新课标高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第一册UNIT5单元主题练习含答案

这是一份新课标高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第一册UNIT5单元主题练习含答案，共8页。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
eq \a\vs4\al(2024·山东淄博模拟)T deal with a changing wrld, we have t change as well. Transfrming land int farms remves frests and wrsens climate change. But we need t grw mre fd t supprt a grwing glbal ppulatin. What can we d?
Scientists have discvered that plants grw best under a certain type f light, which can be prvided by red and blue LEDs. The cmbinatin f these lights at the right level makes a space lk pink. Since “pinkhuses” supply their wn light, they dn't need t have fragile glass walls and ceilings. And they can be set up anywhere, including the places that dn't get the amunt f light greenhuses need.
Since pinkhuses can pack fd in huge clumns, ne f these farms desn't need a lt f land. Farmers can set up pinkhuses in cities. They cmpletely cntrl temperature and light, which can help sme plants grw twice as well in pinkhuses as they d in traditinal farming. Pinkhuses can allw fr many mre harvests per year since farming desn't have t stp in winter.
Even thugh pinkhuses are a great way t grw crps, lighting and heating an indr space can be very expensive. It desn't make sense t grw fds that take up a lt f space r that we need t grw lts f, like wheat, rice, and crn, in a pinkhuse. We will still need t grw thse crps in fields. We can start farming smarter.
Farmers will use satellite imagery t figure ut exactly where t plant each crp. Think f a mixture f just the right crps, rather than a rectangle(长方形) f ne type f plant. Sensrs in the fields will measure the sil's water level, temperature, and chemical cntent. They will even be able t detect insects and send ut ntificatins t a smartphne app. Irrigatin systems will be tied t weather frecasting prgrams, allwing fr very precise watering and care, all calculated t get the best plant grwth and yield.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何促进农业生产的两个措施：第一个是“粉房子”种植模式，第二个是农民采取更智能的种植模式。
1．Frm the text, we knw that the pinkhuse ________.
A．cvers lts f space
B．needs enugh sunlight
C．is made f glass r plastic
D．can make plants grw larger
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They cmpletely ... traditinal farming.”可知，“粉房子”可以完全控制温度和光线，这使得一些在“粉房子”里的植物生长得比传统农场里的植物好一倍，所以“粉房子”能使植物长得更大，故选D项。
2．What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 4?
A．Summarize the previus paragraphs.
B．Emphasize the advantage f pinkhuses.
C．Intrduce a new tpic f the discussin.
D．Add sme backgrund infrmatin.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，虽然“粉房子”是个种植农作物的好方法，但是光照和加热室内空间费用昂贵，农民依然需要在田野里种粮食，且要采取更智能的种植方式。因此接下来作者将要讨论如何采取更智能的种植方式。由此可知，第四段的目的是提出一个新的讨论话题，故选C项。
3．What is the result f the smart farming?
A．Farmers will have a better harvest.
B．Farmers can grw different plants.
C．Farmers needn't care abut the weather.
D．Plants can prtect themselves against insects.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，更智能的种植方式会带来精确的浇灌和照料，以便使植物达到最佳生长状态并获得丰收，故选A项。
4．What's the best title fr the text?
A．Building Pinkhuses
B．Feeding the Future
C．Changing the Wrld
D．Getting Outdr Farming Smart
解析：选B 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段第二、三句可知，将土地变成农田会使森林消失，导致气候变化恶化，但是人类需要种植更多的食物来供养日益增长的全球人口。因此，全文讲述了促进农业生产的两个措施：第一个为“粉房子”种植模式，第二个是农民采取更智能的种植模式。这两个措施的目的是保障未来粮食的供给，故选B项。
B
Erik Kbayashi­Slmn spent a day with Dr Paul Gauthier, a plant physilgist specializing in vertical farming research and came up with several imprtant ideas abut vertical farming.
Humans have 12,000 years f experience grwing fd, but nly a generatin's r s wrth f experience grwing crps indrs. We are still prgressing up the technlgy learning curve (学习曲线). What's mre, traditinal farming techniques are based n cnditins that are nt applicable t vertical farming. Therefre, withut taking time t understand the science, vertical farming is nt likely t be able t live up t its implied prmises.
The cst f pwering LED grw lights is ne f the biggest prblems a vertical farm must vercme. Dr Luis Albright at Crnell University has characterized vertical farms as “pie­in­the­sky” businesses. He famusly calculates, fr instance, that the cst f a laf f bread wuld be D|S24 if farmed indrs — the cst is t high. Gauthier acknwledges that energy prices are high but pints ut that scientific wrk has shwn that nly abut 6% f available sunlight is used in crp phtsynthesis (光合作用), s there may be ways f grwing the same plants with less light.
Gauthier als pints ut that while energy csts are a bit high, vertical farming des create high efficiencies in ther areas. Water usage may be significantly reduced because the same water can be recycled time and again. Fertilizer use can be greatly reduced and pesticides fr pest cntrl are unnecessary. It's clear that vertical farming ffers real value t sciety.
The future is prbably mixed. In sme envirnments — the Middle East, fr instance — a mve t vertical farming is a n­brainer. An indr farm in Saudi Arabia, fr instance, can use slar energy t pwer LEDs at lw cst withut shading ut ther farmland. In ther gegraphy, thugh, the expense f establishing a facility places a high bar t grwth and prfitability. A large vertical farming and equipment peratin nly started generating a small prfit eight years int its nine­year life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垂直农场的相关信息以及有关垂直农场应用价值的不同看法。
5．What can we infer abut vertical farming in Paragraph 2?
A．It will replace traditinal farming ne day.
B．It relies n research f mre basic science.
C．It can be applicable t different cnditins.
D．It actually came int being 12,000 years ag.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What's mre, traditinal farming ... its implied prmises.”可知，垂直农业依赖于更多基础科学的研究。故选B项。
6．What des Dr Albright think f vertical farms?
A．They use less light than traditinal nes.
B．They may seem very unlikely t succeed.
C．They can vercme many prblems in farming.
D．They d nt need any natural sunlight any lnger.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，为LED植物生长灯供电的成本是垂直农场必须克服的最大问题之一。康奈尔大学的路易斯·奥尔布赖特博士将垂直农场描述为“空中楼阁”的生意。由此可知，奥尔布赖特博士认为垂直农业似乎不太可能成功。故选B项。
7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The ways f reducing csts f vertical farming.
B．The secrets f develping vertical farming.
C．The recent trend f vertical farming.
D．The benefits f vertical farming.
解析：选D 段落大意题。根据第四段最后一句可知，这一段讲述了垂直农业的好处。故选D项。
8．Why is the example f “an indr farm in Saudi Arabia” mentined in the last paragraph?
A．T shw vertical farming can wrk well in sme places.
B．T prve slar energy is vital fr farming in Saudi Arabia.
C．T cnfirm the expense f setting up a vertical farm is high.
D．T argue vegetables d nt need t be imprted any lnger.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“An indr farm ... grwth and prfitability.”可知，文中提到这一实例是为了说明垂直农业系统在某些地方可以很好地运作。故选A项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
eq \a\vs4\al(2024·深圳二模)Including children in the farming lifestyle has many benefits.Sure, it is nice t have the additinal help with chres (家庭杂务), but it als fsters s much grwth, sending ur kids dwn a gd path twards wh they will smeday becme.It is pssible that ur children will grw up t lead lives that d nt include farming.__9__
Thrugh caring fr farm animals, kids learn that in life thers ften cme befre self.__10__ It desn't matter if we dn't feel like it r if we are sick and tired.What matters is that we take care f the animals that take care f us and d s in a timely manner.
__11__ If the wrk n a farm des nt get dne, the peratin fails.It takes discipline and cmmitment t get dwn t business every day, and seeing this in actin will give kids a gd wrk attitude.They will knw and understand that nthing gd cmes easy and that they have t wrk t survive.__12__ Functining as part f a prductive team will surely be playing a crucial rle sner r later in all walks f life.
Additinally, farming teaches patience.__13__ Cattle will be difficult t cntrl.Hrses will run away when yu try t catch them.Gats will kick ver that bucket f hard­earned milk.A rster will decide yu gt t clse t his hens and give yu a run fr yur mney.In spite f all that, kids will learn t be patient and take things easy.
There may nt be any instant reward, but in the lng­term kids will see the benefit f all their effrts during thse hard days.
A．At the same time, they learn t wrk with thers.
B．Farm life als teaches kids the value f hard wrk.
C．Children learn t be grateful fr animals fr eating purpse.
D．Teamwrk is n lnger an imprtant skill t develp and use.
E．There are ging t be a lt f days when things d nt g yur way.
F．Hwever, what they learn n a farm can als be instrumental in their future lives.
G．Animals need t be fed, watered, and cared fr befre we get t sit dwn and relax.
eq \x(语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了孩子们参与农场生活的益处。)
9．选F 根据本段第一句可知，让孩子们参与到农场生活中有很多好处；根据空格前一句可知，我们的孩子长大后可能不再需要干农活。下文介绍了农场生活给孩子带来的好处。F项承上启下，符合语境。
10．选G 根据空格前一句可知，通过照顾农场里的动物，孩子们了解到：在生活中，别人往往比自己重要。G项与上文紧密衔接，符合语境。
11．选B 根据空格后一句可知，如果农场的工作没有完成，活动就是失败的。B项能够引出下文，符合语境。
12．选A 根据空格后一句可知，作为一个高效运转的团队的一部分，迟早会在各行各业中发挥重要作用。A项与下文紧密衔接，符合语境。
13．选E 空格后列举了几个在农场劳作时可能会遇到的麻烦。E项能够引出下文，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Farming and Gardening
Arund 540 AD, Jia Sixie wrte a bk called Qimin Yashu. It includes advice n the fllwing __14__： grwing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping animals, and fish in lakes. There are als __15__ fr making wine. Jia Sixie's bk is a(n) __16__ guide fr farming. If yu sw seeds and __17__ yung plants in the fields at the crrect time f the year, yur wrk will be less and __18__ will be better. But if yu __19__ nature and d things at the wrng time f the year, yu will have t d mre wrk and the results will nt be s gd. The __20__ f the sil is als very imprtant. Examine the sil n yur farm __21__. Befre swing r planting crps, yu must clean rugh grund and __22__ weeds. Let sheep r cws walk n the land t __23__ the weeds r eat them. The best harvest is reached __24__ farmers change the crps in their fields. Fr example, d nt plant rice __25__ in the same field r yu wn't__26__ gd crps. Other scientists said wheat shuld be planted with __27__ between the plants, but Jia did experiments and __28__ planting wheat clse tgether is better.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了我国古代农业科学家贾思勰对我国古代农业的研究和贡献。他的耕种方法对我国古代农业起了重要的指导作用。
14．A.prgrams B．tpics
C．subjects D．events
解析：选C 从语境来看，本句的下文介绍了一些具体的课题，如种菜、养动物等，因此选subject(科目，课题)。
15．A.instructins B．cnstructins
C．measures D．treasures
解析：选A instructins在此处表示造酒的“指导，说明”。
16．A.ecnmical B．practical
C．similar D．regular
解析：选B practical guide意为“切实可行的指导”。
17．A.drp B．increase
C．grw D．thrw
解析：选C grw yung plants意为“种植幼苗”。
18．A.dreams B．ending
C．hpe D．results
解析：选D result与空格前面的“yur wrk will be less”相对应，表示“工作投入少，而结果更好”。
19．A.argue against B．g against
C．cmpete with D．deal with
解析：选B g against nature意为“违背自然(规律)”，符合语境。
20．A.applicatin B．situatin
C．cnditin D．additin
解析：选C the cnditin f the sil表示“土壤的状况”。
21．A.successfully B．carefully
C．gradually D．frequently
解析：选B 前句指出土壤状况很重要，本句说明要细心、仔细地检查土壤，因此选carefully。
22．A.remve B．pull
C．kill D．reduce
解析：选A 本句告诉读者，种庄稼之前需要平整土地和除草，remve weeds意为“清除杂草”。
23．A.destry B．prevent
C．divide D．limit
解析：选A 让牛羊在地里走是为了摧毁杂草或者吃掉杂草，故选destry。
24．A.unless B．if
C．until D．when
解析：选D 最好的收成是当农民在他们的田地里换农作物的时候。因此选when。
25．A.ne after anther B．here and there
C．nw and then D．year after year
解析：选D year after year意为“年复一年”，此处表示“不在同一块地里年复一年地种同一种庄稼”。
26．A.win B．cllect
C．harvest D．plant
解析：选C 此处表示“如果每年换种不同的庄稼就会有好收成”。harvest gd crps意为“收成好”。
27．A.hles B．lines
C．space D．balance
解析：选C 此处表示“种植小麦时，株与株之间要留有空间”，因此选space。
28．A.shwed B．meant
C．intended D．decided
解析：选A 前面有“Jia did experiments”，因此后面应是实验结果“证明，表明”，因此选shwed。
Ⅳ.语法填空
A new study shws that __1__ tw cuntries with the wrld's __2__ (large) ppulatins are leading the increase in greening n land. The effect cmes __3__ (main) frm ambitius tree planting prgrams in China and agriculture in bth cuntries.
China alne accunts __4__ 25% f the glbal increase in leaf area, but cntains nly 6.6% f glbal land area cvered in vegetatin (植物). The greening in China is frm frests (42%) and crplands (32%)．
China's utsized __5__ (cntribute) cmes in large part frm prgrams __6__ (prtect) and expand frests. These prgrams were develped in an effrt t reduce the effects f sil ersin (侵蚀), air pllutin and climate change.
Taken all tgether, the greening f the planet represents an increase in leaf area f plants and trees equal t the area __7__ is cvered by all f the Amazn rainfrest.
The land area __8__ (use) t grw crps is cmparable in China and India and it __9__ (change) very little since the early 2,000s. Yet the cuntries have greatly increased bth their annual ttal green leaf area __10__ their fd prductin.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上两个人口大国——中国和印度——在改善土地绿化方面处于领先地位，其主要原因在于中国宏伟的植树计划和两国的农业。
1．the 考查冠词。此处特指“世界上两个人口最多的国家”，tw cuntries后有介词短语with the wrld's ...修饰，其前要加定冠词，故填the。
2．largest 考查形容词的最高级。此处表示“世界范围内最多的”，故填最高级largest。
3．mainly 考查副词。此空修饰动词短语cmes frm，应用副词形式，故填mainly。
4．fr 考查介词。accunt fr意为“(在数量、比例上)占……”，故填fr。
5．cntributin 考查名词。设空处在句中作主语，且位于名词所有格China's和形容词utsized后，所以要用其名词形式cntributin，意为“贡献”。根据空后的cmes可知，此处应用单数形式，故填cntributin。
6．t prtect 考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，________ and expand frests作定语，prgram后常用不定式作后置定语。故填t prtect。
7．that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是area，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
8．used 考查非谓语动词，设空处为过去分词形式作后置定语，The land area与use之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词used。
9．has changed 考查动词的时态。由时间状语since the early 2,000s判断，此处应用现在完成时，故填has changed。
10．and 考查连词。bth ... and ...意为“……和……两者都”，故填and。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
两个月前，你注意到你居住的社区有人乱扔垃圾，为此你向相关部门反映，并利用空闲时间在社区内开展宣传活动，社区环境得到了极大的改善，请就此场景写一篇小短文。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。



参考范文：
Tw mnths ag, I nticed that there were sme peple littering in ur cmmunity. Therefre, I reprted it t the relevant departments and at the same time I spared my free time t carry ut varius activities t call fr the citizens t take care f ur living envirnment.T my great delight, the relevant departments paid attentin t the situatin and tk a series f measures and all the citizens were all very active in prtecting ur living envirnment. Gradually, the cmmunity envirnment has been greatly imprved.