasties, abut 700 ruins f stne carvings and many stne structures dating back t the Yuan and Ming (1644-1911) dynasties.The mst representative highlight f the turist attractin is the statue f Lazi, which is renwned fr being the largest stne carving made during the Sng Dynasty. Lazi is the authr f the Ta Te Ching, the funder f philsphical Taism. The statue is a Majr Histrical and Cultural Site prtected at the Natinal Level. It measures 8 meters in length, 6.85 meters in width, and 5.63 meters in height, ccupying 55 square meters.Scenic Spt Level: AAAAAIdeal Sightseeing Seasn: all yearRecmmended Duratin Fr A Visit: Half a dayOpening Hurs: 5:00-18:00Ticket Price: 70 yuanFree admissin fr children under 6 years r 1.2 meters; Quanzhu residents between 60 and 70 years ld; visitrs ver 70 years ld; the military; retired public servants; and the disabled with valid certificates (ID, passprt, etc)50 percent ff ticket prices fr visitrs between 6 and 18 years ld; full-time students; teachers; visitrs between 60 and 70 years ld with valid certificatesAddress: Fengze district, Quanzhu, Fujian prvinceBus Rutes: 3, 10, 15, 28, 30, 45, 202, 209, 601, K1Nte: Sme scenic spts might clse due t landslides.
3．Where is the passage mst prbably taken frm?A．a research reprtB．a lcal newspaperC．a nature magazineD．a travel brchure【答案】   3．D【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了清远山旅游景区的相关的信息。3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Munt Qingyuan Turist Attractin is lcated in Quanzhu city, Fujian prvince, and is renwned fr its quiet scenery and ancient cultural landscapes(清远山旅游景区位于福建省泉州市，以其幽静的风景和古老的文化景观而闻名)”以及后文对清远山旅游景区的景区等级、开放时间和票价等信息的相关介绍。可知这段话很可能摘自一本旅游手册。故选D。【我的发现】规律方法：如何解决文章来源题?做此类题目要求读者具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身已具备的常识结合起来。做此类题目应从文章的内容和结构来判断其出处。如果来源于报纸，前面一般会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；如果是广告，其格式很容易辨认；产品说明和药品说明也很容易辨认。解密③如何解决读者对象题？【解题中发现规律】【浙江省强基联盟2023届高三上学期12月统测】With internatinal travel again n the table, picking a destinatin fr yur schl trip abrad is exciting and prbably a little daunting. Here we have selected a few f ur tp destinatins t inspire yu and help yu narrw dwn yur ptins. Thrugh expsure t different cultures, students will gain a mre cmprehensive understanding f the wrld and an appreciatin fr ther peples’ ways f life, nt t mentin that traveling with yur students can be ne f the mst rewarding and memrable experiences yu can have.Discver the many wnders f PragueKnwn fr its diverse architecture and wrld-class museums, Prague is cnsistently ranked as ne f the mst beautiful cities in the wrld. Unflding amng well-preserved castles, Barque and Gthic cathedrals, medieval squares, and captivating bridges, a visit t Prague is guaranteed t be an eye pening and enriching schl trip.
Be charmed by the many sides f EdinburghEdinburgh’s unique architectural charm is the perfect setting t engage students in histry and culture. With a spectacular Gthic UNESCO-listed ld twn playing hst t sme f the mst dynamic and varied art schls and cmmunity prjects in the wrld, yu can discver the ancient art f Scttish strytelling, visit unique lcal arts prjects, dance the night way in a traditinal Ceilidh (同乐会), and get invlved with sme fantastic charities.Sak up the spirit f ListnFr students, Lisbn is the perfect setting fr an exciting adventure that includes authentic Prtuguese culture, fascinating architecture, and astnishing UNESCO Wrld Heritage Sites. The Prtugese peple lve sharing their unique hmeland, s be prepared t be greeted by a friendly smile frm a lcal.Get sustainability inspiratin in CpenhagenWell-knwn fr being a multicultural center, Cpemhagen ls acrss the glbe fr the innvative apprach t sustainable living — frm grwing rganic prduce in many urban greenhuses t prmting cycling culture. This fascinating schl trip destinatin is filled with the newest technlgies, sustainable slutins, and symblic architecture.3．Wh is the text intended fr?A．Educatrs.B．Students. C．Parents.D．Visitrs.【答案】   3．A【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个适合海外学校旅行的目的地。3．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thrugh expsure t different cultures, students will gain a mre cmprehensive understanding f the wrld and an appreciatin fr ther peples’ ways f life, nt t mentin that traveling with yur students can be ne f the mst rewarding and memrable experiences yu can have.(通过接触不同的文化，学生将更加全面地了解世界，欣赏他人的生活方式，更不用说，与学生一起旅行可能是你所能拥有的最有价值和难忘的体验之一)”可推知，这篇文章是写给教育工作者的。故选A。【我的发现】规律方法：如何解决读者对象题？做此类题目通常从文章内容入手，明确所谈话题及具体内容，体会作者使用的语言适合于哪一群体，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，从而得出正确判断。
解密④如何解决观点态度题？【2020·全国I】Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact (接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.306Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?A．Skeptical.B．Objective. C．Tlerant.D．Cnservative.
【答案】B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。规律方法：如何解决观点态度题？做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如pssible, impssible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。褒义词有：supprtive(支持的)；psitive(积极的)；ptimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；irnic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappinted(失望的)等。中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；bjective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
解密⑤如何解决预测推断题？【四川省内江市重点中学2022-2023学年高三上学期一诊】Nine years ag, a few days befre Christmas, I was a directr at a cmpany in San Francisc, and I was called int a meeting that was already in prgress. That meeting turned ut t be my exit interview. I was 64 years ld at the time. It wasn’t cmpletely unexpected. I signed a pile f papers and left the cmpany.S, 40 plus years f emplyment was ver. I had a gd reputatin and backgrund. Retirement was nt a chice fr me. I wanted t d smething. And then an idea came int my mind, brn frm my cncern fr ur envirnment. I wanted t build my wn business, designing and prducing bidegradable(可生物降解的)packaging frm waste. This is called clean technlgy, and it was really meaningful t me. It culd help reduce billins f punds f single-use plastic packaging wasted each year.Five years later, I’m delighted and prud t share with yu that ur incme has dubled every year and we have n debt. Meanwhile, I have a wnderful partner, and we’ve wn mre than 20 awards fr the wrk that we’ve dne.And I am ding the mst rewarding and meaningful wrk f my life right nw. But what I really lng fr is t find ther first-time entrepreneurs(企业家)wh are my age. I want t cnnect with them.S I want t d smething abut that in a few years. I want us t start talking mre abut peple wh dn’t becme entrepreneurs until they are senirs. And then cnnecting all f them acrss industries, regins and cuntries—building a cmmunity.
35．What is the authr’s attitude t the develpment f his wn cmpany?A．Cautius.B．Disappinted.C．Ambiguus.D．Psitive.36．What des the authr plan t d in the future?A．T d smething else abut envirnment.B．T help peple wh want t becme successful.C．T meet mre peple frm different backgrunds.D．T build a cmmunity fr senir entrepreneurs.【答案】    35．D    36．D【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了64岁的作者退休后开创了自己的事业，成为一位老年企业家的故事。35．观点态度题。根据第三段“Five years later, I’m delighted and prud t share with yu that ur incme has dubled every year and we have n debt. Meanwhile, I have a wnderful partner, and we’ve wn mre than 20 awards fr the wrk that we’ve dne.”可知，作者的公司每年的收入都翻番，而且还与一个合作者一起赢得了20多个奖项，由此可知，作者对自己公司的发展的态度是积极的，故D项正确。36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“And then cnnecting all f them acrss industries, regins and cuntries—building a cmmunity.”可知，作者计划将来为来自不同行业、地区和国家的老年企业家建立一个社区，故D项正确。规律方法：如何解决预测推断题？有些题目要求根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。
解密⑥如何解决目的意图题？【解题中发现规律】【四川省内江市重点中学2022-2023学年高三上学期一诊】Knwn as GC-1, the drug reprtedly speeds up metablism（新陈代谢）, r burning ff, f fat cells. “GC-1 dramatically increases the metablic rate, essentially transfrming white fat, which stres extra calries and is assciated with besity and metablic disease, int a fat like calrie-burning brwn fat,” said Kevin Phillips, a researcher in Hustn.Until several years ag, scientists thught that nly animals and human babies have energy-burning, "gd" brwn fat. “It is nw clear,” Phillips said, “that human adults d have brwn fat, but appear t lse its calrie-burning activity ver time.” White fat has a bad effect n peple when the bdy has t much f it. Sme published research shws that peple wh have mre brwn fat have a reduced risk f besity. Researchers are nw wrking n ways t “brwn” white fat, r change it int brwn fat.GC-1 wrks, accrding t Phillips. He said he and ther researchers have tested the drug in hundreds f mice. Obese mice, bth genetically bese and thse with diet-induced besity, received GC-1 treatment daily. Genetically bese mice lst weight and mre than 50 percent f their fat mass in apprximately tw weeks, Phillips reprted. He said mice with diet-induced besity experienced similar imprvements. The drug als caused adaptive thermgenes（适应性发热）in fat cells frm mice. Cells grwn in a dish, as well as tissue samples taken frm bese mice, shwed evidence f white-fat brwning. “Our data prve that GC-1 is a nvel fat-brwning agent that may have use in the treatment f besity and metablic disease,”Phillips said.The drug has nt yet been tested fr weight lss in humans. Hwever, Phillips said it wuldn’t be lng befre it was used as a way f lsing weight.
21．What is the writer's purpse f writing this passage?A．T prve the harm f a new drug.B．T intrduce a new drug t peple.C．T explain the develpment f a new drug.D．T infrm peple f sme health knwledge.【答案】21．B    【文章大意】本文向我们介绍了一种帮助燃烧脂肪来减肥的新药GC-1。21．B推理判断题。根据第一段Knwn as GC-1,the drug reprtedly speeds up metablism（新陈代谢）,r burning ff, f fat cells.和下文研究试验结果和最后一段The drug has nt yet been tested fr weight lss in humans. Hwever, Phillips said it wuldn’t be lng befre it was used as a way f lsing weight.可知，本文是向我们介绍了一种帮助减肥的新药。故选B。【我的发现】规律方法：如何解决目的意图题？常见的设问方式：What is the main purpse f the authr writing the text?The purpse f the text is t get mre peple t _______.The writer f the stry wants t tell us that________.The fact…is mentined by the authr t shw________.The authr writes the last paragraph in rder t ________.写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。 一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。