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新高考英语一轮复习讲练测第17讲 阅读理解词义猜测题（练）（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）
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这是一份新高考英语一轮复习讲练测第17讲 阅读理解词义猜测题（练）（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习讲练测第17讲阅读理解词义猜测题练原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习讲练测第17讲阅读理解词义猜测题练解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共19页， 欢迎下载使用。
根据文章选择正确的选项
1.（2023年浙江绍兴高三统考）As the pandemic began t take its tll n New Yrk in March 2020, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a massive utpuring f supprt frm like-minded individuals in the cmmunity. Besides vlunteering t deliver grceries fr free, New Yrkers als reached ut t translate the Invisible Hands flyers int ver a dzen languages, enabling the rganisatin t reach ut t mre members f the cmmunity.
What des the underlined phrase “take its tll” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cause great damage.B．Reduce the impact.
C．Fill a huge gap.D．Recver slwly.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句子“As the pandemic began t take its tll n New Yrk in March 2020, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a massive utpuring f supprt frm like-minded individuals in the cmmunity. (2020年3月，随着大流行病开始在纽约take its tll，Invisible Hands Deliver组织目睹了社区中志同道合者的大力支持。)”可知，疫情期间社区中志同道合的人们伸出援助之手，大力支持社区的人们，这说明疫情造成了巨大损失，需要大力支持，由此可推知，画线短语“take its tll”意为“造成很大损失”，故选A。
2.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）The bare fact is that we will cntinue t imprve ur intelligent machines. We have prblems that we desperately need t slve. S we will d this, if we can. The train is already ut f the statin, and there’s n brake t pull. If we build machines that are mre intelligent than we are, they will very likely develp in ways that we can’t imagine, and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.
What des the underlined wrd “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Disable.B．Inspire.C．Disappint.D．Outpace.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词前半部分“If we build machines that are mre intelligent than we are, they will very likely develp in ways that we can’t imagine”（如果我们制造出比我们更聪明的机器，它们很可能以我们无法想象的方式发展）可知，当机器人比我们更聪明时，它们的一些方式可能是我们无法想象，甚至在某些方面会超出我们的想象，所以划线词此处指“超越”，A项“使失去能力”；B项“启发，鼓舞”；C项“使失望”；D项“超越”，故选D。
3.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）The Natinal Merit Schlarship is ne awarded t thse wh d well n the Preliminary SAT r the Natinal Merit Schlarship Qualifying Test. The Natinal Merit Schlarship Crpratin will grant arund 7,600 students the schlarship after an intense filtering f abut 1.6 millin entries.
What des the underlined wrd “filtering” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Selecting.B．Cperating.C．Fighting.D．Matching.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The Natinal Merit Schlarship Crpratin will grant arund 7,600 students the schlarship after an intense”以及后文“f abut 1.6 millin entries”可知，国家优秀奖学金公司是从约160万名申请者中选出7600名学生发放奖学金。故画线词意思是“选择”。故选A。
（2023年湖北襄阳四中模拟测试）
It may seem very different, but babies are certainly nt lying arund randmly. “Babies dn’t explre the wrld by chance, with their eyes falling n it. Babies have a strategy if they want t understand the wrld. First, they lk fr thse pieces f infrmatin that allw them t understand ther infrmatin faster and mre efficiently. On the cntrary, if they see an bject r event frm which they can learn nthing further, they simply reject it. Only the infrmatin useful t them, they select.” says Dr Francesc Pli.
That sunds easier, even fr a baby, than dne. But hw des a baby knw what is imprtant and what is nt?
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上一段“Babies have a strategy if they want t understand the wrld. First, they lk fr thse pieces f infrmatin that allw them t understand ther infrmatin faster and mre efficiently. On the cntrary, if they see an bject r event frm which they can learn nthing further, they simply reject it. Only the infrmatin useful t them, they select, says Dr Francesc Pli. (如果婴儿想要了解这个世界，他们会有自己的策略。首先，他们寻找那些能让他们更快更有效地理解其他信息的信息片段。相反，如果他们看到一个他们无法进一步了解的物体或事件，他们就会直接拒绝它。他们只选择对他们有用的信息。Francesc Pli博士说)”以及文章第三段“That sunds easier, even fr a baby, than dne. But hw des a baby knw what is imprtant and what is nt?(即使对婴儿来说，这听起来容易做起来难。但是婴儿怎么知道什么是重要的，什么是不重要的?)”可知，此处的That指代的应该是有策略地学习。故选C项。
（2023年湖北黄冈中学校考二模）
Just 17 mnths earlier, this trip had seemed impssible. In May 2017, Mavani was diagnsed with type I diabetes (糖尿病). She says, “I felt s lw, thinking, ‘What am I ging t d nw in life, stuck with this?’”
The news put in jepardy all Mavani’s hpes f travelling. She retired the year befre and her sn eventually flew the nest. “I felt free. It was my chance. I thught, ‘Hray, I can enjy life.’” But her diagnsis made Mavani scared t leave the huse. Her elder sister came t help, but Mavani “culdn’t walk t the lcal park” withut feeling unwell. Very slwly, Mavani built herself up frm walking arund the blck t taking gentle gym classes. It was there that she met Hazel, wh invited her t a talk abut climbing Kilimanjar.
What des the underlined part “put in jepardy” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Revealed.B．Inspired.C．Annunced.D．Threatened.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上一段的“In May 2017, Mavani was diagnsed with type I diabetes.（2017年5月，Mavani被诊断出患有Ⅰ型糖尿病）”可知，划线短语前的the news指的是Mavani被诊断出患有Ⅰ型糖尿病这件事，这件事肯定是危及到她的旅行计划，所以划线短语put in jepardy的意义为“使处于险境”。故选D项。
6.（2023年江苏南京金陵中模拟预测）
As parents, we always hpe t develp character traits in ur children that will enhance their success in life. When ur daughter Meegan, the eldest f five children, lst her frnt tth at the age f six, we fund the fllwing nte wrapped arund the tiny tth.
Der Tth Fairy，
Pleze leve me yr majik wand(杖). I want t be a tth fairy, t.
Luv Meegan
Recgnizing ptential leadership skills, precius pprtunity and the teachable mment, the “Tth Fairy” left the fllwing nte fr little Meegan:
What des the underlined phrase “the teachable mment” refer t?
A．Meegan lst a tth.B．Meegan wrapped a tth.
C．Meegan wrte a nte.D．Meegan received a nte.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段“When ur daughter Meegan, the eldest f five children, lst her frnt tth at the age f six, we fund the fllwing nte wrapped arund the tiny tth. Pleze leve me yr majik wand. I want t be a tth fairy, t.(当我们的女儿Meegan，五个孩子中最大的一个，在六岁时失去了门牙时，我们发现下面的纸条包裹在这颗小牙齿上。请给我你的魔杖，我也想成为一名牙仙。)”可知，Meegan给牙仙子写了一个纸条表达自己的愿望，父母抓住这个教育的契机，以牙仙子的口吻跟孩子进行交流。所以“the teachable mment(可教的时刻)”指的是Meegan给牙仙子写了一个纸条表达自己的愿望（Meegan wrte a nte），父母抓住这个教育的契机。故选C。
7.（2023年江苏南京金陵中学模拟预测）
Meanwhile, it appears that schls are trying hard t figure ut hw t cunteract the use f ChatGPT. Many schls have banned ChatGPT n schl devices and netwrks, and educatrs are adjusting their teaching styles. Sme are turning t mre in-class essays, while thers are lking at hw they can incrprate the technlgy int the classrm.
What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd “cunteract” in paragraph 5?
A．reduceB．increaseC．supprtD．delay
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“Many schls have banned ChatGPT n schl devices and netwrks, and educatrs are adjusting their teaching styles. (许多学校已经禁止在学校设备和网络上使用ChatGPT，教育工作者正在调整他们的教学风格)”可推测，上文的意思是“与此同时，学校似乎正在努力找出如何抵制ChatGPT的使用”也就是减少ChatGPT的使用，故cunteract意为“减少”，和reduce同义，故选A。
（2023年江苏南通海安高级中学统考）
“One f the biggest prblems with ChatGPT is that it cmes back, very cnfidently, with falsities,” Michael Wldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in Lndn, UK, tld The Guardian. This means that ChatGPT desn’t knw the truth abut the wrld — it learns infrmatin frm varius resurces but it cannt decide what is true r false.
What des the underlined wrd “falsities” mean in the last but ne paragraph?
A．False infrmatin.B．Smething new.
C．Varius resurces.D．Timely respnses.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章划线单词所在段最后一句“This means that ChatGPT desn’t knw the truth abut the wrld — it learns infrmatin frm varius resurces but it cannt decide what is true r false. (这意味着ChatGPT不知道世界的真相—它从各种资源中学习信息，但它无法决定什么是真的还是假的。)”可知，划线单词所在句子One f the biggest prblems with ChatGPT is that it cmes back, very cnfidently, with falsities的意思是：ChatGPT最大的问题之一是，它很自信地带着谎言回来了。可知最后一段中，带下划线的单词的意思是“虚假信息”，故选A。
9.（2023年福建福州高中模拟预测）The researchers fund that participants wh watched vides with the human-like rbt were mre likely t rate the rbt’s actins as intentinal, rather than prgrammed, while thse wh nly interacted with the machine-like rbt were nt. This shws that mere expsure t a human-like rbt is nt enugh t make peple believe it is capable f thughts and emtins. It is human-like behavir that might be crucial fr being deemed as an intentinal agent.
What des the underlined wrd ”deemed“ in paragraph4 prbably mean?
A．Believed.B．Persuaded.C．Perfrmed.D．Advcated.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“This shws that mere expsure t a human-like rbt is nt enugh t make peple believe it is capable f thughts and emtins.(这表明，仅仅与类人机器人接触不足以让人们相信它有思想和情感)”可知，现在的研究并不能让人们相信类人机器人真正拥有思想和情感，这种类似人类的行为可能是被视为有意行为的关键。由此可知，划线词deemed与上文中的believe意思相近。故选A。
10.（2023年湖南长沙雅礼中学二模）
A few years ag, when I was caring fr my seriusly ill father, I lst my vice. At first, I just sunded harse when I was having difficult cnversatins abut Dad’s cnditin. But befre lng, I culdn’t even say “Yes please” t a cup f tea withut sunding like an unusually breathless Minnie Muse. After cnsulting an ear, nse and thrat specialist, I was tld that I had lst my vice due t stress.
What des the underlined wrd “harse” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Unable t speak.
B．Unable t express neself.
C．(Sunding) sweet and smth.
D．(Sunding) rugh and unpleasant.
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前面一句中的“A few years ag, when I was caring fr my seriusly ill father, I lst my vice. (几年前，当我照顾重病的父亲时，我失声了。)”以及下文的“when I was having difficult cnversatins abut Dad’s cnditin (当我艰难地谈论爸爸的病情时)”可推断，作者说话比较困难，所以声音应该是变得沙哑难听，故选D。
11.（2023年湖南师大附中一模）A few weeks earlier, the families here had learned the district was planning t diminish the Filipin language prgram at Lngfellw Elementary Schl by cmbining its kindergarten and first-grade classes, decreasing the number f spts available by rughly half. Lcated in San Francisc’s Excelsir neighbrhd, the schl hsts a large Filipin student bdy. Its full-day language prgram is ne f just a handful f prgrams thrughut the cuntry ffering an elementary schl-level ethnic studies curriculum.
What des the underlined wrd “diminish” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cntinue.B．Launch.C．End.D．Reduce.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据“by cmbining its kindergarten and first-grade classes, reducing the number f spts available by rughly half.(将幼儿园和一年级的班级合并，将招生名额减少大约一半)”可知，通过将幼儿园和一年级的课程合并，该校减少了大约一半的招生名额。由此可知，该地区计划减少菲律宾语言项目，即diminish意为“减少”，与shrink同义。故选D。
（2023湖南长沙长郡中学模拟预测）
Fr an atmsphere with Earth’s atmspheric pressure, CO2 levels as high as 1 per cent can cause sleepiness in humans, and nce we reach levels f 10 per cent CO2, we will suffcate even if there is abundant xygen. The prpsed abslute best-case scenari (设 想)fr changing Mars leaves us with an atmsphere we are incapable f breathing.
What des the underlined wrd “suffcate” mean in Paragraph4?
A．Chke.
B．Faint.
C．Hurt.
D．Explde..
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Fr an atmsphere with Earth’s atmspheric pressure, CO2 levels as high as 1 per cent can cause sleepiness in humans（在与地球大气压相当的大气中，二氧化碳浓度高达1%就会导致人类嗜睡）”，由此推知“nce we reach levels f 10 per cent CO2（一旦我们达到10%的二氧化碳水平）”人们可能会“窒息”，所以划线词suffcate的意思应该是“窒息”。故选A。
（2023年湖南长沙一中三模）
Dgs can be trained t rll ver and play dead. But their ancient instincts frm their wlf ancestrs are still there. Instincts, r instinctive behavirs, are behavirs that are dne withut thinking. They dn’t have t be learned. Fr example, sme dgs will scratch the grund after pping(排便). But they’re nt trying t bury their pp. They want ther animals t ntice it. “They are depsiting smell in thse areas,” Siracusa said. “It’s almst like drawing a picture with a big red marker arund it,” he added.
Which can best replace the wrd “depsiting” in Paragraph 3?
A．leavingB．hidingC．remvingD．detecting
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“But they’re nt trying t bury their pp. They want ther animals t ntice it.”(但它们并不是想把便便埋起来。他们想让其他动物注意到它)”可推断出，“They are depsiting smell in thse areas”中的“depsiting smell”意为“留下气味”。故选A。
（2023广东深圳·外国语学校阶段练习）
Mre than 100 cuntries wrldwide sell Happy Meals at McDnald’s lcatins. The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread cncern abut children’s meals at fast-fd restaurants, the cmpany revamped its ptins t selectins that were lwer in calries, sdium, saturated fat and sugar.
What des the underlined wrd “revamped” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Challenged.B．Offered.C．Adjusted.D．Distributed.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。第二段提到“The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread cncern abut children’s meals at fast-fd restaurants, the cmpany revamped its ptins t selectins that were lwer in calries, sdium, saturated fat and sugar.”（这家汉堡连锁店从1979年开始销售这种餐点。2018年，在人们普遍担心快餐店的儿童餐后，该公司将其选择revamped卡路里、钠、饱和脂肪和糖含量较低的食品。），由此判断，1979年开始麦当劳就开始售卖开心乐园餐，但到了2018年的时候汉堡里卡路里、钠、饱和脂肪和糖的含量变少，说明麦当劳就汉堡的配方进行了调整和修改。A. Challenged.挑战；B. Offered.提供；C. Adjusted.调整；D. Distributed.分配；分发。C项adjust（调整；调节）符合文意。故选C。
（2023广东深圳外国语学校模拟测试）
This study cmes ahead f a United Natins meeting in China t discuss bidiversity(生物多样性) gals fr the next decade. Several cuntries have already cmmitted t prtecting 30 percent f the planet by 2030, yet the researchers say this alne des nt necessarily guarantee psitive utcmes fr species.
What des the underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Ding smething psitive.B．Organizing the meeting.
C．Talking abut bidiversity.D．Expanding prtected areas.
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Several cuntries have already cmmitted t prtecting 30 percent f the planet by 2030, yet the researchers say this alne des nt necessarily guarantee psitive ut- cmes fr species.(一些国家已经承诺到2030年保护地球的30%，然而，研究人员表示，仅凭这一点并不一定能保证对物种产生积极的影响。)”可知, 一些国家已经承诺到2030年时将保护地球30％的土地，此处的this指上文提到的“承诺到2030年保护地球的30%”也就是承诺“扩大保护区域”。故选D项。
用适当的单词填空
（2023年全国乙卷D篇）
The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以cnversatin指的是“历史”。故选B。
（2022年新课标I卷C篇）
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
30．What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A．Imprve.B．Oppse.C．Begin.D．Evaluate.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.” (彭福街60号的额外护理经理Wendy Wilsn是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embark n意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C项。
（2022年新课标II卷C篇）
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Prvided shelter fr me.B．Became very clear t me.
C．Tk the pressure ff me.D．Wrked quite well n me.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
（2022年全国甲卷C篇）
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28．Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Try challenging things.B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lst memries.D．Stick t a prmise.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
(2022年全国乙卷)
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
29.What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Persnnel safety. B．Assistance frm drnes.
C．Inspectin and repair. D．Cnstructin f infrastructure.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和 C项：Inspectin and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
（2022年浙江卷6月）
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice.
28．The underlined wrd “g-getter” in paragraph 3 refers t smene Wh_______.
A．is gd at handling pressureB．wrks hard t becme successful
C．a has a natural talent fr his jb.D．gets n well with his c-wrkers
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词g-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。
（2021年全国乙卷）
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit.B. Argue.
C. Remember.D. Remark.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“cncede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
8.（2021年新高考I卷）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
（2021年新高考II卷）
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
25. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly.B. Lse their way.C. Sleep sundly.D. Miss their mm.
【答案】
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
（2021年浙江卷1月）
“The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins,” she said. “Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animal cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains. ”
9．What des the underlined wrd “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference.B．Cnflict.C．Balance.D．Cnnectin.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect.(在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西)”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatins.(此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息)”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“S, it seems the gulf remains.(所以，看来差异依然存在)”。由此可知，划线词gulf与difference意思接近。故选A。
10.（2021年浙江卷6月）
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
26. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. recrdsB. predictsC. delaysD. cnfirms
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth f the Wrld Netwrk (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“recrds”意思一致。故选A项。
根据文章选择正确的选项
1.（2023年浙江绍兴高三统考）As the pandemic began t take its tll n New Yrk in March 2020, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a massive utpuring f supprt frm like-minded individuals in the cmmunity. Besides vlunteering t deliver grceries fr free, New Yrkers als reached ut t translate the Invisible Hands flyers int ver a dzen languages, enabling the rganisatin t reach ut t mre members f the cmmunity.
What des the underlined phrase “take its tll” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cause great damage.B．Reduce the impact.
C．Fill a huge gap.D．Recver slwly.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句子“As the pandemic began t take its tll n New Yrk in March 2020, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a massive utpuring f supprt frm like-minded individuals in the cmmunity. (2020年3月，随着大流行病开始在纽约take its tll，Invisible Hands Deliver组织目睹了社区中志同道合者的大力支持。)”可知，疫情期间社区中志同道合的人们伸出援助之手，大力支持社区的人们，这说明疫情造成了巨大损失，需要大力支持，由此可推知，画线短语“take its tll”意为“造成很大损失”，故选A。
2.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）The bare fact is that we will cntinue t imprve ur intelligent machines. We have prblems that we desperately need t slve. S we will d this, if we can. The train is already ut f the statin, and there’s n brake t pull. If we build machines that are mre intelligent than we are, they will very likely develp in ways that we can’t imagine, and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.
What des the underlined wrd “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Disable.B．Inspire.C．Disappint.D．Outpace.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词前半部分“If we build machines that are mre intelligent than we are, they will very likely develp in ways that we can’t imagine”（如果我们制造出比我们更聪明的机器，它们很可能以我们无法想象的方式发展）可知，当机器人比我们更聪明时，它们的一些方式可能是我们无法想象，甚至在某些方面会超出我们的想象，所以划线词此处指“超越”，A项“使失去能力”；B项“启发，鼓舞”；C项“使失望”；D项“超越”，故选D。
3.（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）The Natinal Merit Schlarship is ne awarded t thse wh d well n the Preliminary SAT r the Natinal Merit Schlarship Qualifying Test. The Natinal Merit Schlarship Crpratin will grant arund 7,600 students the schlarship after an intense filtering f abut 1.6 millin entries.
What des the underlined wrd “filtering” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Selecting.B．Cperating.C．Fighting.D．Matching.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The Natinal Merit Schlarship Crpratin will grant arund 7,600 students the schlarship after an intense”以及后文“f abut 1.6 millin entries”可知，国家优秀奖学金公司是从约160万名申请者中选出7600名学生发放奖学金。故画线词意思是“选择”。故选A。
（2023年湖北襄阳四中模拟测试）
It may seem very different, but babies are certainly nt lying arund randmly. “Babies dn’t explre the wrld by chance, with their eyes falling n it. Babies have a strategy if they want t understand the wrld. First, they lk fr thse pieces f infrmatin that allw them t understand ther infrmatin faster and mre efficiently. On the cntrary, if they see an bject r event frm which they can learn nthing further, they simply reject it. Only the infrmatin useful t them, they select.” says Dr Francesc Pli.
That sunds easier, even fr a baby, than dne. But hw des a baby knw what is imprtant and what is nt?
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上一段“Babies have a strategy if they want t understand the wrld. First, they lk fr thse pieces f infrmatin that allw them t understand ther infrmatin faster and mre efficiently. On the cntrary, if they see an bject r event frm which they can learn nthing further, they simply reject it. Only the infrmatin useful t them, they select, says Dr Francesc Pli. (如果婴儿想要了解这个世界，他们会有自己的策略。首先，他们寻找那些能让他们更快更有效地理解其他信息的信息片段。相反，如果他们看到一个他们无法进一步了解的物体或事件，他们就会直接拒绝它。他们只选择对他们有用的信息。Francesc Pli博士说)”以及文章第三段“That sunds easier, even fr a baby, than dne. But hw des a baby knw what is imprtant and what is nt?(即使对婴儿来说，这听起来容易做起来难。但是婴儿怎么知道什么是重要的，什么是不重要的?)”可知，此处的That指代的应该是有策略地学习。故选C项。
（2023年湖北黄冈中学校考二模）
Just 17 mnths earlier, this trip had seemed impssible. In May 2017, Mavani was diagnsed with type I diabetes (糖尿病). She says, “I felt s lw, thinking, ‘What am I ging t d nw in life, stuck with this?’”
The news put in jepardy all Mavani’s hpes f travelling. She retired the year befre and her sn eventually flew the nest. “I felt free. It was my chance. I thught, ‘Hray, I can enjy life.’” But her diagnsis made Mavani scared t leave the huse. Her elder sister came t help, but Mavani “culdn’t walk t the lcal park” withut feeling unwell. Very slwly, Mavani built herself up frm walking arund the blck t taking gentle gym classes. It was there that she met Hazel, wh invited her t a talk abut climbing Kilimanjar.
What des the underlined part “put in jepardy” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Revealed.B．Inspired.C．Annunced.D．Threatened.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上一段的“In May 2017, Mavani was diagnsed with type I diabetes.（2017年5月，Mavani被诊断出患有Ⅰ型糖尿病）”可知，划线短语前的the news指的是Mavani被诊断出患有Ⅰ型糖尿病这件事，这件事肯定是危及到她的旅行计划，所以划线短语put in jepardy的意义为“使处于险境”。故选D项。
6.（2023年江苏南京金陵中模拟预测）
As parents, we always hpe t develp character traits in ur children that will enhance their success in life. When ur daughter Meegan, the eldest f five children, lst her frnt tth at the age f six, we fund the fllwing nte wrapped arund the tiny tth.
Der Tth Fairy，
Pleze leve me yr majik wand(杖). I want t be a tth fairy, t.
Luv Meegan
Recgnizing ptential leadership skills, precius pprtunity and the teachable mment, the “Tth Fairy” left the fllwing nte fr little Meegan:
What des the underlined phrase “the teachable mment” refer t?
A．Meegan lst a tth.B．Meegan wrapped a tth.
C．Meegan wrte a nte.D．Meegan received a nte.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段“When ur daughter Meegan, the eldest f five children, lst her frnt tth at the age f six, we fund the fllwing nte wrapped arund the tiny tth. Pleze leve me yr majik wand. I want t be a tth fairy, t.(当我们的女儿Meegan，五个孩子中最大的一个，在六岁时失去了门牙时，我们发现下面的纸条包裹在这颗小牙齿上。请给我你的魔杖，我也想成为一名牙仙。)”可知，Meegan给牙仙子写了一个纸条表达自己的愿望，父母抓住这个教育的契机，以牙仙子的口吻跟孩子进行交流。所以“the teachable mment(可教的时刻)”指的是Meegan给牙仙子写了一个纸条表达自己的愿望（Meegan wrte a nte），父母抓住这个教育的契机。故选C。
7.（2023年江苏南京金陵中学模拟预测）
Meanwhile, it appears that schls are trying hard t figure ut hw t cunteract the use f ChatGPT. Many schls have banned ChatGPT n schl devices and netwrks, and educatrs are adjusting their teaching styles. Sme are turning t mre in-class essays, while thers are lking at hw they can incrprate the technlgy int the classrm.
What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd “cunteract” in paragraph 5?
A．reduceB．increaseC．supprtD．delay
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“Many schls have banned ChatGPT n schl devices and netwrks, and educatrs are adjusting their teaching styles. (许多学校已经禁止在学校设备和网络上使用ChatGPT，教育工作者正在调整他们的教学风格)”可推测，上文的意思是“与此同时，学校似乎正在努力找出如何抵制ChatGPT的使用”也就是减少ChatGPT的使用，故cunteract意为“减少”，和reduce同义，故选A。
（2023年江苏南通海安高级中学统考）
“One f the biggest prblems with ChatGPT is that it cmes back, very cnfidently, with falsities,” Michael Wldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in Lndn, UK, tld The Guardian. This means that ChatGPT desn’t knw the truth abut the wrld — it learns infrmatin frm varius resurces but it cannt decide what is true r false.
What des the underlined wrd “falsities” mean in the last but ne paragraph?
A．False infrmatin.B．Smething new.
C．Varius resurces.D．Timely respnses.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章划线单词所在段最后一句“This means that ChatGPT desn’t knw the truth abut the wrld — it learns infrmatin frm varius resurces but it cannt decide what is true r false. (这意味着ChatGPT不知道世界的真相—它从各种资源中学习信息，但它无法决定什么是真的还是假的。)”可知，划线单词所在句子One f the biggest prblems with ChatGPT is that it cmes back, very cnfidently, with falsities的意思是：ChatGPT最大的问题之一是，它很自信地带着谎言回来了。可知最后一段中，带下划线的单词的意思是“虚假信息”，故选A。
9.（2023年福建福州高中模拟预测）The researchers fund that participants wh watched vides with the human-like rbt were mre likely t rate the rbt’s actins as intentinal, rather than prgrammed, while thse wh nly interacted with the machine-like rbt were nt. This shws that mere expsure t a human-like rbt is nt enugh t make peple believe it is capable f thughts and emtins. It is human-like behavir that might be crucial fr being deemed as an intentinal agent.
What des the underlined wrd ”deemed“ in paragraph4 prbably mean?
A．Believed.B．Persuaded.C．Perfrmed.D．Advcated.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“This shws that mere expsure t a human-like rbt is nt enugh t make peple believe it is capable f thughts and emtins.(这表明，仅仅与类人机器人接触不足以让人们相信它有思想和情感)”可知，现在的研究并不能让人们相信类人机器人真正拥有思想和情感，这种类似人类的行为可能是被视为有意行为的关键。由此可知，划线词deemed与上文中的believe意思相近。故选A。
10.（2023年湖南长沙雅礼中学二模）
A few years ag, when I was caring fr my seriusly ill father, I lst my vice. At first, I just sunded harse when I was having difficult cnversatins abut Dad’s cnditin. But befre lng, I culdn’t even say “Yes please” t a cup f tea withut sunding like an unusually breathless Minnie Muse. After cnsulting an ear, nse and thrat specialist, I was tld that I had lst my vice due t stress.
What des the underlined wrd “harse” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Unable t speak.
B．Unable t express neself.
C．(Sunding) sweet and smth.
D．(Sunding) rugh and unpleasant.
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前面一句中的“A few years ag, when I was caring fr my seriusly ill father, I lst my vice. (几年前，当我照顾重病的父亲时，我失声了。)”以及下文的“when I was having difficult cnversatins abut Dad’s cnditin (当我艰难地谈论爸爸的病情时)”可推断，作者说话比较困难，所以声音应该是变得沙哑难听，故选D。
11.（2023年湖南师大附中一模）A few weeks earlier, the families here had learned the district was planning t diminish the Filipin language prgram at Lngfellw Elementary Schl by cmbining its kindergarten and first-grade classes, decreasing the number f spts available by rughly half. Lcated in San Francisc’s Excelsir neighbrhd, the schl hsts a large Filipin student bdy. Its full-day language prgram is ne f just a handful f prgrams thrughut the cuntry ffering an elementary schl-level ethnic studies curriculum.
What des the underlined wrd “diminish” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cntinue.B．Launch.C．End.D．Reduce.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据“by cmbining its kindergarten and first-grade classes, reducing the number f spts available by rughly half.(将幼儿园和一年级的班级合并，将招生名额减少大约一半)”可知，通过将幼儿园和一年级的课程合并，该校减少了大约一半的招生名额。由此可知，该地区计划减少菲律宾语言项目，即diminish意为“减少”，与shrink同义。故选D。
（2023湖南长沙长郡中学模拟预测）
Fr an atmsphere with Earth’s atmspheric pressure, CO2 levels as high as 1 per cent can cause sleepiness in humans, and nce we reach levels f 10 per cent CO2, we will suffcate even if there is abundant xygen. The prpsed abslute best-case scenari (设 想)fr changing Mars leaves us with an atmsphere we are incapable f breathing.
What des the underlined wrd “suffcate” mean in Paragraph4?
A．Chke.
B．Faint.
C．Hurt.
D．Explde..
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Fr an atmsphere with Earth’s atmspheric pressure, CO2 levels as high as 1 per cent can cause sleepiness in humans（在与地球大气压相当的大气中，二氧化碳浓度高达1%就会导致人类嗜睡）”，由此推知“nce we reach levels f 10 per cent CO2（一旦我们达到10%的二氧化碳水平）”人们可能会“窒息”，所以划线词suffcate的意思应该是“窒息”。故选A。
（2023年湖南长沙一中三模）
Dgs can be trained t rll ver and play dead. But their ancient instincts frm their wlf ancestrs are still there. Instincts, r instinctive behavirs, are behavirs that are dne withut thinking. They dn’t have t be learned. Fr example, sme dgs will scratch the grund after pping(排便). But they’re nt trying t bury their pp. They want ther animals t ntice it. “They are depsiting smell in thse areas,” Siracusa said. “It’s almst like drawing a picture with a big red marker arund it,” he added.
Which can best replace the wrd “depsiting” in Paragraph 3?
A．leavingB．hidingC．remvingD．detecting
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“But they’re nt trying t bury their pp. They want ther animals t ntice it.”(但它们并不是想把便便埋起来。他们想让其他动物注意到它)”可推断出，“They are depsiting smell in thse areas”中的“depsiting smell”意为“留下气味”。故选A。
（2023广东深圳·外国语学校阶段练习）
Mre than 100 cuntries wrldwide sell Happy Meals at McDnald’s lcatins. The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread cncern abut children’s meals at fast-fd restaurants, the cmpany revamped its ptins t selectins that were lwer in calries, sdium, saturated fat and sugar.
What des the underlined wrd “revamped” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Challenged.B．Offered.C．Adjusted.D．Distributed.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。第二段提到“The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread cncern abut children’s meals at fast-fd restaurants, the cmpany revamped its ptins t selectins that were lwer in calries, sdium, saturated fat and sugar.”（这家汉堡连锁店从1979年开始销售这种餐点。2018年，在人们普遍担心快餐店的儿童餐后，该公司将其选择revamped卡路里、钠、饱和脂肪和糖含量较低的食品。），由此判断，1979年开始麦当劳就开始售卖开心乐园餐，但到了2018年的时候汉堡里卡路里、钠、饱和脂肪和糖的含量变少，说明麦当劳就汉堡的配方进行了调整和修改。A. Challenged.挑战；B. Offered.提供；C. Adjusted.调整；D. Distributed.分配；分发。C项adjust（调整；调节）符合文意。故选C。
（2023广东深圳外国语学校模拟测试）
This study cmes ahead f a United Natins meeting in China t discuss bidiversity(生物多样性) gals fr the next decade. Several cuntries have already cmmitted t prtecting 30 percent f the planet by 2030, yet the researchers say this alne des nt necessarily guarantee psitive utcmes fr species.
What des the underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Ding smething psitive.B．Organizing the meeting.
C．Talking abut bidiversity.D．Expanding prtected areas.
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Several cuntries have already cmmitted t prtecting 30 percent f the planet by 2030, yet the researchers say this alne des nt necessarily guarantee psitive ut- cmes fr species.(一些国家已经承诺到2030年保护地球的30%，然而，研究人员表示，仅凭这一点并不一定能保证对物种产生积极的影响。)”可知, 一些国家已经承诺到2030年时将保护地球30％的土地，此处的this指上文提到的“承诺到2030年保护地球的30%”也就是承诺“扩大保护区域”。故选D项。
用适当的单词填空
（2023年全国乙卷D篇）
The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以cnversatin指的是“历史”。故选B。
（2022年新课标I卷C篇）
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
30．What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A．Imprve.B．Oppse.C．Begin.D．Evaluate.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.” (彭福街60号的额外护理经理Wendy Wilsn是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embark n意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C项。
（2022年新课标II卷C篇）
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Prvided shelter fr me.B．Became very clear t me.
C．Tk the pressure ff me.D．Wrked quite well n me.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
（2022年全国甲卷C篇）
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28．Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Try challenging things.B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lst memries.D．Stick t a prmise.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
(2022年全国乙卷)
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
29.What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Persnnel safety. B．Assistance frm drnes.
C．Inspectin and repair. D．Cnstructin f infrastructure.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和 C项：Inspectin and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
（2022年浙江卷6月）
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice.
28．The underlined wrd “g-getter” in paragraph 3 refers t smene Wh_______.
A．is gd at handling pressureB．wrks hard t becme successful
C．a has a natural talent fr his jb.D．gets n well with his c-wrkers
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词g-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。
（2021年全国乙卷）
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit.B. Argue.
C. Remember.D. Remark.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“cncede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
8.（2021年新高考I卷）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
（2021年新高考II卷）
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
25. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly.B. Lse their way.C. Sleep sundly.D. Miss their mm.
【答案】
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
（2021年浙江卷1月）
“The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins,” she said. “Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animal cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains. ”
9．What des the underlined wrd “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference.B．Cnflict.C．Balance.D．Cnnectin.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect.(在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西)”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatins.(此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息)”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“S, it seems the gulf remains.(所以，看来差异依然存在)”。由此可知，划线词gulf与difference意思接近。故选A。
10.（2021年浙江卷6月）
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
26. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. recrdsB. predictsC. delaysD. cnfirms
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth f the Wrld Netwrk (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“recrds”意思一致。故选A项。
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