新课标高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第四册UNIT3单元主题练习含答案

这是一份新课标高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第四册UNIT3单元主题练习含答案，共9页。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Cral reefs (珊瑚礁) are an integral part f sea life and sustain it by prviding shelter and habitat t varius rganisms.They als supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a grwing fish ppulatin, alng with ther species, fr a healthy and diverse ecsystem.Hwever, the rise in average water temperatures due t climate change has resulted in mre frequent and lng­time “cral bleaching (珊瑚白化)” events that damage their health, causing fish and ther sea species t abandn them.
In rder t restre this delicate ecsystem, scientists frm the UK and Australia cnducted a study that invlved using ludspeakers underwater near damaged cral reefs t make them sund healthy and attract fish, ptentially kick­starting the natural recvery prcess f cral reefs and their dependent life frms.The lcatin fr this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the Cral Sea, fund alngside the east cast f Queensland, Australia.The site is nted t have the largest cral reef system in the wrld.
“Healthy cral reefs are remarkably nisy places — the crackle f snapping shrimp and the whps and grunts f fish.Yung fish cncentrate n these sunds when they're lking fr a place t settle，” said Steve Simpsn, study c­authr and a prfessr at the University f Exeter, UK.
By using ludspeakers t cpy such sunds, parts f dead cral reefs were fund t attract twice as many fish, cmpared t places where n sunds were played.“These returning fish are crucial fr cral reefs t functin as healthy ecsystems.Bsting fish ppulatin in this way culd help t kick­start natural recvery prcesses, preventing the damage we're seeing n many cral reefs arund the wrld，” said lead authr, Tim Grdn.
语篇解读：由于海水温度的升高，深海珊瑚的生态遭到破坏。科学家通过实验研究发现，在珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器以吸引海洋生物对于恢复珊瑚的生态卓有成效。
1．What causes the phenmenn f cral bleaching?
A．Diverse species.
B．Nise pllutin.
C．Fishing industry.
D．Climbing temperatures.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，是气候变化所引起的海水温度的上升导致了这种白化现象。
2．What apprach is intrduced t recver the cral reefs?
A．Remving damaged cral reefs.
B．Using ludspeakers t keep fish away.
C．Building new hmes fr sea species.
D．Playing certain sunds t attract fish.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，为恢复珊瑚生态，科学家在遭破坏的珊瑚附近放置扬声器，以吸引鱼类。即通过播放声音来吸引鱼类。
3．Why are Steve Simpsn's wrds quted?
A．T prvide sme findings f the study.
B．T shw the prgress f the experiment.
C．T explain reasns fr the new apprach.
D．T give anther slutin t the prblem.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据前两段内容可知，鱼儿会离开不健康的、遭到破坏的珊瑚。为了吸引鱼类，科学家们在这些珊瑚附近放置扬声器。再结合第三段第一句可知，健康的珊瑚礁是非常热闹的地方，各种海洋生物很多。由此可推知，此处引用这位教授的话是为了解释在受损珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器这一新方法的原因。
4．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The attempts are in vain.
B．Natural recvery is impssible.
C．Initial success has been achieved.
D．The cral reefs have returned t nrmal.
解析： 选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，通过用扬声器复制一些声音，部分死亡的珊瑚礁吸引了更多的鱼类，由此可推知，珊瑚生态保护已经初见成效。
B
It seems we can't get ff the planet fast enugh.Tw thirds f NASA's mney is spent n manned space explratin, and that number will grw with the cuntry's decisin t send a man t Mars in 2037.We've seen all there is t see n Earth, right? Wrng.The final place is here, under the surface f the sea.
Heading dwn int the cean, human limits are quickly reached.At 200 metres, the water is as black as a mnless night.Mst nuclear submarines (核潜艇) wuld implde (内爆) befre they reach 1 km dwn.At 3 km—still less than the average depth f the cean—there's a gd chance that yu'll discver a new species.The deepest­diving whales g n further.At the very bttm, abut 11 km dwn, lies the Challenger Deep, the deepest part f the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.Eighteen humans have walked n the Mn, but nly three have seen the Deep with their wn eyes.
Yet things live dwn there.Big things.A very lud sund was nce heard and scientists suggested that it was prduced by an animal bigger than a blue whale, the largest creature knwn n the planet.
In the late 1990s, a deep­water submarine was drpped in the Suthern Ocean, and passing 4,000 metres, it discvered smething huge passing under it.Surprised? Dn't be.The cean cvers 70% f the planet's surface and we've studied less than 5% f it.We knw mre abut the dark side f the Mn than abut the bttm f the sea.
One reasn that we explre space is t find evidence f ther life frms.The search fr life utside f Earth is imprtant, but rbts can lk under the dry rcks f Mars better than humans.They're abslutely imprtant fr ding cean research t, but they can't lk under the sea.The cst f explratin is rising, but the results wuld benefit all ur lives.Understanding the ceans will help us find new surces f fd, drugs and energy.
Perhaps nw it's time t begin a new perid f sea explratin.Manned explratin f space is science fictin (科幻小说)．The adventure f the deep sea is science fact.
eq \x(语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中讨论了进行海洋探索的重大意义。)
5．What d the examples in Paragraph 2 suggest?
A．Sea explratin is n easy task.
B．Nuclear submarines need t be imprved.
C．The cean is far deeper than peple expected.
D．The cnditin under the sea is similar t that n the Mn.
解析：选A 推理判断题。第二段列举各个深度海洋的情况是为了说明海洋探索不是一件容易的事。
6．What d we knw abut the Challenger Deep?
A．Blue whales live there.
B．N ne has ever been there.
C．Peple are terrified by the sight f it.
D．It is the deepest knwn lcatin n Earth.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the Challenger Deep, the deepest part f the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean”可知，挑战号深渊是地球上目前已知的最深的海底。
7．What des the authr think f the discvery in the Suthern Ocean?
A．It's surprising. B．It's n wnder.
C．It's wrrying. D．It's n success.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Surprised? Dn't be bttm f the sea.”可推测，作者认为南冰洋中可能存在比蓝鲸更大生物的发现不足为奇。
8．What des the authr want t tell us?
A．Space explratin is f little value.
B．We spend t much mney n space travel.
C．Humans' success lies in hw much they explre the sea.
D．The cean is the place where we shuld make ur effrts.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段就点明自己的观点：The final place is here, under the surface f the sea，并在接下来的段落中具体论述海洋探索的重大意义。由此可知，D项概括了文章主旨。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
By the end f the 15th century many things were changing in Eurpe.The ppulatin started t grw mre quickly and a new class f merchants came up.They wanted t buy and sell expensive and valuable prducts frm Asia, like gld, jewels and silk.In thse days, peple had n refrigeratrs t preserve their fd.__9__ T make fd taste better they used spices, like pepper.
__10__ But in the 15th century the verland passageways were being cntrlled by the Turkish Empire, which made it even mre difficult fr Eurpean merchants t pass thrugh.As a result, sme Eurpean cuntries, like Spain and Prtugal, decided t find ut if there was a sea passageway t India.
At the end f the 15th century the Prtuguese started t explre the west cast f Africa.__11__ In 1487, the Prtuguese explrer Barthlmeu Dias sailed arund the suthern part f the cntinent and gt as far as the east cast f Africa, but a strm made him turn back.__12__ The Prtuguese named it the Cape f Gd Hpe because they were hpeful f finding a passageway t India.In 1497, Vasc Da Gama set ut frm Lisbn, sailed arund the Cape f Gd Hpe and int the Indian Ocean.__13__ He tk sme spices and gld back with him t prve that he had reached India.
A．He reached the west cast f India the next year.
B．They dried meat and used salt t make it last lnger.
C．They set up trading psts and cllected gld and silver.
D．On his return vyage, he saw a piece f land stretching ut int the sea.
E．Fr centuries Eurpeans brught these gds n a land passageway frm Asia.
F．They were cnvinced that by sailing arund it they wuld find a passageway t India.
G．With the help f advanced ships and instruments，they started the Age f Explratin.
eq \x(语篇解读：本文主要介绍了欧洲人为了开辟到亚洲的海上通道而进行的海上航行。)
9．选B 空格前一句谈到了在过去，人们没有冰箱储存食物，因此，本句承接上一句的内容，为了让食物(肉)保存久一点，人们就将肉风干或用盐将肉腌制起来，故选B。
10．选E 第一段谈到了欧洲人需要商品如黄金、珠宝、丝绸以及香料，商人就从亚洲通过陆路运到欧洲，空格后一句有but转折，谈到陆路逐渐被土耳其帝国控制，导致走陆路非常困难了。因此，空格处起承上启下的作用，E符合语境。
11．选F 本段第一句谈到在15世纪末，葡萄牙人开始探索非洲西海岸。设空处解释他们为什么要探索这条海上航线，因为他们相信通过这条线，他们能够找到到达印度的海上通道。
12．选D 空格前一句谈到Barthlmeu Dias 已经航行到了非洲东海岸，但是他们遇到了海上风暴，本句承接上文，在他们回航的时候，他们看见了一块突出在海上的陆地。D项中的return与空格前一句的“made him turn back”相呼应，因此选D。
13．选A 空格前一句谈到在1497年，航海家Vasc Da Gama绕过好望角到达了印度洋，故A项能承接上文。A项中的“the next year”与空格前一句的“in 1497”存在先后关系，也暗示了答案。
Ⅲ.完形填空
eq \a\vs4\al(2024·成都模拟)“I have n idea what t get yu this New Year，” my husband Larry said.I __14__ with a knwing smile as the same __15__ t me in finding him smething.__16__ we liked remembering each ther with gifts n hlidays, we had reached the __17__ in lives where we didn't need mre things.Actually, we were __18__， clearing ut and getting rid f unneeded stuff.
Then an nline article abut schls having t turn away sme children frm receiving __19__ fr they had n mney t pay attracted me.“Let's each give mney t the schl fr ur presents，” I said, __20__ the article with Larry.“Great idea.It's als a __21__ t pay it frward，” Larry smiled.
When ur children were small, Larry and I were __22__， lsing surces f incme.During the hard time, we __23__ t pay any bill.It wasn't easy fr us t ask fr help, as we'd been brught up n principles f __24__.Smene then ffered a hand.
I visited ur lcal elementary schl, and explained we'd like t help children wh culdn't __25__ their lunches.The lady taking charge lked first __26__ and then pleased.She accepted ur gift f cash with thanks.“This will make a big __27__ t s many children，” she said.
__28__ there weren't as many presents in ur rm, but it was ne f ur best New Years.
语篇解读：新年临近，作者和丈夫商量，不再为对方买节日礼物，而是把这笔钱拿来资助当地小学的贫困学子，让他们能在学校吃上午餐。
14．A.interrupted B．cmplained
C．left D．respnded
解析：选D 根据语境可知，此处表示作者用一个会意的微笑回应丈夫Larry, respnd “作出反应，回应”。
15．A.related B．returned
C．applied D．appealed
解析：选C 根据下文可知，作者和丈夫两人都为选礼物发愁。此处表示作者自己也遇到了同样的问题，即不知道新年该给丈夫买什么礼物。apply表示“(对……)适用，(对……)有效”，the same applies t ...表示“……也是一样”。
16．A.Because B．While
C．If D．Unless
解析：选B 根据语境可知，尽管作者和丈夫喜欢在节日时送对方礼物，但他们已经到了不需要更多东西的阶段。前后分句之间是让步关系，故用While “虽然，尽管”。
17．A.stage B．balance
C．agreement D．edge
解析：选A 参见上题解析。stage “时期，阶段”。
18．A.passing dwn B．handing ut
C．cutting back D．laying ff
解析：选C 根据上文的“where we didn't need mre things”和下文的“clearing ut and getting rid f unneeded stuff”可知，作者他们在减少东西。
19．A.supprt B．educatin
C．bks D．meals
解析：选D 根据下文的“wh culdn't ________ their lunches”可知，一些孩子因为支付不起而吃不上学校的午饭(meals)。
20．A.analyzing B．praising
C．sharing D．cmmenting
解析：选C 结合语境可知，作者在跟丈夫说话时把自己看到的文章分享(sharing)给了他。
21．A.reminder B．chance
C．prmise D．reasn
解析：选B 根据下文的“It wasn't easy fr us t ask fr help then ffered a hand”可知，几年前，作者一家曾得到了别人的帮助，所以Larry认为这也是一个传递爱的机会(chance)。
22．A.unemplyed B．discnnected
C．sick D．alne
解析：选A 根据下文的“lsing surces f incme”可知，作者和Larry在他们的孩子还小的时候失业了，失去了经济来源。
23．A.managed B．intended
C．refused D．failed
解析：选D 根据上文的“lsing surces f incme”和下文的“Smene then ffered a hand”可知，作者他们无法支付任何账单。fail “未能(做到)”。
24．A.independence B．genersity
C．respnsibility D．insistence
解析：选A 根据上文的“It wasn't easy fr us t ask fr help, as we'd been brught up n principles”可知，作者和丈夫从小都被教导要恪守独立自主的生活准则，因此对他们来说向人求助不是一件容易的事。independence “自主，自立”。
25．A.ck B．prvide C．reserve D．affrd
解析：选D 根据上文的“fr they had n mney t pay”可知，作者想要帮助支付 (affrd) 不起学校午餐的孩子。
26．A.tuched B．surprised C．excited D．affrd
解析：选B 结合语境可知，负责人一开始很惊讶(surprised)，然后很高兴。
27．A.decisin B．pririty C．difference D．push
解析：选C 作者的捐赠会给很多孩子带来巨大影响。make a difference表示“起作用；有影响”。
28．A.Prbably B．Obviusly
C．Generally D．Hpefully
解析：选B 作者和丈夫为对方准备的新年礼物是帮助贫困孩子，所以他们房间里的礼物显然没有之前多了，但这是他们最好的新年之一。bviusly “显然，明显地”。
Ⅳ.语法填空
eq \a\vs4\al(2024·珠海模拟)China's Wukng, a __1__ (full) autnmus submersible(潜水器)that was develped by Harbin Engineering University, has reached a maximum underwater depth f 7,709 metres, __2__ (set) a new diving recrd fr dmestic autnmus underwater vehicles.
Wukng returned t its hme prt f Qingda, Shandng Prvince n Thursday after cmpleting __3__ third phase f its deep­sea trial.
During this year's deep­sea scientific expeditin (探险) in the Western Pacific Ocean __4__ (rganise) by the Natinal Deep Sea Centre f China frm February 24 t April 1, Wukng had successfully reached a maximum deep­sea diving depth recrd f 7,709 metres, __5__ brke its previus recrd f 5,213 metres.
Capable __6__ full­cean depth, it dived 5,000 metres and 7,000 metres respectively during the sea trials and retrieved (回收) water samples, laying a slid __7__ (fund) fr 11,000­metre submersible tests.This is the secnd __8__ (deep)recrd in the wrld after the ne set by the Russian Vityaz­DAUV.
Wukng, 2 metres lng, 1 metre wide and 1.3 tns in weight, cmpleted tw sea trials at a 1,500­metre depth in 2019.
Autnmus underwater vehicles __9__ (see) as ne f the key emerging technlgies in future naval warfare.But s far the cmplexity f this slutin __10__ (mean) that n cuntry in the wrld has fielded them peratinally.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国哈尔滨工程大学研制“悟空”号全自动潜水器创下了国内自主潜水器的潜水新纪录。
1．fully 考查副词。修饰形容词autnmus要用副词fully。
2．setting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为has reached，和空处动词无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，且set和其逻辑主语China's Wukng之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。
3．the 考查冠词。修饰序数词third要用定冠词the。
4．rganised 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为had reached，和空处动词无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，且rganise和其逻辑主语expeditin之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。
5．which 考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词recrd f 7,709 meters，且引导词在从句中作主语，所以用which引导。
6．f 考查介词。表示“能够做某事”为be capable f，所以空处用介词f。
7．fundatin 考查名词。 分析可知，此处形容词slid修饰名词，表示“基础”为fundatin，且前面有冠词a修饰，应用单数。
8．deepest 考查形容词最高级。这是继俄罗斯Vityaz­DAUV之后的世界第二深的记录。 所以secnd 后跟deep的最高级形式。
9．are seen 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析可知，句子表达的是现在的情况，且主语Autnmus underwater vehicles和谓语动词see之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语也要用复数。
10．has meant 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析可知，mean这一动作从过去持续到现在，有可能持续下去，所以用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，the cmplexity为主语，故谓语用单数形式。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是红星中学的高一学生李华，你刚刚做了一个关于“保护海洋”的科学课题，请给英国朋友Jim写信向他介绍相关内容：
1．目前海洋面临的问题；
2．问题出现的原因；
3．解决措施。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。



参考范文：
Dear Jim，
Hw is everything ging there?
Recently, I just have finished my science subject which is abut Ocean Cnservancy.It is said that ur ceans are facing unprecedented pllutin.Abundant marine resurces are being depleted, and artificial waste kills cuntless cean lives every year.
There are tw main reasns fr these prblems.First f all, the discharge f untreated industrial waste water frm castal industries is the main cause f serius pllutin f castal marine water quality.Secnd, verfishing in the fishing industry destrys the cean life chain.Therefre, I think the gvernment shuld strengthen the supervisin f the castal enterprises and set up the clsed seasn t ensure the fish breeding.
Yurs，
Li Hua