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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优秀同步测试题
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优秀同步测试题，文件包含专题15必修第3册Unit4SpaceExploration教师版---2025届高三英语总复习人教版2019docx、专题15必修第3册Unit4SpaceExploration学生版---2025届高三英语总复习人教版2019docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共49页， 欢迎下载使用。
知识精讲
知识点01 disappinted adj.失望的，沮丧的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Peple were disappinted the news that the satellite had been launched unsuccessfully.
(2)One by ne，the applicants left the interviewer’s ffice with (disappint) lks n their faces.
(3)Much t my (disappint)，I fund he had tld a lie t his mther.
【答案】1.
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)对结果感到失望，他忍不住哭了起来。
Disappinted at the result，he culdn’t help crying.
知识点2 desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望
vt.渴望；期望；想望
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The by has a strng desire a smartphne with a large internal memry t play games.
(2)The teacher desired that all the exercises (hand) in befre schl was ver.
(3)Since yu have a strng desire (learn) Chinese culture，I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place fr yu.(2019·北京)
【答案】1.fr 2. (shuld) be handed3.t learn
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)他母亲希望他长大后成为一名建筑师。
①His mther an architect after he grew up.
②His mther desired that an architect after he grew up.
【答案】1.desired him t be/becme2.he (shuld) be/becme
知识点3 signal v．标志着；标明；发信号
n．信号；标志；预示；信号灯
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)We (signal) t the driver in the hpe f stpping him befre he fell int the river.
(2)A man std up and crssed his arms ver his head， (signal) that he was strngly ppsed.
(3)Just like the traffic itself，the timing f the (signal) changes.
【答案】
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)司机匆忙把伤者送到了医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。(读后续写动作描写)
The driver rushed the injured t the hspital immediately，ignring the traffic signals all the way.
知识点4 n bard在船车、飞机等上；在宇宙飞船上
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The passengers bard are disappinted at the current accmmdatin n the ship.
(2)Six mnths ag Xie Lei said gdbye t her family and friends in China and (bard) a plane fr Lndn.
(3)The hurricane was s strng that all the passengers (bard) the ship fell int the river.
【答案】1.n
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)通过寄宿在一个外国家庭里，你可以更好地了解这个国家的文化习俗。(应用文之建议信)
By barding in a freign family，yu can have a better understanding f this cuntry’s culture and custms.
知识点5 lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有
n．缺乏；短缺
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1) (lack) sufficient xygen，the astrnaut culd nt carry n with his missin.
(2)Later，he wrked in Africa，where many peple suffered frm blindness fr lack prper treatment.
(3)It is bvius that the yung girl is (lack) in useful skills.
【答案】 3.lacking
再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(4)Thugh Jack lacked experience，he made up fr it in enthusiasm.
Thugh lacking experience，Jack made up fr it in enthusiasm.(用省略句改写)
知识点6 argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He ften argues his sn recycling water s as t cut dwn the water bill.
(2)Sme peple argue we shuld stp wasting time and mney explring space.
(3)Mst f the members argued his plan，which made him satisfied.
(4)Why did he have an (argue) with his wife yesterday?
(5)They argued him withdrawing his cmplaint.
【答案】1.with ，abut/ver2.that 3.fr
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(6)60%的受采访者支持垃圾分类并且声称他们也会在日常生活中这么做。(议论文)
60% f the interviewees argue fr rubbish classificatin and claim that they will d this in their daily life.
知识点7 attach v.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The prfessr attaches great imprtance the analysis f the data.
(2)Please attach yur phtgraph this applicatin frm.
(3)With time ging by，Claire seemed t be mre (attach) t Tny，the rbt.
【答案】1.t 2.t 3.attached
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文之建议信)
Yu can never attach t much imprtance t reading during the curse f learning language.
知识点8 run ut用完；耗尽物作主语，无被动语态
先练基础——根据句意用run短语的正确形式填空
(1)I was reading in a bkstre when I an ld friend there yesterday.
(2)I nearly a bus when it stpped suddenly in frnt f me.
【答案】1.ran acrss2.ran int
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)我们的钱快花完了。我们该怎么办？
① Our mney .What shuld we d?
② We .What shuld we d?
【答案】1.is running ut2.are running ut f ur mney
知识点9 therwise的用法
Astrnauts have t use tape t stick everything dwn while wrking in space because everything wuld flat ff therwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中therwise的词性和汉语意思
(1)My parents lent me the mney.Otherwise，I culdn’t have affrded the trip.adv.否则；不然
(2)There was sme music playing upstairs.Otherwise the huse was silent.adv.除此以外
(3)It is nt permitted t sell r therwise distribute cpies f past examinatin papers.adv.以其他方式
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。
We didn’t knw yu were in truble at that time， .
(5)我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。
I have n mney n me nw.Otherwise， .
【答案】1.therwise we wuld have given yu a hand2.I wuld lend sme t yu
语法精讲
不定式的用法
一、不定式的时态和语态
1．不定式的形式
不定式有六种形式，以 write 为例，列表如下：
2.使用情况
(1)一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生。
He seems t knw this.
他似乎了解这件事。
(2)进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调动作的持续性或正在进行。
He pretended t be wrking hard.＝He pretended that he was wrking hard.
他假装干得很卖力。
When he came in, I happened t be reading the nvel.
他进来时，我碰巧正在读小说。
(3)完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或已经发生。
I am srry t have given yu s much truble.
给你添了这么多麻烦真抱歉。
She is said t have just cmpleted a nvel.
据说她刚完成一部小说。
(4)完成进行式：强调不定式的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。
The rain was said t have been falling fr a week.据说雨已下一周了。
He was happy t have been staying with his uncle.他很高兴一直跟他叔叔住在一起。
(5)被动式：不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。
She felt puzzled t be asked such a questin.被问了这样一个问题，她很疑惑。
The factry t be built here next year is a car factry.明年在这里建的工厂是一家汽车制造厂。
二、不定式的语法功能
不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补。高考侧重考查不定式作定语、宾语、状语和宾补的用法。
1．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示将要发生的动作。
The weather will be sunny in the days t cme.
未来几天将是晴天。
(2)中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、the last/the nly/the next 或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。
Zhang Jian is the first Chinese t swim acrss the Bhai Sea.
张健是第一个横渡渤海的中国人。
He was the nly ne t finish the task n time.
他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。
(3)抽象名词 time, way, reasn, chance, curage, pprtunity, ability 等后以及不定代词 smething, nthing, little 等后常用不定式作定语。
A subway is an effective way t slve traffic prblems in a big city.
地铁是解决大城市交通问题的有效方法。
(4)“there be＋主语＋t d”和 have sth. t d 结构中，不定式也作后置定语。
There is nthing t wrry abut.没什么可担心的。
He has a lt f wrk t d tday.今天他有大量的活要干。
2．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。可位于句首或句末，其前可加 in rder/s as，但 s as t 不可位于句首。
I gt up early (in rder) t catch the 6：30 train.我早起是为了赶那趟六点半的火车。
(2)作原因状语。
I am glad t see yu.见到你很高兴。
He smiled t think f a clever plan.想到了一个聪明的计划，他笑了。
(3)作结果状语，表示出人意料或不太好的结果，常与 nly 连用；而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。
I hurried t the pst ffice, nly t find it clsed.我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。
单句语法填空
1．The ld man sat in frnt f the televisin every evening, happy (watch) anything that happened t be n.
2．I dialed up crprate headquarters, nly (tell) thse names were nt yet public.
3．Vlunteering gives yu a chance (change) lives, including yur wn.
4．The airprt (cmplete) next year will help prmte turism in this area.
5．It's standard practice fr a cmpany like this ne (emply) a security fficer.
6． (free) urselves frm the physical and mental tensins, we each need deep thught and inner quietness.
7．They hurried t the statin, nly (find) their train had gne five minutes befre.
8．He hurried t schl nly (find) nbdy there.
9．She wanted (see) which shp ffered the best service.
10．I feel it exciting (see) the mvie Wlf Warrirs Ⅱ which Wu Jing directed and starred in.
【答案】1. t watch2.t be ld 3.t change4.t be cmpleted5.t emply 6.T free 7.t find8.t find9.t see10.t see
写作园地
写作技巧——技巧点拨——
问题解决型作文的写作
一、题型特点
1．所涉及问题为当今社会热点；
2．要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径；
3．写作模式：a.首段提出问题，说明现状；b.第二段分析原因；c.末段解决问题。
二、写作模板
首段提出问题：
In recent days, we have t face the prblem—A(所要解决的问题)，which is becming mre and mre serius.
第二段分析原因：
As far as I am cncerned, there are numerus factrs accunting fr the phenmenn mentined abve, but the fllwing might be the critical nes. First and fremst, ______. Besides, ________. Last but nt least, ________.
末段提出解决办法：
Frm my pint f view, there are a number f ways that can slve the prblem. Firstly, ________ (解决办法一). Secndly, ________ (解决办法二). Thirdly, ________ (解决办法三). Furthly...
——写作要求——
假设你校在举办征文活动，题目为“Hw t Overcme Test Anxiety”，请你用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你自己的具体做法，以供同学们借鉴。
注意：
1．词数在80左右；
2．做法不少于四点；
3．参考词汇：wellprepared, take a deep breath, psitive/negative mds, cncentrate n, repeat
4．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Whever takes exams will feel mre r less tense and anxius
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
——思路分析——
一、确定主题，明确要求
1．主题定位：根据所要写的短文题目和注意内容可确定文章所涉及的内容——提出问题→点明问题的严重性→给出解决之道。
2．题目要求：针对如何克服考试焦虑这一问题谈谈自己的做法，且做法不少于四点。
二、构建框架，明确要点
结合自身对考试紧张情况的感悟，构建文章的主体框架如下：
1．明确提出问题：参加考试时会感到紧张、焦虑。
2．点明问题的严重性：如何克服考试紧张、焦虑这一问题很重要，亟待解决。
3．给出解决之道(至少四点)：①为考试做好充分准备，增强自信心；②坐下之后，放松自己的身体；③使消极情绪转化为积极情绪；④集中精力考试，不要注意周围其他人；⑤其他。
三、添枝加叶，扩句成篇
要点明确之后接下来要做的工作就是把重点信息以不同的句式表达出来：
点明问题的严重性：Hw t vercme test anxiety is very imprtant and a prblem in desperate want f being slved./Hw t vercme test anxiety is f great imprtance and a prblem needing t be settled urgently.
做法一：First(ly), make sure that yu're wellprepared fr the exam, which will make yu feel cnfident that yu can d it. the exam and this will give yu a feeling f cnfidence that yu can d it.
做法二：Secnd(ly), nce yu take yur seat/sit dwn, take a few minutes t relax...
做法三：Third(ly), remve/get rid f/push away negative mds and turn/change them int psitive nes.
做法四：Furth(ly), cncentrating n the exam may als benefit yu a lt/cncentrating n the exam may als be greatly beneficial t yu...
——佳作展示——
Whever takes exams will feel mre r less tense and anxius. S hw t vercme test anxiety is very imprtant and a prblem in desperate want f being slved. Persnally, the fllwing may be f help t yu.
First, make sure that yu're wellprepared fr the exam, which will make yu feel cnfident that yu can d it. Secnd, nce yu take yur seat, take a few minutes t relax, such as letting yur arms hang lsely, mving yur fingers as well as taking a few deep breaths. Third, push away negative mds and turn them int psitive nes. Furth, cncentrating n the exam may als benefit yu a lt and dn't pay attentin t the peple arund yu. Besides, if yu are sitting fr an ral exam, smile a lt and imagine yu are having the nicest cnversatin in a lng time. Of curse, when yu start feeling tense and anxius again during the exam, repeating the exercise t relax yurself is essential.
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．Culd yu tell me hw and when the came int being?
2．The railway shws that the train will cme，s yu can’t pass nw.
3．Thanks fr yur directins t the huse；we wuldn’t have fund it .
4．Many lifestyle d such great harm t health that they actually speed up the weakening f the human bdy.
5．A dg’s eating habit requires (定期的) training befre it is prperly established.
6．The river is very (浅的)，but yu can’t swim in it because the water is plluted.
7．The shrtage f water has becme a (全球的) prblem that needs t be slved urgently.
8．Thugh (缺乏) mney，his family lived an enjyable life.
【答案】1.universe 2.signal
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Artificial has been used in phnes，which makes them seem t be .(intelligent)
10．When asked whether he was t be an astrnaut，the by just lked at me with .(determine)
11．Thugh he was at the result f the examinatin，he tried t hide his in rder nt t discurage his sn.(disappint)
12．Since the cuntry became in 1842，it has played an imprtant rle .Gne are the days when it n thers fr everything.(depend)
13．A persn’s life is but knwledge is .(limit)
14．An abut whether peple shuld carry n with space explratin tk place at the cnference and sme peple that we shuld stp wasting time and mney n it.(argue)
15．Unsatisfied with the ，the researchers analyzed the data again.(analyze)
【答案】9.intelligence ，intelligent10.determined ，determinatin11.disappinted ，disappintment 12.independent ，independently，depended 13.limited ，limitless14.argument ，argued 15.analysis，analyzed
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．每当数学老师提出问题，他总是第一个举手的人。
Every time the math teacher asks questins， .
17．他的迅速反应让老师很满意。
His quick respnse
18．他不但成绩好，而且经常帮助别人。
19．他有很多朋友，因为他容易相处。
He has many friends .
20．工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。
The wrkers were nt better rganized，therwise they the task in half the time.
【答案】16.he is always the first ne t put up his hand17.makes the teacher pleased18.He nt nly studies well but als ften helps thers19.because he is easy t get alng with20.wuld have accmplished
题组B 能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
Peple have always wanted t explre space in the hpe f finding ut its secrets.After the mid-20th century，sme scientists realised 1. (peple) dream f travelling int space with brave peple
(carry) by spacecraft t learn mre abut the universe.Explring space is nt nly
(danger) but als challenging.Accidents can still happen thugh scientists try t make sure nthing 4. (g) wrng.But the desire 5. (explre) space never stps
peple believe they can vercme difficulties and be faced with thse big
7. (challenge)．China has made great prgress in cmpleting the manned rbit and spacewalk，studying the mn’s surface and 8. (establish) a space statin.9. ur jy，future discveries will enable us t understand the universe 10. (full) step by step.
【答案】1.peple’ explre6.because 10.fully
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后翻译短文并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：t d作定语和状语)
eq \x(determine，launch，disappint，independent，therwise，lack，sufficient)
Mankind has managed t create vehicles t carry astrnauts int space.They 1. rckets carrying satellites.Many intelligent peple are 2. t devte themselves t space explratin，even thugh space disasters which killed astrnauts n bard make them 3. .Besides，when living in space，the astrnauts have t recycle dirty water s as t use it later.Fr 4. f gravity，their muscles becme weak.They have t tape everything up,5. they wuld flat arund.They als need t figure ut a way t stre 6. fd r xygen，but peple’s desire t explre space never dies. China is the third cuntry t send humans int space 7. .This signals a giant leap frward fr China.Sme peple argue that we shuld stp wasting time and mney n space explratin，which is a shallw view.Our planet’s resurces are limited, we shuld find a new hme t prvide fr the ever increasing ppulatin.In clsing，we shuld carry n with space explratin.
【答案】1.launch 2.determined 5.therwise 6.sufficient 7.independently
题组C 培优拔尖练
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Spiled fr chice? That’s likely hw yu’ll feel after a mere day in Athens. The secret is in nt trying t d everything. Instead, take in a cuple f the turist highlights and then get a feel fr this attractive capital.
An ancient sight
The Acrplis (卫城) always cmes ut at the tp f the list f things t see in Athens. The mst famus f the western wrld’s ancient sights cntinue t impress turists as they climb the marble steps and stand befre the graceful Parthenn. Views frm up here are amazing.
A slw wander
Plaka is the city’s ldest neighburhd, resting n the slpes f the Acrplis with cafes and fascinating architecture. The streets are perfect fr getting lst in, giving wanderers the chance t discver cafes and bars where they can drink sme strng cffee amng lcals. Plaka is at its best in the early evening. Acrplis Huse Pensin is a preserved 19th century huse that gives guests a glimpse int a Greek hme.
A market scene
Varvakis Agra is Athens’ central market. Lcals cme here t shp and lk fr everything needed in a Greek kitchen—frm live il t meat. This is a lk at lcal life as well as a windw int Greek cuisine. The meat market is als hme t sme f the city’s best pubs, feeding traditinal fd t crwds f custmers frm all walks f sciety.
A splash f nightlife
Athenian nights are filled with music, dancing and dining. PerivliTuOuranu is a club with a strng atmsphere. Filled with the sunds f vilins and guitars pelting ut traditinal blues-like music, it’s sad but als beautiful and lively.
本文是一篇说明文。你想去雅典一饱眼福吗? 雅典古城富有魅力的景点会让你流连忘返。
1. Which f the fllwing is the best time t visit Plaka?
A. 8: 00 B. 12: 00 C. 18: 00 D. 22: 00
C【解析】细节理解题。根据A slw wander中的“Plaka is at its best in the early evening. ”可知, C项正确。
2. Varvakis Agra seems mre attractive t a freigner wh ______.
A. wants t try cking Athenian fd
B. is interested in the histry f Athens
C. likes taking phts f ancient buildings
D. hpes t buy sme suvenirs fr his friends
A【解析】。细节理解题。根据A market scene中的内容可知, Varvakis Agra是雅典的中心市场, 来自各行各业的人都能吃到传统的食物。故A项正确。
3. If yu want t get a feel fr traditinal Greek music, yu can g t ______.
A. Parthenn B. Plaka
C. Varvakis Agra D. PerivliTuOuranu
D【解析】细节理解题。根据A splash f nightlife中的介绍可知, PerivliTuOuranu是一个富有音乐情调的俱乐部, 在这里可以欣赏到由吉他、小提琴演奏出的传统音乐。故D项正确。
B
Washingtn: NASA has annunced evidence that Jupiter’s largest mn, Ganymede, has a saltwater cean under its icy surface. The cean seems t have mre water than all the water n Earth’s surface, accrding t new Hubble bservatins.
New Hubble bservatins f Ganymede’s magnetic field strngly suggest that the mn, which is the largest in ur whle slar system, is hme t a subsurface cean.
Scientists estimate that the cean is 95 kilmetres thick, which is abut 10 times deeper than Earth’s ceans. But unlike ur salty waters, Ganymede’s cean is buried under 150 kilmetres f ice.
While scientists have speculated (推测) since the 1970s abut the presence f an cean n Ganymede — the largest mn in ur slar system — until nw the nly bservatinal evidence came frm a brief flyby by the Galile spacecraft, which didn’t bserve the mn lng enugh t cnfirm a liquid cean.
This discvery marks an imprtant milestne, highlighting what nly Hubble can accmplish. In its 25 years in rbit, Hubble has made many scientific discveries in ur wn slar system. A deep cean under the icy surface f Ganymede pens up further exciting pssibilities fr life beynd Earth.
Scientists have already cnfirmed the existence f an cean n Eurpa, anther mn rbiting Jupiter, and NASA has annunced plans t send an unmanned missin there searching fr the life that might cme with liquid water.
Hubble is a telescpe that rbits Earth, but because f its impressive gravitatinal analyses it can be used t study the inside f far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists culd theretically detect ceans n distant explanets as well.
本文是一篇新闻报道。NASA证实木星的最大卫星木卫三上有海洋, 这一发现再次拓宽了科学家的视野, 使人们对太阳系内地球以外的生命的探寻更进了一步。
4. What can we learn abut Ganymede frm the passage?
A. It is a planet with the largest mn in ur whle slar system.
B. Its cean adds t peple’s excitement abut life beynd Earth.
C. It will be used by NASA as a base fr the Hubble telescpe.
D. Its liquid cean was first prved by the Galile spacecraft.
B。【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“A deep cean under the icy surface f Ganymede pens up further exciting pssibilities fr life beynd Earth. ”可知, 木星的最大卫星木卫三上海洋的存在激发了人们探索地球以外的生命的热情。故选B项。
5. Which f the fllwing best describes the writer’s attitude twards Hubble?
A. Cautius. B. Dubtful.
C. Negative. D. Favurable.
D【解析】观点态度题。根据第五段第一句“This discvery marks an imprtant milestne, highlighting what nly Hubble can accmplish. ”可知, 这次具有里程碑意义的发现只有哈勃望远镜能够完成。由此可推知, 作者对哈勃望远镜持支持态度。故选D项。
6. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?
A. An undergrund cean has been fund in Eurpa.
B. The presence f an undergrund cean in Eurpa is nt pssible.
C. It is nw certain that there is an cean n Eurpa.
D. N evidence has shwn the existence f an cean n Eurpa.
C。【解析】句意理解题。根据第六段中的“and NASA has annunced plans t send . . . with liquid water”可知, NASA宣布要在Eurpa上搜寻地球以外的生命是因为Eurpa上有水存在; 由此可知科学家们已经证实Eurpa上存在海洋。故选C项。
7. What type f writing des this passage belng t?
A. A term essay. B. A news reprt.
C. An experiment reprt. D. An explratin review.
B。【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Washingtn: NASA has annunced evidence . . . ”及文章内容可推知, 本文为一篇新闻报道。故选B项。
C
Wang Yaping, ne f the three crew members in the Shenzhu-X class spacecraft, delivered the lecture thrugh a 40-minute live vide bradcast, nine days after the successful spacecraft launch.
Assisted by the ther tw astrnauts Nie Haisheng and Zhang Xiaguang, Wang shwed students hw mvement ccurs in a zer-gravity envirnment thrugh a series f physics experiments t help students understand basic physics cncepts.
Observers say the creative lecture is nt nly gd fr science and patritic W1 educatin f the yunger generatin but als shws natinal cnfidence in China’s maturing W2 space technlgies.
Via the vide feed system, the three astrnauts interacted with sme 300 curius students in Beijing n Thursday after the lecture, wh raised questins abut their daily life in the space mdule.
“I’m extremely excited t see the magical effects f the experiments. I feel like I’m clse t space while watching the live bradcast, ” a primary schl student in Beijing tld the Glbal Times after the lecture.
The lecture became ne f the mst ppular tpics n Weib Thursday, with sme Web users saying this visually W3 impressive methd f educatin has made them interested in space science.
The lecture als drew internatinal attentin. After the lecture, Wang replied t a letter f greeting frm Barbara Mrgan, a female US astrnaut wh participated in a space teaching prgram in 2007. “We wuld like t jin the effrt, as yu have dne, t bring science-lving yuth arund the wrld clser t their dreams f explring the universe, ” Wang said in the reply, Xinhua reprted.
本文主要讲述王亚平空中授课的事迹, 零重力状态下做的实验不仅帮助学生了解了物理概念, 而且显示了中国对太空技术的自信。
8. We can infer frm the passage Wang Yaping did the experiments ______.
A. n her wn
B. in an envirnment withut gravity
C. nly t amuse the students
D. nly t shw China’s maturing space technlgies
B。【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段和第四段的内容可知, 王亚平是在零重力状态下做这些实验, 并且是在聂海胜和张晓光的帮助下完成的。这些实验可以帮助学生了解物理概念并且显示中国对太空技术的自信。由此可知选B。
29. We can say this lecture is ______.
A. impressive but ridiculus
B. creative but impractical
C. interesting and educatinal
D. educatinal but bring
C【解析】推理判断题。从倒数第二段可知答案。
30. Accrding t the passage, we knw Barbara Mrgan ______.
A. is a wman astrnaut frm America
B. nce taught Wang Yaping hw t deliver a speech in space
C. was the first wman in US t be sent in space
D. nce trained with Wang Yaping
A【解析】细节理解题。从最后一段第二句可知答案。
31. What’s the main idea f the passage?
A. The Shenzhu-X class spacecraft.
B. Wang Yaping’s space class.
C. The internatinal influence f China’s space explratin.
D. China’s utstanding astrnauts.
B【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲了王亚平的空中授课以及它的影响。故选B。
第二节
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Like many yung children, Vikas Jyani dreamed f 1. __________ (be) a pilt as a by. Living in a small village called Sarangpur in Hisar district, he did nt let g f that dream and after years f struggle, 2. __________(succeed) in becming a pilt. It was what he did after achieving his dream 3. __________ wuld make headlines in the news.
With him grwing up, the elders f the village always encuraged him 4. __________(g) fr his dreams. 5. __________ turn, he prmised them that when he did becme a pilt, he wuld take all f them tgether fr a ride in a plane. And that was 6. __________(exact) what pilt Vikas Jyani did when the time came. He arranged fr plane 7. __________(ticket) fr all the 22 elders ver the age f 70 years ld in the village. The eldest was 90 years ld, and the yungest 72 years, mst f 8. __________had never been n a plane in their lives and never thught there was a 9. __________ (pssible) that they wuld take in the view frm abve the cluds.
All the elders gt t travel frm New Delhi t Amritsar where they gt t see the Glden Temple, Jallianwala Bagh and Wagah Brder. Flying in a plane 10. __________ (describe)as the best experience f their lives by many f the elders.
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Vikas Jyani从小就有当飞行员的梦想, 村里的老人也都鼓励他为梦想努力, 他答应实现梦想后带着全村的老人坐一次飞机。他的梦想实现了, 也兑现了自己的诺言。
1.being【解析】考查非谓语动词。dream f ding sth. 意为“梦想做某事”。故填being。
2.succeeded 【解析】考查动词时态。 succeed在此是谓语动词与did nt let 并列, 所以应用一般过去时。故填succeeded。
3.that【解析】考查强调句。It was +强调部分+that. . . 为强调结构, 此处强调部分是what he did after achieving his dream。故填that。
4. t g【解析】考查非谓语动词。encurage sb. t d sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填t g。
5.In【解析】考查介词。 in turn 为固定搭配, 意为“反过来”。故填In。
6.exactly【解析】考查副词。 修饰动词应用副词形式。故填exactly。
7.tickets【解析】考查名词复数。ticket是可数名词, 后面是为22个老人买的飞机票, 所以应用复数形式。故填tickets。
8.whm【解析】考查定语从句。此处______had never been n a plane in their lives and . . . 是定语从句, 关系词在定语从句中作f的宾语, 指人应用whm。
9.pssibility【解析】考查名词。在there be 后应用名词。故填pssibility。
10.was described【解析】考查动词时态和语态。 describe 与主语Flying in a plane是被动关系, 且叙述的是过去的事情, 所以应用一般过去时且使用被动语态。故填was described。重点词汇
阅读单词
1．prcedure n．程序；步骤；手续
2．cm abbr.(centimetre r centimeter)厘米
3．rcket n．火箭；火箭弹
4．gravity n．重力；引力
5．frntier n．边境；国界；边远地区
6．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆
7．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
8．rbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
9．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
10．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt/lept/r leaped，leaped)vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
11．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
12．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送
13．data n．[pl.]资料；数据
14．nging adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
15．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船
16．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间
17．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器
18．dck vi.& vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港 n．码头；船坞
19．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的
20．micrwave n．(als micrwave ven)微波炉
21．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
22．facility n．设施；设备
23．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
24．high-end adj.高端的
25．fam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫
26．pillw n．枕头
27．mystery n．神秘事物；谜
28．xygen n．氧；氧气
29．the USSR abbr.the Unin f Sviet Scialist Republics苏联
30．NASA abbr.Natinal Aernautics and Space Administratin(美国)国家航空与航天局
31．the Internatinal Space Statin国际空间站
32．Mars n．火星
33．Jupiter n．木星
重点单词
1．astrnaut n．宇航员；太空人
2．mental adj.精神的；思想的
3．universe n．宇宙；天地万物
4．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
5．mankind n．人类
6．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
7．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
8．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力
9．flat vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流
10．therwise adv.否则；要不然
11．beynd prep.在更远处；超出
12．sap n．肥皂
13．twel n．毛巾；抹布
14．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
15．glbe n．地球；世界；地球仪
16．shallw adj.肤浅的；浅的
17．pattern n．模式；图案；模范
18．mnitr n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控
19．smartphne n．智能手机
20．resurce n．资源；财力；物力
21．attach vt.系；绑；贴
词汇拓展
1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧
2．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determinatin n．决心；果断
3．disappinted adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappint vt.使失望→disappinting adj.令人失望的→disappintment n．失望；沮丧
4．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desired adj.渴望的，想要的
5．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠
6．lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
7．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点
8．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析
9．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地
10．limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制
重点词组
1．carry n继续做，坚持干
2．n bard在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．in the hpe f ding sth.抱着……的希望
4．s as t (d sth.)为了；以便
5．figure ut弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in导致；造成
7．as a result所以；结果(是)
8．prvide fr sb.提供生活所需
9．in clsing最后
10．run ut用完；耗尽
重点句型
1．Afterwards，the USSR fcused n sending peple int space，and n 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld t g int space.
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2．These disasters made everyne sad and disappinted，but the desire t explre the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。
3．Despite the difficulties，scientists hpe future discveries will nt nly enable us t understand hw the universe began，but als help us survive well int the future.
尽管有许多困难，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，而且还能帮助我们更好地生存到未来。
4．Astrnauts have t use tape t stick everything dwn while wrking in space because everything wuld flat ff therwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。
5．Sending peple t ther planets r even beynd the slar system is nt an easy gal t achieve.
把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。
•be disappinted at/with/by...对……失望
be disappinted t d sth.对做某事失望
be disappinted that...对……失望
•disappint vt.使失望/沮丧
•disappinting adj.令人失望的
•disappintment n．失望，沮丧
t ne’s disappintment令某人失望的是
•have a desire t d sth.渴望做某事
have a desire fr sth.渴望得到某物
•desire t d sth.渴望做某事
desire sb.t d sth.渴望某人做某事
desire that...(shuld) d...渴望……
•signal (t) sb.t d sth.示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that示意(某人)……
•traffic signals交通信号灯
•bard n．板；木板；委员会；董事会；伙食；膳食
•bard v．登上(船、车、飞机等)；寄宿
bard a ship/plane/train登上船/飞机/火车
bard in a freign family寄宿在一个外国家庭
a barding schl寄宿制学校
•abard adv.& prep.在船(飞机、火车等)上；上船(飞机、火车等)
g abard上船(飞机、火车等)
•abrad adv.在国外；到国外
g abrad出国
•(a) lack f缺少……
fr/thrugh lack f因缺少……
•lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的
be lacking in在……方面缺乏
•argue with sb.abut/ver sth.因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue fr/against (ding) sth.据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that...主张……，认为……
argue sb. int/ut f ding sth.说服某人做/不做某事
•argument n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点
•把……附在……上
attach
认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量等
•attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的
be attached t喜欢，依恋；附属于
run ut f用光，用完人作主语，有被动语态
run acrss偶然遇到
run after追逐；追求
run int撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上困境、麻烦等
•therwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。
表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用wuld/culd have dne，表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用wuld/culd d。
•therwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋therwise＋陈述句”。
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
t write
t be written
完成式
t have written
t have been written
进行式
t be writing
完成进行式
t have been writing
知识精讲
知识点01 disappinted adj.失望的，沮丧的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Peple were disappinted the news that the satellite had been launched unsuccessfully.
(2)One by ne，the applicants left the interviewer’s ffice with (disappint) lks n their faces.
(3)Much t my (disappint)，I fund he had tld a lie t his mther.
【答案】1.
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)对结果感到失望，他忍不住哭了起来。
Disappinted at the result，he culdn’t help crying.
知识点2 desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望
vt.渴望；期望；想望
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The by has a strng desire a smartphne with a large internal memry t play games.
(2)The teacher desired that all the exercises (hand) in befre schl was ver.
(3)Since yu have a strng desire (learn) Chinese culture，I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place fr yu.(2019·北京)
【答案】1.fr 2. (shuld) be handed3.t learn
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(4)他母亲希望他长大后成为一名建筑师。
①His mther an architect after he grew up.
②His mther desired that an architect after he grew up.
【答案】1.desired him t be/becme2.he (shuld) be/becme
知识点3 signal v．标志着；标明；发信号
n．信号；标志；预示；信号灯
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)We (signal) t the driver in the hpe f stpping him befre he fell int the river.
(2)A man std up and crssed his arms ver his head， (signal) that he was strngly ppsed.
(3)Just like the traffic itself，the timing f the (signal) changes.
【答案】
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)司机匆忙把伤者送到了医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。(读后续写动作描写)
The driver rushed the injured t the hspital immediately，ignring the traffic signals all the way.
知识点4 n bard在船车、飞机等上；在宇宙飞船上
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The passengers bard are disappinted at the current accmmdatin n the ship.
(2)Six mnths ag Xie Lei said gdbye t her family and friends in China and (bard) a plane fr Lndn.
(3)The hurricane was s strng that all the passengers (bard) the ship fell int the river.
【答案】1.n
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)通过寄宿在一个外国家庭里，你可以更好地了解这个国家的文化习俗。(应用文之建议信)
By barding in a freign family，yu can have a better understanding f this cuntry’s culture and custms.
知识点5 lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有
n．缺乏；短缺
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1) (lack) sufficient xygen，the astrnaut culd nt carry n with his missin.
(2)Later，he wrked in Africa，where many peple suffered frm blindness fr lack prper treatment.
(3)It is bvius that the yung girl is (lack) in useful skills.
【答案】 3.lacking
再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(4)Thugh Jack lacked experience，he made up fr it in enthusiasm.
Thugh lacking experience，Jack made up fr it in enthusiasm.(用省略句改写)
知识点6 argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He ften argues his sn recycling water s as t cut dwn the water bill.
(2)Sme peple argue we shuld stp wasting time and mney explring space.
(3)Mst f the members argued his plan，which made him satisfied.
(4)Why did he have an (argue) with his wife yesterday?
(5)They argued him withdrawing his cmplaint.
【答案】1.with ，abut/ver2.that 3.fr
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(6)60%的受采访者支持垃圾分类并且声称他们也会在日常生活中这么做。(议论文)
60% f the interviewees argue fr rubbish classificatin and claim that they will d this in their daily life.
知识点7 attach v.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)The prfessr attaches great imprtance the analysis f the data.
(2)Please attach yur phtgraph this applicatin frm.
(3)With time ging by，Claire seemed t be mre (attach) t Tny，the rbt.
【答案】1.t 2.t 3.attached
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文之建议信)
Yu can never attach t much imprtance t reading during the curse f learning language.
知识点8 run ut用完；耗尽物作主语，无被动语态
先练基础——根据句意用run短语的正确形式填空
(1)I was reading in a bkstre when I an ld friend there yesterday.
(2)I nearly a bus when it stpped suddenly in frnt f me.
【答案】1.ran acrss2.ran int
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)我们的钱快花完了。我们该怎么办？
① Our mney .What shuld we d?
② We .What shuld we d?
【答案】1.is running ut2.are running ut f ur mney
知识点9 therwise的用法
Astrnauts have t use tape t stick everything dwn while wrking in space because everything wuld flat ff therwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。
先练基础——一词多义
写出下列句子中therwise的词性和汉语意思
(1)My parents lent me the mney.Otherwise，I culdn’t have affrded the trip.adv.否则；不然
(2)There was sme music playing upstairs.Otherwise the huse was silent.adv.除此以外
(3)It is nt permitted t sell r therwise distribute cpies f past examinatin papers.adv.以其他方式
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。
We didn’t knw yu were in truble at that time， .
(5)我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。
I have n mney n me nw.Otherwise， .
【答案】1.therwise we wuld have given yu a hand2.I wuld lend sme t yu
语法精讲
不定式的用法
一、不定式的时态和语态
1．不定式的形式
不定式有六种形式，以 write 为例，列表如下：
2.使用情况
(1)一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生。
He seems t knw this.
他似乎了解这件事。
(2)进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调动作的持续性或正在进行。
He pretended t be wrking hard.＝He pretended that he was wrking hard.
他假装干得很卖力。
When he came in, I happened t be reading the nvel.
他进来时，我碰巧正在读小说。
(3)完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或已经发生。
I am srry t have given yu s much truble.
给你添了这么多麻烦真抱歉。
She is said t have just cmpleted a nvel.
据说她刚完成一部小说。
(4)完成进行式：强调不定式的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。
The rain was said t have been falling fr a week.据说雨已下一周了。
He was happy t have been staying with his uncle.他很高兴一直跟他叔叔住在一起。
(5)被动式：不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。
She felt puzzled t be asked such a questin.被问了这样一个问题，她很疑惑。
The factry t be built here next year is a car factry.明年在这里建的工厂是一家汽车制造厂。
二、不定式的语法功能
不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补。高考侧重考查不定式作定语、宾语、状语和宾补的用法。
1．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示将要发生的动作。
The weather will be sunny in the days t cme.
未来几天将是晴天。
(2)中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、the last/the nly/the next 或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。
Zhang Jian is the first Chinese t swim acrss the Bhai Sea.
张健是第一个横渡渤海的中国人。
He was the nly ne t finish the task n time.
他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。
(3)抽象名词 time, way, reasn, chance, curage, pprtunity, ability 等后以及不定代词 smething, nthing, little 等后常用不定式作定语。
A subway is an effective way t slve traffic prblems in a big city.
地铁是解决大城市交通问题的有效方法。
(4)“there be＋主语＋t d”和 have sth. t d 结构中，不定式也作后置定语。
There is nthing t wrry abut.没什么可担心的。
He has a lt f wrk t d tday.今天他有大量的活要干。
2．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。可位于句首或句末，其前可加 in rder/s as，但 s as t 不可位于句首。
I gt up early (in rder) t catch the 6：30 train.我早起是为了赶那趟六点半的火车。
(2)作原因状语。
I am glad t see yu.见到你很高兴。
He smiled t think f a clever plan.想到了一个聪明的计划，他笑了。
(3)作结果状语，表示出人意料或不太好的结果，常与 nly 连用；而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。
I hurried t the pst ffice, nly t find it clsed.我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。
单句语法填空
1．The ld man sat in frnt f the televisin every evening, happy (watch) anything that happened t be n.
2．I dialed up crprate headquarters, nly (tell) thse names were nt yet public.
3．Vlunteering gives yu a chance (change) lives, including yur wn.
4．The airprt (cmplete) next year will help prmte turism in this area.
5．It's standard practice fr a cmpany like this ne (emply) a security fficer.
6． (free) urselves frm the physical and mental tensins, we each need deep thught and inner quietness.
7．They hurried t the statin, nly (find) their train had gne five minutes befre.
8．He hurried t schl nly (find) nbdy there.
9．She wanted (see) which shp ffered the best service.
10．I feel it exciting (see) the mvie Wlf Warrirs Ⅱ which Wu Jing directed and starred in.
【答案】1. t watch2.t be ld 3.t change4.t be cmpleted5.t emply 6.T free 7.t find8.t find9.t see10.t see
写作园地
写作技巧——技巧点拨——
问题解决型作文的写作
一、题型特点
1．所涉及问题为当今社会热点；
2．要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径；
3．写作模式：a.首段提出问题，说明现状；b.第二段分析原因；c.末段解决问题。
二、写作模板
首段提出问题：
In recent days, we have t face the prblem—A(所要解决的问题)，which is becming mre and mre serius.
第二段分析原因：
As far as I am cncerned, there are numerus factrs accunting fr the phenmenn mentined abve, but the fllwing might be the critical nes. First and fremst, ______. Besides, ________. Last but nt least, ________.
末段提出解决办法：
Frm my pint f view, there are a number f ways that can slve the prblem. Firstly, ________ (解决办法一). Secndly, ________ (解决办法二). Thirdly, ________ (解决办法三). Furthly...
——写作要求——
假设你校在举办征文活动，题目为“Hw t Overcme Test Anxiety”，请你用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你自己的具体做法，以供同学们借鉴。
注意：
1．词数在80左右；
2．做法不少于四点；
3．参考词汇：wellprepared, take a deep breath, psitive/negative mds, cncentrate n, repeat
4．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Whever takes exams will feel mre r less tense and anxius
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
——思路分析——
一、确定主题，明确要求
1．主题定位：根据所要写的短文题目和注意内容可确定文章所涉及的内容——提出问题→点明问题的严重性→给出解决之道。
2．题目要求：针对如何克服考试焦虑这一问题谈谈自己的做法，且做法不少于四点。
二、构建框架，明确要点
结合自身对考试紧张情况的感悟，构建文章的主体框架如下：
1．明确提出问题：参加考试时会感到紧张、焦虑。
2．点明问题的严重性：如何克服考试紧张、焦虑这一问题很重要，亟待解决。
3．给出解决之道(至少四点)：①为考试做好充分准备，增强自信心；②坐下之后，放松自己的身体；③使消极情绪转化为积极情绪；④集中精力考试，不要注意周围其他人；⑤其他。
三、添枝加叶，扩句成篇
要点明确之后接下来要做的工作就是把重点信息以不同的句式表达出来：
点明问题的严重性：Hw t vercme test anxiety is very imprtant and a prblem in desperate want f being slved./Hw t vercme test anxiety is f great imprtance and a prblem needing t be settled urgently.
做法一：First(ly), make sure that yu're wellprepared fr the exam, which will make yu feel cnfident that yu can d it. the exam and this will give yu a feeling f cnfidence that yu can d it.
做法二：Secnd(ly), nce yu take yur seat/sit dwn, take a few minutes t relax...
做法三：Third(ly), remve/get rid f/push away negative mds and turn/change them int psitive nes.
做法四：Furth(ly), cncentrating n the exam may als benefit yu a lt/cncentrating n the exam may als be greatly beneficial t yu...
——佳作展示——
Whever takes exams will feel mre r less tense and anxius. S hw t vercme test anxiety is very imprtant and a prblem in desperate want f being slved. Persnally, the fllwing may be f help t yu.
First, make sure that yu're wellprepared fr the exam, which will make yu feel cnfident that yu can d it. Secnd, nce yu take yur seat, take a few minutes t relax, such as letting yur arms hang lsely, mving yur fingers as well as taking a few deep breaths. Third, push away negative mds and turn them int psitive nes. Furth, cncentrating n the exam may als benefit yu a lt and dn't pay attentin t the peple arund yu. Besides, if yu are sitting fr an ral exam, smile a lt and imagine yu are having the nicest cnversatin in a lng time. Of curse, when yu start feeling tense and anxius again during the exam, repeating the exercise t relax yurself is essential.
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．Culd yu tell me hw and when the came int being?
2．The railway shws that the train will cme，s yu can’t pass nw.
3．Thanks fr yur directins t the huse；we wuldn’t have fund it .
4．Many lifestyle d such great harm t health that they actually speed up the weakening f the human bdy.
5．A dg’s eating habit requires (定期的) training befre it is prperly established.
6．The river is very (浅的)，but yu can’t swim in it because the water is plluted.
7．The shrtage f water has becme a (全球的) prblem that needs t be slved urgently.
8．Thugh (缺乏) mney，his family lived an enjyable life.
【答案】1.universe 2.signal
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Artificial has been used in phnes，which makes them seem t be .(intelligent)
10．When asked whether he was t be an astrnaut，the by just lked at me with .(determine)
11．Thugh he was at the result f the examinatin，he tried t hide his in rder nt t discurage his sn.(disappint)
12．Since the cuntry became in 1842，it has played an imprtant rle .Gne are the days when it n thers fr everything.(depend)
13．A persn’s life is but knwledge is .(limit)
14．An abut whether peple shuld carry n with space explratin tk place at the cnference and sme peple that we shuld stp wasting time and mney n it.(argue)
15．Unsatisfied with the ，the researchers analyzed the data again.(analyze)
【答案】9.intelligence ，intelligent10.determined ，determinatin11.disappinted ，disappintment 12.independent ，independently，depended 13.limited ，limitless14.argument ，argued 15.analysis，analyzed
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．每当数学老师提出问题，他总是第一个举手的人。
Every time the math teacher asks questins， .
17．他的迅速反应让老师很满意。
His quick respnse
18．他不但成绩好，而且经常帮助别人。
19．他有很多朋友，因为他容易相处。
He has many friends .
20．工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。
The wrkers were nt better rganized，therwise they the task in half the time.
【答案】16.he is always the first ne t put up his hand17.makes the teacher pleased18.He nt nly studies well but als ften helps thers19.because he is easy t get alng with20.wuld have accmplished
题组B 能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
Peple have always wanted t explre space in the hpe f finding ut its secrets.After the mid-20th century，sme scientists realised 1. (peple) dream f travelling int space with brave peple
(carry) by spacecraft t learn mre abut the universe.Explring space is nt nly
(danger) but als challenging.Accidents can still happen thugh scientists try t make sure nthing 4. (g) wrng.But the desire 5. (explre) space never stps
peple believe they can vercme difficulties and be faced with thse big
7. (challenge)．China has made great prgress in cmpleting the manned rbit and spacewalk，studying the mn’s surface and 8. (establish) a space statin.9. ur jy，future discveries will enable us t understand the universe 10. (full) step by step.
【答案】1.peple’ explre6.because 10.fully
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后翻译短文并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：t d作定语和状语)
eq \x(determine，launch，disappint，independent，therwise，lack，sufficient)
Mankind has managed t create vehicles t carry astrnauts int space.They 1. rckets carrying satellites.Many intelligent peple are 2. t devte themselves t space explratin，even thugh space disasters which killed astrnauts n bard make them 3. .Besides，when living in space，the astrnauts have t recycle dirty water s as t use it later.Fr 4. f gravity，their muscles becme weak.They have t tape everything up,5. they wuld flat arund.They als need t figure ut a way t stre 6. fd r xygen，but peple’s desire t explre space never dies. China is the third cuntry t send humans int space 7. .This signals a giant leap frward fr China.Sme peple argue that we shuld stp wasting time and mney n space explratin，which is a shallw view.Our planet’s resurces are limited, we shuld find a new hme t prvide fr the ever increasing ppulatin.In clsing，we shuld carry n with space explratin.
【答案】1.launch 2.determined 5.therwise 6.sufficient 7.independently
题组C 培优拔尖练
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Spiled fr chice? That’s likely hw yu’ll feel after a mere day in Athens. The secret is in nt trying t d everything. Instead, take in a cuple f the turist highlights and then get a feel fr this attractive capital.
An ancient sight
The Acrplis (卫城) always cmes ut at the tp f the list f things t see in Athens. The mst famus f the western wrld’s ancient sights cntinue t impress turists as they climb the marble steps and stand befre the graceful Parthenn. Views frm up here are amazing.
A slw wander
Plaka is the city’s ldest neighburhd, resting n the slpes f the Acrplis with cafes and fascinating architecture. The streets are perfect fr getting lst in, giving wanderers the chance t discver cafes and bars where they can drink sme strng cffee amng lcals. Plaka is at its best in the early evening. Acrplis Huse Pensin is a preserved 19th century huse that gives guests a glimpse int a Greek hme.
A market scene
Varvakis Agra is Athens’ central market. Lcals cme here t shp and lk fr everything needed in a Greek kitchen—frm live il t meat. This is a lk at lcal life as well as a windw int Greek cuisine. The meat market is als hme t sme f the city’s best pubs, feeding traditinal fd t crwds f custmers frm all walks f sciety.
A splash f nightlife
Athenian nights are filled with music, dancing and dining. PerivliTuOuranu is a club with a strng atmsphere. Filled with the sunds f vilins and guitars pelting ut traditinal blues-like music, it’s sad but als beautiful and lively.
本文是一篇说明文。你想去雅典一饱眼福吗? 雅典古城富有魅力的景点会让你流连忘返。
1. Which f the fllwing is the best time t visit Plaka?
A. 8: 00 B. 12: 00 C. 18: 00 D. 22: 00
C【解析】细节理解题。根据A slw wander中的“Plaka is at its best in the early evening. ”可知, C项正确。
2. Varvakis Agra seems mre attractive t a freigner wh ______.
A. wants t try cking Athenian fd
B. is interested in the histry f Athens
C. likes taking phts f ancient buildings
D. hpes t buy sme suvenirs fr his friends
A【解析】。细节理解题。根据A market scene中的内容可知, Varvakis Agra是雅典的中心市场, 来自各行各业的人都能吃到传统的食物。故A项正确。
3. If yu want t get a feel fr traditinal Greek music, yu can g t ______.
A. Parthenn B. Plaka
C. Varvakis Agra D. PerivliTuOuranu
D【解析】细节理解题。根据A splash f nightlife中的介绍可知, PerivliTuOuranu是一个富有音乐情调的俱乐部, 在这里可以欣赏到由吉他、小提琴演奏出的传统音乐。故D项正确。
B
Washingtn: NASA has annunced evidence that Jupiter’s largest mn, Ganymede, has a saltwater cean under its icy surface. The cean seems t have mre water than all the water n Earth’s surface, accrding t new Hubble bservatins.
New Hubble bservatins f Ganymede’s magnetic field strngly suggest that the mn, which is the largest in ur whle slar system, is hme t a subsurface cean.
Scientists estimate that the cean is 95 kilmetres thick, which is abut 10 times deeper than Earth’s ceans. But unlike ur salty waters, Ganymede’s cean is buried under 150 kilmetres f ice.
While scientists have speculated (推测) since the 1970s abut the presence f an cean n Ganymede — the largest mn in ur slar system — until nw the nly bservatinal evidence came frm a brief flyby by the Galile spacecraft, which didn’t bserve the mn lng enugh t cnfirm a liquid cean.
This discvery marks an imprtant milestne, highlighting what nly Hubble can accmplish. In its 25 years in rbit, Hubble has made many scientific discveries in ur wn slar system. A deep cean under the icy surface f Ganymede pens up further exciting pssibilities fr life beynd Earth.
Scientists have already cnfirmed the existence f an cean n Eurpa, anther mn rbiting Jupiter, and NASA has annunced plans t send an unmanned missin there searching fr the life that might cme with liquid water.
Hubble is a telescpe that rbits Earth, but because f its impressive gravitatinal analyses it can be used t study the inside f far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists culd theretically detect ceans n distant explanets as well.
本文是一篇新闻报道。NASA证实木星的最大卫星木卫三上有海洋, 这一发现再次拓宽了科学家的视野, 使人们对太阳系内地球以外的生命的探寻更进了一步。
4. What can we learn abut Ganymede frm the passage?
A. It is a planet with the largest mn in ur whle slar system.
B. Its cean adds t peple’s excitement abut life beynd Earth.
C. It will be used by NASA as a base fr the Hubble telescpe.
D. Its liquid cean was first prved by the Galile spacecraft.
B。【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“A deep cean under the icy surface f Ganymede pens up further exciting pssibilities fr life beynd Earth. ”可知, 木星的最大卫星木卫三上海洋的存在激发了人们探索地球以外的生命的热情。故选B项。
5. Which f the fllwing best describes the writer’s attitude twards Hubble?
A. Cautius. B. Dubtful.
C. Negative. D. Favurable.
D【解析】观点态度题。根据第五段第一句“This discvery marks an imprtant milestne, highlighting what nly Hubble can accmplish. ”可知, 这次具有里程碑意义的发现只有哈勃望远镜能够完成。由此可推知, 作者对哈勃望远镜持支持态度。故选D项。
6. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?
A. An undergrund cean has been fund in Eurpa.
B. The presence f an undergrund cean in Eurpa is nt pssible.
C. It is nw certain that there is an cean n Eurpa.
D. N evidence has shwn the existence f an cean n Eurpa.
C。【解析】句意理解题。根据第六段中的“and NASA has annunced plans t send . . . with liquid water”可知, NASA宣布要在Eurpa上搜寻地球以外的生命是因为Eurpa上有水存在; 由此可知科学家们已经证实Eurpa上存在海洋。故选C项。
7. What type f writing des this passage belng t?
A. A term essay. B. A news reprt.
C. An experiment reprt. D. An explratin review.
B。【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Washingtn: NASA has annunced evidence . . . ”及文章内容可推知, 本文为一篇新闻报道。故选B项。
C
Wang Yaping, ne f the three crew members in the Shenzhu-X class spacecraft, delivered the lecture thrugh a 40-minute live vide bradcast, nine days after the successful spacecraft launch.
Assisted by the ther tw astrnauts Nie Haisheng and Zhang Xiaguang, Wang shwed students hw mvement ccurs in a zer-gravity envirnment thrugh a series f physics experiments t help students understand basic physics cncepts.
Observers say the creative lecture is nt nly gd fr science and patritic W1 educatin f the yunger generatin but als shws natinal cnfidence in China’s maturing W2 space technlgies.
Via the vide feed system, the three astrnauts interacted with sme 300 curius students in Beijing n Thursday after the lecture, wh raised questins abut their daily life in the space mdule.
“I’m extremely excited t see the magical effects f the experiments. I feel like I’m clse t space while watching the live bradcast, ” a primary schl student in Beijing tld the Glbal Times after the lecture.
The lecture became ne f the mst ppular tpics n Weib Thursday, with sme Web users saying this visually W3 impressive methd f educatin has made them interested in space science.
The lecture als drew internatinal attentin. After the lecture, Wang replied t a letter f greeting frm Barbara Mrgan, a female US astrnaut wh participated in a space teaching prgram in 2007. “We wuld like t jin the effrt, as yu have dne, t bring science-lving yuth arund the wrld clser t their dreams f explring the universe, ” Wang said in the reply, Xinhua reprted.
本文主要讲述王亚平空中授课的事迹, 零重力状态下做的实验不仅帮助学生了解了物理概念, 而且显示了中国对太空技术的自信。
8. We can infer frm the passage Wang Yaping did the experiments ______.
A. n her wn
B. in an envirnment withut gravity
C. nly t amuse the students
D. nly t shw China’s maturing space technlgies
B。【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段和第四段的内容可知, 王亚平是在零重力状态下做这些实验, 并且是在聂海胜和张晓光的帮助下完成的。这些实验可以帮助学生了解物理概念并且显示中国对太空技术的自信。由此可知选B。
29. We can say this lecture is ______.
A. impressive but ridiculus
B. creative but impractical
C. interesting and educatinal
D. educatinal but bring
C【解析】推理判断题。从倒数第二段可知答案。
30. Accrding t the passage, we knw Barbara Mrgan ______.
A. is a wman astrnaut frm America
B. nce taught Wang Yaping hw t deliver a speech in space
C. was the first wman in US t be sent in space
D. nce trained with Wang Yaping
A【解析】细节理解题。从最后一段第二句可知答案。
31. What’s the main idea f the passage?
A. The Shenzhu-X class spacecraft.
B. Wang Yaping’s space class.
C. The internatinal influence f China’s space explratin.
D. China’s utstanding astrnauts.
B【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲了王亚平的空中授课以及它的影响。故选B。
第二节
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Like many yung children, Vikas Jyani dreamed f 1. __________ (be) a pilt as a by. Living in a small village called Sarangpur in Hisar district, he did nt let g f that dream and after years f struggle, 2. __________(succeed) in becming a pilt. It was what he did after achieving his dream 3. __________ wuld make headlines in the news.
With him grwing up, the elders f the village always encuraged him 4. __________(g) fr his dreams. 5. __________ turn, he prmised them that when he did becme a pilt, he wuld take all f them tgether fr a ride in a plane. And that was 6. __________(exact) what pilt Vikas Jyani did when the time came. He arranged fr plane 7. __________(ticket) fr all the 22 elders ver the age f 70 years ld in the village. The eldest was 90 years ld, and the yungest 72 years, mst f 8. __________had never been n a plane in their lives and never thught there was a 9. __________ (pssible) that they wuld take in the view frm abve the cluds.
All the elders gt t travel frm New Delhi t Amritsar where they gt t see the Glden Temple, Jallianwala Bagh and Wagah Brder. Flying in a plane 10. __________ (describe)as the best experience f their lives by many f the elders.
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Vikas Jyani从小就有当飞行员的梦想, 村里的老人也都鼓励他为梦想努力, 他答应实现梦想后带着全村的老人坐一次飞机。他的梦想实现了, 也兑现了自己的诺言。
1.being【解析】考查非谓语动词。dream f ding sth. 意为“梦想做某事”。故填being。
2.succeeded 【解析】考查动词时态。 succeed在此是谓语动词与did nt let 并列, 所以应用一般过去时。故填succeeded。
3.that【解析】考查强调句。It was +强调部分+that. . . 为强调结构, 此处强调部分是what he did after achieving his dream。故填that。
4. t g【解析】考查非谓语动词。encurage sb. t d sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填t g。
5.In【解析】考查介词。 in turn 为固定搭配, 意为“反过来”。故填In。
6.exactly【解析】考查副词。 修饰动词应用副词形式。故填exactly。
7.tickets【解析】考查名词复数。ticket是可数名词, 后面是为22个老人买的飞机票, 所以应用复数形式。故填tickets。
8.whm【解析】考查定语从句。此处______had never been n a plane in their lives and . . . 是定语从句, 关系词在定语从句中作f的宾语, 指人应用whm。
9.pssibility【解析】考查名词。在there be 后应用名词。故填pssibility。
10.was described【解析】考查动词时态和语态。 describe 与主语Flying in a plane是被动关系, 且叙述的是过去的事情, 所以应用一般过去时且使用被动语态。故填was described。重点词汇
阅读单词
1．prcedure n．程序；步骤；手续
2．cm abbr.(centimetre r centimeter)厘米
3．rcket n．火箭；火箭弹
4．gravity n．重力；引力
5．frntier n．边境；国界；边远地区
6．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆
7．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
8．rbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
9．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
10．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt/lept/r leaped，leaped)vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
11．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
12．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送
13．data n．[pl.]资料；数据
14．nging adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
15．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船
16．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间
17．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器
18．dck vi.& vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港 n．码头；船坞
19．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的
20．micrwave n．(als micrwave ven)微波炉
21．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
22．facility n．设施；设备
23．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
24．high-end adj.高端的
25．fam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫
26．pillw n．枕头
27．mystery n．神秘事物；谜
28．xygen n．氧；氧气
29．the USSR abbr.the Unin f Sviet Scialist Republics苏联
30．NASA abbr.Natinal Aernautics and Space Administratin(美国)国家航空与航天局
31．the Internatinal Space Statin国际空间站
32．Mars n．火星
33．Jupiter n．木星
重点单词
1．astrnaut n．宇航员；太空人
2．mental adj.精神的；思想的
3．universe n．宇宙；天地万物
4．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
5．mankind n．人类
6．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
7．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
8．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力
9．flat vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流
10．therwise adv.否则；要不然
11．beynd prep.在更远处；超出
12．sap n．肥皂
13．twel n．毛巾；抹布
14．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
15．glbe n．地球；世界；地球仪
16．shallw adj.肤浅的；浅的
17．pattern n．模式；图案；模范
18．mnitr n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控
19．smartphne n．智能手机
20．resurce n．资源；财力；物力
21．attach vt.系；绑；贴
词汇拓展
1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧
2．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determinatin n．决心；果断
3．disappinted adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappint vt.使失望→disappinting adj.令人失望的→disappintment n．失望；沮丧
4．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desired adj.渴望的，想要的
5．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠
6．lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
7．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点
8．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析
9．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地
10．limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制
重点词组
1．carry n继续做，坚持干
2．n bard在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．in the hpe f ding sth.抱着……的希望
4．s as t (d sth.)为了；以便
5．figure ut弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in导致；造成
7．as a result所以；结果(是)
8．prvide fr sb.提供生活所需
9．in clsing最后
10．run ut用完；耗尽
重点句型
1．Afterwards，the USSR fcused n sending peple int space，and n 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld t g int space.
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2．These disasters made everyne sad and disappinted，but the desire t explre the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。
3．Despite the difficulties，scientists hpe future discveries will nt nly enable us t understand hw the universe began，but als help us survive well int the future.
尽管有许多困难，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，而且还能帮助我们更好地生存到未来。
4．Astrnauts have t use tape t stick everything dwn while wrking in space because everything wuld flat ff therwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。
5．Sending peple t ther planets r even beynd the slar system is nt an easy gal t achieve.
把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。
•be disappinted at/with/by...对……失望
be disappinted t d sth.对做某事失望
be disappinted that...对……失望
•disappint vt.使失望/沮丧
•disappinting adj.令人失望的
•disappintment n．失望，沮丧
t ne’s disappintment令某人失望的是
•have a desire t d sth.渴望做某事
have a desire fr sth.渴望得到某物
•desire t d sth.渴望做某事
desire sb.t d sth.渴望某人做某事
desire that...(shuld) d...渴望……
•signal (t) sb.t d sth.示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that示意(某人)……
•traffic signals交通信号灯
•bard n．板；木板；委员会；董事会；伙食；膳食
•bard v．登上(船、车、飞机等)；寄宿
bard a ship/plane/train登上船/飞机/火车
bard in a freign family寄宿在一个外国家庭
a barding schl寄宿制学校
•abard adv.& prep.在船(飞机、火车等)上；上船(飞机、火车等)
g abard上船(飞机、火车等)
•abrad adv.在国外；到国外
g abrad出国
•(a) lack f缺少……
fr/thrugh lack f因缺少……
•lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的
be lacking in在……方面缺乏
•argue with sb.abut/ver sth.因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue fr/against (ding) sth.据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that...主张……，认为……
argue sb. int/ut f ding sth.说服某人做/不做某事
•argument n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点
•把……附在……上
attach
认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量等
•attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的
be attached t喜欢，依恋；附属于
run ut f用光，用完人作主语，有被动语态
run acrss偶然遇到
run after追逐；追求
run int撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上困境、麻烦等
•therwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。
表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用wuld/culd have dne，表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用wuld/culd d。
•therwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋therwise＋陈述句”。
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
t write
t be written
完成式
t have written
t have been written
进行式
t be writing
完成进行式
t have been writing
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