新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题08 推理判断题 （讲义） （2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题08 推理判断题 （讲义） （2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题08推理判断题讲义原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题08推理判断题讲义解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共74页， 欢迎下载使用。

01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点一 推理判断题
【高考解密】
命题点01 逻辑推断题
命题点02 观点态度题
命题点03写作意图题
命题点04文章出处题和读者对象题
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 推理判断三大易错陷阱
05创新好题·分层练
命题点01 逻辑推断题
典例01
【2023年新高考I卷B篇】 “Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
27. What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water t survive.
C. Life n Earth is diverse.D. Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
典例02
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷 D】Para4:Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a“nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Para5: Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
Para6:“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
34.What can we learn frm the example given in Paragraph 5?
A.Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B.Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different frms.
D.The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
【答案】C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段中给出的例子“…the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.”可知,沿水边散步的体验对周末在公园徒步旅行的年轻职业人士来说可能是令人满足的。在工作日回到市中心,在午餐时间沿着喷泉散步也能享受到这种互动形式。由此可知,相同的自然体验可以采用不同的形式。故选C项。
典例03
【2023·全国甲卷D篇】, if precautins(预防) aren?t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme,smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,” says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.
35.What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A.Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.
B.Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.
C.A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.
D.Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了灰熊数量在美国的变化以及其背后的原因。
35.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容,尤其是James Jnkel的话“Our hpe is t have a clean,attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits…” 可知,通过预防措施,灰熊就不会学到坏习惯,人们就可以与灰熊和谐共处。故选B。
命题点02 观点态度题
典例01
【2023年新高考II卷D篇】In a fllw-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
典例02
【2023年1月·浙江卷B篇】
Para3： Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back. I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars, and have s little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.
Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
As yu make yur lifestyle changes, yu may find yurself wanting t speak up fr yurself if thers cmment n what yu’re ding, which can turn itself int a whle husehld debate. If yu have individuals wh are nt n bard, yur wrds prbably wn’t d much and can ften leave yu feeling mre discuraged.
S here is my advice: Lead by actin.
25．What was the attitude f the authr’s father tward buying grceries with jars?
A．He disapprved f it.B．He was favrable t it.
C．He was tlerant f it.D．He didn’t care abut it.
【答案】 25．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.(几天后，我带着第一罐零废物杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。结果有点令人沮丧)”可推知，作者的父亲不赞成用罐子买食品杂货。故选A。
典例03
【2021年新高考I卷之D篇】
Para3：Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
34. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.
C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
【答案】34. A
【解析】推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. …The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
命题点03写作意图题
典例01
【2023年新高考II卷B篇】 Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
26. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn’s research plans.B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
【答案】B
【详解】推理判断题。根据“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
典例02
【2023年1月·浙江卷C】
Para1 : A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
28．Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．T explain the use f a sftware prgram.
B．T shw the cleverness f Prject Debater.
C．T intrduce the designer f Prject Debater.
D．T emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
【答案】28．B
【文章大意】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Prject Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Na Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Na Ovadia的目的是展示Prject Debater的聪明。故选B。
典例03
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷C】
Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks”, artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks—transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
31.What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A.The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.
B.Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C.Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.
D.Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
31.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader.”(过去曾经认为持续发展的通讯技术将使印刷页面过时。从21世纪的角度来看,印刷书籍确实是古老的,但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。)可推知,作者提到电子阅读器是为了说明印刷的书并没有完全过时。故选A项。
命题点04文章出处题和读者对象题
典例01
（2023年新高考II卷C篇片段）Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins.
8. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.D. A review f mdern paintings.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. (Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及第二段第一句“In this bk f bks”可推知，本文最有可能出自一世界各地的收藏品的一本书。故选A。
典例02
（2023年新高考I卷A篇片段）
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
21．Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A．A textbk.B．An exam paper.C．A curse plan.D．An academic article.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade f fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。由此推知，本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
Ⅰ逻辑推断题
常见的设问方式：
1. What can be inferred abut the
2．What can be inferred abut the last paragraph?
3．What can we learn frm
4．What can we infer abut frm the text?
解题指导：
浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项
抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；
整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。
Ⅱ 观点态度题
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如pssible, impssible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
解题指导：
认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向
关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点
注意作者或文中人物的措辞
分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；
牢记观点态度的常见词语
Ⅲ 写作意图题
常见的设问方式：
What is the main purpse f the authr writing the text?
The purpse f the text is t get mre peple t _______.
The writer f the stry wants t tell us that________.
The fact…is mentined by the authr t shw________.
The authr writers the last paragraph in rder t ________.
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（t tell a stry, t entertain readers, t share an experience...）；
应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（t sell, t attract, t persuade, t prmte...）
说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（t intrduce, t explain, t infrm, t make cmparisns...）；
议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
Ⅳ文章出处题和读者对象题
解题指导：
根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象
根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题
广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；
报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主；
杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；
产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；
药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；
网络：文体不限，找到click here，dwnlad，up­lad，link，muse, surf等网络标志
考向01-逻辑推断题
【2023届福建省厦门一中高三二模试题C篇片段】
T much time spent n gaming, smartphnes and watching televisin is linked t heightened levels and diagnses (诊断) f anxiety r depressin in children as yung as age 2, accrding t a new study.
What d we knw abut Twenge and Campbell’s study accrding t paragraph 2?
A．It requires further research.
B．It brings children less cmfrt.
C．It needs greater ability t finish.
D．It generates mre public cncern.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They were particularly interested in assciatins between screen time and diagnses f anxiety and depressin in yuth, which has nt yet been studied in great detail.(他们对屏幕使用时间与青少年焦虑和抑郁诊断之间的关系特别感兴趣，这一点尚未得到详细研究。)”可推断，Twenge和Campbell的研究还需要更进一步。故选A。
考向02-观点态度题
【2023上·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中片段】
Ali Amiri at Aalt University in Finland says the reprt’s cnclusins abut emissins frm rising demand are prbably crrect, but the stry is different fr wd we already harvest. “Bsting the efficiency f current harvests and using mre wd fr lnger lived purpses than paper wuld cut emissins,” he says. “We cannt just say we shuld stp using wd.”
9．What is Ali Amiri’s attitude tward the new result?
A．Favrable.B．Dubtful.C．Critical.D．Objective.
【答案】 D
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Ali Amiri at Aalt University in Finland says the reprt’s cnclusins abut emissins frm rising demand are prbably crrect, but the stry is different fr wd we already harvest. ‘Bsting the efficiency f current harvests and using mre wd fr lnger lived purpses than paper wuld cut emissins,’ he says.‘We cannt just say we shuld stp using wd.’(芬兰阿尔托大学（Aalt University）的阿里·阿梅里（Ali Amiri）说，该报告关于需求增长导致的排放的结论可能是正确的，但我们已经收获的木材的情况不同。他说，提高当前收成的效率并将更多的木材用于比纸张更长久的用途将减少排放。我们不能只是说我们应该停止使用木材)”可知，Ali Amiri对此研究结果有一定的肯定性，但是他又表示我们不能说我们就应该停止使用木材。故他对此研究结果从正反两方面都进行了说明，其态度是客观公正的。故选D项。
考向03-写作意图题
【2023届湖南省九校联盟第二次联考英语试题片段】“Hw beautiful the jasmine (茉莉花) is! A sweet smell cvers the budding twigs. S fragrant, s white, admired by all lips.” The famed Chinese flk sng Jasmine Flwer has reached a glbal audience with its beautiful meldy and lyrics. Equally ppular is the traditinally made Jasmine tea, whse elegant fragrance and mellw taste fascinate cuntless tea drinkers.
What is the authr’s purpse f quting the sng Jasmine Flwer?
A．T tell us nt t neglect the sng.
B．T shw the ppularity f the sng.
C．T intrduce the tpic—Jasmine tea.
D．T clarify the rigin f Jasmine tea.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据“The famed Chinese flk sng Jasmine Flwer has reached a glbal audience with its beautiful meldy and lyrics. Equally ppular is the traditinally made Jasmine tea, whse elegant fragrance and mellw taste fascinate cuntless tea drinkers.(中国著名民歌《茉莉花》以其优美的旋律和歌词赢得了全球观众的喜爱。同样受欢迎的是传统的茉莉花茶，其优雅的香气和醇香的口感吸引了无数饮茶者)”以及下文对传统茉莉花茶的详细介绍，可知本文第一段段首用著名的中国民歌《茉莉花》来引出文章主题——茉莉花茶。故选C。
考向04-文章出处题和读者对象题
【2023上·山东青岛·高三统考期中片段】The film Lunana: A Yak (牦牛) in the Classrm, nminated fr an Oscar in the Best Internatinal Feature categry, traces the year-lng transfrmative jurney f a yung Bhutanese teacher, Ugyen. Bhutanese writer and directr Paw Chyning’s first film is set in the real village f Lunana, a remte cmmunity f nmadic yak herders situated at a dizzying altitude f mre than 11,000 feet.
4．Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A．A blg n travelling.B．An intrductin t a film.
C．A guidebk t Himalayas.D．A bigraphy f a directr.
【答案】4．B
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“The film Lunana: A Yak (牦牛) in the Classrm, nminated fr an Oscar in the Best Internatinal Feature categry, traces the year-lng transfrmative jurney f a yung Bhutanese teacher, Ugyen. Bhutanese writer and directr Paw Chyning’s first film is set in the real village f Lunana, a remte cmmunity f nmadic yak herders situated at a dizzying altitude f mre than 11,000 feet.(获得奥斯卡最佳国际长片提名的影片《卢娜娜：教室里的一头牦牛》，讲述了一位年轻的不丹教师乌金长达一年的变革之旅。不丹作家兼导演Paw Chyning的第一部电影以真实的村庄Lunana为背景，这是一个偏远的游牧牦牛牧民社区，海拔超过11,000英尺。)”可知，这篇文章最有可能摘自一份电影介绍。故选B
推理判断三大易错陷阱
【易错陷阱一】 观点态度要理清
【2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考片段】
But, it desn't have t be all bad news. “One majr mtivatin in studying the link between climate change and human-wildlife cnflicts is finding slutins,” said Abrahms. “As we learn abut specific incidents, we can identify patterns and tends-and cme up with interventins(干预) t try t address these cnflicts.”
Sme interventins maybe as simple as public-awareness campaigns. Gvernments can als plan frties when extreme climate events will bring peple and wild if e int clser cntact. “Once yu knw the rt causes f a cnflict, yu can design interventins t help bth peple and wildlife,” said Abrahms. “We can change.”
What des Abrahms think f interventins?
A. They are t simple.B. They are ut-f-date.
C. They are changeable.D. They are beneficial.
易错分析：拘泥于找到原词，不能从话语中推理作者真正的态度，从而无中生有，仅凭现实生活主观臆断。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Abrahms认为，一旦你知道冲突的根本原因，你就可以设计干预措施，以帮助人类和野生动物。据此可知，他认为干预措施是有益的。
【易错陷阱二】 写作目的要分明
【2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考片段】
Navigating grwing up alngside academic demands is a difficult phase f life fr anyne. “The hardest part f having dyscalculia in my K-12 experience was dealing with a disability n tp f the nrmal aspects f grwing up,” Cladek said. “Grwing up with dyscalculia greatly affected myself-wrth and nt feeling like I am enugh,” said Cladek, wh is nw a cllege student. “If l culd nly be able t fit in with the rest f the kids and nt have this anxiety and frustratin every time I lk at a math prblem n my wrksheet, then I’ll be enugh, which was a cmmn thught I had.”
What des the authr want t say by men tning Cladek's experience?
A. Cladek has fantastic memries f schling.
B. It's better t have dyscalculia diagnsed earlier.
C. Grwing up with dyscalculia is a big challenge.
D. Academic demands utweigh struggling with dyscalculia.
易错分析：原文对应均是长难句，容易错误分析句子结构导致不理解句意，更不能推断出其深层含义。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Cladek说的话“Grwing up with dyscalculia greatly affected myself-wrth and nt feeling like I am enugh，”可知，患有计算障碍的成长极大地影响了Cladek的自我价值，总感觉自己不够好。由此可知，对一个成长过程中的人来说“数盲症”是一个巨大的挑战。
【易错陷阱三】 文章出处和读者对象勿混淆
【湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试片段】
When yu think abut it, fd is an imprtant part f ur lives. Family gatherings center arund fd and the celebratin f majr life events and milestnes invlves fd in ne way r anther. The same hlds true fr us here n the Space Statin. Fd is imprtant and ends up usually being a tpic f discussin fr almst every crew.
Our fd als cmes packaged in many ways. But n matter what the frm f the fd thugh, yu still have the same prblem eating it- - yu d nt want it flying away frm yu and making a mess when yu pen it up. In this case a little bit f extra water is extremely helpful. It keeps the fd kind f sticking tgether and t the package and t yur spn. Small things d escape frm time t time, but we really try hard t minimize the randm flying fd prblem. That is enugh fr nw! Next time I will write abut hw t ck in space.
Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A．A fd magazine.B．An astrnaut’s jurnal.
C．A sci-fi handbk.D．A space histry website.
易错分析：对生活常识记日志不熟悉，且第一段细节us here n the Space Statin未能正确理解。
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The same hlds true fr us here n the Space Statin. (对于在空间站的我们而言也是如此。)”, 以及最后一段中的“Next time I will write abut hw t ck in space. (下次我会写一写在太空烹饪的事情。)”可以得知,本文以第一人称来陈述太空饮食方面的内容，因此本文应该是一篇宇航员的太空日志。故选B。
（2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）
It’s gd t be smart. After all, intelligent peple earn mre mney, accumulate mre wealth, and even live lnger. But there’s anther side t the stry. The brightest peple and strngest leaders smetimes make errrs thers dn’t, especially in situatins that require cmmn sense.
Travis Bradberry, president at TalentSmart, explained in his pst Why Smart Peple Act S Stupid that “Ratinal thinking (理性思维) and intelligence dn’t tend t g hand in hand. Intelligent peple are mre likely t make silly mistakes because f blind spts in hw they use lgic. These blind spts exist because smart peple tend t be vercnfident in their reasning abilities.” They are s used t being right and having quick answers that they dn’t even realize when they’re making a mess by answering withut thinking things thrugh.
A lifetime f praise leads smart peple t develp t much faith in their intelligence and abilities. They ften fail t recgnize when they need help, and when they d recgnize it, they tend t believe that n ne else is capable f prviding it.
“It’s hard fr anyne t graciusly accept the fact that they’re wrng. It’s even harder fr smart peple because they grw s used t being right all the time that it becmes a part f their identity,” Bradberry wrte. “Fr smart peple, being wrng can feel like a persnal attack, and being right, a necessity.”
Smart peple als have a hard time accepting feedback. They tend t undervalue the pinins f thers, which means they have truble believing that anyne is qualified t give them useful feedback. Nt nly des this tendency slw their grwth and perfrmance, it can lead t harmful relatinships, bth persnally and prfessinally.
Smart peple develp verachieving persnalities because things cme s easily t them. They simply dn’t understand hw hard sme peple have t wrk t accmplish the same things, and because f that, they push peple t hard. They set the bar t high, and when peple take t lng r dn’t get things quite right, they assume it’s due t a lack f effrt. S they push even harder.
1．What d we learn frm the passage abut the brightest peple?
A．They can differ in their persnalities.
B．They are admired by peple arund them.
C．They usually face their wn weaknesses calmly.
D．They can make silly mistakes in straightfrward situatins.
2．What accunts fr the existence f intelligent peple’s lgical blind spts?
A．Their irratinal way f thinking.B．T much cncern abut their wrk.
C．T much faith in their ability t think.D．Their ignrance f behaviral science.
3．What may happen t smart peple wh find it difficult t accept suggestins?
A．They may experience a lt f emtinal stress.
B．They may cmmit mre errrs than ever befre.
C．They may lse faith in their administrative abilities.
D．They may suffer in their prfessinal and private life.
4．What is said abut thse wrking with r under verachieving peple?
A．They are under increasing pressure.B．They set higher gals fr themselves.
C．They put a lt f effrt int their wrk.D．They take less time t get things dne.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最聪明的人和最强大的领导者有时会犯别人不会犯的错误的原因。
1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The brightest peple and strngest leaders smetimes make errrs thers dn’t, especially in situatins that require cmmn sense. (最聪明的人和最强大的领导者有时会犯别人不会犯的错误，尤其是在需要常识的情况下。)”可知，最聪明的人会在简单的情况下犯愚蠢的错误。故选D。
2．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Intelligent peple are mre likely t make silly mistakes because f blind spts in hw they use lgic. These blind spts exist because smart peple tend t be vercnfident in their reasning abilities.” (聪明的人更容易犯愚蠢的错误，因为他们在使用逻辑方面存在盲点。这些盲点的存在是因为聪明人往往对自己的推理能力过于自信。)”可知，聪明人的逻辑盲点在于太相信他们的思考能力了。故选C。
3．细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段中“Nt nly des this tendency slw their grwth and perfrmance, it can lead t harmful relatinships, bth persnally and prfessinally. (这种倾向不仅会减缓他们的成长和表现，还会导致有害的人际关系，无论是个人关系还是职业关系。)”可知，聪明的人很难接受建议这导致他们可能会在职业和私人生活中遭受痛苦。故选D。
4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Smart peple develp verachieving persnalities because things cme s easily t them. They simply dn’t understand hw hard sme peple have t wrk t accmplish the same things, and because f that, they push peple t hard. They set the bar t high, and when peple take t lng r dn’t get things quite right, they assume it’s due t a lack f effrt. S they push even harder. (聪明的人会发展出超常的个性，因为事情对他们来说太容易了。他们只是不理解有些人为了完成同样的事情需要付出多大的努力，正因为如此，他们对人们的要求过于严格。他们设定的标准太高，当人们花太长时间或没有把事情做好时，他们会认为这是由于缺乏努力。所以他们会更加努力。)”可知，对于那些与成就超常的人一起工作的人，他们承受着越来越大的压力。故选A。
（2023上·江苏·高三马坝高中校考期中）
Pickled (腌制的) vegetables, fish and meat preserved in salt, and bread baked in a circle with a hle in the middle (e.g. bagels), were nce the fds fr the pr f all backgrunds in central and eastern Eurpe. But it was Jewish immigrants (犹太移民) wh brught these recipes t the West, particularly t America, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Bagels and pickled fds became mainstays f Jewish deli (熟食店) cuisine,which are the subject f an exhibitin at the New-Yrk Histrical Sciety called “I’ll Have What She’s Having”. The exhibitin implicitly (含蓄地) asks whether a cuisine that has been enjyed by millins and helped define the taste f New Yrk City cntinues t be lively tday.
There is a distinctly sad tne t it. Thugh sme fds exist ver several decades, the number f Jewish delis in America has drpped sharply. Black-and-white pictures f lng-gne peple eating at lng-gne places line the exhibitin’s walls. After all, the Jewish deli is a prduct f a bygne era,shaped by immigratin, discriminatin and inner-city life. As immigrants’ children fit in with the lcals and mved away, the deli became ne f many dining chices — less a center f cmmunal Jewish life and mre a pleasant place t ccasinally cat and talk abut the past.
Meanwhile, deli fd itself has crssed its limits. Fr a while, McDnald’s in Germany ffered a “Grilled Texas Bagel”. That is a senseless phrase t a deli expert: a decent bagel belngs nwhere near a grill and has nthing t d with Texas. But it suggests that bagels — like pizza, ht dgs and ther fds nce nly cnsumed by particular ethnicities — nw cme acrss less as specifically Jewish than as bradly American.
The mst hpeful part f the exhibit is at the end: a case f menus frm mdern delis acrss the cuntry. They were funded by yung Jewish chefs determined t keep their culinary (烹饪的) traditins alive — nt because discriminatin left them n ther way ut, but because the fd is delicius, inspiring, and an irreplaceable part f America’s culinary landscape.
5．What is the theme f this exhibitin?
A．The histry f New Yrk.
B．The fds f Jewish delis.
C．The recipes fr Jewish fds.
D．The Jewish cmmunities in New Yrk.
6．What des paragraph 3 tell us abut the Jewish delis in America?
A．They cannt prvide delivery service.
B．They have lst their riginal special flavr.
C．They dn’t suit the tastes f yung Jewish peple.
D．They can bring back memries f Jewish immigrants.
7．What des the name f “Grilled Texas Bagel” imply?
A．Deli experts aren’t big fans f meaningless names.
B．Peple think bagels are mre f an American fd.
C．Texans aren’t very gd at baking satisfactry bagels.
D．McDnald’s in Germany prefers American fds t Jewish nes.
8．Hw d yung Jewish chefs feel abut their traditinal fd?
A．Prud.B．Wrried.C．Carefree.D．Disappinted.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了纽约历史学会举办的以犹太熟食店为主题的展览。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Bagels and pickled fds became mainstays f Jewish deli (熟食店) cuisine, which are the subject f an exhibitin at the New-Yrk Histrical Sciety called ‘I’ll Have What She’s Having’.(百吉饼和腌制食物成为犹太熟食的主流，这是纽约历史学会的一个名为‘我要吃她点的东西’的展览主题)”可知，该展览的主题是犹太熟食店的食物，故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Black-and-white pictures f lng-gne peple eating at lng-gne places line the exhibitin’s walls.(展览的墙上挂着很久以前的人们在很久以前的地方吃饭的黑白照片)”和“As immigrants’ children fit in with the lcals and mved away, the deli became ne f many dining chices — less a center f cmmunal Jewish life and mre a pleasant place t ccasinally cat and talk abut the past.(随着移民的孩子们适应了当地人的生活，搬走了，这家熟食店成为了众多就餐选择之一——它不再是犹太人共同生活的中心，而更像是一个偶尔聊天和谈论过去的愉快场所)”可知，美国的犹太熟食店能唤起犹太移民的回忆，故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Fr a while, McDnald’s in Germany ffered a ‘Grilled Texas Bagel’. That is a senseless phrase t a deli expert: a decent bagel belngs nwhere near a grill and has nthing t d with Texas. But it suggests that bagels — like pizza, ht dgs and ther fds nce nly cnsumed by particular ethnicities — nw cme acrss less as specifically Jewish than as bradly American.(有一段时间，麦当劳在德国提供‘烤德克萨斯百吉饼’。对于一个熟食店专家来说，这是一个毫无意义的组合：一个体面的百吉饼不属于烤架附近，也与德克萨斯州无关。但它表明，像披萨、热狗和其他曾经只被特定种族消费的食物一样，百吉饼现在与其说是代表着具体的犹太人，不如说是代表着广泛的美国人)”可知，“烤德克萨斯百吉饼”这个名字表明人们认为百吉饼更像是美国食物，故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The mst hpeful part f the exhibit is at the end: a case f menus frm mdern delis acrss the cuntry. They were funded by yung Jewish chefs determined t keep their culinary (烹饪的) traditins alive — nt because discriminatin left them n ther way ut, but because the fd is delicius, inspiring, and an irreplaceable part f America’s culinary landscape.(展览最有希望的部分是在最后：一箱现代熟食店的菜单。他们是由年轻的犹太厨师创立的，他们决心保持自己的烹饪传统——不是因为偏见让他们没有其他出路，而是因为食物美味，令人振奋，是美国烹饪景观中不可替代的一部分)”可知，犹太厨师认为犹太食物美味且令人振奋，是美国烹饪景观中不可替代的一部分，故犹太厨师对他们的传统食物感到骄傲，故选A。
（2023上·江苏·高三马坝高中校考期中）
Sam Shepler was nt surprised the first time he was asked t make a vide resume (简历) in 2021. The 32-year-ld had nticed the trend grwing in the previus year, and was applying fr a vide-editing rle. The rle did nt require any public speaking, and Shepler had n experience talking abut himself n camera. Even thugh he gt the jb, the prcess felt mre burdensme than usual. “I hnestly prefer the ld-fashined resume and interview, ” he says.
A recent survey shwed that 79% f hiring managers thught that vide resumes had becme “mre imprtant” than befre fr vetting (审查) candidates, and 61% f jb seekers thught “ a recrded vide culd be the next versin f the traditinal cver letter”. As remte wrk has made vide an increasingly cmmn part f life at wrk, are vide resumes the future—whether candidates want them t be r nt?
Chle Chiy, 22, believes a vide resume was crucial in helping her secure her first jb after university. “It was a decisin n my part t submit a vide resume,” says the Taipei-based digital marketing crdinatr, wh wrks remtely fr a UK-based cmpany. The jb advertisement nly stated that a resume was required. “Being a fresh graduate, I knew experience was my majr disadvantage. I think shwing my persnality and attitude in the vide helped my applicatin.” She als made sure t emphasise skills relevant t the rle, including screenshts f articles she had written, clips (片段) f her public speaking, and shwing ff her vide-editing abilities.
Chiy’s apprach made use f sme f the distinct benefits f vide resumes, says recruitment (招聘) specialist Jan Tegze. This can be particularly helpful fr applicants with little experience applying in cmpetitive fields wh need an extra edge t secure a rle. He als mentins that he cannt see the vide resume replacing its written cunterpart (相对物) any time sn. “Recruitment really hasn’t changed fr decades. We are using different tls that are a little bit faster, but it’s still abut human interactin,” he says.
9．What des paragraph 1 tell us abut Sam Shepler?
A．He felt awkward in frnt f a camera.
B．He was inexperienced in editing vides.
C．He liked the traditinal hiring prcess better.
D．He applied fr a jb that valued public speaking.
10．What des the data in paragraph 2 imply?
A．Mst candidates n lnger use cver letters.
B．There is a grwing demand fr vide resumes.
C．Mst hiring managers screen candidates via vide.
D．Vide becmes a cmmn part f remte wrking.
11．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Chle Chiy?
A．Brave and ptimistic.
B．Selfless and plite.
C．Hnest and independent.
D．Creative and smart.
12．What might Jan Tegze agree with?
A．Written resumes wn’t be replaced in the shrt term.
B．Using different tls can speed up the selectin f talents.
C．Virtual hiring is particularly ppular in cmpetitive fields.
D．Sending a vide resume isn’t very helpful fr fresh graduates.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着远程工作使视频成为工作生活中越来越常见的一部分，无论候选人是否希望视频简历成为未来招聘流程的一部分，都无可否认越来越多的招聘者倾向于要求求职者提供视频简历。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“I hnestly prefer the ld-fashined resume and interview(老实说，我更喜欢老式的简历和面试)”可知，Sam Shepler更喜欢传统的招聘流程，故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段“A recent survey shwed that 79% f hiring managers thught that vide resumes had becme “mre imprtant” than befre fr vetting (审查) candidates, and 61% f jb seekers thught “ a recrded vide culd be the next versin f the traditinal cver letter”.(最近的一项调查显示，79%的招聘经理认为视频简历在审查候选人方面比以前“更重要”，61%的求职者认为“录制的视频可能是传统求职信的下一个版本”)”可知，第二段通过数字展示了更多的人倾向于使用视频简历，可推理出对视频简历的需求越来越大，故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I knew experience was my majr disadvantage. I think shwing my persnality and attitude in the vide helped my applicatin(我知道经验是我的主要缺点。我认为在视频中展示我的个性和态度有助于我的申请)”可推理出Chle Chiy很有智慧，根据倒数第二段“She als made sure t emphasise skills relevant t the rle, including screenshts f articles she had written, clips(片段) f her public speaking, and shwing ff her vide-editing abilities(她还确保强调与这个角色相关的技能，包括她写的文章的截图、公开演讲的片段，以及展示她的视频编辑能力)”可推理出Chle Chiy富有创造力，故选D项。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“He als mentins that he cannt see the vide resume replacing its written cunterpart (相对物) any time sn.(他还提到，他看不到视频简历在短期内取代书面简历)”可知，Jan Tegze认为书面简历短期内不会被替换，故选A项。
（2023上·江苏徐州·高三统考期中）
Is future yu…yu? It might seem like a strange philsphical questin. But the answer t hw yu think abut yur future self culd make the difference between decisins yu ultimately find satisfying and nes yu might eventually regret.
The brain patterns that emerge n an MRI (核磁共振) when peple think abut their future selves mst resemble the brain patterns that arise when they think abut strangers. This finding suggests that, in the mind’s eye, ur future selves lk like ther peple. If yu see future yu as a different persn, why shuld yu save mney, eat healthier r exercise mre regularly t benefit that stranger?
Hwever, if yu see the interests f yur distant self as mre like thse f yur present self, yu are cnsiderably mre likely t d things tday that benefit yu tmrrw. A paper in the jurnal PLOS One revealed that cllege students wh experienced a greater sense f cnnectin and similarity t their future selves were mre likely t achieve academic success. Relatinships with ur future selves als matter fr general psychlgical well-being. In a prject led by Jseph Reiff, which includes 5,000 adults age 20 t 75, he fund that thse wh perceived a great verlap (重叠) in traits between their current and future selves ended up being mre satisfied with their lives 10 years after filling ut the initial survey.
S hw can we better befriend ur future selves and feel mre cnnected t their fates? The psychlgical mindset with what we call “vividness interventins” wrks. We have fund, fr instance, that shwing peple images f their lder, grayer selves increases intentins t save fr the lng term. Besides, yu might try writing a letter t—and then frm—yur future self. As demnstrated by Yuta Chishima and Anne Wilsn in their 2020 study in the jurnal Self and Identity, when high-schl students engaged in this type f “send-and-reply” exercise, they experienced elevated levels f feelings f similarity with their future selves.
Letter-writing and visualizatin exercises are just a cuple f ways we can cnnect with ur future selves and beynd, but the larger lessn here is clear: If we can treat ur distant selves as if they are peple we lve, care abut and want t supprt, we can start making chices fr them that imprve ur lives—bth tday and tmrrw.
13．What’s the functin f paragraph 2?
A．Generating further discussin.B．Intrducing a research result.
C．Shwing the effect f the finding.D．Cncluding varius viewpints.
14．Hw des the authr prve his statements?
A．By ffering relevant statistics.B．By using qutatins.
C．By referring t previus findings.D．By making cmparisns.
15．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Benefits f befriending ur future selves.B．Ways f cnnecting with ur future selves.
C．Methds f changing psychlgical mindsets.D．Pssibilities f us becming ur future selves.
16．What des the article want t tell us?
A．Making future plans makes a difference.B．Our future selves lk like ther peple.
C．Getting t knw yur future self benefits.D．Yur chice determines future happiness.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．B 16．D
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了与未来自己建立联系的好处，如何与未来的自己建立联系，并为未来做出有益的选择。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“The brain patterns that emerge n an MRI (核磁共振) when peple think abut their future selves mst resemble the brain patterns that arise when they think abut strangers. This finding suggests that, in the mind’s eye, ur future selves lk like ther peple. If yu see future yu as a different persn, why shuld yu save mney, eat healthier r exercise mre regularly t benefit that stranger?(当人们想到未来的自己时，核磁共振成像显示的大脑模式与他们想到陌生人时的大脑模式最相似。这一发现表明，在大脑眼中，我们未来的自己看起来和其他人很像。如果你把未来的自己看作是一个不同的人，为什么你要为了那个陌生人而存钱、吃得更健康或更有规律地锻炼呢？)”可知，本段通过设问来引出下文，产生进一步的讨论，为什么要和未来的自己建立联系。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“A paper in the jurnal PLOS One revealed that cllege students wh experienced a greater sense f cnnectin and similarity t their future selves were mre likely t achieve academic success. Relatinships with ur future selves als matter fr general psychlgical well-being. In a prject led by Jseph Reiff, which includes 5,000 adults age 20 t 75, he fund that thse wh perceived a great verlap (重叠) in traits between their current and future selves ended up being mre satisfied with their lives 10 years after filling ut the initial survey.(发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》(PLOS One)杂志上的一篇论文显示，与未来的自己有更强联系感和相似性的大学生更有可能取得学业上的成功。与未来自我的关系也关系到整体的心理健康。在约瑟夫·赖夫(Jseph Reiff)领导的一个项目中，他对5000名年龄在20岁到75岁之间的成年人进行了调查。他发现，那些认为现在的自己和未来的自己在特征上有很大重合的人，在填写最初的调查问卷10年后，对自己的生活更满意)”可知，作者通过参考先前的发现来证明他的陈述。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第四段“S hw can we better befriend ur future selves and feel mre cnnected t their fates? The psychlgical mindset with what we call “vividness interventins” wrks. We have fund, fr instance, that shwing peple images f their lder, grayer selves increases intentins t save fr the lng term. Besides, yu might try writing a letter t—and then frm—yur future self. As demnstrated by Yuta Chishima and Anne Wilsn in their 2020 study in the jurnal Self and Identity, when high-schl students engaged in this type f “send-and-reply” exercise, they experienced elevated levels f feelings f similarity with their future selves.(那么，我们如何才能更好地与未来的自己交朋友，并与他们的命运更紧密地联系在一起呢？我们称之为“生动干预”的心理心态起作用了。例如，我们发现，向人们展示他们年老、白发苍苍的自己的照片会增加他们长期储蓄的意愿。此外，你可以试着给未来的自己写封信。正如Yuta Chishima和Anne Wilsn在2020年发表在《自我与身份》(Self and Identity)杂志上的研究中所表明的那样，当高中生进行这种“发送和回复”的练习时，他们会感受到与未来自我的相似性)”可知，本段主要介绍了与未来的自己联系的方式。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Letter-writing and visualizatin exercises are just a cuple f ways we can cnnect with ur future selves and beynd, but the larger lessn here is clear: If we can treat ur distant selves as if they are peple we lve, care abut and want t supprt, we can start making chices fr them that imprve ur lives—bth tday and tmrrw.(写信和想象练习只是我们与未来的自己以及未来的自己联系的几种方式，但这里更大的教训很清楚：如果我们能把遥远的自己当作我们爱的、关心的、想要支持的人来对待，我们就能开始为他们做出改善我们生活的选择——无论是今天还是明天)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了你的选择决定未来的幸福。故选D项。
（2023上·辽宁·高三校联考期中）
D yu have frightening dreams while sleeping? Accrding t an email interview by clinical psychlgist and sleep expert Dr. Michael Breus, rughly 5 percent f the general ppulatin has at least ne bad dream per week. Nightmares typically happen during REM sleep, during the middle and later parts f the night.
There is n exact explanatin fr nightmares, but Breus says it’s pssible that they help the brain practise, prepare fr and even predict difficult r dangerus experiences in waking life. Of curse, it’s pssible that nightmares, like dreams in general, dn’t have a primary functin — that they’re a by-prduct f ther activities in the bdy. But mst sleep scientists think that dreams and nightmares exist fr sme purpses.
One study fund the mst cmmn nightmare was falling, fllwed by dreams f being chased, feeling lst, and feeling trapped. Then why d nightmares happen?
“Certain circumstances and characteristics make sme peple mre likely t have nightmares than thers,” says sleep medicine specialist Dr. Barry Krakw. He thinks peple wh’ve been traumatized (使受精神创伤) are certainly at a higher risk f nightmares Examples are ffered f thse wh have suffered criminal attacks, r wh have been in life-threatening accidents. Peple with sme degree f sensitivity in their bilgical make-up are als mre likely t have bad dreams, s they’re mre cmmn in peple wh suffer frm anxiety r depressin, r wh use excess drugs r alchl. The traditinal belief ften has it that nightmares are the result f eating t much rich fd befre bedtime, but it is still uncertain whether this is true. One study frm 2015 did find a link between eating dairy r ht fds befre bedtime and having disturbing dreams, but the study authrs nted that this culdn’t be prven definitely because the data was self-reprted and there were a lt f ther factrs t cnsider.
Hwever, research in recent decades has shwn that peple wh suffer frm sleep disrders are als mre likely t have nightmares.
17．What may Dr. Breus agree with abut nightmares?
A．They happen fr certain purpses.B．They are similar t daydreams.
C．They pssibly help predict future events.D．They cme true nce in a while.
18．Wh des Dr. Krakw think tends t suffer nightmares?
A．Jhn wh ften stays up late.B．Peter wh has had terrible experiences.
C．Jack wh is sensitive t alchl.D．Paul wh sleeps sundly at night.
19．Hw des the traditinal belief explain nightmares?
A．They are ften caused by irregular bedtimes.
B．They are based n disturbing life experiences.
C．They are the cnsequence f negative feelings.
D．They are related t what is taken befre bedtime.
20．Frm which sectin f a website is the text prbably taken?
A．Mental health.B．Life experiences.C．Eating habits.D．Ppular culture.
【答案】17．C 18．B 19．D 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家对于做噩梦原因的分析以及一些导致做噩梦的因素。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“There is n exact explanatin fr nightmares, but Breus says it’s pssible that they help the brain practise, prepare fr and even predict difficult r dangerus experiences in waking life.(关于噩梦，目前还没有确切的解释，但布鲁斯说，噩梦可能有助于大脑练习、准备，甚至预测醒着的生活中困难或危险的经历)”可知，布鲁斯博士认同噩梦可能有助于预测未来的事件。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“He thinks peple wh’ve been traumatized (使受精神创伤) are certainly at a higher risk f nightmares Examples are ffered f thse wh have suffered criminal attacks, r wh have been in life-threatening accidents.(他认为，受到精神创伤的人做噩梦的风险肯定更高，比如那些遭受过犯罪袭击的人，或者遭遇过危及生命的事故的人)”可推知，Krakw会认为有过可怕经历的彼得更容易做噩梦。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“One study frm 2015 did find a link between eating dairy r ht fds befre bedtime and having disturbing dreams, but the study authrs nted that this culdn’t be prven definitely because the data was self-reprted and there were a lt f ther factrs t cnsider.(2015年的一项研究确实发现了睡前吃乳制品或热食物与做噩梦之间的联系，但研究作者指出，这并不能得到肯定的证明，因为数据是自我报告的，还有很多其他因素需要考虑)”可知，传统观念认为噩梦与睡前吃的东西有关。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段“D yu have frightening dreams while sleeping? Accrding t an email interview by clinical psychlgist and sleep expert Dr. Michael Breus, rughly 5 percent f the general ppulatin has at least ne bad dream per week. Nightmares typically happen during REM sleep, during the middle and later parts f the night.(你睡觉时会做可怕的梦吗？根据临床心理学家和睡眠专家Michael Breus博士的电子邮件采访，大约5%的人每周至少做一次噩梦。噩梦通常发生在快速眼动睡眠期间，在夜间的中段和后期)”结合文章主要说明了科学家对于做噩梦原因的分析以及一些导致做噩梦的因素。可推知，文章选自网站的“心理健康”部分。故选A。
（2023上·北京·高三北京市第十三中学校考期中）
Adam Zibluk is a 15-year-ld Life Scut (童子军) in Trp 70 in Newtwn, CT. He was als recently the Trp’s Senir Patrl Leader, the highest ranking by in the trp!
Last summer, he, alng with 15 ther bys frm the Trp cmpleted scuting’s greatest adventure, backpacking ver 50 miles in 7 days in the wilderness at the Philmnt Scut Ranch in New Mexic!
While Adam’s Scuting achievements are impressive n their wn, his time in Scuts has nt always been s easy. Adam has hemphilia, a medical cnditin that can cause severe bleeding frm even a slight injury. And as a By Scut, spending much time ut in the wilderness, it is quite cmmn t get minr injuries. Because f his cnditin, Adam has had t miss sme Scuting activities ver the years.
The first few days f Adam’s backpacking in Philmnt went smth. But n the 3rd day, while unlading his gear at a remte campsite, he felt a sharp pain in his back.Adam tld the adult leaders abut his back and that he was starting t nt feel well.They made the decisin t call Philmnt base camp t seek medical attentin.
It was getting dark and rain threatened. Tw dctrs set ut int the night n backcuntry rads and then hiked in the last 1/2 mile t find Adam. They did sme tests and decided t take him back with them t base camp. It was a tugh mment fr Adam and fr the rest f the scut crew. While Adam returned t base camp, the rest f the bys backpacked n. T encurage Adam, they tk ne f his shirts with them and tk phts f it alng the way, which they sent t him.
A few days passed and Adam was feeling better. The dctrs cleared him t return t the backcuntry! Finally, Adam finished the trek with his crew. He is nw ne f the nly By Scuts with hemphilia t have ever participated in and cmpleted a Philmnt Trek.
What encuraged Adam t take n this challenge despite the risk? “I thught it wuld be fun and a gd thing t d as lng as I was prepared. And my parents have always encuraged me nt t let hemphilia be the nly factr in ANY decisin.”
21．What has stpped Adam frm participating in sme Scuting activities ver the years?
A．Inadequate trek experience.B．His fear f the wilderness.
C．Lack f camping skills.D．His health cnditin.
22．Why did Adam participate in this challenging activity?
A．He had a lve fr it.B．He was eager t be a leader.
C．He wanted t set a recrd.D．His parents decided fr him.
23．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Adam?
A．Athletic and ambitius.B．Cnsiderate and fearless.
C．Curageus and determined.D．Cnfident and knwledgeable.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了十五岁的童子军Adam克服重重困难，不畏艰险，完成了一项挑战的故事。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Adam has hemphilia, a medical cnditin that can cause severe bleeding frm even a slight injury.（Adam患有血友病，这种疾病即使是轻微的伤害也会导致严重的出血。）”和“Because f his cnditin, Adam has had t miss sme Scuting activities ver the years.（由于他的身体状况，这些年来Adam不得不错过一些童子军活动。）”可知，是健康问题阻止了Adam参加一些童子军活动。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I thught it wuld be fun and a gd thing t d as lng as I was prepared.（我认为只要我做好了准备，这将是一件有趣的好事。）”可知，Adam参加挑战是因为他觉得挑战很有乐趣，由此可推知，他很喜欢这项挑战活动。故选A项。
23．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What encuraged Adam t take n this challenge despite the risk? “I thught it wuld be fun and a gd thing t d as lng as I was prepared. And my parents have always encuraged me t nt let hemphilia be the nly factr in ANY decisin.”（是什么鼓励亚当不顾风险接受这个挑战？“我认为只要我做好了准备，这将是一件有趣的好事。我的父母一直鼓励我不要让血友病成为做任何决定的唯一因素。”）”可知，是自己的决心和父母的鼓励，让Adam不畏危险完成这项挑战。可以推断，Adam是一个勇敢和意志坚定的人。故选C项。
（2023上·辽宁铁岭·高三校联考期中）
The stands were always filled with family members t supprt their favrite players. I attended each f my sn’s games. His father wrked nights fr years, and missed ut n mst f his games. My sn Jrden knew if his dad culd, he wuld be there sitting right beside me.
When Jrden was yunger, sme family members wuld ccasinally cme t watch. But gradually they stpped shwing up. Never nce did Jrden lead me t believe that this bthered him, but apparently it did. It wasn’t until when he was asked t give a speech at his baseball event that he made it very clear nt nly t me but a rm filled with ver 150 peple just hw imprtant it is t have extra fans in the stands.
His speech was anything but like I thught it wuld be. It wasn’t shrt and bittersweet. It wasn’t his quick thank yu t his caches and teammates. He pured his heart ut, saying he seldm had grandparents, aunts r uncles cming t supprt him. He was grateful that his teammates’ family members shwed up t supprt nt just their wn lved nes but the entire team f bys. Clearly Jrden desired mre than just me. Never did I ever think my sn wuld be hurting inside as he lked ut t the bleachers t see nly me at each and every game.
As he struggled t get each wrd ut thrugh tears, I prmised I wuld attend as many events f the children arund as I pssibly culd. There was n way I culd allw anther child t feel what my sn was feeling. This small simple gesture wuld mean s much t any child. Neither Jrden nr I was upset with thse wh never attended his games. Jrden just wanted smene else besides me t witness his craft in actin. I understand all f ur lives becme cmplicated and that everyne is busy with their wn children and jbs that may nt allw them as much free time as they’d like.
24．What d we knw abut Jrden’s father?
A．He had lng been misunderstd by Jrden.
B．He had few chances t attend Jrden’s games.
C．He managed t be with Jrden in every game.
D．He had made excuses t miss Jrden’s games.
25．What was Jrden’s speech abut?
A．His ambitin t win the champinship.
B．His gratitude t his mther and caches.
C．His cmplaint abut his family members.
D．His desire fr supprt frm mre peple.
26．What des the authr think f Jrden’s speech?
A．Depressing.B．Cmplicated.C．Astnishing.D．Absurd.
27．Hw did the authr respnd t Jrden’s speech?
A．She tried t be actively invlved in children’s games.
B．She prmised nt t miss ut n games f every child.
C．She ffered t invite many relatives t Jrden’s games.
D．She decided t lead Jrden t trust his family members.
【答案】24．B 25．D 26．C 27．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一开始经常缺席儿子的比赛，直到一次儿子在演讲中吐露心声后，作者决定试图积极参与孩子们的比赛的故事。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“The stands were always filled with family members t supprt their favrite players. I attended each f my sn’s games. His father wrked nights fr years, and missed ut n mst f his games. My sn Jrden knew if his dad culd, he wuld be there sitting right beside me.”（看台上总是坐满了支持他们最喜欢的球员的家庭成员。我儿子的每场比赛我都去看了。他的父亲常年上夜班，错过了他的大部分比赛。我的儿子乔登知道，如果他爸爸可以，他会坐在我身边。）可知，乔登的父亲很少有机会观看乔登的比赛。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It wasn’t until when he was asked t give a speech at his baseball event that he made it very clear nt nly t me but a rm filled with ver 150 peple just hw imprtant it is t have extra fans in the stands.”（乔登从来没有让我相信这让他感到困扰，但显然他确实感到困扰。直到他被邀请在他的棒球活动上发表演讲时，他才向我，也向一个坐满150多人的房间清楚地表明，看台上有更多的球迷是多么重要。）可推知，从乔登的演讲中我们能了解到他渴望得到更多人的支持。故选D项。
26．推理判断题。根据第三段中“His speech was anything but like I thught it wuld be. It wasn’t shrt and bittersweet. It wasn’t his quick thank yu t his caches and teammates. He pured his heart ut, saying he seldm had grandparents, aunts r uncles cming t supprt him. He was grateful that his teammates’ family members shwed up t supprt nt just their wn lved nes but the entire team f bys. Clearly Jrden desired mre than just me.”（他的演讲完全不像我想象的那样。它并不短暂，也不是苦乐参半。这不是他对教练和队友的快速感谢。他倾吐心声，说他很少有祖父母、阿姨或叔叔来支持他。他很感激队友的家人不仅支持自己的亲人，还支持整个球队。显然乔登想要的不只是我。）可推知，作者认为乔登的演讲是令人吃惊的。故选C项。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As he struggled t get each wrd ut thrugh tears, I prmised I wuld attend as many events f the children arund as I pssibly culd. There was n way I culd allw anther child t feel what my sn was feeling. This small simple gesture wuld mean s much t any child.”（当他含泪挣扎着说出每一个字时，我向他保证，我会尽可能多地参加周围孩子们的活动。我不可能让另一个孩子感受我儿子的感受。这个简单的举动对任何一个孩子来说都意义重大。）可知， 对于乔登的演讲，作者决定试图积极参与孩子们的比赛。故选A项。
（2023上·宁夏银川·高三银川二中校考阶段练习）
Yu can get a clear picture abut Deep Wrk by Cal Newprt in 5 minutes. Deep Wrk tells us prfessinal activities perfrmed in a state f distractin-free cncentratin that push yur cgnitive (认知的) capabilıties t their limit. These effrts create new value and imprve yur skill. The ability t perfrm deep wrk is becming increasingly rare at exactly the same time it is becming increasingly valuable in ur ecnmy. As a cnsequence, the few wh develp the skill, and then make it the cre f their wrking life, will thrive (蓬勃发展)
The bk tells us the cre abilities fr thriving in the new ecnmy, which are the ability t quickly master hard things, the ability t prduce a high level, in terms f bth quality and speed. If yu can’t learn, yu can’t thrive. If yu dn’t prduce, yu wn’t thrive- n matter hw skilled r talented yu are. If yu haven’t mastered deep wrk, yu’ll struggle t learn hard things. T learn hard things quickly, yu must fcus intensely withut distractin.
The key t develping a deep wrk habit is t mve beynd gd intentins and add rutines and habits t yur wrking life designed t minimize a state f unbrken cncentratin. T master the art f deep wrk, therefre, yu must take back cntrl f yur time and attentin frm the many entertainments n the Internet that attempt t steal them. Adpt a tl nly if its psitive impacts n these factrs substantially utweigh its negative impacts. It’s crucial that yu figure ut in advance what yu’re ging t d with yur evenings and weekends befre they begin.
In the end f Deep Wrk, we can knw that the ability t-cncentrate is a skill that gets valuable things dne. If yu’re struggling t use yur mind t its fullest capacity t create things that matter, then yu’ll discver, as thers have befre yu, that depth generates a life rich with prductivity and meaning.
28．What is presented in the first paragraph?
A．Accurate analyses.B．Practical examples.
C．Daring expectatin.D．Theretical intrductin.
29．Wh will have a particular advantage in this new ecnmy?
A．Thse wh’re the best at what they d.B．Thse willing t give thers a hand.
C．Thse wh’re very skilled r talented.D．Thse easy t get alng well with.
30．Which f the fllwing can help develp a deep wrk habit?
A．Frming a simple habit.B．Making a flexible schedule.
C．Quitting scial media.D．Using n-demand distractin.
31．What is the text?
A．A news reprt.B．An exam paper.
C．An ecnmic article.D．A bk review.
【答案】28．D 29．A 30．C 31．D
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了由Cal Newprt所著的书籍《深度工作》的主要内容及作者的评论。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Deep Wrk tells us prfessinal activities perfrmed in a state f distractin-free cncentratin that push yur cgnitive (认知的) capabilıties t their limit.”（《深度工作》这本书告诉我们一些在不受干扰的、注意力集中的、将你的认知能力推向极限的状态下进行的专业活动。）可知，第一段主要介绍了这本书在“深度工作”这一概念方面专业的、理论知识。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段“The bk tells us the cre abilities fr thriving in the new ecnmy, which are the ability t quickly master hard things, the ability t prduce a high level, in terms f bth quality and speed.”（这本书告诉我们，在新经济中蓬勃发展的核心能力是快速掌握困难事物的能力，在质量和速度方面都能产生高水平的能力。）和“If yu can’t learn, yu can’t thrive. If yu dn’t prduce, yu wn’t thrive- n matter hw skilled r talented yu are. If yu haven’t mastered deep wrk, yu’ll struggle t learn hard things.”（如果你不会学习，你就不能茁壮成；如果你不创新，你就不会成功——无论你多么有技能或才华；如果你还没有掌握深入的工作，你将很难学习困难的东西。）可知，在新经济中，核心能力是快速掌握困难事物的能力，而这一能力需要你有学习、创新、掌握深入工作等各方面的能力才可以实现，所以那些把自己的工作做到最好的人，会具有特殊的优势。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段“T master the art f deep wrk, therefre, yu must take back cntrl f yur time and attentin frm the many entertainments n the Internet that attempt t steal them.”（因此，要掌握深度工作的艺术，你必须从试图窃取你的时间和注意力的许多网络娱乐中夺回对时间和注意力的控制。）可知，应该将时间和注意力从一些网络娱乐转移出来，放弃这些社交媒体，用于深度工作中，有助于培养深度工作的习惯，掌握深度工作的艺术。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yu can get a clear picture abut Deep Wrk by Cal Newprt in 5 minutes.”（你可以在5分钟内清楚地了解由Cal Newprt所著的《深度工作》。）和文章对这本书内容的介绍，以及作者对“深度工作”这一概念的理解及对读这本书的收获可知，这是一篇书评。故选D。
（2023上·辽宁沈阳·高三校联考期中）
As students return t schl this fall, many f them— perhaps especially thse frm histrically disadvantaged student grups will be starting the academic year with achievement levels lwer than where they were at the beginning f summer break. This phenmenn is smetimes referred t as summer learning lss. We review what is knwn abut summer lss and ffer suggestins fr schls lking t slve the prblem.
The recent studies n summer lss have been rather cmprehensive. One study fund that students, n average, lst between 25-30 percent f their schl-year learning ver the summer; additinally, black and Latin students tended t gain less ver the schl year and lse mre ver the summer cmpared t white students.
Hwever, an analysis f the natinal study fund little evidence f verall lss ver the summers after grades K and 1, and the summer lss gaps widened in sme subjects and grades but nt thers. Vn Hippel and Hamrck re-analyzed tw earlier data sets and cncluded that gaps “d nt necessarily. . . grw fastest ver the summer”. Thus, it seems summer lss ccurs, thugh nt universally acrss gegraphy, grade level r subject.
Schls want t address the issue f summer learning lss nt nly because it may widen achievement gaps, but als because it “wastes” s much f the knwledge students have gained during the schl year. Summer lss als undubtedly increases the amunt f time teachers have t spend “re-teaching” last year’s cntent.
Traditinally, educatrs and plicy makers have relied n cnventinal summer schl prgrams t slve summer learning lss. Nt surprisingly, research suggests that prgrams are mre effective when students attend cnsistently and spend mre time n task academically. Regardless f the design, these plicies shuld ffer engaging ptins fr students ver the summer s that summer learning prgrams d nt feel like punishment fr students wh wuld rather be enjying summer vacatin. Ding s wuld set mre students up fr success as the schl year gets underway.
32．What’s the authr’s aim by writing Paragraph 1?
A．T raise a questin.B．T make a cmparisn.
C．T analyze the figures.D．T illustrate an example.
33．Accrding t the studies, what can we knw abut summer learning lss?
A．Immigrant students experienced the mst summer lss.
B．White students did nt lse learning ver the summer.
C．Summer learning lss after grades K and 1 was alarming.
D．Summer learning lss seemed t vary in grades and subjects.
34．Why d schls want t slve the prblem accrding t the furth paragraph?
A．It may narrw achievement gaps.
B．It may cause repetitive wrk fr teachers.
C．It may stp students gaining mre knwledge.
D．It may increase teachers’ new teaching cntent.
35．What des the authr think f summer schl prgrams?
A．The cnventinal prgrams are ineffective.
B．Students shuld d all academic tasks.
C．Mre chices shuld be prvided fr students.
D．The prgrams are punishment fr many student.
【答案】32．A 33．D 34．B 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了今年秋天，当学生们返校时，他们中的许多人——尤其是那些历史上处于不利地位的学生群体——将以比暑假开始时更低的成绩开始新学年。这种现象有时被称为夏季学习损失。我们回顾了关于夏季失学的已知情况，并为希望解决这一问题的学校提供了建议。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“As students return t schl this fall, many f them— perhaps especially thse frm histrically disadvantaged student grups will be starting the academic year with achievement levels lwer than where they were at the beginning f summer break. This phenmenn is smetimes referred t as summer learning lss. We review what is knwn abut summer lss and ffer suggestins fr schls lking t slve the prblem.”（今年秋天，当学生们返校时，他们中的许多人——尤其是那些历史上处于不利地位的学生群体——将以比暑假开始时更低的成绩开始新学年。这种现象有时被称为夏季学习损失。我们回顾了关于夏季失学的已知情况，并为希望解决这一问题的学校提供了建议。）可推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个问题。故选A项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hwever, an analysis f the natinal study fund little evidence f verall lss ver the summers after grades K and 1, and the summer lss gaps widened in sme subjects and grades but nt thers. Vn Hippel and Hamrck re-analyzed tw earlier data sets and cncluded that gaps “d nt necessarily. . . grw fastest ver the summer”. Thus, it seems summer lss ccurs, thugh nt universally acrss gegraphy, grade level r subject.”（然而，对这项全国性研究的分析发现，几乎没有证据表明，在K和1年级之后的暑假里，学生的总体成绩会下降，而且在某些科目和年级上，学生的成绩差距会扩大，但在其他科目和年级上则没有。Vn Hippel和Hamrck重新分析了两个早期的数据集，并得出结论，差距“不一定……在夏季生长最快”。因此，夏季流失似乎是普遍存在的，尽管不是在地理、年级或学科上普遍存在。）可知，根据这些研究，夏季学习损失似乎因年级和科目而异。故选D项。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段“Schls want t address the issue f summer learning lss nt nly because it may widen achievement gaps, but als because it “wastes” s much f the knwledge students have gained during the schl year. Summer lss als undubtedly increases the amunt f time teachers have t spend “re-teaching” last year’s cntent.”（学校希望解决暑期学习损失的问题，不仅因为它可能会扩大成绩差距，还因为它“浪费”了学生在学年中获得的大量知识。夏季的损失无疑也增加了教师花在“重新教授”去年的内容上的时间。）可知，学校要解决这个问题是因为这可能会导致教师重复工作。故选B项。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Nt surprisingly, research suggests that prgrams are mre effective when students attend cnsistently and spend mre time n task academically. Regardless f the design, these plicies shuld ffer engaging ptins fr students ver the summer s that summer learning prgrams d nt feel like punishment fr students wh wuld rather be enjying summer vacatin. Ding s wuld set mre students up fr success as the schl year gets underway.”（不出所料，研究表明，当学生坚持上课，花更多的时间在学业上时，课程会更有效。无论设计如何，这些政策都应该为学生在暑假期间提供有吸引力的选择，这样暑期学习计划就不会让那些宁愿享受暑假的学生感到惩罚。随着学年的开始，这样做会让更多的学生为成功做好准备。）可推知，作者认为暑期学校项目的应该为学生提供更多的选择。故选C项。
（2023·四川成都·校联考三模）
I was traveling with my husband and three teenage sns in the United States. We rdered ur fd at a fast-fd place, and with my meal I als wanted a blueberry pie. My husband is the chatty ne in the family and likes t scialize, s he started a cnversatin abut the place where blueberries grw with the waitress. She answered, with sme anxiety, “They grw n trees.”
The whle family’s jaws drpped! Hw culd this girl nt knw where blueberries grw? We tried nt t embarrass her, and just tk the pprtunity t teach her a little abut hw blueberries grw, n small shrubs (灌木) n the grund. She seemed t appreciate learning smething new. We can’t knw all the same things, as yu'll see frm the next thing I'm ging t tell yu.
In 2002 ur family made a shrt trip t a cffee plantatin. The rad t the plantatin was narrw, filled with sharp bends. I wrried abut hitting anther car. We didn’t, lucky us! When we finally gt t ur destinatin, we learned a lt abut the plantatin and cffee prductin, but we didn’t see any cffee plants. Where were they? We decided t ask ne f the peple wrking there. “S where are the cffee plants? We can’t see them anywhere.”
She reached ut her arm and caught a twig (细枝) right next t us and explained, “This is the cffee plant and these little things will be cffee beans.” I lked arund in embarrassment, as we were surrunded by cffee plants! She explained that cffee plants aren’t big and that they have t grw in the shade f ther bigger plants. I appreciated her lessn.
We lve ur cffee, but I’m sure mst f my cuntrymen wuld nt be able t recgnize a cffee plant amng ther trpical plants if asked. Our jaws can drp at different things, depending n gegraphical lcatins, at what we knw and dn’t knw. Never take anything fr granted!
40．By saying “The whle family’s jaws drpped!”, the authr means that ________.
A．the waitress was extremely ignrantB．the waitress gave the strangest answer
C．the whle family was greatly surprisedD．the whle family had prblems with their muths
41．Which f the fllwing best describes the waitress?
A．Curius.B．Chatty.C．Self-centered.D．Stubbrn.
42．What can we learn abut the blueberry plant and the cffee plant?
A．They prduce the same beans.B．They grw in the trpical areas.
C．They lk very similar t each ther.D．They are shrubs grwing n the grund.
43．What message des the authr want t cnvey in the passage?
A．The pt calls the kettle black.B．Tw heads are better than ne.
C．Dn't judge a bk by its cver.D．There are spts even n the sun.
【答案】40．C 41．A 42．D 43．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过两个故事讲述了由于受到地缘和认知的局限，世界上还有许多我们不了解的事物，所以我们可以从中得到的启发是我们应该一直学习，因为学习是一个永无止境的过程。
40．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“She answered, with sme anxiety, “They grw n trees.”(她有些焦虑地回答说：“它们长在树上。”)”以及第二段“The whle family’s jaws drpped! Hw culd this girl nt knw where blueberries grw? (全家人都大吃一惊！这个女孩怎么会不知道蓝莓生长在哪里？)”可知，作者全家人对于女服务员的回答都大吃一惊。故选C。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She seemed t appreciate learning smething new. (她似乎很喜欢学习新东西)”可知，女服务员具有好奇心，很喜欢学习新东西。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We tried nt t embarrass her, and just tk the pprtunity t teach her a little abut hw blueberries grw, n small shrubs (灌木) n the grund. (我们尽量不让她难堪，只是利用这个机会教她一点关于蓝莓是如何在地上的小灌木上生长的)”及倒数第二段“he explained that cffee plants aren't big and that they have t grw in the shade f ther bigger plants. (他解释说，咖啡树并不大，它们必须在其他大植物的树荫下生长)”可知，蓝莓植物和咖啡植物是生长在地面上的灌木。故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We can't knw all the same things, as yu'll see frm the next thing I'm ging t tell yu.(我们不可能知道同样的事情，你会从我接下来要告诉你的事情中看到)”以及文章的最后一段“Our jaws can drp at different things, depending n gegraphical lcatins, at what we knw and dn't knw. Never take anything fr granted!(根据地理位置的不同，我们会对我们知道的和不知道的事情感到惊讶。永远不要认为任何事情都是理所当然的)”可知，由于受到地缘和认知的局限，世界上还有许多我们不了解的事物。由此推知，D项：There are spts even n the sun. (太阳上也有黑子)合乎题意。告诉我们世界上还有许多我们不了解的事物，我们应该一直学习，因为学习是一个永无止境的过程。故选D。
考点
考查内容
高考考题设问
推理判断题
核心价值：
高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。
第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在体育融入试题方面，2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读题选取运动促进心脏健康的语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积极参加跑步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学生提高运动意识，保持身心健康。在美育融入试题方面，2022 年全国甲卷听力题选取一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山区支教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。
第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。2022 年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。
学科素养：
从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。
从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。
【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】B24.What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?逻辑推断
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】D 34.What can we learn frm the example given in Paragraph 5?逻辑推断
【2023年1月·浙江卷】B26．What can we infer abut the authr?逻辑推断
【2023·全国甲卷】D 35.What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?逻辑推断
【2023·全国乙卷】B26.What can we infer frm the auth’s trip with friends t Devil’s Lake?逻辑推断
【2022·新高考I卷】阅读A 23.3. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?逻辑推断
C篇31. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?逻辑推断
【2022·全国高考乙卷】D篇35. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?逻辑推断
【2021·英语全国甲卷】B篇27．What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?逻辑推断
D篇33．What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?逻辑推断
【2021·全国高考乙卷】B篇27．What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
D篇35．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
【2021·全国新高考I卷C篇】30．What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?逻辑推断
【2021·全国新高考II卷】D篇34．Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?逻辑推断
【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】D35.What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?观点态度
【2023年1月·浙江卷】B25．What was the attitude f the authr’s father tward buying grceries with jars?观点态度
【2021·新高考I卷】D34. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?观点态度
【2021·北京】65. What mainly helped the authr change his/her attitude tward the prject？观点态度
【2020年新课标Ⅰ卷】C篇31. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?观点态度
【2020年，天津卷，第一次高考】23.What is the authr's attitude twards the prspect f electric flying? 观点态度
【2023年1月·浙江卷】C 28．Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph? 写作目的
【2023年1月·浙江卷】D 34. What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4? 写作目的
【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】B26.What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu? 写作目的
【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】C 28.What is the bk aimed at? 写作目的
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】C 31.What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader? 写作目的
【2023·全国甲卷】C 28.Why des the authr list great philsphers in Paragraph 4? 写作目的
【2023·全国乙卷】D33.What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in Paragraph 2? 写作目的
【2022·新高考I卷】B24.What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry? 写作目的
【2021·英语全国甲卷】C篇30.10．Why did the authr like t spend time in Suth bank when he returned t Lndn? 写作目的
【2021·全国高考乙卷】 C篇29．Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? 写作目的
【2021·全国新高考I】D篇33．Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2? 写作目的
【2021·全国新高考II卷】D篇34．Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle? 写作目的
【2023·全国乙卷】D35.Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?文章出处
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】C28.Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?文章出处
【2022·新高考I卷】A21. Where is this text prbably taken frm?文章出处
【2022·全国高考乙卷】B27. What is the text?文章出处
【2021·英语全国甲卷】A篇23．Where can the text be fund?文章出处
【2022年1月（浙江卷）】26．What is the text?文章出处
【2023·全国乙卷】31.What might the authr cntinue talking abut?写作方法
【2021·北京卷】 32．The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t________．写作方法
【2020·全国新课标III】32. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?写作方法
观点态度
例词
支持肯定
psitive (积极的)、supprtive (支持的)、ptimistic (乐观的)
humrus(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的)；
中立
neutral (中立的)、bjective(客观的)、nt mentined(未提及的)、
uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)；
否定反对
negative(否定的)、suspicius/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的)
critical(批评的)、disappinted(失望的)、disapprving(不赞成的)。