新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题09 词义猜测题 （讲义） （2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题09 词义猜测题 （讲义） （2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题09词义猜测题讲义原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题09词义猜测题讲义解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共62页， 欢迎下载使用。
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点 词义猜测题
【高考解密】
命题点01 单词或短语猜测
命题点02 代词或名词指代猜测
命题点03 句子意义猜测
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 词义猜测题易错陷阱
05创新好题·分层练
、
命题点01单词或短语猜测
典例01
【2023年新高考I卷C篇】
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
典例02
【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
29．What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Arguments.B．Dubts.C．Errrs.D．Differences.
典例03
【2023年全国甲卷】
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
An artist.B．A winner.C．A specialist.D．A pineer.
命题点02 代词或名词指代猜测
典例01
【2023·全国乙卷D篇】
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made:a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts,but the bjects.
34.What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A.Prblem. B.Histry. C.Vice. D.Sciety.
典例02
【2020年新高考I卷C篇】
In the mid­1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24­year­ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Develping a serius mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C．Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
命题点03 句子意义猜测
典例01
【2021年全国甲卷C篇】
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing. I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam (横杆), I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe! Safe! Safe！” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
9．What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe！” prbably mean?
A．Be careful! B．Well dne!
C．N way! D．Dn't wrry!
单词或短语猜测
根据定义推测词义：
有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, r, namely, in ther wrds, that is t say, t be mre exact, t put it anther way, which is等。
根据举例推测词义：
有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, , fr example, fr instance, like , including, especially等。
根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：
表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead, similarly, n the cntrary, in cntrast t等。
根据同义词或并列结构推测词义：
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。
根据构词法推测词义：
英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。
根据因果关系推测词义：
因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, fr , s, thus, cnsequently, therefre, hence, due t, result in, result frm, as a result, fr this reasn, accrdingly, , 等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
代词或名词指代猜测
定关键：返回原文，找到指代词，理清句子结构。
找替代：根据上下文，寻找复合逻辑关系的名词、代词、短语或句子等。
再核对：比较选项，找出与符合逻辑的选项。
一般来说，it/this/that指代一件事；
it/he/them/they/ne/thse指代上文提到的人或事。
句子意义猜测
一定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷
三归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项
考向01-单词或短语猜测
1.【山东省烟台市、德州市高三一模】As the new year appraches, crwds arund the wrld may be expecting whizzes and bangs t light up the sky. The appeal f firewrks culd fizzle ut with the grwing use f drnes (无人机) fr light shws, thugh.
Ollie Hwitt, a leader f SkyMagic, which used a team f 300 drnes t create a display fr Lndn’s new year celebratin last year, said demand had increased substantially. “We d think it’s ging t be smething that’s ever catching n, as ppsed t it being a shrt-lived srt f fashin peple have suddenly gt interested in. Drnes are reusable and there’s n fallut. In that sense they’re a very gd, sustainable ptin,” she said.
But nt everyne agrees. A spkespersn frm the British Firewrks Assciatin said drnes culd als pse envirnmental prblems. “Suggestins are that drnes have less f an impact n the envirnment, but we have serius cncerns abut electrical demand and use f lithium batteries which are knwn nt t be all that ‘green’,” they said.
...
8．What des the underlined phrase “fizzle ut” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Catch n.B．Wind up.
C．Create an impact.D．Make a cmeback.
2.【江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模】
Almst everyne has heard the expressin, “the calm befre the strm”.It is usually used t describe a peaceful perid just befre a very stressful situatin r a tense argument.
British sailrs cined the phrase in the late 1600s; they nted that befre certain strms the seas wuld seem t becme static and the winds wuld drp.
But why is it ften s calm befre a strm?
Science has given us the answer. Accrding t US inftainment (资讯娱乐) website Hw Stuff Wrks, a calm perid ccurs because many strms, such as trnades and hurricanes, draw in all the warm and humid air frm the surrunding area. As this air rises int the strm cluds, it cls and acts as “fuel fr the strm, like petrl in a car”.
...
28．The underlined wrd “static” in Paragraph 2 is clsest in meaning t ______.
A．vilentB．quietC．fast-changingD．warm
考向02-代词或名词指代猜测
【辽宁省县级重点高中协作体高三下学期一模】
Take the wheel f an electric vehicle and prepare t be amazed. The latest technlgy is there, with tablet-like screens instead f ld-fashined switches. Add falling price which makes wning and running many electric vehicles (shrt fr EV)as cheap as fssil-fuel alternatives, and the pen rad signals. Abve all, the instant acceleratin f battery pwer makes driving easy and exciting.
EV shuld be recharged rughly every 250 miles. When yu d find a public charging pint, it is smetimes inaccessible, which causes “range anxiety”. It is ne f the main reasns drivers give fr nt buying an EV. Wh might install them? Drivers will need a mix f fast "lng distance" chargers installed near mtrways and slwer “tp-up” chargers available in the car parks f shpping centers, restaurants and s n. Dedicated charging firms and carmakers are investing in infrastructure. Oil cmpanies are putting chargers in petrl statins and buying charging cmpanies.
...
9．What des the underlined wrds "range anxiety" in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The reasn fr drivers' nt buying an EV.
B．The issue f wh might install charging pints.
C．The dubt f whether drivers can charge free in petrl statins.
D．The wrry f drivers' nt finding accessible public charging pints.
考向03-句意猜测
1.【河北省高三模拟调研卷（三）】
It was the first day f Spring here but it didn't feel like it. The Crnavirus(冠状病毒) Pandemic was sweeping the glbe and everywhere there were feelings f uncertainty, fear, lneliness and even despair. "Scial Distancing" had becme the new nrm. Here the schls had been clsed, the restaurant dining rms had been shut, and peple had been tld t wrk frm hme whenever they culd. Even the sheltered wrkshp where my ldest sn wrked had been clsed until furl her ntice. Peple had made a run n the stres and large areas f the shelves were bare. On the news the numbers f sick and dead cntinued t rise. It felt like there was a weight n the suls f everyne in the wrld.
My wn family was staying at hme as much as pssible and as I lked ut my windw I wndered hw lng this crisis wuld last. It was then, hwever. that I saw smething that lifted that weight ff f my sul, made my face smile, and made my heart feel happy again. On the street belw my huse there was an ld friend f mine frm high schl wh was a teacher there nw. With him was my yunger sn s frmer aide frm the high schl as well. They were delivering the schl lunches dr t dr t the hungry children wh were stuck al hme. Watching them made me think f smething everyne's childhd televisin neighbr. Mr. Rger's nce said:“ In the bad times, always lk fr the helpers. ”
I have n dubt this crisis will pass as all the crisis befre it have. But it is ur chice n whether it brings ut the best in us r the wrst in us. Let it bring ut the best in yu. Use it t strengthen yur faith. Use it t free yurself frm fear. Use it t grw kinder, mre giving, and mre lving. Becme a helper t all thse in need and yu will be a happy persn tday and in all the days t cme.
14．What Mr. Rger said actually means ______.
A．in bad times we shuld watch mn TV prgrams
B．schl lunches arc nt easy t frget fr many peple
C．we shuld prepare mre lunches fr schl children
D．peple lk frward t helping hands in bad times
2. 【四川省乐山市高中第一次调查研究考试】
One f Britain's few typical cntributins t wrld culture may cme t an end, accrding t a survey that suggests hliday pstcards are being emailed and texted int extinctin（消亡）. Mre than half f the 1,000 hliday-makers interviewed said they had decided t send fewer cards, turning instead t their electrnic cmpetitrs.
A quarter f the respndents（受访者）dismissed pstcards as ld-fashined and slw t arrive. A further 14% admitted that thinking f smething t fill the space was t challenging, cmpared with a call hme. Althugh fficially invented by a Hungarian, Emanuel Herrmann, in 1869, the idea f illustrated cards was taken up with mst enthusiasm in Victrian Britain, jining Gthic architecture and landscape gardening as fields in which the cuntry excelled.
...
9．What des the underlined phrase "was taken up with mst enthusiasm" in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Gained ppularity.B．Tk place.C．Came back.D．Went int service.
词义猜测题易错陷阱
【易错点陷阱一】单词或短语猜测
【吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题】A listener whse head is in sme “sweet spt” hears high-quality sund. But as ne gels farther frm the sweet spt, the sund diminishes. That’s because sund waves frm different ludspeakers interact t cancel ut each ther’s sund.
What des the underlined wrd “diminishes” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Becmes lwer.B．Travels faster.
C．Gets sweeter.D．Sunds nicer.
【易错点陷阱二】 代词或名词指代猜测
【安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考】The creatrs f the wall hpe it will bring an urgently needed slutin t the threats facing the African cntinent, creating 10 millin jbs in rural areas, as well as preventing 250 millin tns f carbn. The initiative is Africa-driven, which fr thse n the cntinent, is vital, and may hld the key t success. “The Great Green Wall…is abut wnership, and that has been the failure f develpment aid because peple were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Unin Cmmissiner fr the Sahara and Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative.“But this time they identify. This is the very thing f us!”
What des “us” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer t?
African Unins. B．All advcates.C．Land wners.D．All Africans.
【易错点陷阱三】 句子意义猜测
【浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题】Last year, after a winter f practicing skiing n the green tracks fr beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way dwn blues and even attempted her first black. That mnth als witnessed me visiting the muntain mre times than in the 15 years cmbined and I’ve gt myself a partner fr life.
What des the father imply by saying “I’ve gt myself a partner fr life.”?
A．It is rewarding t learn new skills.B．Skiing has becme his lifelng hbby.
C．He will explre mre with his daughter.D．His daughter will accmpany him frever.
（2023上·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈九中校考期中）
Have yu ever heard smene say, “breakfast is the mst imprtant meal f the day”, r give yu advice abut why it’s vital t start the day with a healthy breakfast? It seems that this meal, fr many f us, is necessary fr ur day t start well, but is it really that imprtant?
The wrd “breakfast” cmes frm “breaking the fast” — the idea f ending the perid in which we didn’t eat during the night. The regeneratin prcess that takes place while we sleep cnsumes sme f ur natural fd reserves t heal ur bdies. Breakfast gives us an pprtunity t replenish thse depleted (耗尽的) stres f things like prtein and calcium. S, in that way, a healthy breakfast makes sense.
There are als many ften-quted studies which seem t crrelate (相关) a state f being verweight with skipping breakfast. In fact, it leads many health experts t advise a healthy breakfast t nt nly regulate but als lse weight. In a US study, 50, 000 peple were mnitred ver seven years, and thse wh ate a health y breakfast were fund t have a lwer BMI (体重指数), which seems t suggest that breakfast may indeed help peple maintain a healthy weight.
But it might nt be as simple as that. Sme experts, like Alexandra Jhnstne, prfessr f appetite research at the University f Aberdeen, suggest thse wh skip breakfast might be less aware f healthy diets and nutritin, and peple wh eat breakfast might have a healthier lifestyle verall-exercising and nt smking, fr example. And she als pints ut that with the rise in ppularity f intermittent (间歇性的) fasting t lse weight, there may als be sme benefits f nt eating breakfast, like imprving bld sugar cntrl and lwering bld pressure.
S, while breakfast has its benefits, it might nt be the mst imprtant meal. It seems that a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet might be mre imprtant fr many f us than just ne single meal.
1．What des the first paragraph serve as?
A．An intrductin.B．A backgrund.C．An explanatin.D．A cmment.
2．What des the underlined wrd “replenish” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Set aside.B．Deal with.C．Make up fr.D．Run ut f.
3．What cnclusin can we draw frm Jhnstne’s research?
A．Skipping breakfast may d gd t ur health.
B．Thse wh eat breakfast can keep a lwer BMI
C．Breakfast is the mst imprtant meal f the day.
D．Intermittent fasting cntributes greatly t weight lss.
4．What des the authr suggest we d at the end f the text?
A．Try new lifestyles.B．Be aware f the benefits f each meal.
C．Pay mre attentin t breakfast.D．Fllw a balanced diet.
（2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）
In 2022, campaign grup Fashin Revlutin Chelsea dye garden fr its Chelsea Flwer Shw presentatin. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whse time has cme again, with hand tie-dyed fashin als making a cmeback in recent years.
The revival has been encuraged by Cvid lckdwns, “which allwed peple t explre the craft at hme,” says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. It’s unlikely, thugh, that the practice wuld have caught n in quite the same way if nt fr a cntinually grwing discmfrt abut fashin’s heavy ftprint. Frm carbn emissins t animal cruelty, fashin is under cnsiderable inspectin. “Put it this way, 97% f dyes used in the industry are petrchemically (石油化学产品) based,” says sustainable fashin cnsultant Jackie Andrews, wh helped advise the UN Ethical Fashin Initiative. “We’ve gt net zer targets which mean we’re ging t have t remve all thse petrchemicals frm the manufacturing cycle.”
Fashin is a huge plluter. Accrding t the UN Envirnment Prgram, the industry is respnsible fr up t ne-fifth f all industrial water pllutin — due t the fact that mst clthes tday are prduced in prer cuntries where regulatin is weak and enfrcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly int rivers and streams, pisning the land as well as the water surces f peple and animals wh rely n them.
It’s easy t see why smene wh cares abut peple, planet and animals, as well as clthes, might turn t natural plant dyeing. Frm the beauty f the raw materials-ften wild plants-t the prperty f nly bnding with natural fiber like cttn and linen, frm the minr ftprint f upclycling ld clthing that has grayed r faded ver time t the vibrant and lng-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act f rebellin. This is why, while beginners start with simply changing their clthes’ clr, new wrlds pen. Many f tday’s natural dyers grw their wn dye plants, run lcal cmmunity wrkshps, and advcate fr change in industrialized fashin systems and beynd.
5．What is the main reasn fr the grwing discmfrt mentined in paragraph 2?
A．The adptin f petrchemical-based dyes.
B．The challenging net zer targets t be achieved.
C．The fashin industry’s fcus n luxurius designs.
D．The disturbing cnsequences f the fashin industry.
6．The authr illustrates “Fashin is a huge plluter” by ______.
A．making a cmparisnB．giving examples
C．listing numbersD．intrducing a new tpic
7．What des the underlined phrase “a quiet act f rebellin” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．A prtest against turning t natural fiber.
B．An bjectin t upcycling ld clthing.
C．A struggle fr a sustainable fashin industry.
D．A resistance t vibrant clrs in natural dyeing.
8．What wuld be the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A．The Envirnmental Impact f Natural Dyeing
B．Fashin Revlutin’s Dye Garden Presentatin
C．The Return f Natural Dyeing with Ethical Appeal
D．The Petrchemical Dye Industry and Its Challenges
（2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）
Withut cnvenient access t phnes r pens fr letter-writing, wlves must rely n hwls t cmmunicate ver lng distances. These hwls allw the animals t maintain their territries as well as keep track f ther pack members.
While dgs are descendants (后代) f wlves, sme dgs dn’t knw hw t hwl at all, whereas thers, like sled dgs, will d s frequently. A new study expses family dgs t wlf hwls t better understand why sme f ur canine (犬类的) cmpanins n lnger seem t bther with this seemingly imprtant frm f dg cmmunicatin.
An ELTE scientist Fanni Lehczki and clleagues put 68 purebred pet dgs t the test by bserving their reactins t recrdings f wild wlf hwls. Accrding t the results, breeds (品种) which are genetically mre similar t wlves are mre likely t reply with their wn hwls t wlf hwl playbacks.
Yung dgs, regardless f breed, can give a respnse t wlf hwls, indicating mst dgs, n matter the breed, are capable f hwling. But the mre clsely related an adult dg is t a wlf, the mre likely they are t hwl back in respnse t a wlf hwl.
“Interestingly, this genetic effect n hwling ccurs nly amng lder dgs (greater than five years) , fr which an experience r sme age-related persnality effect can be a plausible explanatin,” says Tamas Farag als frm ELTE.
What’s mre, thse dgs that respnded with hwling shwed greater stress behavirs, such as muth licking r shaking. “This result n the stress behavirs may als cnfirm ur assumptin that mre ancient breeds, due t their genetic relatedness, can prcess the infrmatin encded in wlf hwls better,” the researchers write in their paper.
“Dinges (澳洲野犬) , which tk an evlutinary path away frm dmestic dgs arund 8, 000 years ag, are knwn t hwl extensively t find each ther, just like wlves. This suggests scial factrs culd still play a larger rle in determining canine vcal (发声的) behavir than genetics,” explains Lehczki.
“Our findings are amng the first nes indicating that dmesticatin can change hw animals prcess and react t ther’s vcalizatins. This, ultimately, might help us better understand the evlutin f vcal cmmunicatin,” the researchers cnclude.
9．What des the new study mainly want t find ut?
A．Hw wlves cmmunicate ver lng distances.
B．Why sme dgs d nt cmmunicate by hwling.
C．Whether wlf hwls influence dgs’ cmmunicatin.
D．What is the difference between family dgs and wild nes.
10．What des the underlined wrd “plausible” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Reasnable.B．Creative.C．Surprising.D．Unbelievable.
11．What des the result n the stress behavirs shw?
A．Ancient breeds feel uneasy in the presence f wlves.
B．Ancient breeds understand the meaning f wlf hwls.
C．Ancient breeds try t send messages t the hwling wlves.
D．Ancient breeds have difficulty cmmunicating with wlves.
12．What d the researchers mainly talk abut in the last paragraph?
A．The limitatins f the new study.B．The applicatin f the findings.
C．The challenges fr further study.D．The significance f the findings.
（2023上·江苏·高三马坝高中校考期中）
Sme peple wrry that there’s t much technlgy in ur lives.And they may have a pint, given hw cuntless peple nw carry the internet arund in their pcket and use it as a primary frm f cmmunicatin. It’s practically difficult t shun technlgy in ur wrld. There are cmputer micrchips(微芯片) in ur watches, ur cars, light switches, even ur pets! Where will it end?
Well, if certain peple have their way, it’ ll g even further. We’ll have micrchips implanted(植入) int ur brains that can interact with the cmputers by thught alne. It may sund like smething frm the science fictin, but in many ways, things lk quite prmising. Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.
Fr example, electrdes have been implanted in the brains f epilepsy patients t better recrd and even predict the abnrmal neurlgical activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulatin, thrugh implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regins, is an established treatment fr things like Parkinsn’s disease, and is even being lked int fr illnesses like depressin.
Hwever,it’s anther thing t place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical cncerns,nt least f which is what these chips will be made f. The inside f the brain is a mass f highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants wuld need t be inert(静止的) enugh t nt upset the delicate prcesses by their presence, but als sensitive enugh t read and prcess the activity arund them.Current technlgy has made impressive prgress with this, but if it were t be rlled ut t millins f peple, we’d need t be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
Hw many peple will actually want t have technlgy literally put int their brain? A surprising 60 per cent f Americans say they’d be kay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theretical. In reality, the pssibility f having strangers stick chips in yur brain is likely t prve unattractive, especially fr a ppulatin where millins get mad at fictinal micrchips in vaccines(疫苗), and even mre are frightened f dentists.
Ultimately, the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface(接口) implants is still far away frm us.
13．What des the underlined wrd “shun” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Develp.B．Avid.C．Change.D．Trust.
14．What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 3?
A．The pssible treatment fr particular diseases.
B．The prcess f human-cmputer interactin.
C．The existing applicatin f micrchip implants.
D．The future f micrchips and devices alike.
15．Hw may mst Americans react t implanting chips in the brain in reality?
A．They may reject it.
B．They may expect it.
C．They may adjust t it.
D．They may feel curius abut it.
16．What might be the best title fr the text?
A．Cmputer-brain interface: The light f the future
B．Innvatin is necessary t make prgress
C．Where are we in the medical technlgy?
D．Mind-cntrlled tech: Is it pssible?
（2023上·广东广州·高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Anyne can be late a handful f times, but t be the persn wh is always late—that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect f yur persnality, scientists have fund.
S what is it that causes sme peple t cnstantly miss trains, make it t the wedding just after the bride’s shwn up and regularly anny their friends? And why is it s hard fr us t fix it? “There are allsrts f punishments fr being late, but we are still late even when thse punishments and cnsequences exist.” said Justin Kruger, a scial psychlgist at New Yrk University.
One f the cmmnest reasns why peple are frequently late is that-they fail t accurately judge hw lng a task will take—smething knwn as the planning fallacy. Research has shwn that peple n average underestimate the tune t cmplete a task by a significant 40 percent.
Besides, frever-late-cmers are mre likely t be multitaskers. A 2023 study fund that ut f 181subway peratrs in New Yrk City, thse wh preferred multitasking were mre ften late fr their jb. This is because multitasking makes it harder t have the awareness f what yu’re ding. It’s als discvered there is a persnality type that’s mre likely t be late. While highly nervus, achievement-riented Type A individuals arc mre pssible t be punctual, Type B individuals, hwever, wh are calmer and mre relaxed, have a higher chance t be late.
Admittedly, knwing all f this desn’t necessarily help fix the prblem. But scientists are starting t wrk n strategies that can slwly imprve ur punctuality. Fr peple wh cnstantly underestimate tasks, breaking dwn an activity int detailed steps can help peple estimate hw lng smething will take mre accurately. As fr yur persnality type, unfrtunately, there isn’t much yu can d t change that. But accepting that yu need t struggle fr it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first step t change.
17．What des the underlined wrd “fallacy” mean in paragrqph3?
A．A reasnable argument.B．A mistaken belief.
C．A mdest expectatin.D．A realistic idea.
18．Which f the fllwing is a feature f frever- late-cmers?
A．They tackle mre than ne task at a time.
B．They plan t spend lnger time n a task.
C．They suffer frm cncentratin difficulties.
D．They have high expectatins fr achic’vcments.
19．What is a pssible way t help thse wh are always late?
A．Learning t accept wh yu are.B．Changing yur persnality type.
C．Keeping t the timetable accurately.D．Divide a task int smaller nes.
20．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Late cmers shuld be severely punished.
B．Time management cntributes t success.
C．The habit f being late is related t character.
D．Accepting yur persnality imprves punctuality.
（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区良乡中学校考期中）
The wrld’s ceans will likely lse abut ne-sixth f their fish and ther creatures within 100 years if climate change cntinues n its current path. Every degree Celsius that the wrld’s ceans warm, their bimass is expected t drp five percent, a study fund.
The study predicts that if there is n change in the rate f wrldwide greenhuse gas prductin, there will be a 17-percent lss f bimass by the year 2100. But, if the wrld reduces carbn pllutin, bimass lsses culd be limited t nly abut 5 percent.
Warming temperatures are the biggest issue. But climate change als prduces ceans that are mre acidic and have less xygen. This als harms sea life. Much f the wrld depends n the ceans fr fd r wrk.
The findings make sense and the pssible effects f the predicted lsses f animal life are huge. “Climate change has the ptential t cause serius new cnflicts ver cean resurce use as the human ppulatin cntinues t grw,” said scientists.
Marine bilgist Bris Wrm, wh helped run the study, added that the “building blcks f marine life—planktn and bacteria—may decline less heavily.”
“Thse marine animals that we use directly, and care abut mst deeply, are predicted t suffer the mst,” said Wrm. He wrks at Canada’s Dalhusie University.
Scientists had already believed climate change wuld likely reduce future cean life. But past cmputer-based studies lked at nly part f the picture r used nly ne mdel. The latest study used six different cmputer mdels t give the best picture lk yet, William Cheung said.
University f Gergia marine bilgist Samantha Jye was nt part f the research. But she praised the study as well researched and extremely detailed, and called it “an urgent call fr actin”.
21．What des the underlined wrd “bimass” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A．Ocean temperature.B．Ttal marine life.
C．Sea cnditin.D．Ocean level.
22．Why d scientists think that climate change might cause cnflicts?
A．It may reduce the sea resurce.B．It leads t the extinctin f marine life.
C．It pllutes the envirnment f the cean.D．It may increase the wrld ppulatin.
23．Which sea animals will be harmed the wrst by sea warming?
A．The largest nes.B．The nes in deep ceans.
C．The bacteria n sea surface.D．Thse we humans need mst.
（2023上·北京·高三北京市第十三中学校考期中）
D yu listen t quiet music t help yu wind dwn befre sleep? Hwever, this practice culd be cunter-prductive, accrding t a new study by Michael K. Scullin and clleagues at Baylr University. The wrk, published in Psychlgical Medicine, fund that bedtime music was assciated with mre sleep disruptins and that instrumental music is even wrse than music with lyrics.
In the first study, 199 nline participants living in the US reprted n their sleep quality and music listening frequency and timing, as well as their beliefs abut hw this affected their sleep. Almst all—87%—believed that music imprves sleep, r at least des nt disrupt it. Hwever, the team fund that mre verall time spent listening t music was assciated with prer sleep and daytime sleepiness. Just ver three quarters f the participants als reprted experiencing frequent “earwrms”—having a sng r tune “stuck” and replaying in their minds. A quarter reprted experiencing these during the night at least nce per week, and these peple were six times as likely t reprt pr sleep quality. The team’s analysis suggested that listening specifically t instrumental music near bedtime was linked t mre sleep-related earwrms and prer sleep quality.
The team then ran an experimental study n 48 yung adults. After arriving at the sleep lab at 8:45 p. m., participants went t a quiet bedrm, where they cmpleted questinnaires that included measures f stress, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. They als had electrdes applied, ready fr the night-time plysmngraphy t recrd their brain wave activity, as well as heart rate and breathing, and reprted n hw relaxed, nervus, energetic, sleepy and stressed they felt. At 10:00 p. m., they were given sme “dwntime”, with quiet music playing. Half were randmized t hear three sngs while the ther half heard instrumental-nly versins f these same sngs.
Participants reprted decreases in stress and nervusness and increased relaxatin after listening t either set f sngs, and als shwed decreases in bld pressure. S-as earlier studies have als suggested- quiet music at bedtime was indeed relaxing at the time. Hwever, a quarter f the participants wke frm sleep with an earwrm, and the plysmngraphy data shwed that instrumental versins f the sngs were mre likely t induce these awakenings as well as ther sleep disruptins, such as shifts frm deeper sleep t lighter sleep. Taken tgether, the findings represent “causal evidence fr bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering earwrms” the team writes.
Why instrumental-nly sngs shuld have a bigger impact than music with lyrics isn’t clear. The three sngs used in this study were chsen because they were likely t be familiar. Hearing them withut the lyrics might have prmpted the participant’s brains t try t add the wrds, which might have made earwrms mre likely. If this is the case, all instrumental music may nt have the same effect. Hwever, the data frm the first study is cnsistent with the idea that instrumental music generally is mre f a prblem.
24．Accrding t the passage, the participants in bth studies______.
A．were required t listen t light musicB．felt their sleeping prblems reslved
C．had their sleeping quality mnitredD．prvided feedback n bedtime music
25．What des the underlined wrd “induce” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Lead t.B．Impact n.C．Break in.D．Fcus n.
26．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Earwrms are mainly caused by music with lyrics.
B．Bedtime music leads t high bld pressure and anxiety.
C．Quiet music imprves sleeping quality while lud music harms sleep.
D．Bth familiar and unfamiliar instrumental music can cause sleeping prblems.
27．The passage is mainly abut______.
A．hw instrumental music disturbs sleep
B．the pssible negative effect f bedtime music
C．hw peple can imprve their sleep quality
D．differences between music with and withut lyrics
（2023上·山东青岛·高三统考期中）
At the times in my life that I had been upset r angry, a gd hug was usually a very quick cure fr what was bthering me. After receiving a warm and genuine embrace frm a lved ne r friend, the tensin in my bdy wuld melt almst immediately.
Hw des a hug deliver such a remarkable effect s quickly? Tuch is a pwerful means f cmmunicatin and a great way t relieve the respnse t stress. Thrugh tuch, a persn’s intentin is readily discernible–yu can tell cmfrt frm ptential harm easily. In the psitive mde, hugs are ne type f tuch that relays the message: “I care abut yu. Yu matter.”
We require tuch with ther living beings t grw well. Children wh are nt held r hugged have significant develpmental and sci-emtinal delay accmpanied by smaller brains. This means that physical cntact is nt nly critical fr hw these children behaved, but fr the develpment f the brain itself.
Fr adults, tuch affects the respnse t everyday cnflict. Sme researchers interviewed404 adults daily fr 14 days regarding their health, cnflicts, hw they felt emtinally (psitive r negative), and whether r nt they received a hug. Peple wh had received a hug and had an interpersnal cnflict reprted feeling mre psitive with less severe negative reactins n that day. It has als been fund that hugging may favrably influence the rate f infectin frm a cld as well as symptms.
As hugs are a great way t relieve the respnse t stress, it is nt surprising that the number f hugs that a wman receives frm her partner is highly related t lwer bld pressure as well as higher levels f hrmne knwn as xytcin, cllquially labeled the “lve hrmne”.
Hugs, f curse, are a frm f tuch that share elements with ther types, like massage (按摩) as well as gentle, light tuch. Like hugging, massage is a great way t release tensin.
28．What des the underlined wrd “discernible” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Cmplex.B．Evident.C．Abstract.D．Varied.
29．What can we infer frm paragraph 4?
A．Hugs can settle the cnflicts.B．Hugs can effectively cure a cld.
C．Receiving a hug can cause psitive reactins.D．The researchers take educatin int accunt.
30．What will the authr prbably discuss after the last paragraph?
A．Advantages f tuch.B．Different types f hugs.
C．Fear f inapprpriate hugs.D．Psitive functins f massage.
31．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Tuch is a great way t relieve the respnse t stress.
B．Children require tuch frm lved nes t grw well.
C．Hugs frm partners can bring wmen lwer bld pressure.
D．Caring tuch can bring mental and physical benefits t peple.
（2023上·四川成都·高三树德中学校考阶段练习）
In the animal kingdm, mimics (模仿) are nt rare. Stick insects pretend t be twigs. Hawk mth caterpillars resemble pisnus snakes. The examples, thugh, are visual. Auditry mimicry is rarer. Danil Russ f the University f Naples Federic II thinks he has fund a nvel case f it, as he describes in Current Bilgy. Sme bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in rder t scare away wls that might therwise eat them.
Dr. Russ first nticed bat buzzing a few years ag. The nise struck him as similar t the sund f sme bees. He wndered whether bat buzzing was a frm f mimicry which helped t scare ff wuld-be predatrs.
T test this idea, he and his clleagues first recrded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with prtective clthing, they began the mre dangerus task f recrding the buzzing made by different bees. Cmputer analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar.
Then the researchers recruited several wls. They put the wls, ne at a time, in an enclsure with branches fr them t stay n, and tw bxes with hles in them. They placed a ludspeaker alngside ne f the bxes and, after the birds had settled in, bradcast thrugh it five secnds f uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amunt f insect buzzing three times in a rw fr each nise. As a cntrl, they bradcast in like manner several nn-buzzing sunds made by bats.
During the bradcasts and fr five minutes thereafter, they videed the wls. After analysis, the results were unequivcal. When they heard bth the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the wls mved as far frm the speakers as they culd. In cntrast, when the nn-buzzing bat sunds were played, they crept clser.
Dr. Russ believes this is the first reprted case f a mammal using auditry mimicry t scare away a predatr. They strngly suspect, hwever, that it is nt unique. Anecdtes suggest several birds als make buzzing nises when their nests are disturbed. And with the result f the experiment, he therefre predicts that auditry mimicry is far mre widespread than currently realized.
32．What was Dr. Russ’s assumptin f the study?
A．Only sme bats have the capacity f auditry mimicry.
B．The buzzing f bats is similar t the sund f sme bees.
C．Auditry mimicry is rather cmmn in the animal kingdm.
D．Bats imitate the vice f angry bees t frighten away enemies.
33．Hw did Dr. Russ test his idea?
A．By cllecting cmputer data.
B．By cnsulting experts in this field.
C．By referring t ther schlars’ analysis.
D．By cnducting series f scientific experiments.
34．What des the underlined wrd “unequivcal” in paragraph 5 pssibly mean?
A．Disappinting.B．Cntrversial.C．Definite.D．Uncertain.
35．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Animal Mimicry: Buzz ff
B．Bats: N Mre Victim t Owls
C．A Self-prtectin Behavir amng Animals
D．A New Trick t Scare Away Owls
（2023上·浙江宁波·高二校联考期中）
Cathy Brennan calmly paddled her bright yellw kayak (皮艇) dwn the Ptmac River, cntinuing her vyage, the latest f her sl trips n majr waterways. It was tugh, but it allwed Brennan t let g f everything else, empty her brain f the everyday chres and fcus n the nw. “I’m in the mment, lking at the waves.” said Brennan.
The jurney is a minimalist style: sleeping bag, small tent, rain jacket, change f clthes, first aid kit, apples and cheese sticks. When she’s thirsty, she scps water frm the rivers and pumps it thrugh a filter. “I always drink the river,” she says. Brennan lves being n the rivers, seeing the bald eagles abve, deer n the banks and a fascinating array f bugs and insects that never find their way int hmes.
Hwever, every few days Brennan will find a htel fr the night where she can get a shwer and eat a cheeseburger. She’ll als check in with her husband Jhn, wh has helped her select the river and research the trips at their hme. “He’s my virtual Sherpa with benefits,” Brennan says, laughing. She has a phne with her but rarely calls r texts anyne. Her children usually keep track f her via the transpnder that sends them her lcatin every 10minutes r s.
Brennan knws that sl kayaking is nt fr everyne and she’s nt reckless. Brennan grew up n a lake and was a strng swimmer and bater frm an early age. When ging thrugh rugh rapids, she watches the weather carefully. She is cautius abut where she camps and wh is arund her. She has packed up her gear and headed back ut n the river when she has felt unsafe.
Surely, she is alne n these jurneys but she isn’t lnely. She suggested that we all need sme discnnectin frm the wired wrld t find the wider wrld arund us.
36．What can be learned abut Cathy Brennan frm paragraph 1?
A．She lngs fr calmness.B．She seeks inner peace.
C．She is fnd f travelling.D．She is tired f everyday husewrk.
37．Why des Brennan regard her husband as “virtual Sherpa with benefits”?
A．Because he keeps track f her.B．Because he arranges the rute fr her.
C．Because he accmpanies her n the river.D．Because he cntacts her with calls and texts.
38．What des the underlined wrd “reckless” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Cautius.B．Fearless.C．Ambitius.D．Thughtless.
39．Hw is Brennan’s kayak trip accrding t the passage?
A．Odd and instructive.B．Rmantic and thrilling
C．Cstly and relaxingD．Tugh and rewarding.
考点
考查内容
高考考题设问
细节理解题
核心价值：
高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。
第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在体育融入试题方面，2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读题选取运动促进心脏健康的语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积极参加跑步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学生提高运动意识，保持身心健康。在美育融入试题方面，2022 年全国甲卷听力题选取一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山区支教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。
第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。2022 年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。
学科素养：
从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。
从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。
【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】C29.What des the underlined wrd“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】C30.What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in Paragraph 2 mean?
【2023年1月·浙江卷】B24．What d the underlined wrds “jump n that bandwagn” mean in the first paragraph?
【2023年1月·浙江卷】C 29．What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
【2023·全国甲卷】B24.Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1?
【2023·全国乙卷】D34.What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
【2022·新高考I卷】What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
【2022·全国高考乙卷】29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】24．What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
【2022·全国甲卷】28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
【2021·英语全国甲卷】29. What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
【2021年新高考I卷】C篇29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
【2021年全国乙卷】B25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
【2021年新高考II卷】B篇25. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?