高中Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land优质导学案及答案

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过去分词作表语和状语
t think abut the different meanings and functins f past participle frms as predicatives and adverbials.
t practice and further cnslidate the use f past participle frm as adverbial.
t use this grammar flexibly in the cntext.
一: 找出本单元中所有含有-ed形式的表语或状语的句子，并总结其共同规律。
总结规律：
二: 复习过去分词作表语和状语的基本知识。
一、过去分词作表语
1．过去分词作表语的用法
过去分词作表语时，总是在连系动词，如be、appear、seem、lk、remain、feel、get等之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态或感受，主语多为人。分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间构成动宾关系。
We gt a little sunburned/sunburnt , but the day had been s relaxing that we didn't mind.
我们晒伤了一点，但这一天过得很轻松，所以我们都不介意。
I was disappinted at the film I saw last night.我对昨晚看的电影感到失望。
When I entered his rm, he was buried in his bks.当我进入他的房间时，他正在埋头读书。
The city is surrunded n three sides by muntains.这座城市三面环山。
She lked disappinted at the bad news.听到这个坏消息她看上去很失望。
In April, thusands f hlidaymakers remained stuck abrad due t the vlcanic ash clud.
由于火山灰的原因，4月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。
2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。
This lake is badly plluted.这个湖受到了严重污染。(系表结构，表示状态)
This lake is badly plluted by a paper mill.这个湖被一家造纸厂严重污染了。(被动结构，表示动作)
This bk is well written.这本书写得很好。(系表结构，表示状态)
This bk was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。(被动结构，表示动作)
While waiting fr the pprtunity t get prmted，Henry did his best t perfrm his duty.
当等待机会被提升的时候，亨利尽力履行好他的职责。
We are all interested in what has been perfrmed.我们对表演的节目很感兴趣。
The cup was brken by Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。
3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：（根据汉语默写单词）
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
His wrds were discuraging, which made many peple discuraged.
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
The frightened lk n her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene.
她脸上惊恐的表情表明她被可怕的场景吓坏了。
The news was exciting and they were all excited at it.这消息令人兴奋，他们都很兴奋。
We all felt encuraged at the encuraging news.听到这令人鼓舞的消息，我们都感到鼓舞。
The audience were all mved t tears by the mving film.
观众都被那部感人的电影感动得流下了眼泪。
二、过去分词(短语)作状语
1．过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。
When ffered help, ne ften says “Thank yu” r “It's kind f yu”．(_____________状语)
当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank yu”或“It's kind f yu”。
Given anther chance, I will d it much better.( ________状语)
如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。
Greatly inspired by what he did, I jined him in helping thers.( ________状语)
由于受到他所做的事情的鼓励，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。
Visited many times, the place is still wrth visiting again.( ________状语)
虽然已参观了几次，这个地方仍值得再来。
He has been preparing his paper all day lng, lcked in his study.( ________状语)
锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。
The guest walked int the rm, greeted by his wner.( ________状语)
客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。
2．过去分词(短语)作状语时在句中的位置
过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可放在主句前作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开；当放在主句的后面时，前面用逗号与主句隔开。
Dne in a hurry, his hmewrk was full f mistakes.
因为做得匆忙，他的作业满是错。
He std there silently, mved t tears.＝__________________ tears, he std there silently.
他静静地站在那里，被感动地热泪盈眶。
____________________ again，the scientist didn't give up.
尽管再次被打败了，但这位科学家并没有放弃。
____________________ frm the air，the Great Wall lks like a giant dragn.
从空中看，长城像一条巨龙。
Children, when _________________________ by their parents, are allwed t enter the stadium.
当孩子们由父母陪同时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。
3．过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况
(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。
Seen frm the tp f the muntain (＝When ___________________________ frm the tp f the muntain), the whle twn lks mre beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。
Given ten mre minutes (＝If_________________________ ten mre minutes), we will finish the wrk perfectly.
如果多给十分钟，我们会完美地完成这项工作。
Greatly tuched by his wrds (＝Because she___________________________ by his wrds), she was full f tears.由于被他的话深深地感动，她满眼泪花。
Warned f the strm (＝Thugh________________________________the strm), the farmers were still wrking n the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来，但农民们仍在农场干活。
(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。
The teacher came int the rm, _______________________ tw students (＝and was fllwed by tw students)．
后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。
He spent the whle afternn,____________________________ his mm(＝and was accmpanied by his mm)．
他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
(3)过去分词(短语)作状语时，可和与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句连词改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。
Even if I am invited (＝____________________________), I will nt take part in the party.
即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。
Unless yu are asked t speak (________________________________speak), yu shuld remain silent at the meeting.除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。
If it is merely drawn n yur imaginatin (＝If _________________________ yur imaginatin), the reprt will nt be cnvincing.假如仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。
(4)过去分词(短语)的独立结构。过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，过去分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立结构，过去分词(短语)的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。
_____________________________ wh had brken the vase，the children all kept silent.
当问到是谁打破了花瓶时，孩子们都保持沉默。
______________________，we will make ur life better.团结起来，我们的生活就会更美好。
_________________________ by the prgress made by him, he wrks harder.
受他取得的进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
_________________________ by the hard wrk，we went n with it.
由于工作太累，我们继续干下去。
The prject finished (＝After the prject ___________________)，they had a tw weeks' leave.
完成那项工程后，他们休了两周假。
The wrk _____________________________ (＝Because the wrk was dne), they went ut t have a rest.工作已完成，他们出去休息了。
三：巩固练习
A:单句语法填空
1. The mral f the stry is: spare n effrt t acquire knwledge and never get ____________________ easily n matter hw difficult the situatin may be.
2．If yu are_____________ in it，let me knw and I'll send yu mre infrmatin.
3. We are/feel _____________ t have yu here in the middle f ur English Week Activities.
4．_____________ (absrb) in painting, Jhn didn't ntice evening appraching.
5．_____________ (advcate) by the public, the prject will be put int practice.
6．_____________ (catch) in a heavy traffic jam, the taxi driver began t chat with his passenger t kill time.
7．There were many peple waiting at the bus stp, and sme f them lked very anxius and _____________ (disappint).
8．_____________ (settle) in a peaceful way, everything returned t nrmal again.
9．Once _____________ (perfrm), the play was well received by the public.
10．_____________ (face) with such a difficult prblem, he decided t ask fr sme gd advice frm his clleagues.
B :写出下列句中黑体部分分别充当什么状语
Clearly and thughtfully written, the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers.__________________
Time, used crrectly, is mney in the bank. _____________
If asked t lk after luggage fr smene else, infrm the plice at nce. _____________
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking abut my jb. _____________
When (yu are) given a medical examinatin, yu shuld keep calm. _____________令人激动的
激动的;兴奋的
令人惊讶的
惊讶的
令人吃惊的
感到吃惊的
感到沮丧的
令人沮丧的
令人失望的
感到失望的
高兴的
令人高兴的
吓坏了的...
令人害怕的
令人鼓舞的
受到鼓舞的
满意的
令人高兴的
令人震惊的
感到震惊的
令人疲劳的
感到疲劳的
感到担心的
令人担心的
令人迷惑的
感到迷惑的
感到满意的
令人满意的
令人满意的
令人感兴趣的
感兴趣的
感人的
受感动的