新课标高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第二册UNIT1单元主题练习含答案

这是一份新课标高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第二册UNIT1单元主题练习含答案，共9页。试卷主要包含了写作词数应为80左右；等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
With utbreaks f infectius(感染性的) diseases making headlines arund the wrld, scientists are under pressure t understand the drivers that influence the transmissin f pathgens (病菌的传播) in rder t better predict and cntrl disease utbreaks.
In the wilds f Btswana, a pathgen called M. mungi has a different way f infecting the banded mngse (a small furry animal that kills snakes and rats). The pathgen spreads frm animal t animal thrugh scent(气味) marks. “Scent marks are depsited int the envirnment and cntain smell signals that cnvey infrmatin frm ne mngse t anther，” explained Kathleen Alexander, a wildlife bilgist, wh led the new study.
T cnduct their experiment, Alexander and Carle Anne Nichls mnitred the mvements and cmmunicatin f abut 500 banded mngses in prtected park landscapes, urban envirnments, and ther places with varying characteristics in Btswana. In this way, researchers were able t gain insight int the manner in which land type and animal behaviur interact t influence the spread f the pathgen. The result was a cmprehensive data set f mngse behaviural interactins acrss a range f landscape types.
In high­traffic, predatr­rich (食肉动物多的) envirnments, such as urban centres r natinal parks, the mngses stayed cnstantly alerted(警觉的), devting their energy t scanning the surrunding envirnment and preparing themselves fr escaping. This super awareness likely kept them safe frm danger, but it als greatly curtailed their cntact with thers, reducing the pssibility that M. mungi wuld spread. “If yu're running frm a predatr, yu're nt stpping t leave a message fr ther animals，” Nichls says. “Yu're running fr yur life.”
But the ppsite was true at turism cabins, where predatrs are scarce and fd, which is ften left by human hands, is easy t find. Here, the mngses spent a gd amunt f time marking scent, creating a lt f pprtunities fr the pathgen t spread.
Previus studies by Alexander have pulled back the mask n hw animal behaviur shapes the spread f disease. These new findings, hwever, add anther layer f difference t the spread f disease, stressing the rle f envirnments.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于缟獴(banded mngse)的研究，揭示了环境会影响传染病的传播。
1．What's the purpse f marking scent by banded mngses?
A．T track dwn snakes and rats.
B．T better adapt t the envirnment.
C．T share infrmatin with each ther.
D．T prtect themselves frm pathgens.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scent marks mngse t anther”可知，缟獴之间利用气味相互交流。
2．What did Alexander and Nichls d during the experiment?
A．Analyzed the spreading way f the pathgen.
B．Marked the characteristics f different land types.
C．Cllected previus data abut banded mngses' behaviur.
D．Observed banded mngses acrss a range f envirnments.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，Alexander和Nichls在不同环境下观察缟獴的行为。
3．What des the underlined wrd “curtailed” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Decreased. B．Explained.
C．Replaced. D．Repeated.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第四段画线单词后的“... yu're nt stpping t leave a message fr ther animals”可知，这种状况会“减少”缟獴之间的接触。
4．What's the finding f Alexander and Nichls's new research?
A．Predatrs can speed up the spread f diseases.
B．Envirnments can influence the spread f diseases.
C．Animals can sense ptential danger arund them.
D．The spread f diseases can shape animals' behaviur.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章内容及最后一段的内容可知，缟獴在捕食者少的地方感染病菌的概率会大很多，因此，Alexander和Nichls新的研究表明生存环境会影响疾病的传播。
B
New smart wheelchairs are designed t allw users mre freedm f mvement. Sme even allw them t raise r lwer the seats r t g up and dwn stairs. Nw, a Swiss cmpany, has designed their futuristic mtrized wheelchair Scew Br that is a cmplete slutin with multitasking innvatin. This smart wheelchair is s advanced and multifunctinal that it wn the Design Prize in 2018 and has been recgnized as a pineer in the medical technlgy industry.
With clearly defined lines and a reductin t the essentials, the design team develped a clear design language. That way, Scew Br is seen as a new generatin f wheelchairs at first glance. Scew Br users can cntrl the wheelchair either by a tuch interface (界面) r a smart phne. They can switch frm ne t the ther and can als chse frm three different mdes: the park mde, the drive mde, and the track mde. This allws fr any terrain (地形) and allws peple with mbility disabilities t be independent.
Built with safety in mind, the seat always balances itself s the user stays in a sitting psitin. This feature allws users t deal with different terrains withut the risk f tipping ver. Besides, the ft rests, the seat, and the arm rests are designed t be cmfrtable and adjustable.
The smart wheelchair can g up t 35 kilmeters n ne charge and can g 10 kilmeters per hur. If a break is needed, just put the chair int the relaxatin psitin. The smart wheelchair cmes with tw secure strage areas fr peple n the g t stre valuables. It can fit in the trunk f a car and can be charged in just five hurs.
Scew Br is available in Switzerland, Austria, and Germany. While the first batch (首批) has been sld ut, peple can pre­rder it at the end f the year. This futuristic wheelchair will allw increased mvement and a better quality f life fr peple with mbility issues.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了瑞士的一家公司研发的一款智能轮椅的设计理念、功能和市场情况。
5．What d we knw abut the wheelchair?
A．It targets medical wrkers.
B．It features mre functins.
C．It is designed fr husehld use.
D．It is the first mtrized wheelchair.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a cmplete slutin with multitasking innvatin ... advanced and multifunctinal”可知，该轮椅功能众多。
6．What is mainly discussed abut the wheelchair in Paragraph 3?
A．Its design philsphy.
B．Its wrking principle.
C．Its custmer experience.
D．Its fashinable elements.
解析：选A 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Built with safety in mind”及本段内容可以判断，本段主要讲述了设计轮椅时的想法，即设计理念。
7．Hw des the authr intrduce the wheelchair in Paragraph 4?
A．By giving exact figures.
B．By making cmparisns.
C．By ffering examples.
D．By listing reasns.
解析：选A 写作手法题。根据第四段中的“g up t 35 kilmeters”“g 10 kilmeters per hur”“in just five hurs”可以判断，作者通过罗列精确数据来介绍该轮椅。
8．What can be inferred frm the text?
A．The wheelchair needs further imprvement.
B．The cmpany Scew is a nn­prfit rganizatin.
C．The wheelchair users can mve arund independently.
D．The design team has been awarded many design prizes.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“New smart wheelchairs ... t allw users mre freedm f mvement”和第二段中的“This ... allws peple with mbility disabilities t be independent”可以推断，轮椅使用者可以自由独立地四处活动。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
eq \a\vs4\al(2024·长沙雅礼中学月考)The 21st century saw greater changes than any century befre: changes fr the better, changes fr the wrse; changes that brught a lt f benefits t human beings, changes that put man in danger. __9__
Scientific research in physics and bilgy has vastly bradened ur views. It has given us a deeper knwledge f the structure f matter and f the universe. __10__ Technlgy in the applicatin f science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part f life.
The cntinuatin f such activities will result in even greater advantages t human beings; in pure science — a wider and deeper knwledge in all fields f learning; in applied science — a mre reasnable sharing f material benefits; and better prtectin f the envirnment.
__11__ The creativity f science has been emplyed in ding damage t mankind. The applicatin f science and technlgy t the develpment and prductin f weapns f mass destructin has created a real danger t the cntinued existence f the human race n this planet. __12__ Althugh their actual use has s far ccurred nly in the Secnd Wrld War, the number f nuclear weapns that were prduced and made ready fr use was s large that if the weapns had actually been used, the result culd have been the ruin f the human race, as well as f many kinds f animals.
William Shakespeare said, “The web f ur life is f a mingled yarn (纱线), gd and ill tgether.”__13__ But des it have t be s? Must the ill always g tgether with the gd? Are we bilgically prgrammed fr war?
A．We have seen this happen in the case f nuclear weapns.
B．Sadly, hwever, there is anther side t the picture.
C．Frtunately, science has brught us with the greatest.
D．It ffers us less access t nature as well as scial life.
E．The abve brief review f the applicatin f nly ne part f human activities — science seems t prve what Shakespeare said.
F．Many things caused the changes, but, in my pinin, the mst imprtant was the prgress in science.
G．It has brught us a better understanding f the nature f life and f its cntinuus develpment.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在21 世纪，科学有了很大的进步。科学研究极大地开阔了我们的视野，给人类带来了更大的好处，但另一方面科学的创造力也被用来损害人类。
9．选F 第一段首句提到关于21世纪的种种变化；选项F意为：许多事情导致了变化，但在我看来，最重要的是科学的进步。选项F顺承上文的话题，其中the changes与上文中多次出现的changes是词汇复现。故选F。
10．选G 选项G意为：它使我们对生命本质及其不断发展有了更好的理解。选项G中的“It has brught us a better understanding f ...”与上一句中的“It has given us a deeper knwledge f ...”是并列句式，其中It都是指代该段首句中的“Scientific research in physics and bilgy”。故选G。
11．选B 第二段首句提到“科学研究使我们扩大视野”，第三段首句提到“科学研究活动将给人类带来更大的好处”；第四段空后一句提到“科学的创新被用来损害人类”，该段话题与文章上两段的话题出现转折；选项B意为：然而，不幸的是，事情还有另一面。选项B中的hwever表示转折，承上启下。 故选B。
12．选A 第四段话题是科学创新被利用来损害人类。选项A意为：我们已经在核武器的问题上看到了这种情况。空前一句提到“发展和生产大规模毁灭性武器对人类的继续生存造成了危险”，选项A是顺承上一句的话题，以核武器为例进一步说明上一句的内容。故选A。
13．选E 选项E意为：以上对人类活动——科学应用的仅仅一部分的简要回顾似乎证明了莎士比亚所说的。选项E中“what Shakespeare said”即是上一句中“William Shakespeare said”的复现。故选E。
Ⅲ.完形填空
The rise f mdern science may perhaps be cnsidered t date as far back as the time f Rger Bacn, the wnderful philspher f Oxfrd, wh lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was prbably the first in the Middle Ages t __14__ that we shuld learn science __15__ bserving and experimenting n the things arund us, and he himself __16__ many imprtant truths.
Galile (1564－1642), __17__， wh lived mre than 300 years later, was the greatest f several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, wh began t shw hw many imprtant __18__ culd be discvered by bservatin by degrees. Befre Galile, learned men believed that large bdies __19__ mre rapidly twards the earth than small nes, __20__ Aristtle said s. But Galile, ging t the __21__ f the Leaning Twer f Pisa, let fall tw __22__ stnes and prved Aristtle was wrng. It is Galile's __23__ f ging direct t nature, and prving ur __24__ and theries by experiment, that has __25__ all the discveries f mdern science.
What __26__ thse peple gd scientists? Frm the example f Galile, we knw clearly that __27__ scientists are thse whse bservatins have __28__ better results.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
14．A.cmmand B．suspect
C．suggest D．cnclude
解析：选C 根据空后的内容可知，这里应是Rger Bacn提出的建议。故C选项正确。
15．A.in B．with C．n D．by
解析：选D 根据空后面的“bserving and experimenting n the things arund us”可知，此处表示通过观察我们周围的事物并做实验。故D选项正确。
16．A.brught B．discvered
C．handled D．annunced
解析：选B 结合上文和空后的“many imprtant truths”可知，他本人发现了很多重要的真理。故B选项正确。
17．A.hwever B．therefre
C．seldm D．never
解析：选A 上文说Rger Bacn也许是中世纪第一个建议通过观察和实验的方式来学习科学，此处表示转折，然而，伽利略是几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个。故A选项正确。
18．A.truths B．prblems
C．investigatins D．subjects
解析：选A 由空后的“culd be discvered by bservatin”可知，很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。上文中的“many imprtant truths”也是提示。故A选项正确。
19．A.threw B．fell
C．ran D．rlled
解析：选B 根据下文中的“let fall”可知，空处应选fell。故B选项正确。
20．A.althugh B．because
C．when D．if
解析：选B 根据“Aristtle said s”可知，这里表示因为亚里士多德是这样说的。故B选项正确。
21．A.place B．ft
C．tp D．ceiling
解析：选C 结合空后的“f the Leaning Twer f Pisa, let fall tw ________ stnes”可知，伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。故C选项正确。
22．A.big B．small
C．similar D．unequal
解析：选D 根据上文和空后面的“stnes and prved Aristtle was wrng”可知，此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头。故D选项正确。
23．A.spirit B．skill
C．thery D．wish
解析：选A 由空后面的“f ging direct t nature”可知，此处表示科学精神(spirit)。故A选项正确。
24．A.plans B．pinins
C．wrld D．ability
解析：选B 与空后面“and theries by experiment”中的theries呼应，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。故B选项正确。
25．A.led t B．turned t
C．set up D．put frward
解析：选A 这里是说正是伽利略的这种精神使得现代科学能有所发现。故A选项正确。
26．A.makes B．prevents
C．cnsiders D．prmises
解析：选A 结合下文中的“scientists are thse ...”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。故A选项正确。
27．A.reasnable B．successful
C．expert D．sensitive
解析：选B 结合上文中所举的例子我们可以清楚地知道，成功的(successful)科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人。故B选项正确。
28．A.freseen B．rejected
C．prduced D．challenged
解析：选C 根据语境，此处指那些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。故C选项正确。
Ⅳ.语法填空
eq \a\vs4\al(2024·昆明市高三诊断考试)The idea f inviting the public t take part in scientific studies is knwn as “citizen science”. Anyne __1__ helps scientists d the jb is called a “citizen scientist”. What can yu get if yu becme a citizen scientist?
A sense f purpse! Citizen science prjects can help yu make gd use f __2__ (yu) time.
Fun times! Yu never knw what might__3__ (find)．
Mre educatin! Learn abut sme __4__ (attract) things while ding scientific jbs.
When yu're having fun in the park and seeing a bird, why nt take a picture f it? With a simple click, yu culd be helping scientists! Shanghai Natural Histry Museum has __5__ app. Peple can uplad sunds, __6__ (pht) and lcatins f animals if they see them arund their city. Scientists can use these data __7__ (study) city animals and better prtect them.
In fact, peple just like yu can help ut with many scientific studies. Fr example, scientists always spend many years __8__ (discver) every kind f ladybug (瓢虫) in the wrld. But if we share ur wn pictures f ladybugs with scientists, they can find them much __9__ (fast). As ne ld saying ges, “Many hands make light wrk.”
Of curse, there is mre t study than just animals. There are many ther fun prjects, such __10__ watching stars and cluds, cunting penguins and even listening t laughs. Yu'll find that science is fun and is fr everyne!
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是公众科学以及公众科学不仅给市民带来益处，也能为科学家提供帮助。
1．wh/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Anyne，所以填wh/that。
2．yur 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰名词time，所以填形容词性物主代词yur。
3．be fund 考查语态。find和从句主语what是被动关系，所以填be fund。
4．attractive 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词things，所以填attractive。
5．an 考查冠词。app是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且 app的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。
6．phts 考查名词复数。pht是可数名词，且空前无限定词，故用复数形式，所以填phts。
7．t study 考查非谓语动词。此处不定式作目的状语。
8．discvering 考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) ding sth. 是固定搭配，所以填discvering。
9．faster 考查副词的比较级。much, far, even, still等副词常修饰形容词或副词的比较级，所以填faster。
10．as 考查介词。such as “例如”，是固定搭配。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你想邀请你的英国朋友Peter下周六参观你校举办的“科技小发明(technlgical gadgets)”展览。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．具体时间和地点；
2．展览目的和内容。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
I'm glad t invite yu t an exhibitin f technlgical gadgets t be held in ur schl next Saturday.
The exhibitin is scheduled t take place in the ftball field frm 8：00 am t 11：00 am, lasting 3 hurs. It's aimed at encuraging students' creative thinking as well as sharing their wrks with thers. In this exhibitin, yu can enjy varius gadgets which are f great use in ur daily life. Additinally, sme excellent student inventrs will intrduce the functins f their technlgical gadgets and perfrm them n the spt. It wuld be nice if yu culd jin in the cming exhibitin.
Lking frward t yur reply and expecting yur cming.
Yurs，
Li Hua