阅读理解 解密04 猜测词义（分层训练）-（原卷版+解析版）

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The prfessr tk ntice f Nick n the first day but did nt say anything. But when this went n fr a week, he called Nick in his ffice after the class and asked, “Yu are depressed all the time. What is the matter?” Nick said with sme hesitatin, “Sir, smething has happened in my past, due t which I remain trubled. I dn’t knw what t d.”
Prfessr called Nick at his huse in the evening. When Nick arrived, the prfessr went t the kitchen and started making lemnade. He deliberately put mre salt in the lemnade. Then he gave a glass f lemnade t Nick. As sn as Nick tk a sip, due t the taste f excess salt, his muth became sur. Seeing this, the prfessr asked, “What happened? Did yu nt like the Lemnade?” “N sir, this is nt the case. Just a little excess salt in the drink.” Nick said, “Hey, nw give me the glass. I will thrw it away.” The prfessr reached ut t get the drink frm Nick. But Nick refused, saying, “N sir, just salt is mre. If yu add mre sugar, the taste will be fine.” Upn hearing this, the prfessr became serius and said, “Yu are right. Nw see, this lemnade is like yur life. Just as salt cannt be taken ut f the lemnade, similarly thse bad experiences als cannt be separated frm life. But by adding mre sugar it can change the taste f lemnade.” Nick ndded and smiled in relief.
1．Why did Nick fail t fcus n the class?
A．He was disturbed by the past.B．He was t nervus t cncentrate.
C．Prfessr Smith was t demanding.D．The lecture was bring and hard t understand.
2．What des the underlined wrd “excess” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Rare.B．T much.C．Pisnus.D．Smelly.
3．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Prfessr Smith?
A．Determined and inspiring.B．Clever and brave.
C．Wise and caring.D．Generus and lvely.
4．What can we learn frm Nick’s stry?
A．Let it g and live in the present.B．Life withut aim is like drink withut salt.
C．Nthing is mre pleasant than a warming wrd.D．All the gd and bad experiences are unavidable.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位教授以用柠檬、盐和糖的关系来开导情绪低落的学生。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Nick said with sme hesitatin, “Sir, smething has happened in my past, due t which I remain trubled. I dn’t knw what t d.”(尼克有些犹豫地说：“先生，我的过去发生了一些事情，因此我仍然很困扰。我不知道该怎么办。”)”可知，尼克没能集中注意力上课，是因为他对过去感到不安。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前句“He deliberately put mre salt in the lemnade. Then he gave a glass f lemnade t Nick. (他故意在柠檬水里加了更多的盐。然后他给了尼克一杯柠檬水。)”可知，尼克喝了一口过量盐的柠檬水。所以excess为“过量的”之意。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段“The prfessr tk ntice f Nick n the first day but did nt say anything. (第一天教授就注意到了尼克，但什么也没说。)”及史密斯教授亲自来开导情绪低落的学生可推断，史密斯教授是有爱心的；史密斯教授以用柠檬、盐和糖的关系来开导情绪低落的学生，说明史密斯教授是明智的。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Upn hearing this, the prfessr became serius and said, “Yu are right. Nw see, this lemnade is like yur life. Just as salt cannt be taken ut f the lemnade, similarly thse bad experiences als cannt be separated frm life. But by adding mre sugar it can change the taste f lemnade.”(听了这话，教授严肃起来说：“你说得对。看，这柠檬水就像你的生活。就像盐不能从柠檬水里拿出来一样，那些糟糕的经历也不能从生活中分离出来。但是加入更多的糖会改变柠檬水的味道。”)”及全文可推断，生活中所有好的和坏的经历都是不可避免的。故选D。
2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2025学年高三上学期期中】B
Just as the shiny brchure prmised, frm the mment I set ft n the Harvard campuslast fall, I was expsed t an exciting andenlightening new wrld.
I was brn and raised 1, 500 miles away, in a small apartment in Jacksn, Mississippi. I am the nly child, s my mther verpwered me with her lve. Fr smene wh sees s much beauty in the wrld, she wrked awfullyhard t prtect me frm it. Televisin, rap music, and even basketball with the kids n the blck was beynd cnsideratin. It left me a bit bitter as a teenager, but I grew t appreciate her enrmus sacrifices(牺牲) — walking me t the library every afternn, labring at multiple jbs t keep fd n the table, and telling me stries late int the night.
When I annunced the summer befre my senir year f high schl that I had decided t apply t Harvard, I nticed her hesitant lk befre a warm smile envelped her face. I pretended nt t see, but I was never able t frget it. I tried t explain my reasns fr wanting t leave-t prve I was smart enugh, fear f taking the path f least resistance, the classic teenage feeling f being trapped — but the wrds just made me sund shallw and ungrateful.
Nevertheless, I began t wrk n the cllege applicatins-an early ne fr Harvard and rughly a dzen thers standing by. I knew the chance f getting int Harvard was nt in my favr. T my jy, I was infrmed f my acceptance int Harvard three days befre my birthday. That night, after all f the celebratry texts and hugs, I sat in my rm and began t cry uncntrllably.
Over the curse f this year, I have changed in ways I never anticipated. I think I knw nw why my mther let me g. Harvard has frced me t grw and take a fair lk at the wrld, and at myself. Needless t say, I wuld nt trade the experience fr anything.
1．The underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mst prbably means ________.
A．made a difference tB．made peace with
C．tk advantage fD．tk cntrl f
2．What was the mther’s first respnse t the authr’s decisin?
A．She was wrried abut it.B．She laughed at it.
C．She apprved f it immediately.D．She turned a deaf ear t it.
3．What did the authr say abut his admissin t Harvard?
A．It deserved a big celebratin.B．It served as a late birthday present.
C．It was beynd his expectatins.D．It was a favr he wed his mther.
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Lifelng Learning in Harvard
B．Reflectins n the Rad t Harvard
C．What Harvard Means t My Mther and Me
D．Hw Harvard Shapes My Teenage Years
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。
1．词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后“Fr smene wh sees s much beauty in the wrld, she wrked awfully hard t prtect me frm it. Televisin, rap music, and even basketball with the kids n the blck was beynd cnsideratin.(作为一个能看到世界上这么多美好事物的人，她却非常努力地保护我不受它的伤害。看电视、听说唱音乐，甚至和街区里的孩子们一起打篮球都是不可能的)”可推知，母亲对作者的管教很严格，所以画线词所在句意为“我是独生子，所以我的母亲用她的爱控制了我”，verpwered意为“控制”。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When I annunced the summer befre my senir year f high schl that I had decided t apply t Harvard, I nticed her hesitant lk befre a warm smile envelped her face.(在我升入高三的那个夏天，我告诉母亲我决定申请去哈佛念书，我察觉到母亲脸上那一丝犹豫，尽管那很快就被温暖的笑容所掩盖)”可知，母亲对作者的决定的第一反应是担心。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“I knew the chance f getting int Harvard was nt in my favr. T my jy, I was infrmed f my acceptance int Harvard three days befre my birthday.(我知道进入哈佛的胜算并不是我能决定的。令我高兴的是，在我生日的前三天，我被哈佛录取了)”可知，被哈佛大学录取超出了作者的预料。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Harvard has frced me t grw and take a fair lk at the wrld, and at myself. Needless t say, I wuld nt trade the experience fr anything.(哈佛迫使我成长，让我以公正的眼光看待这个世界和我自己。不用说，我不会拿这段经历换任何东西)”可知，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。故选B。
3.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2025学年高三上学期第二次考试】C
Jewel White, a 15-year-ld student, gathers her bks and signs herself ut f a rutine mrning math class. She is nt leaving schl fr the day, but is ff t try sme mre challenging equatins. This practice is nt uncmmn at Westmunt Secndary Schl in Hamiltn, Ontari, Canada, where an uncnventinal learning apprach is prevailing.
Westmunt is ne f the eight regular schls in the cuntry where students wrk at their wn pace and set their wn directin, spending as much r as little time as they need n subjects. Teachers act as advisers. With the classrm teachers’ permissin, students can sign ut f a class t wrk n ther materials r walk int anther class t catch up n anther subject. And every tw weeks they make plans fr their wn learning time, with supprt frm their adviser.
At a time when a shrinking student ppulatin is causing bards t clse schls. Westmunt sits at 30 percent vercapacity with 1,500 students. Its bursting number led educatin fficials t cnsider expanding the prgram t ther lcatins.
“If students are interested, we are ging t d ur best t prvide that srt f prgramming,” said Tdd White, chair f the Hamiltn-Wentwrth District Schl Bard.
When students like Jewel are nt in a classrm, they can usually be fund in the schl’s learning cmmns, a study area fr all students. There are teachers available t help, but generally students are wrking n their wn assignments r prjects.
Jewel said Westmunt’s self-paced style caught her attentin when she was lking at high schls. Westmunt is nt the schl clse t her hme. She said at elementary schl she wuld ften cause truble in class because she wuld cmplete her wrk early and nt have much else t d. “I find this kind f academic envirnment in Westmunt is a lt better fr me,” she said. “I like the thught f being able t wrk faster r slwer if needed.”
1．What des the wrd “prevailing” underlined in paragraph I mean?
A．Catching n.B．Giving way.C．Slwing dwn.D．Causing truble.
2．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe the schl’s learning apprach?
A．Cmplex but familiar.B．Flexible and efficient.
C．Traditinal and cmmn.D．Difficult but interesting.
3．What is Tdd White’s attitude t Westmunt’s style f learning?
A．Tlerant.B．Dubtful.C．Psitive.D．Uncncerned.
4．What did Jewel think f her elementary schl?
A．It was a schl clsest t her hme.
B．It prvided t much hmewrk fr students.
C．Its learning atmsphere was nt very satisfying.
D．Its students did nt wrk as fast as Westmunt.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了加拿大Westmunt中学特殊的教学方式。学生按照自己的节奏，设定自己的方向，实行走班学习。
1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“This practice is nt uncmmn at Westmunt Secndary Schl in Hamiltn, Ontari, Canada, where an uncnventinal learning apprach is prevailing.（这种做法在加拿大Hamiltn的Westmunt中学并不少见，那里prevailing着一种非传统的学习方法。）”中划线词的前文“This practice is nt uncmmn（这种做法并不少见）”可知，这种学习方式在Westmunt中学很流行，故此处的“prevailing”与A项“catching n变流行起来”意思相近，故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Westmunt is ne f the eight regular schls in the cuntry where students wrk at their wn pace and set their wn directin, spending as much r as little time as they need n subjects. Teachers act as advisers.（Westmunt是该地区八所普通学校之一，学生按照自己的节奏学习，并设定自己的方向，在课堂上花尽可能多或少的时间。老师是顾问。）”可推知，这个学校的学习方法是灵活且有效率的，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““If students are interested, we are ging t d ur best t prvide that srt f prgramming,” said Tdd White,（Tdd White说道：‘如果学生感兴趣，我们将尽最大的努力提供这种方法。’）”可知，Tdd White认为这种学习方法是值得推崇的，因此对这种方式是支持的、肯定的，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“She said at elementary schl she wuld ften cause truble in class because she wuld cmplete her wrk early and nt have much else t d.（她说，在小学时，她经常会在课堂上惹麻烦，因为她会很早做完功课，没有太多其他事情要做。）”可知，Jewel对她小学的学习氛围不太满意，她是能快速完成作业的，然而又不得不等其他同学的节奏，故选C。
4.【河南省TOP20名校2022-2025学年高三上学期12月调研考】
Phineas T Barnum is the best-knwn circus business wner f the nineteenth century. He excelled as a shwman, and thrughut his career in the entertainment business, he prmted many different frms f attractins.
Barnum’s first industry was as a newspaper wner. He als wrked as a writer and publisher. His enduring fame, hwever, is as a shwman. Barnum cnsidered this t be his main talent and he never changed this view f his character.
T. Barnum’s entertainment interests cvered museums, traveling dance trupes (团), and even the mid-century US tur by Jenny Lind, the Swedish singer. He was, by nature, a risk-taker, and usually gained success frm the mst unlikely enterprises.
Barnum was willing t adpt any tactic that publicized his businesses. His American Museum in New Yrk included haxes and freaks (恶作剧和怪物), bth human and animal. This was nt unusual by the standards f the time, but even he felt the need t prve his haxes fair, as advertising tricks.
Barnum’s unbunded self-cnfidence meant he never dubted his ability t make a success f any business. He pened America’s first aquarium (水馆) and pened a theater in New Yrk that was the largest and mst mdern in the city. He aimed t change the public knwledge f theaters, and in this, he largely succeeded. He made theater-ging respectable.
Determinatin and hard wrk featured majrly in the qualities that Barnum displayed, and he frequently spke abut the necessity f bth. He believed success nly came t thse wh wrked fr it and knew they had the self-determinatin necessary. He als stated the necessity f understanding the business that a persn was running. Knwledge and experience cunted fr much in Barnum’s life, and he certainly knew the entertainment business.
Success in life, accrding t Barnum, culd nly be achieved when a persn is in gd health. He advised that getting healthy and maintaining a healthy bdy and mind wuld lead t happiness as well as success.
1．What did Barnum think was his mst successful career?
A．A writer.B．A publisher.
C．A shwman.D．A newspaper wner.
2．What des the underlined wrd “tactic” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Media.B．Strategy.C．Supprt.D．Opprtunity.
3．Why des the authr mentin Barnum’s success in pening the aquarium and theater?
A．T shw Barnum’s firm beliefs in his wn capacity.
B．T tell us chances are imprtant fr any business.
C．T explain what kind f business was successful.
D．T indicate hw bad peple’s life was at that time.
4．Which f the fllwing can best describe Barnum and his business?
A．Eventful.B．Adventurus.C．Unsteady.D．Outstanding.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了娱乐大亨Phineas T Barnum的职业生涯。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“His enduring fame, hwever, is as a shwman. Barnum cnsidered this t be his main talent and he never changed this view f his character.(然而，他持久的名声是作为一名娱乐经理人。Barnum认为这是他的主要天赋，他从未改变对自己特点的看法)”可知，Barnum认为他作为娱乐经理人是最成功的。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Barnum was willing t adpt any tactic that publicized his businesses. His American Museum in New Yrk included haxes and freaks, bth human and animal. This was nt unusual by the standards f the time, but even he felt the need t prve his haxes fair, as advertising tricks.(Barnum愿意采取任何宣传其业务的tactic 。他在纽约的美国博物馆收藏了人类和动物的恶作剧和怪物。以当时的标准来看，这并不罕见，但即使是他也觉得有必要证明自己的骗局是合理的，就像广告伎俩一样)”可知，Barnum愿意采用任何策略来宣传其业务，并证明其策略是合理的，推测划线单词表示“策略”，与strategy同义。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Barnum’s unbunded self-cnfidence meant he never dubted his ability t make a success f any business. He pened America’s first aquarium and pened a theater in New Yrk that was the largest and mst mdern in the city. He aimed t change the public knwledge f theaters, and in this, he largely succeeded. (Barnum的无限自信意味着他从不怀疑自己在任何业务上取得成功的能力。他开设了美国第一家水族馆，并在纽约开设了一家剧院，这是该市最大、最现代化的剧院。他旨在改变公众对戏剧的认知，并在这方面取得了很大的成功)”可知，作者提到Barnum在水族馆和剧院方面的成功，是为了展示Barnum对自己能力的坚定自信。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“He excelled as a shwman, and thrughut his career in the entertainment business, he prmted many different frms f attractins.(作为一名娱乐经理人，他表现出色，在娱乐业的整个职业生涯中，他推广了许多不同形式的景点)”、第三段“He was, by nature, a risk-taker, and usually gained success frm the mst unlikely enterprises.(他天生就是一个冒险者，通常从最不可能的企业那里获得成功)”、第五段“Barnum’s unbunded self-cnfidence meant he never dubted his ability t make a success f any business.(Barnum的无限自信意味着他从不怀疑自己在任何业务上取得成功的能力)”以及文章内容可知，Barnum在许多行业取得成功，并对自己的能力具备自信，所以Barnum及其事业是杰出的。故选D项。
5.【辽宁省名校联盟2022-2025学年高三12月联考】
It is becming mre apparent nw that students d mre nline learning than they ever have befre. There are plenty f ways that educatrs can use technlgy t create nline lessns and deliver instructins remtely.
Yu may think that the nly way t run an nline class is synchrnusly thrugh web cnferences, in the same way that physical learning des—with all f the students and the teacher present at the same time. In mst cases, that wn’t be very practical, since the prbability that all f the learners and the educatr being all tgether with live, stable Internet cnnectins is relatively lw.
The mst crucial thing t keep in mind is that nline learning des nt need t take place at the same time as nline teaching. Yu create a curse in yur LMS (Learning Management System) t be a series f mdules (模块). Then yu ask yur learners t take the mdules ne after anther, because each builds n the last. Each mdule may be a vide that yu created regarding the cntent, accmpanied by a PDF, sme relevant dcuments and third-party links, etc. Learners can lg int the virtual classrm whenever they want, even during the early hurs f the mrning, t access each mdule in the rder yu have designed. Yu can als lay ut sme essential rules fr the curse, like the frequency and types f assessments and mre.
As far as I’m cncerned, while mst f the time nline learning saves the learning cst and prvides diverse studying materials and instructins frm educatrs, allwing yur learners the freedm t d their cursewrk accrding t their schedules is what makes nline learning distinctive. It helps bst engagement, teach yur learners hw t plan fr themselves and be respnsible, and imprve their verall lives.
1．What des the underlined wrd “synchrnusly” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．At the same time.B．In the same place.
C．On varius cnditins.D．Thrugh different channels.
2．Why are learners suppsed t fllw the mdules in a certain rder?
A．Every mdule has essential rules.
B．The mdules deal with varius tpics.
C．Each mdule is based n the previus ne.
D．The mdules are designed in different frms.
3．What makes nline learning unique accrding t the authr?
A．Flexible learning time.B．Easy access t teachers.
C．Abundant learning resurces.D．Affrdable educatin fee.
4．Wh are the target readers f the text?
A．Students.B．Parents.C．Officials.D．Teachers.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章讲述了网课越来越常见，上网课的形式不一定是教与学同步进行，学生可以根据老师设计的教学内容自主选择学习时间，这样能培养学生的责任心和自主学习能力。
1． 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“in the same way that physical learning des—with all f the students and the teacher present at the same time.”（就像线下学习一样，所有的学生和老师同时在场）可知，“synchrnusly”意为“同时”。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Then yu ask yur learners t take the mdules ne after anther, because each builds n the last.” （然后你要求你的学习者一个接一个地学习这些模块，因为每个模块都是在上一个模块的基础上构建的）可知，学习者要按一定顺序学习这些模块，原因是每个模块都是以前一个模块为基础的。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“As far as I’m cncerned, while mst f the time nline learning saves the learning cst and prvides diverse studying materials and instructins frm educatrs, allwing yur learners the freedm t d their cursewrk accrding t their schedules is what makes nline learning distinctive.”（就我而言，虽然在线学习很多时候节省了学习的费用并且提供多样的学习材料和教师指导，但是让你的学习者能够根据自己的时间表自由地完成课程是在线学习与众不同的地方）可推知，作者认为灵活的学习时间使得在线4．推理判断题。依据全文，尤其是“Yu create a curse...”（你创建了一门课程……）；“yu ask yur learners t….”（你要求你的学生）；“Yu can als lay ut sme essential rules…”（你也可以列出一些基本规则……）；“teach yur learners…. ”（教你的学生……）可推知，本文的目标读者是教师。故选D。
分层练B
1.【江苏省决胜新高考2022-2025学年高三上学期12月大联考】
The arrival f spring has seemingly unchangeable results-lengthening days, blssming plants and a great increase in bees’ activity. But new research finds that many species f birds are nesting and laying eggs nearly a mnth earlier than they did a century ag.
These species, including bluejays, yellw warblers and field sparrws, are nw laying their first eggs 25 days earlier, n average, than they were 100 years ag, the research has fund. The heating f the atmsphere, due t the burning f fssil fuels, is seemingly changing a prcess that lng appeared unshakeable.
The study, published in the Jurnal f Animal Eclgy, drew upn recrds f birds’ eggs gathered during a perid, frm abut 1880 t 1920, when peple culd rampantly (猖獗的) cllect them frm nests withut punishment. These recrds, largely cnsisting f bxes f eggs with hand-written labels describing the type f bird and when the eggs were cllected, were cmpared with mdern nesting data checked by researchers, wh used mirrrs munted n lng ples t bserve high-up nests.
A mdel built by the researchers revealed that birds mving their nesting dates frward has been clsely crrelated with rising carbn dixide levels in the atmsphere, a leading driver f rising glbal temperatures.
Birds chse when t nest in line with ther develpments in spring, such as the budding (发芽) f plants and the increase in insect numbers. These interactins f nature are being unpicked by climate change — in the US bears are emerging frm hibernatin earlier and cherry, peach, pear, apple and plum trees are blssming weeks earlier than they nce did. In the UK, plants flwered a full mnth earlier between 1987 and 2019 than they did befre 1986, recent research fund.
“If yu’re a bird and yu nest earlier, yu put yurself at risk f these cld snaps (寒流) that can still arrive in spring, which then affects the plants and insects,” said Bates. “That then impacts the reprductive success f the birds. Springs are becming mre vlatile (反复无常) and that is taking its tll.”
1．What might be respnsible fr the birds’ earlier nest and laying eggs?
A．Lengthening spring days.B．Glbal warming.
C．Blssming plants.D．The increase in bees’ activity.
2．Hw did the researchers get their finding?
A．By referring t previus researches.
B．By mnitring birds’ behaviur.
C．By investigating birds’ habitats.
D．By cmparing data frm different perids.
3．Why are bears and plants mentined in Para.6?
A．T explain a rule.B．T clarify a cncept.
C．T prve a statement.D．T make a predictin.
4．What des the underlined phrase “taking its tll” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Upsetting balance f nature.B．Shaping landscape.
C．Receiving attentin.D．Causing lss.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变迁造成鸟类提前筑巢和下蛋的情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The heating f the atmsphere, due t the burning f fssil fuels, is seemingly changing a prcess that lng appeared unshakeable.(燃烧化石燃料导致的大气变暖，似乎正在改变一个长期以来看似不可动摇的过程)”可知，全球变暖也许导致了这些鸟更早的筑巢和产卵。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“These recrds, largely cnsisting f bxes f eggs with hand-written labels describing the type f bird and when the eggs were cllected, were cmpared with mdern nesting data checked by researchers, wh used mirrrs munted n lng ples t bserve high-up nests.(这些记录主要由一盒鸡蛋组成，上面有手写的标签，描述了鸟类的类型和收集鸡蛋的时间。研究人员将这些记录与现代筑巢数据进行了比较，研究人员使用安装在长杆子上的镜子来观察高处的巢穴)”可推知，研究人员通过比较不同时期的数据来得到他们的发现。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Birds chse when t nest in line with ther develpments in spring, such as the budding f plants and the increase in insect numbers. These interactins f nature are being unpicked by climate change — in the US bears are emerging frm hibernatin earlier and cherry, peach, pear, apple and plum trees are blssming weeks earlier than they nce did.(鸟类根据春天的其他情况来选择筑巢时间，比如植物发芽和昆虫数量的增加。这些自然界的相互作用正被气候变化破坏——在美国，熊更早地从冬眠中醒来，樱桃、桃子、梨、苹果和李树的开花时间比以前提前了几周)”可推知，后面的熊和植物例子是说明这一点的。故选C项。
4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中““If yu’re a bird and yu nest earlier, yu put yurself at risk f these cld snaps that can still arrive in spring, which then affects the plants and insects,” said Bates. “That then impacts the reprductive success f the birds.(“如果你是一只鸟，提早筑巢，你就会面临春天仍然可能到来的寒流的风险，这会影响植物和昆虫，”贝茨说。“这会影响鸟类的繁殖成功率)”可知，此处讲的是造成的影响。由此推知，taking its tll为“造成损失”的意思，与D项Causing lss“造成损失”意思一致。故选D项。
2.【江苏省南京市第一中学2022-2025学年高三上学期9月质量检测】
Diana Glden was twelve years ld when she had cancer. She was walking hme ne day after playing in the snw when her right leg simply gave ut. Dctrs diagnsed the prblem as bne cancer. They recmmended remving her leg abve the knee.
When Diana heard the news, she asked the nly first questin: “Will I be still able t ski?”
“When the dctrs said yes,” she later recalled, “I figured it wuldn’t be t bad.”
Lsing a leg wuld cause mst children t lse cnfidence and hpe, but Diana refused t dwell n the negative. “It is nthing. A bdy part.” she’d say.
Mst f all, Diana was nt discuraged. She lved skiing and she had been n skis since the age f five. After the peratin, Diana wrked hard t get back t the muntain near her hme. “I always skied and I intended t keep n skiing. I never dubt that.” she declared. Diana met her gal. She was back ut n the slpes.
With just ne leg, Diana made the best f it. In high schl, Diana became a member f her schl’s ski racing team. And in 1979, when she was just seventeen, she jined the US Disabled Ski Team.
After high schl, Diana went n t Dartmuth Cllege. Determined nt t be left behind, Diana cntinued her training with the Dartmuth team. “I had ne leg, which meant I had t d it differently.” she later explained.
In 1982, Diana entered her first internatinal ski race. She wn the wrld Handicapped Champinship in Nrway. In 1986, Diana wn the Beck Award given t the best American racer in internatinal skiing. And in 1988, she was named Ski Racing Magazine’s U.S. Female Skier f the Year.
With her curage and determinatin, Diana has changed hw peple lk at disabled athletes. “Everyne has sme kind f disability,” Diana says. “It’s what we d with ur abilities that matters.”
In 1990, Diana retired frm racing fr gd.
1．What des the underlined phrase “dwell n” prbably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Put away.B．Think abut.
C．Leave behind.D．Hang ver.
2．Which f the fllwing is the crrect rder f the events happening t Diana?
a. Diana entered her first internatinal ski race.
b. Diana was diagnsed with bne cancer.
c. She practiced skiing at the age f five.
d. Diana began training with the Dartmuth team.
e. She became a member f the US Disabled Ski Team.
A．bcade.B．cbdae.C．cbeda.D．bceda.
3．The writer prbably wrte this text t ___________.
A．infrm the readers abut disabled skiers
B．describe the events in internatinal ski cmpetitins
C．tell abut the disadvantages f being a disabled skier
D．inspire the readers with Diana’s curage and reslutin
4．What wuld be the suitable title f this text?
A．G fr the gldB．Lse a leg
C．Ski t the last minuteD．Cmpete fr the disabled
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【文章大意】本文为一篇新闻报道。Diana Glden在12岁时因患癌症而失去了一条腿，但这并没有阻碍她追逐梦想，1982年在挪威成为世界残疾人锦标赛冠军，1986年，获得了贝克奖，1988年，被《滑雪赛车》杂志评为年度美国女性滑雪者。她的勇气和决心改变了人们对残疾运动员的看法。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Lsing a leg wuld cause mst children t lse cnfidence and hpe, but Diana refused t dwell n the negative. ‘It is nthing. A bdy part.’ she’d say. (失去一条腿会使大多数孩子失去信心和希望，但戴安娜拒绝dwell n在消极的情绪中。‘这没有关系。身体的某一部分。’她想说)”可知，大多人会因为失去了一条腿而失去信心和希望，划线词后的 the negative指代前半句的lse cnfidence and hpe这种负面心理，根据转折连词but以及谓语动词refused可知，Diana 与其他大多数孩子不同，她对这种负面心理是拒绝的态度，B项“Think abut”意为“考虑”，Diana拒绝考虑那些负面情绪。B项与划线词意义相近，故选B项。
2．细节排序题。根据第五段第二句“She lved skiing and she had been n skis since the age f five. (她喜欢滑雪，从5岁起就开始滑雪了。)”，第一段“Diana Glden was twelve years ld when she had cancer. (戴安娜·戈尔登患癌症时12岁)”可知，五岁开始化学的Diana12岁时被诊断患了癌症。按顺序为cd，故先排除A项和D项。第六段中“With just ne leg, Diana made the best f it. In high schl, Diana became a member f her schl’s ski racing team. And in 1979, when she was just seventeen, she jined the US Disabled Ski Team. (只有一条腿的戴安娜充分利用了这一点。高中时，戴安娜成为学校滑雪赛车队的一员。1979年，年仅17岁的她加入了美国残疾人滑雪队。)”可知，17岁时Diana进了美国残疾人滑雪队，故排在第三个的是e；第七段中“After high schl, Diana went n t Dartmuth Cllege. Determined nt t be left behind, Diana cntinued her training with the Dartmuth team.(高中毕业后，戴安娜去了达特茅斯学院。黛安娜决心不掉队，继续跟随达特茅斯队训练。)”，第四个为d。排除法，故选C项。
3．推理判断题。文章介绍了因骨癌致残的Diana身残志坚，热衷于滑雪，在倒数第二段“With her curage and determinatin, Diana has changed hw peple lk at disabled athletes (凭借她的勇气和决心，Diana改变了人们对残疾运动员的看法)”可知，文章介绍Diana，以期借助于Diana的勇气的决心来鼓励读者。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章介绍了因骨癌致残的Diana身残志坚，热衷于滑雪，并在倒数第三段“In 1982, Diana entered her first internatinal ski race. She wn the wrld Handicapped Champinship in Nrway. In 1986, Diana wn the Beck Award given t the best American racer in internatinal skiing. And in 1988, she was named Ski Racing Magazine’s U.S. Female Skier f the Year. (1982年，戴安娜第一次参加国际滑雪比赛。她在挪威赢得了世界残疾人锦标赛。1986年，黛安娜获得了贝克奖，该奖是颁发给国际滑雪比赛中最优秀的美国选手的。1988年，她被《滑雪赛车》杂志评为年度美国女性滑雪者。)”可知，失去了一条腿并没有阻止她前进的脚步，她一路更加努力并成为获得世界残疾人锦标赛冠军，A项“G fr the gld ( 争夺金牌)”符合题意。故选A项。
3.【浙江省慈溪市2022-2025学年高三上学期12月适应性考试】
Frm cwby hats and cattle t barbecue and ftball, Texas is knwn fr many things. One thing the Lne Star State is nt knwn fr, hwever, is winter weather.
That changed in February last year, when winter strm buried Texas in ice and snw. It raged fr a ttal f eight days, 23 hurs, and 23 minutes, which was ne f the mst impactful winter events in recent histry.
Accrding t Texas TV statin, winter strm Landn was s extreme that it caused trees acrss nrth Texas t “explde”, filling lcal cmmunities with bms that sunded mre like gunshts than tree branches.
The phenmenn f “explding trees” isn’t as unusual r as terrifying as it sunds, accrding t Janet, wh says trees ften freeze and burst as a result f rapid temperature shifts. “Our wide temperature swings mean that trees may nt be cmpletely drmant (休眠的) r prepared fr the cld,” Janet said. “Trees have several mechanisms they use t prevent freezing. They take cues t get adapted and ready fr the freeze.”
In trees that aren’t cmpletely inactive, cld weather causes tree sap t freeze. When that happens, the sap expands beynd what the tree’s bark can cntain. And s, the tree splits in places that can’t cpe with the pressure, creating cracks knwn as “frst cracks”. Althugh trees d nt actually explde int pieces when frst cracks happen, there may be lud nises and visible fractures (折断), and heavy branches can fall t the grund.
“Trees explde in cld weather because the water cntent in the cells and tissues freezes,” MacKenzie said. “Frm midwinter t early spring this can ccur when the temperature swings, snw melts and warm sun, cld nights wrk in harmny. It is usually nthing t be t cncerned abut; the tree will start t heal just as quickly. I have been awakened many cld winter nights hearing the trees explde.”
1．What des the underlined wrd “That” refer t?
A．Texas is related t American ftball.
B．Texas is little knwn fr its winter weather.
C．Texas is a suitable place fr raising cattle.
D．Texas has a famus histry f cwbys.
2．What des Janet think causes the trees t explde?
A．The ccurrence f the winter strm.
B．The fragile tree branches in winter.
C．The sudden change f temperatures.
D．The trees’ preparatin fr the cld.
3．What des the fifth paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The effect f cld weather n plants.
B．Ways t help trees prevent freezing.
C．The rle f sap in winter.
D．The reasn why trees explde.
4．What des MacKenzie imply in his wrds?
A．Tree explsin is a natural phenmenn.
B．Melting snw can lead t tree explsin.
C．Trees may explde even in warm nights.
D．Peple shuld be careful abut explding trees.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，主要分析了冬季风暴导致德克萨斯州北部的树木“爆炸”这一现象。
1．词义猜测题。划线词That是指示代词，往往指代前文内容，所以线索指向第一段。由第一段“Frm cwby hats and cattle t barbecue and ftball, Texas is knwn fr many things. One thing the Lne Star State is nt knwn fr, hwever, is winter weather. (从牛仔帽和牛到烧烤和足球，得克萨斯州以很多东西闻名。然而，孤星州有一件事并不为人所知，那就是冬天的天气)”关键词hwever可知，转折后的内容是重点，所以此处that指代在孤星州，并不是所有人都知道冬天的天气。故答案为B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The phenmenn f “explding trees” isn’t as unusual r as terrifying as it sunds, accrding t Janet, wh says trees ften freeze and burst as a result f rapid temperature shifts. (Janet认为“树木爆炸”的现象并不像听起来那么不寻常或可怕，她说，由于气温的快速变化，树木经常会结冰和爆裂)”可知，Janet认为是由于天气的快速变化导致树木爆炸。故答案为C。
3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“In trees that aren’t cmpletely inactive, cld weather causes tree sap t freeze. When that happens, the sap expands beynd what the tree’s bark can cntain. And s, the tree splits in places that can’t cpe with the pressure, creating cracks knwn as “frst cracks”. Althugh trees d nt actually explde int pieces when frst cracks happen, there may be lud nises and visible fractures (折断)，and heavy branches can fall t the grund.(在那些不是完全不活跃的树木中，寒冷的天气会导致树液冻结。当这种情况发生时，树液会膨胀到超出树皮所能容纳的范围。因此，树木在无法承受压力的地方裂开，形成了被称为“霜裂缝”的裂缝。虽然霜裂发生时树木不会爆炸成碎片，但可能会有很大的噪音和可见的裂缝(折断)，沉重的树枝可能会掉落到地上)”可知，本段详细描述了为什么天气的急剧变化会导致树木爆炸，所以D选项“树木爆炸的原因”贴合本段主旨。故答案为D。
4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Frm midwinter t early spring this can ccur when the temperature swings, snw melts and warm sun, cld nights wrk in harmny. (从仲冬到初春，气温波动，积雪融化，温暖的太阳和寒冷的夜晚和谐相处，就会出现这种情况)”和“It is usually nthing t be t cncerned abut; the tree will start t heal just as quickly. (这通常没什么好担心的；这棵树很快就会开始愈合)”可推测出MacKenzie 认为树木爆炸是一种常见的自然现象，没有什么好担心的，所以A选项“树木爆炸是一种自然现象”符合题意。故答案为A。
4.【浙江省舟山市2022-2025学年高考首考模拟英语试卷（二）】
If yu’ re reaching fr the last piece f pizza at a party, and meanwhile see anther hand ging fr it, yur next mve prbably depends n hw yu feel and whm the hand belngs t. Yur little sister — yu might just grab the pizza. Yur bss — yu prbably will give up.
Nw researchers have made prgress in understanding hw mammals’ brain encdes scial rank and uses this infrmatin t shape behavirs — such as whether t fight fr the last pizza slice. They discvered that an area f the brain called the medial prefrntal crtex (mPFC) was respnsible fr representing scial rank in mammals; changes t a muse’s mPFC affected its dminance behavir. But it was unknwn hw the mPFC represented this infrmatin and which neurns(神经元) were invlved in changing dminance behaviur.
In the new study, Prfessr Kay Tye let grups f fur mice share a cage. Sme mice became mre dminant and thers mre subrdinate. As sn as the mice were paired up, he discvered, the activity f their mPFC neurns culd predict — with 90 percent certainty — the rank f their ppnent.
“We expected animals might nly signal rank when they are in a cmpetitin,” says c-researcher Nancy. “But it turns ut animals walk arund with this representatin f scial rank all the time.”
When the researchers next asked whether the activity f the mPFC neurns was assciated with behaviur, they fund smething surprising. The brain activity patterns were linked with slight changes in behaviur, such as hw fast a muse mved, and they als culd predict — a full 30 secnds befre the cmpetitin started — which muse wuld win the fd reward.
The winner was nt always the mre dminant, but the ne engaged in a winning mindset. Just as yu might smetimes be in a mre cmpetitive md and be mre likely t snatch that pizza slice befre yur bss, a subrdinate muse might be in a mre winning mindset than a mre dminant muse and end up winning.
The areas f the mPFC assciated with scial rank and winning mindset are next t ne anther and highly cnnected. Signals n scial rank impact the state f the brain invlved in winning mindset. In ther wrds, a subrdinate muse’s cnfidence and winning mindset may partially decrease when faced with a dminant ne.
“This is further evidence t suggest that we are in different brain states when we are with thers cmpared t when we’re alne,” says Tye.
1．What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T prvide backgrund infrmatin.B．T state the imprtance f scial rank.
C．T give readers an example f scial rank.D．T intrduce the tpic f the reading passage.
2．What des the underlined wrd “they” in paragraph 5 refer t?
A．The mPFC neurns.B．The researchers.
C．The brain activity patterns.D．The changes in behaviur.
3．What can we learn frm the new study?
A．Brain activities can influence scial rank.
B．Dminant ppnents bst winning mindset.
C．Scial rank and winning mindset affect behaviur.
D．Animals nly exhibit their rank in cmpetitin.
4．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Winning mindset establishes dminance.
B．Scial rank guides cmpetitive behaviur.
C．A subrdinate muse can never been a winner.
D．Awareness f different peple arund yu make yur brain use different neurns.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员对大脑中一个叫做内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC）的区域如何参与改变支配行为的研究，得出结论：处于“胜利心态”的人更容易成为具有统治力的人，意识到周围不同的人会让你的大脑使用不同的神经元。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“If yu’ re reaching fr the last piece f pizza at a party, and meanwhile see anther hand ging fr it, yur next mve prbably depends n hw yu feel and whm the hand belngs t. Yur little sister—yu might just grab the pizza. Yur bss—yu prbably will give up. But if yu’re hungry and feeling particularly cnfident, yu might g fr it. ” (如果你在派对上伸手去拿最后一块披萨，同时看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行动可能取决于你的感觉以及那只手属于谁。如果是你妹妹——你可能就去拿披萨。如果是你的老板——你可能会放弃。但是如果你饿了并且感觉特别自信，你可能会去拿披萨。)结合之后文章提出大脑中一个叫做内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC）的区域负责代表哺乳动物的社会地位，可知作者写第一段是为了引出一个主要话题。故选D项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第五段“When the researchers next asked whether the activity f the mPFC neurns was assciated with behaviur, they fund smething surprising. The brain activity patterns were linked with slight changes in behaviur, such as hw fast a muse mved, and they als culd predict—a full 30 secnds befre the cmpetitin started—which muse wuld win the fd reward. ” (当研究人员再次询问mPFC神经元的活动是否与行为有关时，他们发现了一些令人惊讶的事情。大脑活动模式与行为的轻微变化有关，例如老鼠移动的速度，它们还可以在比赛开始前整整30秒预测哪只老鼠会赢得食物奖励。)可知研究人员发现大脑活动模式与行为密切相关，划线部分的“they”指的是大脑活动模式。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The areas f the mPFC assciated with scial rank and “winning mindset” are next t ne anther and highly cnnected. Signals n scial rank impact the state f the brain invlved in “winning mindset”. In ther wrds, a subrdinate muse’s cnfidence and “winning mindset” may partially decrease when faced with a dminant ne. ”( mPFC中与社会地位和“获胜心态”相关的区域彼此相邻，高度相关。社会等级的信号会影响“获胜心态”的大脑状态。换句话说，当面对占优势的老鼠时，从属老鼠的信心和“获胜心态”可能会部分下降。)可知社会地位和获胜心态可能会影响心态，从而影响行为。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“If yu’ re reaching fr the last piece f pizza at a party, and meanwhile see anther hand ging fr it, yur next mve prbably depends n hw yu feel and whm the hand belngs t. Yur little sister — yu might just grab the pizza. Yur bss — yu prbably will give up. ” (如果你在派对上伸手去拿最后一块披萨，同时看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行动可能取决于你的感觉以及那只手属于谁。如果是你妹妹——你可能就去拿披萨。如果是你的老板——你可能会放弃。)；再根据倒数第一段““This is further evidence t suggest that we are in different brain states when we are with thers cmpared t when we’re alne,” says Tye. ” (Tye说，这是进一步的证据表明，当我们和别人在一起时，与我们独自一人时相比，我们的大脑状态是不同的。)可知，我们大脑的神经元会随着周围不同的人而发生改变。故选D项。
5.【河南省TOP20名校2022-2025学年高三上学期12月调研考】
The next big stage, the imprvement frm autmatic t truly autnmus trains, is already here. It will take train autnmy t the next level, beynd the autmated perfrmance n clsed lps (圈；环) such as autmatic rail lines tday and nt the vast expanse f internatinal railways.
That will mean that the next generatin f trains will be able t lcate themselves in their envirnment and interact with ther train traffic withut human assistance. They will have the ability t detect and manage n their wn all elements f their envirnment, designed by a cnnected traffic management system.
The transitin tward train autnmy is speeding, says Kai Taylr, Thales Marketing & Cmmunicatins Directr Main Line Rail Signalling, and fr a reasn that can be summed up in ne wrd: digitalisatin.
“The key t success,” says Kai Taylr, “is in fact what is in ‘the Thales DNA’ — the digital technlgies acrss Thales business units-aerspace, space, transprtatin, defence and security.”
“These technlgies represent the pieces f the puzzle t achieve real train autnmy. They are artificial intelligence, big data, cnnectivity, including the internet f things linking trains t intelligent railway switches, and with netsecurity built in. We have sensrs fr bstacle (障碍) detectin frm Thales defence, safe and precise satellite psitining frm ur space and avinics (航空电子设备) divisin, IT cnnectivity frm ur recent purchase Gemalt, cybersecurity frm the Thales security sectr and the trusted explainable and apprvable artificial intelligence led by Thales fr safe decisins. Taken tgether, they will prvide the train with true autnmy fr safe and efficient peratins.”
Of curse, all these technlgies are at the base f the Thales grund and air transprtatin sectr’s current fferings fr efficient, safe and reliable travel in the air r n the grund.
Kai Taylr explains, “We’re unique in having the experience and the expertise in all aspects f mbility, including Thales glbal leadership in air and train management systems which are assuring rail and air travel fr airlines and rail peratrs all ver the wrld.”
1．What will truly autnmus trains d?
A．Carry ut the autmated perfrmance n clsed lps.
B．Cmmunicate with ther trains with the help f humans.
C．Examine and deal with the situatins f the surrundings.
D．Travel autmatically with great speeds using slar pwers.
2．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Their envirnment.B．The transitin’ speeding.
C．Human assistance.D．The ability t lcate themselves.
3．What des paragraph 5 mainly tell us?
A．Hw digitalisatin wrks in real train autnmy.
B．What sensrs n the autnmus trains deal with
C．What will prvide the train with safety and efficiency.
D．Hw bstacles are remved frm the paths f trains.
4．What’s Kai Taylr’s attitude twards the future f autnmus trains?
A．Cautius.B．Cncerned.
C．Critical.D．Cnfident.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了列车由自动向自主发展的趋势。
1．细节理解题。从第二段的第二句“They will have the ability t detect and manage n their wn all elements f their envirnment, designed by a cnnected traffic management system.”（经关联交通管理系统设计，自主运行列车能够独立检测与处理全部环境因素。）可知，自主运行列车可以独立检测和处理环境因素。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。结合指代关系和上文“The transitin tward train autnmy is speeding”（列车自主化的变革正在加快脚步）可知，此处that指代的是上文提到的“列车自主化的变革速度”。故选B项。
3．主旨大意题。通读全段，结合首句中的“These technlgies”（这些技术）可知，全段讲述了诸如物联网、障碍物检测传感器、卫星定位、人工智能等数字化技术在自主运行列车上的运用。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲述了凯·泰勒对自主运行列车的看法，其中由“We’re unique in having the experience and the expertise in all aspects f mbility”（我们在各方面的流动性具有独到的经验与专业知识）可知，凯·泰勒表示他们具备独一无二的经验与专业知识，说明他对自主运行列车是非常有信心的。故选D项。
6.【2025届四川省资阳市高中高三上学期第一次诊断性考试】
Each year n Octber 15, Glbal Handwashing Day is bserved t strengthen the health awareness and prevent the spread f infectius diseases. And a hand—shaped rbt called “Pepe”, which encurages kids t wash their hands, has helped pupils at a remte Indian primary schl t develp habits f persnal hygiene (卫生).
Pepe was fixed n the wall abve a hand—washing statin at Wayanad Gvernment Primary Schl in Kerala, which has abut 100 pupils aged 5 and 10. A small vide screen behind the green plastic Pepe acted as a “muth”, allwing researchers t tele—perate the rbt t speak t the pupils and draw their attentin t the pster utlining the steps f effective hand—washing. A set f mving “eyes” helped Pepe pay attentin t the children’s actins.
The rbt helped pupils wash their hands mre effectively, increasing their rates f hand—washing by 40 percent. Pupils spent twice as lng washing their hands after Pepe’s arrival. And mre than 95% f the students culd crrectly determine when hand—washing with sap has t be dne—befre a meal and after a visit t the tilet.
Hand—washing is ne f the mst effective ways against the spread f diarrhea and respiratry infectins. Dr. Aml Deshmukh, frm the University f Glasgw’s Schl f Cmputing Science, led the prject in partnership with clleagues frm Amrita University. He said, “We were delighted by the success f Pepe’s visit t this primary schl. The children were excited t interact with this relatively simple machine, which was clearly gd fr keeping their hands clean. Dr. Bhavani frm Amrita University said,” AMMACHI (Amrita Multi Mdal Applicatin and Cmputer Human Interactin) Labs have taken multi plans t address cmmn challenges facing lw—incme rural cmmunities in India and wrldwide using technlgy.”
1．Why was “Pepe” fixed at the Primary Schl?
A．T watch n pupil’ actins.B．T wash children’s hands.
C．T freshen the envirnment.D．T develp children’s health habits.
2．Hw did the rbt bring changes t the pupils?
A．By playing with pupils.B．By prviding knwledge.
C．By ffering pupils sap.D．By washing pupils’ hands.
3．What can yu learn abut Pepe’s visit t the primary schl?
A．It was a failure.B．It had n effect.
C．It was a success.D．It was a waste f time.
4．What des the underlined wrd “address” in the last paragraph mean?
A．deal with.B．write a place n.C．make a speech t.D．speak t.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了让孩子们养成洗手的好习惯，印度一学校在洗手站上方的墙安装了一个机器人来吸引学生的注意力，让他们勤洗手。这个机器人提高了学生洗手的频率。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“And a hand—shaped rbt called “Pepe”, which encurages kids t wash their hands, has helped pupils at a remte Indian primary schl t develp habits f persnal hygiene (卫生).(一个叫“Pepe”的手形机器人鼓励孩子们洗手，它帮助印度一所偏远小学的学生养成了个人卫生习惯。)”可知，这个机器人就是为了鼓励学生养成洗手的好习惯。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“A small vide screen behind the green plastic Pepe acted as a “muth”, allwing researchers t tele—perate the rbt t speak t the pupils and draw their attentin t the pster utlining the steps f effective hand—washing. A set f mving “eyes” helped Pepe pay attentin t the children’s actins.(绿色塑料Pepe后面的一个小电视屏幕充当了一个“嘴”，使研究人员能够遥控机器人对学生说话，并把他们的注意力吸引到概述有效洗手步骤的海报上。一组移动的“眼睛”帮助佩佩注意孩子们的行动。)”可知，研究人员通过操控这个机器人来让学生关注墙上的海报，海报上有关于有效洗手的步骤，来告知学生如何洗手。因此可知，这个机器人是通过给学生传播一些关于洗手方面的知识来帮助学生养成勤洗手的习惯。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The rbt helped pupils wash their hands mre effectively, increasing their rates f hand—washing by 40 percent. Pupils spent twice as lng washing their hands after Pepe’s arrival. And mre than 95% f the students culd crrectly determine when hand—washing with sap has t be dne—befre a meal and after a visit t the tilet.(这个机器人帮助学生更有效地洗手，洗手率提高了40%。佩佩到来后，学生们洗手的时间增加了一倍。超过95%的学生能够正确判断何时必须用肥皂洗手——饭前和如厕后。)”可知，这个机器人的到来提高了学生的洗手率，使得学生洗手的时间增加了一倍，因此可知，它的到来是很成功的。故选C项。
4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“He said, “We were delighted by the success f Pepe’s visit t this primary schl. The children were excited t interact with this relatively simple machine, which was clearly gd fr keeping their hands clean. Dr. Bhavani frm Amrita University said,” AMMACHI (Amrita Multi Mdal Applicatin and Cmputer Human Interactin) Labs have taken multi plans t address cmmn challenges facing lw—incme rural cmmunities in India and wrldwide using technlgy.”(他说：“我们对佩佩访问这所小学的成功感到高兴。孩子们兴奋地与这台相对简单的机器互动，这显然有利于保持他们的手干净。Amrita大学的Bhavani博士说：“AMMACHI (Amrita多模式应用和人机交互)实验室已经采取了多种计划，利用技术解决印度和全世界低收入农村社区面临的共同挑战。”)”可知，机器人的到来使得学生们养成勤洗手的习惯，因此可推知，研究者们利用科技解决了一些问题、一些挑战，因此可知划线词与A项“deal with解决”意义相近。故选A项。