高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters课后作业题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters课后作业题，文件包含Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringUsefulStructures分层作业原卷版docx、Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringUsefulStructures分层作业解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共14页， 欢迎下载使用。

shelter n. ____________________ vt. ____________________vi. ___________________
erupt vi. & vt. ______________________
typhn n. ______________________
emergency n. ______________________
_____________ vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
_____________ vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
_____________ n. 电；电能
_____________ n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
_____________ n. [ pl. ] 补给品；供应(量)；补给 vt. 供应；供给
【答案】1．灾难；灾害 2．避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险) 3． (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 4．台风 5．突发事件；紧急情况 6．damage 7．affect 8．electricity 9．effrt 10. supply
词块翻译
______________________ 似乎；好像；仿佛
______________________ 严重受损；破败不堪
______________________ 震惊；吃惊
______________________ 露天；在户外
______________________ 急救箱
______________________ 消灭；彻底消除
______________________ 现有(尤指帮助)
______________________建立
______________________ 火山喷发
______________________ 对……有影响
【答案】1．as if 似乎；好像；仿佛2．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪3．in shck 震惊；吃惊
4．in the pen air 露天；在户外5．first aid kit 急救箱6．sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
7．n hand 现有(尤指帮助)8．set up 建立9．vlcanic eruptin 火山喷发
10. have an effect n/upn对……有影响
三、完成句子
1．After the accident, nly tw passengers (幸存).
【答案】survived
【详解】考查时态。句意：事故发生后，只有两名乘客幸存。事情已发生，谓语动词survive (幸存)用一般过去时。故填survived。
2．Because f the earthquake, the electricity (供应) was cut ff.
【答案】supply
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于地震，电力供应被切断了。根据汉语提示可知应用名词supply，作主语。故填supply。
3．The driver lst cntrl f the car by accident and (碰撞) int a tree.
【答案】crashed
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：司机意外地失去了对汽车的控制，撞到了一棵树上。根据汉语提示可知，表示“碰撞”可用动词crash，再根据上文的lst可知，本句的时态为一般过去时，所以此处用动词的过去式形式。故填crashed。
4．Heavy rainfalls (淹没) the village.
【答案】flded
【详解】考查时态。句意：大雨淹没了村庄。事情已发生，谓语动词fld (淹没)时态用一般过去时。故填flded。
Thankfully, after I explained my plan t them in (细节), they finally said yes.
【答案】detail
【详解】考查名词。句意：幸运的是，在我详细解释了我的计划之后，他们终于同意了。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个名词，根据汉语提示“细节”，对应的英文单词是detail。in detail是固定搭配,“详细地；全面地；仔细地”。故填detail。
6．Firemen were called ut (营救) a man trapped in the building.
【答案】t rescue
【详解】考查不定式。句意：消防队员被召去营救一个被困在大楼里的人。“营救”是rescue，空格处用不定式作主语补足语，对主语Firemen的任务进行补充说明，故填t rescue。
7．Earthquakes are ne f cmmn natural (灾难).
【答案】disasters
【详解】考查名词。句意：地震是常见的自然灾害之一。根据汉语提示“灾难”可知，此处为名词disaster，作表语，ne f修饰可数名词复数形式。故填disasters。
8．Fish can’t (呼吸) ut f water.
【答案】breathe
【详解】考查动词。句意：鱼离开水就不能呼吸。根据汉语提示“呼吸”可知，此处为动词breathe，位于情态动词can’t后面，使用动词原形。故填breathe。
9．There were deep (裂缝) that appeared in the well walls.
【答案】cracks
【详解】考查名词。句意：井壁上出现了很深的裂缝。根据汉语提示可知，crack“裂缝”，可数名词，由were可知应用名词复数，作there be句型的主语，故填cracks。
10．We had n chice but t (躲避) until the shwer stpped.
【答案】shelter
【详解】考查动词原形。句意：我们别无选择只好躲避直到阵雨停下来。have n chice but t d sth.为固定短语，表示“别无选择，只能做某事”，空处应为动词原形，“躲避”为shelter，故填shelter。
能力提升
一、单句语法填空
1．He used the dnated fund and his wn mney t pay the 50 punds per child the British gvernment required. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他用捐赠的资金和自己的钱支付了英国政府要求的每个孩子50英镑。先行词为50 punds ，作定语从句中required的宾语，关系代词为that或者which。故填that/which。
2．This is the huse my grandfather built. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我祖父建造的房子。空处引导定语从句，先行词the huse，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
3．This is the reasn he gave me fr his being late. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他给我的他迟到的理由。空处引导定语从句，先行词the reasn，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
4．Friends is nt the first TV shw Mathew Parry starred at the early stage f his acting career. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：《老友记》并不是马修·派瑞演艺生涯早期出演的第一部电视剧。定语从句修饰先行词TV shw，先行词在从句作宾语，且由序数词修饰，只能用that引导。故填that。
5．Karen is a passinate supprter f the envirnmental refrm requires large enterprises t stp verusing nn-renewable natural resurces. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Karen是环保改革的热心支持者，环保改革要求大型企业停止过度使用不可再生的自然资源。空处引导定语从句，先行词为refrm，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
6．The mther made a prmise pleased all her children. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位母亲做出了一个令所有孩子都满意的承诺。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为prmise，指代事物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系动词that或which引导。故填that/which。
7．My uncle is the wner f a restaurant clse t the place is the center f the twn.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我叔叔是一家餐馆的老板，那家餐馆离市中心很近。the place为先行词，作定语从句中的主语，表示物，用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。故填that/which。
8．D yu still remember the days we spent tgether? (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查关系代词。句意：你还记得我们一起度过的日子吗？分析句子结构可知该句为定语从句，先行词为the days指物，在从句中充当spent的宾语，故填that/which。
9．I’m curius abut the persn with Mr. Smith is talking. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whm
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我对正在和史密斯先生谈话的那个人很好奇。the persn为先行词，指人，后接限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作with的宾语，只能用关系代词whm引导从句。故填whm。
10．Sme peple intentin is t make big mney appreciate being given any chance t multiply their incme, believing that is where their happiness lies. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whse
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一些意图赚大钱的人很感激有机会增加收入，认为这就是他们的幸福所在。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为Sme peple，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰intentin，应用关系代词whse引导。故填whse。
二、按要求改写句子
1．I’ve received the bk. My father sent it t me. (that/which) (用定语从句合并)

【答案】I’ve received the bk that my father sent t me./I’ve received the bk which my father sent t me.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我收到了那本书。我父亲寄给我的。it指代的是the bk，用定语从句合并时要用the bk作为先行词，“My father sent it t me”是定语从句，先行词bk是物，用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作sent的宾语，因此句子合并为“I’ve received the bk that/which my father sent t me”。故答案为I’ve received the bk that/which my father sent t me.
2．The whle city is in ruins. It was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday.(合并成含定语从句的复合句)

【答案】The whle city that was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday is in ruins./The whle city which was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday is in ruins.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：整个城市成了一片废墟。昨天发生了一场可怕的地震。合并成定语从句，先行词为the whle city，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故答案为The whle city that/which was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday is in ruins.
3．She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree. The tree was decrated very nicely. (用定语从句合并句子)

【答案】She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which was decrated very nicely./She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree that was decrated very nicely.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她点燃了一根火柴，看到了一棵圣诞树。这棵树装饰得很漂亮。第二句中的The tree指的是前面的a Christmas tree，“The tree was decrated very nicely”的对a Christmas tree的修饰，因此“was decrated very nicely”可作定语从句，先行词是a Christmas tree，是物，因此用关系代词which/that引导定语从句，因此句子合并为“She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which/that was decrated very nicely”。故答案为She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which/that was decrated very nicely.
4．Yesterday I helped an ld man. The ld man lst his way in the dwntwn area. (用定语从句合并句子)

【答案】Yesterday I helped an ld man wh/that lst his way in the dwntwn area.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天我帮助了一位在市区迷路的老人。句中先行词为 an ld man，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词wh或that引导。故答案为Yesterday I helped an ld man wh/that lst his way in the dwntwn area.
5．The ld temple is nw under repair. Its rf was damaged in a rainstrm. (用定语从句合并句子)

【答案】The ld temple whse rf was damaged in a rainstrm is nw under repair.
【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意：屋顶在暴雨中损坏的那座古庙现在正在修理中。“Its rf was damaged in a rainstrm.”对上句中“The ld temple”的情况进行说明，“Its”为“The ld temple”的形容词性物主代词，表示“它的”；“Its rf was damaged in a rainstrm.”可转化为限制性定语从句修饰“The ld temple”；“The ld temple”与rf之间构成所属关系，此定语从句用关系代词whse引导；原句可合并为含有限制性定语从句的主从复合句“The ld temple whse rf was damaged in a rainstrm is nw under repair.”，whse指代先行词The ld temple的所有格，意为“……的”，在从句中作定语。故答案为：The ld temple whse rf was damaged in a rainstrm is nw under repair.
三、定语从句翻译
1．The earthquake that happened in Tangshan in 1976 shcked the peple all ver the wrld. (英译汉)

【答案】发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。The earthquake“地震”，为定语从句的先行词，关系代词为that，作定语从句的主语， happened in Tangshan in 1976为“发生在1976年”。shcked the peple all ver the wrld翻译为“使全世界人民感到震惊”为一般过去时。故翻译为：发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。
2．Music was the rck I leant n t becme strng and t get thrugh thse hard times. (英译汉)

【答案】音乐是岩石，让我倚靠，变得坚强，度过那些艰难的日子。
【详解】考查定语从句、短语和不定式。Music翻译为“音乐”，was翻译为“是”，the rck翻译为“岩石”，I leant n翻译为“让我倚靠”，为省略that的定语从句， t becme strng and t get thrugh thse hard times翻译为“变得坚强，度过那些艰难的日子”，为动词不定式作后置定语。故翻译为：音乐是岩石，让我倚靠，变得坚强，度过那些艰难的日子。
Living legends must be athletes wh are masters in their sprts and als set gd examples fr thers.

【答案】
体育界的活传奇必须是运动项目上的大师，并且是他人学习的楷模。
【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子结构可知，本句为含有定语从句的复合句，主语Living legends译为“体育界的活传奇”，must be“一定是”，表语athletes“运动员”，定语从句wh are masters in their sprts and als set gd examples fr thers修饰先行词athletes，译为“运动项目上的大师，并且是他人学习的楷模”。故翻译为：体育界的活传奇必须是运动项目上的大师，并且是他人学习的楷模。
he Nbel Prize is awarded t thse wh make great cntributins in many fields every year. （英译汉）

【答案】诺贝尔奖每年颁发给那些在许多领域做出巨大贡献的人。
【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子成分，该句子的主干是被动句：The Nbel Prize is awarded t thse，主语The Nbel Prize 是“诺贝尔奖”，谓语动词 is awarded表示“被授予，颁发”，所以主干译为“诺贝尔奖颁发给那些人”；wh make great cntributins in many fields every year是定语从句修饰先行词thse，从句谓语“ make great cntributins ”译为“做出巨大贡献”，地点状语in many fields译为“在许多领域”，所以从句翻译为“在许多领域做出巨大贡献的”；时间状语 every year译为“每年”。故答案为：诺贝尔奖每年颁发给那些在许多领域做出巨大贡献的人。
Thse wh will take part in the activity must prvide their persnal infrmatin.(英译汉)

【答案】那些要参加活动的人必须提供他们的个人信息。
【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，wh will take part in the activity是定语从句，修饰先行词thse，take part in固定搭配，意为“参加”，Thse wh will take part in the activity翻译为“那些要参加活动的人”，“must”翻译为“必须”，“prvide”为动词，翻译为“提供”，persnal为形容词，翻译为“个人的”，infrmatin为名词，翻译为“信息”，故整句翻译为：那些要参加活动的人 必须提供他们的个人信息。
拓展延伸
一、阅读理解
Internatinal ShakeOut Day This Year
This year’s Internatinal ShakeOut Day is Octber 17, when millins f peple wrldwide will take part in earthquake drills (演习) at wrk, schl, r hme! It is a great way fr yur family r rganizatin t becme better prepared t survive and recver quickly frm big earthquakes.
At 10:17 am (lcal time) n 10/17, yu can jin millins f peple acrss the wrld in practicing earthquake safety. While we encurage everyne t take part, yu can sign up fr yur ShakeOut drill fr any day f the year, and drill at a time f yur chice, Yu can als include peple in different lcatins thrugh vides.FIND YOUR REGION
Mst participants (参与者) are in ne f the fficial ShakeOut Regins listed belw the page (with current sign-up ttals). Peple and rganizatins in ther cuntries can als sign up.
All regins take part in it n Octber 17,2024, unless specified.
ShakeOut began in Califrnia and has als been rganized in many ther states and cuntries. Official ShakeOut Regins require special lcal r reginal cperatin, typically by an emergency (紧急情况) management agency r a unin f many rganizatins. If yu are interested in establishing ShakeOut fr yur regin, please cntact us at If yur state, prvince, r cuntry is nt yet taking part, yu can sign up fr yurself r yur rganizatin as part f the glbal participatin ttal.
1．What is the purpse f the activity?
A．T raise peple’s safety awareness.
B．T stress the challenges f earthquakes.
C．T help peple get ready fr an earthquake.
D．T warn peple f the danger f earthquakes.
2．Hw many peple wrldwide tk part in the drills in 2023?
A．Over 270,000.B．Over 950,000.C．Over 57.3 millin.D．Over 19.3 millin.
3．Where is the text frm?
A．A website.B．A bk review.C．A guidebk.D．A diary entry.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文中主要介绍了今年地震演习活动的通知，包括其活动目的、参与方式等。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is a great way fr yur family r rganizatin t becme better prepared t survive and recver quickly frm big earthquakes. (对于你的家庭或组织来说，这是一种很好的方式，可以更好地准备好在大地震中生存和快速恢复。)”可知，这个活动的目的是帮助人们更好地为地震做好准备。故选C。
2．C 细节理解题。根据表格中最后一行中“Over 57.3 millim (超过5730万)”可知，2023年全球有超过5730万人参加了地震演习。故选C。
3．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If yu are interested in establishing ShakeOut fr yur regin, please cntact us at (如果您有兴趣在您的地区建立ShakeOut，请通过与我们联系。)”可推断出，这篇文章出自一个网站。故选A。
二、七选五
Hw t Prepare fr an Earthquake
An earthquake can be a very destructive natural disaster, particularly in the Pacific Rim regin. After an earthquake, yur hme may be a mess and yu might be left withut a water supply r pwer. 1 By ding s, yu may minimize the damage and injury in and arund yur hme.
· Create a disaster plan.
Frm yur plan and knw what t d befre the earthquake happens. 2 The mst imprtant first step is understanding what t d when an earthquake hits.
3
In a real earthquake, this is yur number ne defense. Drp t the flr, take cver under a firm desk r table and hld n firmly. Namely, drp and cver yur head frm falling bjects. Stay there until the shaking stps.
·Learn basic first aid.
There are resurces in yur cmmunity t educate peple n hw t deal with first aid emergencies. 4
·Write dwn and share emergency cntact lists.
This shuld include everyne in yur hme, ffice, etc. 5 In additin t nrmal cntact infrmatin, ask each persn t prvide an emergency cntact as well.
A．Stay away frm the shaking huse.
B．Practice “drp, cver and hld n”.
C．Then g ver yur plan n a regular basis.
D．Therefre, yu can turn t yur family fr help.
E．Yu need t knw hw t get in tuch with them.
F．There are several things yu can d t prepare fr an earthquake.
G．Fr example, yur lcal Red Crss has classes teaching yu the basic skills.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．B 4．G 5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在地震时应该如何应对。
1．F 根据下文“By ding s, yu may minimize the damage and injury in and arund yur hme. (通过这样做，你可以把家里和周围的损失和伤害降到最低。)”可知，此处是说应该做一些事来降低地震带来的损失。F项“There are several things yu can d t prepare fr an earthquake. (你可以做几件事来防备地震。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选F。
2．C 根据上文“Frm yur plan and knw what t d befre the earthquake happens (在地震发生之前，制定你的计划并知道该做什么)”可知，此处是和“计划”相关的内容。C项“Then g ver yur plan n a regular basis. (然后定期检查你的计划。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
3．B 根据下文“In a real earthquake, this is yur number ne defense. Drp t the flr, take cver under a firm desk r table and hld n firmly. (在真正的地震中，这是你的首要防御措施。趴到地板上，躲在坚固的书桌或桌子下面，紧紧抓住。)”可知，此处是说地震时的动作。B项“Practice “drp, cver and hld n”. (练习“放下、盖好、抓住”。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选B。
4．G 根据上文“There are resurces in yur cmmunity t educate peple n hw t deal with first aid emergencies. (在你的社区里有一些资源可以教人们如何处理急救紧急情况。)”可知，此处应介绍相关的资源。G项“Fr example, yur lcal Red Crss has classes teaching yu the basic skills. (例如，你当地的红十字会有教你基本技能的课程。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
5．E 根据下文“In additin t nrmal cntact infrmatin, ask each persn t prvide an emergency cntact as well. (除了正常的联系方式外，还要求每个人提供紧急联系方式。)”可知，此处是说要和其他人取得联系。E项“Yu need t knw hw t get in tuch with them. (你需要知道如何与他们取得联系。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选E。
三、语法填空
At abut 3:00 am n July 28, 1976, a destructive earthquake 1 (shake) Tangshan, causing great suffering. The earthquake 2 (feel) even in Beijing, which is a lng way away. In the 3 (frighten) 15 secnds, the whle city was gne, leaving peple hmeless and children 4 parents. Everywhere yu lked, buildings fell dwn. Water, fd and electricity were hard 5 (get). Sn after the quake, 6 (thusand) f sldiers were sent t dig ut thse 7 (trap) under ruins and bury 8 dead. Cnstructin wrkers built shelters fr the sufferers 9 hmes were in ruins. Luckily fr the 10 (survive), with fld f help frm all ver the cuntry, the city began t breathe again.
【答案】
1．shk 2．was felt 3．frightening 4．withut 5．t get 6．thusands 7．trapped 8．the 9．whse 10．survivrs
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是唐山大地震发生后的景象，几乎一切都被毁了，但在救援之后，这座城市又开始出现了生机。
1．shk 考查谓语动词。句意：1976年7月28日凌晨3时许，唐山发生了破坏性地震，造成了巨大的灾难。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语At abut 3:00 am n July 28, 1976可知，应使用一般过去时，shake与主语a destructive earthquake之间为主动关系，所以谓语动词应为shk。故填shk。
2．was felt考查谓语动词。句意：即使在很远的北京也有震感。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语At abut 3:00 am n July 28, 1976和语境可知，此处应为一般过去时，feel与主语The earthquake之间为被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was felt。
3．frightening考查形容词。句意：在可怕的15秒内，整个城市都消失了，人们无家可归，孩子们失去了父母。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词secnds，frighten的形容词frightening意为“可怕的”符合句意。故填frightening。
4．withut考查介词。句意：在可怕的15秒内，整个城市都消失了，人们无家可归，孩子们失去了父母。分析句子结构可知，此处为“leave+宾语+宾补”结构，结合语境和句意可知，此处表示“使孩子们没有了父母”，所以此处使用介词withut。故填withut。
5．t get考查动词不定式。句意：水、食物和电都很难得到。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句型“主语+be+形容词+t d”结构，在该句中，get的逻辑宾语为句子主语，所以此处使用动词不定式形式，且使用主动形式表被动意义。故填t get。
6．thusands考查名词复数。句意：地震发生后不久，数千名士兵被派去挖掘被困在废墟下的人，埋葬死者。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语thusands f意为“数以千计的”符合句意。故填thusands。
7．trapped考查过去分词。句意：地震发生后不久，数千名士兵被派去挖掘被困在废墟下的人，埋葬死者。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰thse，结合句意，trap与thse之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填trapped。
8．the考查冠词。句意：地震发生后不久，数千名士兵被派去挖掘被困在废墟下的人，埋葬死者。分析句子结构可知，此处应为“the+形容词”表示一类人，所以此处应为定冠词the。故填the。
9．whse考查定语从句。句意：建筑工人为家园被毁的灾民建造了避难所。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词sufferers与空后的名词hmes之间为所属关系，所以此处使用关系代词whse引导定语从句。故填whse。
10．survivrs考查名词。句意：对于幸运的幸存者来说，在来自全国各地的大量援助下，这座城市又开始呼吸了。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，survive的名词为survivr意为“幸存者”，结合句意可知，“幸存者”不只是一人，所以此处使用名词复数形式。故填survivrs。
（As f Tday）
Glbal Ttals
US ttals
ct.17,2024 Drills
Over 270,000
Over 260,000
All 2024 Drills
Over 1.10millin
Over 950,000
All 2023 Drills
Over 57.3millin
Over 19.3millin