新课标高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第四册UNIT1单元主题练习含答案

这是一份新课标高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第四册UNIT1单元主题练习含答案，共9页。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
eq \a\vs4\al(2024·茂名模拟)Catching nearly 4,000 wild butterflies with handheld nets and taking the temperature f each tiny insect must rank amng the harder f scientific effrts.
Hwever, researchers have discvered significant differences in the ability f British butterflies t maintain a suitable temperature, raising fears that glbal heating will threaten the ppulatins f sme species.
Butterflies are ecttherms­unable t generate their wn bdy heat and require warm temperatures t fly.Hwever, extreme temperatures can pse prblems, particularly fr thse butterflies that must find shady habitats t regulate(调节) their bdy temperature.
The study shws that larger, paler butterflies are best able t prtect themselves frm extreme temperatures, changing the angles f their reflective wings in relatin t the sun t direct heat away frm r n t their bdies.The surrunding temperature f the butterfly's perch (栖息处), r air temperature, was als taken, which indicated the degree t which butterflies were seeking specific lcatins t regulate their bdy temperature.Darker, large species have greater difficulty cntrlling their bdy temperature, but even they are better than “thermal specialists”， which rely n finding a spt at a specific temperature in a landscape—a “micrclimate”—t cntrl their bdy temperature.
“After being caught in butterfly nets n British nature reserves, the 29 different species f butterflies' temperatures were taken with a fine prbe.As we plan cnservatin measures t address the effects f climate change, it will be imprtant t understand nt nly the habitat requirements f different butterfly species, but als their temperature requirements，” said Dr Ed Turner, f the University Museum f Zlgy, Cambridge, wh led the wrk.“With this new understanding f butterflies, we shuld be able t better manage habitats and landscapes t prtect them, and in ding s we're prbably als prtecting ther insects t.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家在测量蝴蝶体温时发现它们调节体温的能力差异很大，由此担心全球变暖会影响某些物种的数量。这些科学家还深入研究了蝴蝶调节体温的方法，以便保护蝴蝶和其他昆虫。
1．Why did scientists take the temperatures f butterflies?
A．T seek slutins t glbal heating.
B．T uncver climate threats t them.
C．T classify them int different species.
D．T stress the tughness f scientific research.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“然而，研究人员发现，英国蝴蝶在维持合适温度的能力上存在显著差异，这引发了人们对全球变暖将威胁某些物种数量的担忧”可知，这项实验揭露了气候变化对蝴蝶的威胁。
2．Hw d larger, paler butterflies regulate their temperature?
A．By angling their wings.
B．By generating the bdy heat.
C．By chsing a micrclimate.
D．By making use f their clur.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，体型更大、颜色更浅的蝴蝶是通过改变翅膀的角度来调节体温的。
3．On what basis d butterflies seek specific lcatins?
A．Finding a nature reserve.
B．Attracting ther butterflies.
C．Adapting t climate change.
D．Perceiving the surrundings.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，科学家对蝴蝶栖息地周围环境的温度进行测量，得到了蝴蝶寻找特定位置来调节体温的程度的结论，从侧面表明蝴蝶寻找栖息地的时候对环境是有要求的。
4．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Understanding f/abut butterflies shuld be strengthened.
B．Better management f butterfly habitats is ppular.
C．Prtecting butterflies can lead t additinal benefits.
D．Gals f prtecting butterflies have been achieved.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，保护蝴蝶的同时还可以保护其他昆虫，即保护蝴蝶还有额外的好处。
B
eq \a\vs4\al(2024·秦皇岛模拟)The lander carrying China's first Mars rver successfully tuched dwn n the red planet early Saturday mrning Beijing Time.It is the first time that China has landed a prbe n a planet ther than Earth.
Tianwen­1, cnsisting f an rbiter, a lander and a rver, was launched frm the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site n the cast f suthern China's island prvince f Hainan n July 23, 2020.This is the first step in China's planetary explratin f the slar system, with the purpse f cmpleting rbiting, landing and rving n the red planet in ne missin.
The name Tianwen, meaning “questins t Heaven”， cmes frm a pem written by the ancient Chinese pet Qu Yuan (abut 340­278 BC)．China's first Mars rver is named Zhurng after the gd f fire in ancient Chinese mythlgy, which eches with the Chinese name f the red planet: Huxing (the planet f fire)．
Tianwen­1 was launched via a Lng March­5 rcket, China's largest launch vehicle.Tianwen­1 has been travelling in space fr nearly 10 mnths.It has carried ut fur rbital crrectins and a deep­space maneuver.It had flwn 475 millin km and was 192 millin km frm Earth when it reached Mars rbit.
The craft's plummet thrugh the Martian atmsphere, lasting abut nine minutes, was extremely cmplicated with n grund cntrl, and had t be perfrmed by the spacecraft autnmusly.
“Such a challenging attempt is characterized by a successin f cmplex activities that must be cnducted cmpletely by the spacecraft within a very shrt perid f time，” said Geng Yan, an fficial with the Lunar Explratin and Space Prgram Center f the CNSA.“What added t the difficulties was that we dn't knw much abut the Martian atmsphere, which brught a lt f uncertainties t the missin.Each step had nly ne chance, and the actins were clsely linked.If there had been any flaw, the landing wuld have failed.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了搭载中国首个火星探测器的着陆器“天问一号”成功着陆在红色星球上，这是中国第一次在地球以外的行星上着陆探测器。文章介绍了“天问一号”的任务、名字由来以及任务的艰巨性。
5．What is the missin f Tianwen­1?
A．T recrd the wind speed n Mars.
B．T explre the atmsphere f Mars.
C．T search fr aliens in the slar system.
D．T accmplish three majr tasks n Mars.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，“天问一号”的任务是在火星上完成三项主要任务。
6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The intrductin f the pet Qu Yuan.
B．The reasns fr the craft landing n Mars.
C．The rigin f tw names Tianwen and Zhurng.
D．The imprtance f ancient Chinese mythlgy.
解析：选C 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要讲了“天问” “祝融”两个名字的由来。
7．What d the numbers in Paragraph 4 mainly indicate?
A．The huge task f Tianwen­1.
B．The surrundings f the Mars rbit.
C．The expense f travelling in space.
D．The size f the Lng March­5 rcket.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，第四段的数字主要为了表明“天问一号”的艰巨任务。
8．What can we knw frm Geng Yan's wrds?
A．China's attempt t explre Mars is successful.
B．Landing n Mars is a very challenging mve.
C．Peple are enthusiastic abut explring the universe.
D．Tianwen­1 is essential t China's space statin prgram.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段首句和最后一句可推知，耿岩的话表明登陆火星是一个非常具有挑战性的举动。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Writing a great science fictin nvel is a lng, hard prcess.As with any nvel, yu'll want t cnstruct a satisfying plt, develp interesting characters, and write plished, vivid prse.__9__
Remember that science fictin is abut ideas.Different frm ther genres (类型), a gd science fictin stry depends n a great imaginatin.__10__ In sci­fi, thse questins can be implicit r explicit.Fr example, many early wrks f sci­fi make their questin bvius.In War f the Wrlds, the questin is: What wuld happen t human sciety if it were invaded by technlgically advanced aliens?
__11__ It's ne thing t have a great idea r situatin, but that desn't mean yu have a stry.While science fictin nvels are ften thught experiments, they als can't just be thught experiments.That means yu're ging t have t cme up with an appealing stry that brings these questins t life.Ask yurself: What is the change that will ccur ver the curse f yur stry, either in the wrld r in the life f the main character?
Create an interesting wrld.__12__The intricately (错综复杂地) imagined details that make up yur wrld shuld flw in sme way frm the idea at the heart f yur stry.In that way, the wrld yu create in yur sci­fi nvel als reveals smething abut yur pint f view n the real wrld.Even the mst fantastically imagined stry is still a reflectin f real­wrld questins and prblems.
Make sure the rules f yur wrld are cnsistent.One f the qualities that set sci­fi nvels apart frm fantasy and surrealism (超现实主义) is that n matter hw strange r fantastic the wrld is, it still beys an internally cnsistent lgic.__13__But it must be understandable and in rder fr it t feel believable t the reader.
A．Fcus n character develpment.
B．Make sure yu're telling a gd stry.
C．That said, writing science fictin requires many unique cnsideratins.
D．That lgic will necessarily be different frm the lgic that gverns reality.
E．Befre yu start writing, have sme sense f the questin yur nvel is asking.
F．A sci­fi nvel set in a technlgically backward wrld wuld vilate the rules f the reality.
G．Wrld building is ne f the mst imprtant parts f creating a cmpelling sci­fi stry.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了在科幻小说的创作中需要考虑的几个独特的因素。
9．选C 上文“cnstruct a satisfying plt, develp interesting characters, and write plished, vivid prse”说明写科幻小说和其他任何小说一样，你都想要构建一个令人满意的情节、展开有趣的人物、写出优美、生动的散文。C项中“That said”表示进一步解释，“requires many unique cnsideratins(需要很多独特的考虑因素)”是对上一句的补充说明。
10．选E 下文“In sci­fi, thse questins can be implicit r explicit.”说明在科幻小说中，这些问题可以是含蓄的，也可以是明确的。其中“thse questins”与E项中“have sme sense f the questin”相呼应；下文举例说明写科幻小说中所提出的问题。
11．选B 该空位于段首，应该是该段的主题句。下文“It's ne thing t have a great idea r situatin, but that desn't mean yu have a stry.”说明有了好的想法和设定并不意味着有好的故事；B项中“telling a gd stry”与下一句“have a stry”语义相符；下文的“cme up with an appealing stry”也与B项中的“gd stry”相呼应。该段说明科幻小说要有吸引人的故事情节。
12．选G G项中“Wrld building”与该段首句语义相符；下文“the wrld yu create the real wrld”说明科幻小说中创造出来的世界反映了现实世界的问题。G项与之相对应。
13．选D 上文中的“n matter hw strange r fantastic the wrld is, it still beys an internally cnsistent lgic”说明无论这个世界多么奇怪或荒诞，它仍然遵循内在一致的逻辑；D项中“That lgic”承接上文中的“an internally cnsistent lgic”。
Ⅲ.完形填空
One f the mst remarkable things abut the human mind is ur ability t imagine the future.In ur __14__ we can see what has nt yet happened.Fr example, while we are lking frward t __15__ a new place r cuntry, we __16__ what it will be like.We predict the way peple will eat, dress and act.Of curse, we d nt always predict things __17__.Things are ften very different frm the way we __18__ them t be.
One f the __19__ dreams in histry is the dream f the German scientist, Kekule, wh had been __20__ t wrk ut a very difficult prblem in physics.He had __21__ and analyzed the prblem frm every angle fr days, but there seemed t be n way f __22__ ut the answer.Then ne night he went t bed and dreamed.When he __23__ up, he realized that he knew the answer.He had slved the prblem in his __24__.
It is said that in rder t figure ut the prcess, the hypntist (催眠师) sat in the chair ppsite him and spke __25__：“I want yu t cncentrate n my vice.And as yu pay attentin t my vice, yur __26__ will get heavier.Sn yu'll be asleep.Yu will hear my vice and __27__ my wrds, but yur bdy will be asleep, and when yu wake up yu will remember nthing.Nw I am ging t __28__ slwly frm ne t five.One, tw, three, fur, five ...”
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过德国科学家 Kekule 做梦解题的故事，说明了人类思维的神奇能力。
14．A.brains B．senses
C．minds D．sights
解析：选C 根据空前一句可知，人类思维最显著的特点之一就是有想象未来的能力；据此可知，空处指“思维”，故C项正确。
15．A.visiting B．seeking
C．reaching D．discvering
解析：选A 根据该句中的“a new place r cuntry”可推知，当我们期望去参观(visiting)某个新地方或新国家时，我们总是想象(imagine)那里会是什么样子。
16．A.imagine B．knw
C．feel D．guess
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
17．A.quickly B．simply
C．crrectly D．neatly
解析：选C 根据空后一句可知，事情总是不同于我们预料(expected)的那样；据此可以判断，我们不是总能正确地(crrectly)预测事情。
18．A.required B．wished
C．left D．expected
解析：选D 参见上题解析。expect “预料，预期”。
19．A.funny B．dull
C．famus D．silly
解析：选C 该处陈述的是历史上著名的德国科学家 Kekule 的梦。故C项符合语境。
20．A.managing B．trying
C．thinking D．hping
解析：选B 根据该句语境可知，Kekule 一直在努力解一道物理难题；try t d sth.意为“努力做某事”，符合语境，故B项正确。
21．A.studied B．learned
C．discussed D．searched
解析：选A 根据该句语境可知，他从多个角度研究(studied)和分析了这个难题。
22．A.bringing B．finding
C．turning D．letting
解析：选B 此处指似乎没有办法弄清答案。
23．A.gave B．sat
C．wke D．gt
解析：选C 根据空前一句“Then ne night he went t bed and dreamed”可知，空处所在句表示他醒来时意识到自己知道了答案。wake up为固定短语，意为“醒来”，故C项正确。
24．A.dream B．lessn
C．research D．exercise
解析：选A 根据上文中的“he went t bed and dreamed knew the answer”可知，他在梦(dream)中解决了这个难题。
25．A.sftly B．ludly
C．slwly D．firmly
解析：选A 根据语境并结合常识可知，此处是对Kekule进行催眠，故催眠师应是柔和地(sftly)说着话。
26．A.eyes B．feet
C．head D．bdy
解析：选A 根据常识可知，被催眠师催眠时，眼皮会变得沉重。故选A项。
27．A.believe B．repeat
C．take D．understand
解析：选D 此处指听到声音并理解听到的话。understand“理解，明白”符合语境。
28．A.cunt B．say C．add D．speak
解析：选A 此处表示数数；A项意为“(按顺序)数数”，符合语境。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The questin f __1__ invented the cmputer cannt be answered with a single name.Thrughut histry, many different peple have helped in the develpment f this __2__(value) machine.And many date the first imprtant __3__(invent) t the furth century BC when the abacus was develped.
It culd be said that the first cmputer __4__ culd stre prgrams was the 1949 Electrnic Delay Strage Autmatic Calculatr.It __5__(create) by Maurice Wilkes.Frm this pint frward, many develpers helped t make varius types f cmputer.
In the early 1970s, many skilled inventrs __6__(include) Bill Gates, Steve Jbs，and Steve Wzniak did much t develp persnal cmputers in the frm f PCs and Apples.By the 1990s, wnership f PCs became cmmn as prductin grew __7__(expensive) than befre.Als, with the develpment f technlgy, the size f these machines became smaller s that they culd __8__(easy) be used in hmes.
There is n dubt __9__ there are s many thinkers and inventrs wh helped t develp the cmputer.There are even legal battles ver wh shuld be cnsidered as the primary inventrs.As __10__ matter f fact，it is their jint effrts that led t the develpment f this mst useful machine.
eq \x(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为电脑的发明做出贡献的人。)
1．wh 考查宾语从句。分析可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，又由句意“谁发明了计算机”可知，用wh来引导。
2．valuable 考查形容词。分析可知，空处作定语，修饰名词machine，故用形容词valuable。
3．inventin 考查名词。分析可知，空处作宾语且前面有“the first imprtant”修饰，所以要用名词。
4．that 考查定语从句。分析可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词cmputer，且cmputer被序数词first修饰，同时设空处在从句中作主语，所以用that引导。
5．was created 考查动词的时态和语态。It(指代Electrnic Delay Strage Autmatic Calculatr)与create之间是被动关系，且create表示的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
6．including 考查介词。分析可知，Bill Gates, Steve Jbs, and Steve Wzniak与inventrs之间是所属关系，所以用介词including(包括……在内)。
7．less expensive 考查形容词的比较级。由后面的than可知，空处应用比较级，且由句意“随着生产费用降低，拥有计算机也变得普遍了”可知，在此要用降级比较。
8．easily 考查副词。修饰动词used应用副词。
9．that 考查固定句型。There is n dubt that ...为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”。
10．a 考查固定搭配。as a matter f fact为固定搭配，意为“事实上”。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
科技的发展让人们对未来的生活充满期待。请你以“Life in the Future”为主题写一篇演讲稿，从环境、交通、人的寿命等方面想象一下未来的生活。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。



参考范文：
Dear friends，
As science and technlgy develp, I think life in the future will be greatly different frm what it is tday.
First f all, ur envirnment will be mre pleasant, because electricity will be prduced frm clean energy instead f cal.Secndly, ur cars, which may run nt nly n the rad but als in the water, will be cntrlled by rbts.In this way, traffic accidents will be greatly avided.Additinally, sme new medicine will be develped s that peple can live lnger.As a result, living t be 120 may be very cmmn.
In cnclusin, I think life in the future will be much better than it is nw.