新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题10 主旨大意题 （讲义） （2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题10 主旨大意题 （讲义） （2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题10主旨大意题讲义原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题10主旨大意题讲义解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共81页， 欢迎下载使用。

01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点【高考解密】
命题点01 标题归纳题
命题点02 文章大意题
命题点03 段落大意题
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 主旨大意题易错陷阱
05创新好题·分层练

命题点01标题归纳题
典例01
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷B】Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgramme at fur lw-incme schls. The prgramme aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighburhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgramme evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes.“We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgramme’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
27.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Rescuing schl gardens
B.Experiencing cuntry life
C.Grwing vegetable lvers
D.Changing lcal landscape
典例02
【2023年1月·浙江卷】DAccrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
35．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Pllinatrs: T Leave r t StayB．Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD．Slar Farms: A New Develpment
典例03
【2021年全国乙卷C篇】Yu've heard that plastic is plluting the ceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re­examine their relatinship t single­use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse，” a pair f 10­ft­tall plastic waves, frzen mid­crash. Made f 168，000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce (来源) f plastic pllutin, but they've recently cme under fire because mst peple dn't need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that's part f Vn Wng's artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad's wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic，” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10，000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they'd been dumped (倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
31．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Artists' Opinins n Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C．Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D．Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
命题点02文章大意题
典例01
【2023年1月·浙江卷】B Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I was living with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.
Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back. I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars, and have s little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.
Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
As yu make yur lifestyle changes, yu may find yurself wanting t speak up fr yurself if thers cmment n what yu’re ding, which can turn itself int a whle husehld debate. If yu have individuals wh are nt n bard, yur wrds prbably wn’t d much and can ften leave yu feeling mre discuraged.
S here is my advice: Lead by actin.
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t get n well with ther family members.
B．Hw t have ne’s wn persnal space at hme.
C．Hw t live a zer waste lifestyle in a husehld.
D．Hw t cntrl the budget when buying grceries.
典例02
【2020·全国新课标II】 Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.242
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A mathematical methd.B．A scientific study.
C．A wman psychlgistD．A teaching prgram.
典例03
【2020·全国新课标III】With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.318
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries. B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain. D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
命题点03 段落大意题
典例01
【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷D】This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent,the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
32.What is Paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A.The methds f estimatin.
B.The underlying lgic f the effect.
C.The causes f peple’s errrs.
D.The design f Galtn’s experiment.
典例02
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】
5: Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
典例03
【2020年全国卷ⅢB篇】The creative team behind “Apes” used mtin­capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr's perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic­lking ape.
25．What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A．The cst f making “Apes.”
B．The creatin f digitalized apes.
C．The publicity abut “Apes.”
D．The perfrmance f real apes.
一、标题归纳题
三大方法定标题
最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：
① 概括--准确而又简短;
② 针对性--标题外延正好与文章内容相符;
③ 题目--能引发读者的阅读欲望。
三大方法：
① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
② 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；
③ 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。二、主旨大意题
根据位置确定主题句:
主题句在文首
文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。作者在首段常常亮出观点、表明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句,所以要认真阅读文章首句。
主题句在文末
有的主题句放在文章的末尾,先摆出事实细节，最后总结, 从而形成强有力的结论, 要求考生耐心地读完全文。
有时主题句首尾呼应，开篇先提出主题，结尾再次升华主题。
主题句在文中或隐含
主题句在段中间或隐含在文中, 让读者很难发现, 这种情况难度较大,考生要通观全文,分清主旨细节,进行归纳推理。最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。解答此类题时考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等,分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论,捕捉与题目有关的信息,从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。
三、段落大意题
通过结构或暗示概括段落大意
根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式
通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
考向01-标题归纳题
【2023·河北沧州·沧州市第二中学校联考三模】The Amazn Rainfrest is the largest rainfrest in the wrld. This extrardinary trpical jungle is rughly the same size as 48 states in the U. S. The Amazn surrunds the Amazn River and its many tributaries. The Amazn River is the largest river in the wrld by vlume discharged. It stretches 4, 225 miles — frm the peaks f the Peruvian Andes t the beautiful beaches f Brazil.
Scientists estimate there are 390 billin trees in the Amazn Rainfrest, including ver 16, 000 species. The Amazn supprts at least 427 mammal species, 3, 000 species f freshwater fish, ver 1, 300 species f birds, 378 types f reptiles, and 400 species f amphibians. Ntice hw we didn’t mentin any invertebrates (无脊椎动物), like insects and arachnids? That’s because the Amazn’s gargantuan ppulatin f invertebrate species climbs well int the millins. And that nly includes the species we’ve identified s far!
But hw des this giant ecsystem supprt s many diverse rganisms? Scientists divide the Amazn int fur eclgical layers: the frest flr, the understry, the canpy and the verstry. Each layer plays an imprtant rle in the health and survival f the rainfrest. The frest flr is where the rainfrest finds its humble beginnings.
The rts f twering trees grw in thick, lw-nutrient sil laid ver a layer f vlcanic rck. Withut deep, rich sil, the frest flr’s trpical vegetatin depends n decmpsers (分解物), like bacteria, fungi (真菌) and insects. These essential rganisms pull nutrients frm dead rganic material, like leaves, wd, and animal bdies.
Vital fr nutrient cycling, vigrus mushrms, like the scarlet cup and the veiled lady, decrate the frest flr. Sme f these fungi can give ut light. When the sun sets ver the Amazn, these radiant mushrms light the frest flr like magical nightlights. Very little sunlight penetrates (穿透) the upper layers f the rainfrest, s the frest flr remains dark and damp year-rund.
27．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．The Secrets f the Amazn Rainfrest
B．The Functins f the Amazn Rainfrest
C．The Evlutin Histry f the Amazn Rainfrest
D．The Imprtance f Prtecting the Amazn Rainfrest
考向02-文章大意题
【江西省八校高三第一次联考】Whether it's the slw drifting apart frm a childhd friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, r ne f the many relatinships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, lsing smene that yu thught wuld always be in yur life is deeply jarring.
But friendship breakups will happen ver the curse f ur lives, and we need t start learning hw t deal with them in healthy ways, says friendship cach Danielle Bayard Jacksn.
The mst significant thing we need t d, says Jacksn, is nrmalize the fact that smetimes friendships d end and that can actually be healthy. Hwever, we haven't been taught t carry this expectatin int ur friend relatinships.
“We’re nt lking at ur friends thrugh a lens (透镜) f ‘Gsh,I hpe this wrks ut’, but we’ll d that with a rmantic partner fr sure,” says Jacksn. “ With a partner, we wnder if they're ging t be the ne. But with friends, we assume they' re the ne frm the minute we establish that we like each ther.”
And because we dn't view the lss f a friendship as a nrmal ccurrence, it feels like a persnal failing when it happens and smething we shuld be ashamed f. Or, as Jacksn puts it, “If friendship is suppsed t be easy and yurs ended, what did yu d wrng?”
But that isn't the case.
Friendships, like any relatinship, smetimes aren't meant t be and even if they are, maintaining them takes real wrk. Kristen Newtn has been interested in this wrk fr years and funded HEART Cnvs, which aims t help peple wh feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind f pen and hnest cmmunicatin that keeps a friendship healthy.
“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance f ur scial cnnectins and friendship. Yet we recgnize the weight that they carry when they dn't wrk ut, and we experience that hurt and disappintment,” she says.
12．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t regain a friendship that has ended.
B．The lss f a friendship is a nrmal ccurrence.
C．Why friendship breaks up ver the curse f ur lives.
D．Many relatinships have fallen away during the pandemic.
考向03-段落大意题
【2023届安徽省A10联盟高考最后一卷】When I was a kid, a sycamre (枫树) grew in frnt f my hme. At the age f 10, I was just tall enugh t reach its lwest branch and lift myself int its embrace. Smetimes tw r three f my friends wuld jin me in the sycamre, r in the maple dwn the street, r Mrs. DiMarc’s ld peach tree, sme f whse stut hrizntal branches allwed us t sit shulder t shulder, eating sweet fruit.
In my small twn there are sme kinds f trees, their branches spreading wide, pen fr business. But I have nt yet seen a climber. Perhaps cmputer games have replaced tree climbing, r maybe the activity went the way f mnkey bars, which came t be viewed as t risky and have largely disappeared frm playgrunds.
It is a sad lss. I have always believed that, since lw-hanging branches prvide n benefit t the tree, they must be meant fr the child. Rbert Frst understd this when he wrte:
When I see baches (桦树) bend t left and right,
Acrss the lines f straighter darker trees,
I like t think sme by’s been swinging them.
My nly disagreement with Frst is his inference that tree climbing is a gender-specific task. Bth bys and girls make a jyful climb.
The campus f the university where I teach has all srts f trees. During a recent walk, I fund myself bending under the branch f an immense spruce (云杉). I grabbed the thing, and a mment later was sitting n a branch. Then the memries came flding back. The ld sycamre, the friends, and finally, the reluctance t return t earth when the parental call t supper came.
I was s lst in my thughts that I didn’t hear the student calling t me frm belw. He asked what I was ding. I didn’t waste time n explanatins. “Cme n up,” I said “The air’s fine.” But he nly laughed and waved me ff. He didn’t knw what he was missing.
5．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．Why kids dn’t climb trees.
B．Why mnkey bars are dangerus.
C．Why there is n business under trees.
D．Why kids are addicted t cmputer games.
主旨大意题三大易错陷阱
【易错点易错陷阱一】 标题归纳易错陷阱
【浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题】The scientist’s jb is t figure ut hw the wrld wrks, t “trture (拷问)” Nature t reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philspher Francis Bacn described it. But wh are these peple in the lab cats (r sprts jackets, r T-shirts and jeans) and hw d they wrk? It turns ut that there is a gd deal f mystery surrunding the mystery-slvers.
“One f the greatest mysteries is the questin f what it is abut human beings — brains, educatin, culture etc. that makes them capable f ding science at all,” said Clin Allen, a cgnitive scientist at Indiana University.
Tw vital ingredients seem t be necessary t make a scientist: the curisity t seek ut mysteries and the creativity t slve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level f curisity,” reads a 2007 reprt n scientific creativity. “They g further and deeper int basic questins shwing a passin fr knwledge fr its wn sake.” Max Planck, ne f the fathers f quantum physics, nce said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imaginatin, fr new ideas are nt generated by deductin (推论), but by an artistically creative imaginatin.”
ng as ur best technlgy fr seeing inside the brain requires subjects t lie nearly mtinless while surrunded by a giant magnet, we’re nly ging t make limited pr gress n these questins,” Allen said.
What is a suitable title fr the text?
Wh Are The Mystery-slvers
B．Scientists Are Nt Brn But Made
C．Great Mystery: What Makes A Scientist
D．Slving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind
【易错点易错陷阱二】 文章大意易错陷阱
【江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题】New bi-plastics are being made in labratries frm straw, wd chips and fd waste, with researchers aiming t replace il as the surce f the wrld’s plastic.
The new appraches include genetically mdifying bacteria t eat wd and prduce useful chemicals. But the bi-plastics are currently significantly mre expensive t make than fssil fuel-based plastics.
Land and seas arund the wrld, frm high muntains t deep ceans, have becme plluted with plastic, prmpting majr public cncern. The wrld has prduced 8bn tns f plastic since the 1950s and demand is still rising.
While sme waste plastic is recycled, much f it is burnt t prduce electricity, resulting in carbn emissins that drive climate change. In cntrast t plastic made frm il, plastics made frm plant-based materials nly release the carbn the plants absrbed frm the air as they grew. Bi-plastics will als give mre ptins fr prducts that bidegrade (生物降解) in the envirnment, althugh they can be made very lng-lasting if required.
“Plastics are an incredible enhancement t ur daily lives,” said Paul Mines, CEO f Bime Technlgies in the UK, which has spent t5m in the last five years n bi-plastics research. “But we can’t g n using fssil fuel-based materials. Abut 6-7% f every barrel (桶) f il is used t make plastics.”
“Using plant materials is feasible,” said prfessr Simn, at the University f Yrk. “Replacing half f the natin’s plastic bttles culd be dne using just 3% f the sugar beet crp, 5% f wheat straw r 2.5% f fd waste,” he said.
Currently, just a few thusand tns f bi-plastic are used in the UK each year, cmpared t millins f tns f cnventinal plastic. Mines said this culd rise t abut 20,000 tns in the next five years.
What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Plastics arc necessary in daily life. B．Oil is the surce f the wrld’s plastic.
C．Biplastic making is a prmising industry.D．Scientists are researching biplastic making.
【易错点易错陷阱三】 段落大意易错陷阱
【江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题】As a kid grwing up in a suburb f Lndn. I lved t g lking fr the perfect park bench. Sme Sunday mrnings, my dad culd be persuaded t drive t new parks. We’d have a kick-arund with a sccer ball, share a bag f Drits and check ut all the benches in the area, reading the wrds n them.
The gd park bench leaves me in a state, smewhere between nstalgia (怀旧) and eager anticipatin. Where nce I was excited by the wrds carved n wd, I nw find, as a 10-year-ld, that I’m mre appreciative f each bench’s quiet sticism (坦然淡定), the way they are willing t wait ut their turn in every weather, remaining available t all-cmers. Like a gd bk r piece f music, a park bench allws fr a sense f slitude (独处) and cmmunity at the same time, which is crucial t life in a great city.
Part f my bsessin with park benches is as spaces where histry settles. By planting seeds f curisity, and making space fr reflectin, park benches becme drs t the past. Maybe that’s the greatest pwer f the park bench: its capacity encurages the art f bservatin. A gd bench catches us in ur quietest, mst vulnerable (脆弱的) mments, when we may be pen t imagining new narratives and revisiting ld nes. Our masks are taken ff, hung frm the bench’s wrught irn. On ther nearby benches, babies are being burped. Glances exchanged. Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers read it .
Which aspect f park benches des paragraph 3 fcus n?
A．Design.B．Histry.C．Lcatin.D．Pwer.
（2023上·江苏盐城·高二盐城市大丰区新丰中学校联考期中）
In the US nly abut 3% f early childhd teachers are male. Experts say this may have a great influence n yung children whse understanding f gender rles and identity is rapidly frming. Research has fund that getting access t different teachers is f benefit t children. This means the yungest learners are mre likely t be expsed t a wide variety f games and cmmunicatin. It can als help them develp healthy ideas abut gender.
“In ur sciety and wrld, we tend t have very specific steretypes (刻板印象) f gender rles,” said Mindi Reich-Shapir, an assistant prfessr in the Brugh f Manhattan Cmmunity Cllege, and ne f the authrs f a recent study. “It’s necessary fr the kids t see ther pssibilities and paths they can chse.”
Althugh they largely felt supprted by clleagues and families, many male teachers surveyed stated that in their career as early educatin teachers, they did face scial and cultural resistance. Sme even nted that the parents were surprised r cncerned when they fund a male teacher with their kids. Mrever, the male teachers were smetimes advised nt t hug children.
Reich-Shapir and ther researchers have made sme suggestins t increase the number f male early educatin teachers. Lw wages have lng been cnsidered as a majr prblem in this field. Mre than 70% f male teachers said they intended t stay in the early educatin wrkfrce, and pinted ut that the majr mtivatr fr their cmmitment t their lng-term career was an increased salary. Thus, the reprt recmmended that all preschl educatrs be paid as much as the primary schl teachers. The gvernment shuld establish supprt grups and prvide guidance and prfessinal advice fr male early educatin educatrs.
Reich-Shapir said that traditinal recruitment methds fr early childhd teachers culd nt handle the gender gap in the field. He suggests prviding yung individuals with pprtunities t stay and wrk with children either thrugh training r vluntary prgrams, targeting grups f men wh are cnsidering changing their jbs, such as fathers and fathers-t-be.
17．Hw is the early childhd educatin in the US?
A．It neglects gender rles.B．It lacks male teachers.
C．It influences kids’ understanding.D．It expses kids t adventures.
18．What is learned abut the male teachers in the study?
A．They find it awkward t hug children.B．They fail t meet the parents’ expectatins.
C．They can’t keep up with female clleagues.D．They feel distrusted scially and culturally.
19．What is imprtant fr men t be cmmitted t early childhd educatin?
A．Higher pay.B．Jb security.C．Scial recgnitin.D．Better wrkplace.
20．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Early educatin: a specific targetB．Early educatin: a challenging field
C．Male preschl teachers: a vital necessityD．Male preschl teachers: a ptential career
（2023上·云南·高三校联考阶段练习）
“Hw much privacy can a pht shw?” This tpic has been discussed n Sina Weib recently, causing cncerns abut privacy awareness.
In grup chats, sme peple may pst their riginal phts. But that may give away yur hme address and ther infrmatin. Images ften cntain a lt f infrmatin and varius traces left by digital cameras r pht prcessing sftware.
This data, called Exchangeable Image File Frmat (EXIF), is a key tl fr many prfessinals. It can detail whether the phtgrapher used a flash, which digital effects were applied t a picture and when the pht was taken. EXIF can als cntain the precise GPS crdinates (坐标) f the lcatin where a pht was taken, accrding t CNN.
If yu take a landscape picture frm yur windw and send the riginal picture t a grup chat, it means that yu are releasing yur lcatin data t all strangers in the grup. They may even accurately infer yur huse number by analyzing the shting time and angle.
Nt just in a grup chat, sending an image in a text message, email, r ther delivery tls will als include the accmpanying infrmatin. S hw d we prtect ur privacy when sending phts?
The mst effective way is t avid sending riginal phts in grup chats. If it’s necessary, try nt t tap the “riginal picture”. Hwever, phts sent by WeChat Mments are autmatically cmpressed (压缩) by the system, and they travel withut lcatin and ther infrmatin, accrding t the WeChat team.
T tackle the prblem at its rt, we can delete and remve a picture’s EXIF data n a cmputer. If yu are using an IOS smartphne, yu can turn ff lcatin services fr the camera in the privacy settings. If yu’re using an Andrid, the settings vary. Typically, yu can g t the setting menu and switch the services ff fr the camera, accrding t CTV News.
There is ne mre thing yu can d — phtshp yur phts befre yu share them. What cmes with yur edited images is phts withut stred lcatin data.
21．Which f the infrmatin can nt be tracked by EXIF?
A．The time when the pht was taken.
B．The digital effects that were applied t a pht.
C．The place where yu are viewing the pht.
D．The GPS crdinates f the lcatin where a pht was taken.
22．What wuld happen if yu send yur riginal phts in delivery tls?
A．The phts wn’t reveal yur lcatin data.
B．The accmpanying infrmatin will be deleted.
C．Yur persnal infrmatin will be revealed.
D．The phts yu are uplading will nt be cmpressed.
23．Hw t prtect ur privacy when sharing phts?
A．Phtshp the phts befre sharing.
B．Send ut the EXIF data n the cmputer.
C． Switch ff lcatin services fr the camera.
D．Cmpressed the phts befre sharing.
A．abc.B．acd.C．bed.D．abed.
24．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Privacy Prtectin in Pht Sharing
B．Ways t Raise Privacy Awareness
C．Hw Des EXIF Wrk in Pht Sharing
D．The Imprtance f Lcatin Services fr the Camera
（2023·河北沧州·沧州市第二中学校联考三模）
Frm rdering fd t buying a new bk t making a charitable dnatin, mre and mre decisins that used t be made n paper are nw being made n digital devices like tablets, phnes, and cmputers. And this trend twards digitalizatin has many advantages, in particular when it cmes t efficiency and sustainability — but culd it als be negatively influencing hw we make decisins?
We cnducted a series f studies with mre than 2, 500 participants acrss the U. S. and China t explre the impact f the medium yu use t make a decisin, with a particular fcus n decisins with sme srt f mral cmpnent, such as whether r nt t make a dnatin t a charity, r whether t chse a healthy r unhealthy entrée (主菜) at a restaurant. We asked the participants t make a variety f these srts f chices using either a paper frm r a digital tablet, and despite cntrlling fr all ther variables (变量) , we cnsistently fund that peple wh used paper made mre mral decisins than thse wh used a digital device: Fr example, participants wh read their chices and made a selectin n paper were significantly mre likely t give mney t charity, chse a healthy entree, and pt fr an educatinal bk rather than smething mre entertaining.
Why might this be? Our research suggests that the key mechanism driving this effect is hw “real” the decisin feels. We asked participants in tw f ur studies t describe hw real a decisin felt, as well as the extent t which they believed the decisin as representing wh they were as peple, and they cnsistently indicated that making a chice n paper felt mre real and representative than making the same decisin n a digital device.
It may seem like a minr detail, but ur research shws that the medium with which yur custmers, emplyees, r cmmunity members make a decisin can have a majr impact n the chices they make. This has implicatins (暗示) fr marketers, plicymakers, and anyne seeking t encurage any srt f virtuus behaviur. Fr example, t encurage custmers t chse healthier ptins, restaurants might cnsider pting fr paper rather than digital menus. Similarly, parents and educatrs might pt t prvide students with paper rather than nline bk rder frms, t increase the chances that they’ll chse educatinal reading materials.
25．What d we knw abut the studies?
A．The participants are all frm America.
B．The participants are divided int three grups.
C．The studies pay special attentin t decisins with mral cmpnent.
D．The studies prve the efficiency and availability f the digital device.
26．What main mechanism is respnsible fr this effect mentined in the text?
A．The awareness f envirnmental prtectin.
B．Peple’s bjectin t trend twards digitalizatin.
C．The real feeling caused by making decisins n paper.
D．Peple’s care abut their identity when making decisins n paper.
27．What can we infer abut the research finding frm the last paragraph?
A．It has practical value.B．It needs imprvement.
C．It can stand the test f time.D．It makes sense in every situatin.
28．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．Pen and paper will never be replaced.
B．We encurage everyne t make a respnsible chice.
C．We make mre mral chices when using pen and paper.
D．Educatinal reading materials shuld be prvided in the frm f paper.
（2023上·辽宁铁岭·高三校联考期中）
It is reprted that abut 14 percent f Americans aged ver 12 have truble in hearing. And hearing lss increases dramatically t 50 percent r mre fr thse aged ver 70. It ften cmes n s gradually that many ignre it. Only an estimated 15 t 25 percent f adults wuld use hearing aids, and the use is lwest amng peple wh have less access t health care.
Hwever, recent research has revealed that even mild r mderate hearing lss in lder adults is assciated with cgnitive (认知的) decline. Older adults with hearing lss are mre likely t develp dementia (痴呆), and the likelihd increases with the severity f the lss.
In July, Frank R. Lin, a prfessr frm Jhns Hpkins University, presented results frm a first-f-its-kind randmized clinical trial. Participants are 977 adults aged between 70 and 84, including thse wh have mre risk factrs fr develping dementia and thse wh are relatively healthy. They received best-practice hearing care, including hearing aids. Three years later, hearing aids did make a difference t the participants in cgnitive decline. Especially fr thse wh were at the higher risk fr dementia, a 48 percent cut in risk f cgnitive decline culd be made if they gt hearing aids.
When hearing lss is untreated, the brain’s rganizatin changes, says Anu Sharma, an auditry neurscientist f the University f Clrad Bulder. In adults with mild hearing lss, studies shw a decrease in gray matter (灰质) in brain. Sharma fund early signs that visin and tuch areas f the brain cver and change underused hearing areas. Adults with hearing lss als shw mre activity in wrking memry areas. They need t make extra effrts just t listen, Sharma says, which may exhaust cgnitive reserves.
Hearing lss is als assciated with mre falls, higher health-care csts, and increased lneliness and scial islatin. “Hearing is fundamental t healthy aging,” says Nichlas Reed, wh wrked with Frank R. Lin n the cgnitive-decline study.
29．What can we learn frm the figures in the first paragraph?
A．Americans pay special attentin t their hearing.
B．Americans are unaware f danger f hearing lss.
C．Many Americans with hearing lss stay untreated.
D．Mst Americans are suffering serius hearing lss.
30．What did Frank R. Lin’s clinical trial reveal?
A．Hearing aids helped reduce cgnitive decline.
B．Hearing aids wrked n healthy peple.
C．Cgnitive decline culd result in hearing lss.
D．Cgnitive decline was unrelated t age.
31．What is paragraph 4 centred n?
A．What sign will appear befre lsing hearing.
B．Hw hearing lss impacts cgnitive decline.
C．Why hearing lss is left untreated by peple.
D．Hw ur brain discurages cgnitive decline.
32．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Hearing lss—a new factr cnnected with dementia
B．Cgnitive decline, caused by mre than hearing lss
C．Dementia—an incurable but preventable disease
D．Hearing lss, having limited access t healthcare
（2023上·山东青岛·高三统考期中）
Whether r nt artificial intelligence (AI) will be able t utperfrm human intelligence –and hw sn that culd happen–is a cmmn questin fueled by descriptins f AI in ppular culture. Key t this cmparisn is a clear understanding f “intelligence.”
One cmmn definitin describes as the ability f smene r smething t achieve gals in a wide variety f envirnments. We can cmpare hw well cmputers and humans are able t meet this definitin.
Cmputers start with many advantages. They have better memries, they can quickly gather infrmatin frm numerus digital surces, they can wrk cntinuusly withut the need fr sleep, they dn’t make mathematical errrs, and they are better at multitasking and thinking several steps ahead than humans. This makes them superir t humans at achieving sme gals, such as calculating cmplex mathematical prblems r srting thrugh large amunts f data. Hwever, mst AI systems are specialized fr very specific applicatins.
Humans, n the ther hand, can use imaginatin and intuitin (直觉) when appraching new tasks in new situatins. This makes humans mre readily able t apply their intelligence t a variety f envirnments, such as walking alng unfamiliar trails. This is smething machines ften struggle with.
Intelligence can als be defined in ther ways, such as the pssessin f a grup f advantages, including the ability t reasn, represent knwledge, plan, learn, and cmmunicate. Many AI systems pssess sme f these traits, but n system has yet acquired them all.
As AI systems grw mre sphisticated, they may becme better at translating capabilities t different situatins the way humans can. Theretically, this culd result in artificial intelligence that transcends human intelligence. The term “singularity” is smetimes used t describe a situatin in which an AI system develps agency and grws beynd human ability t cntrl it. S far, experts cntinue t debate when–and whether–this is likely t ccur.
33．The authr intrduces the definitins f intelligence t ______.
A．bring in the tpicB．help explain the issue
C．change the understanding f AID．crrect peple’s wrng view f intelligence
34．In which aspect are humans superir t cmputers?
A．Cllecting and memrizing data.B．Handling many tasks at the same time.
C．Dealing with new prblems flexibly.D．Creating new tasks in varius situatins.
35．Hw des the authr develp this passage?
A．By giving examples.B．By making cmparisns.
C．By quting experts’ pinins.D．By presenting research findings.
36．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．AI Era Causes Cncerns abut Intelligence
B．Definitin f Intelligence Varies in Many Ways
C．Will Machines Becme Mre Intelligent Than Humans?
D．Can Human Beings Cntrl Artificial Intelligence Frever?
（2023上·江苏无锡·高三统考期中）
Are yu gd at interpreting ther peple’s emtins? Then there’s a gd chance that yu’re als gd at understanding what animals try t say.
A new Danish-Swiss study published in the pen jurnal Ryal Sciety Open Science indicates that empathetic (能共情的) peple are als gd at decding (解读) animal sunds. Other factrs als imprve yur chance f cmmunicating with animals — yu are mre likely t be animal-empathetic if yu als wrk with animals, and the ability seems t peak in thse aged 20-29 years ld, accrding t the scientists.
“Our results shw that, based n animal sunds, peple are able t tell whether an animal is agitated (焦虑不安的) r nt and whether the animal expresses psitive r negative emtins,” says behaviural bilgist Eldie Briefer frm the University f Cpenhagen’s Faculty f Science. “This is true in cnnectin with a number f different mammals. We can als see that ur ability t interpret the sunds depends n factrs such as age, first-hand knwledge f animals, and nt least hw empathetic we are twards ther peple.”
The study was based n answers frm 1024 peple acrss 48 cuntries. They were intrduced t sunds frm six mammals: gats, cattle, dmesticated hrses, Asian wild hrses, pigs, and wild bars. The sunds frm the six animals were played t the study’s respndents tgether with sunds f human nnsense (胡言乱语) prduced by actrs. Afterwards, the participants had t guess whether the sunds expressed a high r lw level f agitatin, and if the emtins were psitive r negative. Fllwing the test, the participants were asked t take an empathy test that measured their empathy twards human beings. “It is a cnvincing test which measures empathy twards ther peple,” Eldie Briefer explains. “And we saw a clear cnnectin with the ability t interpret animal sunds.”
37．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic f the passage?
A．By stating pinins.B．By quting a saying.
C．By giving an example.D．By asking a questin.
38．Wh might be best at understanding animal emtins based n the study?
A．A 15-year-ld hard-wrking student.B．A 25-year-ld caring animal raiser.
C．A29-year-ld experienced hunter.D．A 30-year-ld friendly teacher.
39．What des Eldie Briefer think f the test invlved?
A．Dubtful.B．Reliable.C．Ineffective.D．Disappinting.
40．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Human empathy extends t animalsB．Emtin interpretatin helps animals
C．Sund interpretatin depends n agesD．Emtin expressin prtects animals
（2023上·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考期中）
Fr teenagers, is a sense f cmfrt mre cmmnly fund in sprts r arts? And hw might this relate t their reprted depressive symptms? A new research published by the American Psychlgical Assciatin suggests that teenagers participating in after-schl art activities like music, drama, and painting are mre likely t reprt depressive symptms than their nn-participating peers.
“This is nt t say that depressin is a necessary cnditin fr either a teen r an adult t becme an artist, nr are we shwing that participating in the arts leads t mental illness,” said lead authr Laura N. Yung. MA．f Bstn Cllege. “Hwever, previus research has revealed higher rates f mental illness symptms in adult artists. We were interested in whether this assciatin is present earlier in develpment.”
Interestingly, teens wh engaged exclusively in sprts and didn’t invlve themselves in any ther extracurricular activities were reprted the least depressive symptms. The researchers fund n significant difference in depressive symptms between teens invlved in the arts wh als did sprts and thse wh didn’t, suggesting that arts participatin, rather than a lack f sprts participatin, was assciated with depressin.
The researchers used data frm the U. S. Survey f Yuth cllected frm 2, 482 students 15 t 16 years ld. The survey asked teens abut their frequency f participatin in arts r sprts activities after schl, and their experience f varius mds r prblems related t depressin.
One thery the researchers prpsed fr the seeming link between the arts and mental illness symptms is that peple attracted t the arts might pssess certain cgnitive (认知的) qualities, such as absrbing a higher level f infrmatin frm their surrundings. This culd lead t general unhappiness and depressin, yet als enhance creativity and artistic expressin. The authrs suggested that persnality qualities linked t depressin, like intrversin (内向), might guide teens twards mre individual activities like the arts.
“When psitive behavirs such as being invlved in the arts are assciated with symptms f mental illness, it’s essential that we understand why,” said Yung. “Further research can address the questin f whether pssible psychlgical shrtcmings can be transfrmed int benefits thrugh the practice f the arts.”
41．What can we learn frm the research findings?
A．Art activities directly lead t teen mental illness.
B．Art participatin can be related t teen depressin.
C．Sprts are likely t increase depressin rates in teens.
D．Being depressed is necessary t becme an artist later.
42．Which has the clsest meaning with the underlined wrd “exclusively” in Paragraph 3?
A．nlyB．rarelyC．regularlyD．diversely
43．What is Paragraph 5 f the text mainly abut?
A．The verall framewrk f the research prject
B．The direct cause f the bserved phenmenn.
C．The theretical basis f the pssible cnnectin.
D．The methds applied in cnducting the research.
44．Accrding t Yung, what shuld fllw-up researches fcus n?
A．Hw t reduce depressive symptms thrugh sprts.
B．Hw t identify the psitive impacts f the assciatin.
C．Hw t prve the link between creativity and depressin.
D．Hw t turn ptential mental weaknesses int strengths.
（2023上·云南昆明·高三统考期中）
Mst ld, disused airprts are usually trn dwn t make way fr shiny new develpments, althugh at huge cst, but nt Tegel airprt, in Berlin, Germany. The deserted 580 acres will be turned int an ec-friendly living neighbrhd land, in Tegel Prject that fficials hpe will becme the blueprint fr future disused airprts.
After the airprt was clsed dwn a number f years ag, fllwing the building f a newer and mdern versin nearby, develpers began dreaming up the ambitius 5 millin square meter Tegel Prject. Thse behind the prject hpe it will address husing shrtages, pllutin and ther ban living prblems. It will prvide at least 5,000 hmes fr mre than 10,000 peple.
The entire prject is all abut being energy-efficient: vertical gardens (垂直花园) n apartment blcks, which is ne way t keep buildings cl withut cstly air cnditining. Every rftp is als ging t be fitted with slar panels which will prvide electricity. Spnge City technlgy, such as rain gardens, will help the city absrb as much water as pssible.
Althugh turning an airprt int a neighbrhd isn’t cmmn, it’s nt the first time it’s happened. When Denver’s main airprt mved t a new lcatin, develpers made the mst ut f the ld airprt and cnverted the space int a residential cmmunity with imprtant lcatins like hspitals, schls, and supermarkets easily reached n ft.
Next t the new develpment in Germany’s frmer Tegel airprt will be a cmmercial zne. The Urban Technlgy Republic is aimed at tech cmpanies that will be encuraged t pen ffices in the develpment, as well as a large city park that will stretch acrss half f the urban tech space. There will als be a campus fr the Berliner Hchschule fur Technik University. Cnstructin is due t begin in 2023, with the first areas pening by 2027.
45．Why did develpers cme up with Tegel Prject?
A．T make rm fr city gardens.B．T help slve rural living prblems.
C．T reuse Tegel airprt in a green way.D．T set a gd example fr future cities.
46．What can we infer frm the text?
A．Tegel Prject has prven cstly.
B．Vertical gardens are built n the rftp.
C．A city park will be the center f the Tegel airprt.
D．The practice f using ld airprt has been tried befre.
47．What des the underlined wrd “cnverted” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Transfrmed.B．Carried.C．Slid.D．Divided.
48．What is the suitable title fr the text?
A．Less Is MreB．Trash Can Be Treasure
C．Technlgy Makes a DifferenceD．Human and Nature Live in Peace
（2023上·云南昆明·高三统考期中）
A penny saved is a penny earned. And mre and mre benny-wise yung Chinese are abandning cnsumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by develping anti-cnsumerism cncepts.
Accrding t a survey by JD．cm, nearly 50% f respndents wuld use all means t save mney and mre than 30% plan t becme deal-hunters t fit in their budgets. Mre than 80% f Generatin Z Chinese spend less than 5,000 yuan ($737) a mnth. When shpping, they care the mst abut practicability, persnal preference and price, instead f brands, ppularity and brand spkesmen.
And mre than 600,000 users have jined a grup named Frenzied Mney Savers n Duban, a ppular scial media platfrm, where members share smetimes extreme ideas, tips, bks and everything t save hard-earned mney. Fr instance, sme recmmended uninstalling shpping apps such as Taba, Meituan and Pindudu and installing it each time yu really need t buy smething s as t hld back the urge t spend. And milk tea, cffee and takeuts are strngly ppsed by many.
Chinese have lng established and valued the saving culture with the cuntry’s husehld savings rate leading the wrld. Yung Chinese wh are brn in a relatively prsperus and abundant sciety have learned t get rid f the addictin t cnsumerism and use mney in a mre sensible and wiser way, which culd help create a mre healthy and upbeat scial vibe (社会风气), besides reducing the huge waste and damages t the envirnment caused by ver cnsumptin.
Just as the American writer Thedre Thrntn said, the habit f saving is itself an educatin. Yet saving is certainly nt the final gal, but spending mney where it truly deserves helps realize ne’s life bjectives. T save and spend wisely are lessns yung peple all ver the wrld have t learn.
49．Why are mre and mre yung Chinese becming benny-wise?
A．They tend t accept cnsumerism.B．They spend mney withut hesitatin.
C．They are shaped by multiple cultures.D．They are in favr f ecnmical life.
50．What may Generatin Z Chinese tare the mst when shpping?
A．Budgets and service.B．Practicability and price.
C．Persnal preference and brands.D．Shpping apps and platfrms.
51．What message des the authr want t cnvey in Paragraph 4?
A．Anti-cnsumerism is beneficial t scial prgress.
B．Saving mney can be many peple’s life bjective.
C．Many scial issues mainly result frm cnsumerism.
D．Yung Chinese are lucky t be brn in a prsperus sciety.
52．What is the text mainly abut?
A．There is n increasing need fr cnsumerism.
B．Old virtue f being frugal is still nt utdated.
C．Tips n saving mney are imprtant fr the yung.
D．Cnsumerism has an impact n ecnmic develpment.
（2023上·云南昆明·高二云南师大附中校联考期中）
In 1931, Americans were suffering thrugh the Great Depressin. It was The Gd Earth by Pearl Buck that brught cmfrt, the tp-selling bk that year.
Brn int a religius wrkers’ family in 1892, Pearl Buck left the United States and mved t China with her parents. Her educatin began at hme with her mther teaching her American schl things while a Chinese tutr taught her ther subjects, including writings f Cnfucius. In 1910, she went back t America t study philsphy. After graduatin, she returned t China and married Jhn Lssing Buck, an agriculture expert, eventually settling dwn in a small village in the nrth f China.
Had it nt been fr their first child Carl, wh had an unusual disease causing her t have truble learning, Pearl Buck might never have becme a famus writer. The reasn was mney. She needed it t pay fr her daughter’s care. She recalled why she chse China and its peple as the subjects, “If nne f yu want t write these wnderful farmers. I will write abut them. S, I wrte The Gd Earth.”
The Gd Earth tells the stry f a pr Chinese man named Wang Lung and his wife O-Lan. It recunts hw they wrk hard and finally make enugh mney t purchase sme land fr a farm. They stick t the land even in times f starvatin, themselves begging n the streets. Experiencing ups and dwns, Wang finds happiness in wning land and raising crps. He even frbids his sns t sell the land after his death.
Pearl Buck tld her China stries with hnesty and Americans were impressed by the new images f the Chinese ttally different frm thse in Hllywd mvies. The bk earned Pearl Buck the Pulitzer Prize and was later adapted int an Oscar-winning mvie. In 1938, she became the first American wman t be awarded the Nbel Prize in Literature.
53．Hw did Pearl Buck benefit frm her educatin?
A．She thught the best educatin lay in hme.
B．She highly appreciated educatin in the cuntryside.
C．She preferred Chinese educatin t Western educatin.
D．She gained a lt frm a cmbinatin f different styles f educatin.
54．Why did Pearl Buck decide t write bks?
A．Sme Chinese advised her t d it.B．She was in desperate need f mney.
C．She culdn’t bear the bring rural life.D．She desired a gd educatin fr her kid.
55．What can we infer frm Paragraph 4?
A．Gd frtune always favrs the characters.
B．Owning land is the lifeline fr Chinese farmers.
C．Chinese farmers lead a terribly miserable life.
D．The characters make a frtune by buying and selling land.
56．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The mral values f The Gd Earth.
B．The fighting spirit f Chinese farmers.
C．A wman writer’s sacrifice t save her ill child.
D．A wman’s great China-themed literary achievements.
（2023上·江苏泰州·高三姜堰中学校考期中）
Researchers have claimed a majr step frward in the field f rgan transplantatin after a mnkey survived fr mre than tw years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.
Scientists have spent decades wrking ut whether animal rgans culd ever wrk prperly and safely in humans withut them being rejected by the patient’s immune system, but the challenges have prved immense.
Fr the latest trial, researchers used a gene-editing tl called Crispr t alter genes in Yucatan miniature pigs befre transplanting their kidneys int macaques (猕猴). The mdificatins altered genes t prevent rgan rejectin and remve pig viruses that culd ptentially be activated in recipients.
Writing in the jurnal Nature, the scientists describe hw 21 mnkeys gt n after their kidneys were remved and a single genetically mdified pig kidney was implanted. Mnkeys typically survived n mre than 24 days when the kidneys were edited t disable three genes that triggered immune rejectin. But when the scientists added seven human genes that reduce bld cltting (结块), inflammatin and ther immune reactins, the mnkeys survived seven times lnger, typically fr 176 days. When cmbined with treatment t restrain the immune system, the researchers reprt that ne mnkey survived fr mre than tw years — 758 days — with the transplanted rgan.
Curtis, the chief executive f eGenesis, said the lng-term survival f at least sme f the mnkeys had put eGenesis n curse t satisfy the US Fd and Drug Administratin requirement t see at least 12 mnths’ survival in animals befre the team can launch a clinical trial in humans. “We are well n ur way there,” Curtis said. “There simply aren’t enugh kidneys t g arund. In ur pinin it’s the nly near-term practicable slutin.”
The team uses Yucatan miniature pigs as dnrs because at maturity their kidneys are rughly the same size f thse in the adult human. In the mnkey trial, the kidneys were transplanted at tw t three mnths when the rgans were much smaller.
Prf Tatsu Kawai, an authr n the study at Harvard Medical Schl, said the scientists expected the mdified pig rgans t perfrm better in humans than mnkeys because “they are a better match”.
57．What d researchers d with the Yucatan miniature pigs?
A．They altered their immune systems.B．They changed their genes t prevent rejectin.
C．They used them t prduce a gene-editing tl.D．They transplanted their kidneys int human beings.
58．Which f the fllwing statements is true?
A．The 21 mnkeys were implanted with a healthy pig kidney.
B．The mnkeys usually survived less than 24 days previusly.
C．Researchers remved three genes causing immune rejectins frm the kidneys.
D．Mnkeys can survive much lnger if their genes are mdified prperty.
59．What’s Curtis’ attitude twards the result f the experiment?
A．Dissatisfied.B．Dubtful.C．Cntent.D．Indifferent.
60．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．Mnkey survives fr ver tw years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.
B．A big breakthrugh has been made in the field f rgan transplantatin.
C．Animal rgans can wrk in an effective way in the bdies f human beings.
D．It’s high time t make sme adjustments t human immune system.
（2023上·江西宜春·高三江西省丰城中学校考期中）
When it cmes t the mst famus 20th century painters f the United States, Grandma Mses shuld be mentined, althugh she did nt start painting until she was in her late seventies. As she nce said t herself：“I wuld never sit back in a rcking chair, waiting fr smene t help me.” N ne culd have had a mre active ld age.
She was brn n a farm in New Yrk State, ne f five bys and five girls. At 12 she left hme and was in dmestic service until at 27 she married Thmas Mses, the hired hand f ne f her emplyers. They farmed mst f their lives, first in Virginia and then in New Yrk State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, f whm five survived; her husband died in 1927.
Grandma Mses painted a little as a child and made embridery (刺绣) pictures as a hbby, but nly changed t ils in ld age because her hands became t stiff (僵硬的) t sew and she still wanted t keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sld at the lcal drugstre and at a market and were sn nticed by a businessman wh bught all that she painted. Three f the pictures were exhibited (展览) in the Museum f Mdern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibitin in New Yrk. Between the 1930s and her death, she prduced sme 2,000 pictures: careful and lively prtrayals f the cuntry life she had knwn fr s lng, with a wnderful sense f clr and frm. “I think really hard till I think f smething really pretty, and then I paint it,” she said.
96．What des Paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A．An intrductin t Mses’s life.B．Mses and her childhd.
C．Mses and her children.D．An intrductin t Mses’s marriage.
97．What did Grandma Mses spend mst f her life ding?
A．Embridering.B．FarmingC．Nursing.D．Painting.
98．The underlined wrd “prtrayals” in the last paragraph means ________.
A．directinsB．stagesC．surveysD．Descriptins
99．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Grandma Mses and Her ExhibitinB．Grandma Mses: A Wman Pineer f 20th Century
C．Grandma Mses and Her PicturesD．Grandma Mses: The Best Painter f 20th Century
考点
考查内容
高考考题设问
细节理解题
核心价值：
高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。
第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在体育融入试题方面，2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读题选取运动促进心脏健康的语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积极参加跑步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学生提高运动意识，保持身心健康。在美育融入试题方面，2022 年全国甲卷听力题选取一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山区支教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。
第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。2022 年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。
学科素养：
从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。
从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。
【2023年1月·浙江卷】D35．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text? 标题归纳
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B27.What can be a suitable title fr the text? 标题归纳
【2022年全国甲卷】C27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text? 标题归纳
【2022年全国乙卷】C31. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text? 标题归纳
【2021年新高考I卷】 C篇31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text? 标题归纳
【2021年全国甲卷】D篇15. What is the best title fr the text? 标题归纳
【2021年全国乙卷】C篇31. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text? 标题归纳
【2021年新高考II卷】C篇11. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text? 标题归纳
【2023年1月·浙江卷】27．What is the text mainly abut?文章大意
【2022年全国甲卷】C31. What is the text mainly abut?文章大意
【2021年3月天津卷】C篇56．What is the passage mainly abut?文章大意
【2021年6月浙江卷】C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?文章大意
【2023浙江1月高考】 C篇31．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?文章大意
【2023·新高考I卷】D篇32.What is Paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?文章大意
【2022·新高考I卷】D14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?文章大意
【2022·全国甲卷 D】D32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?文章大意
【2021年全国乙卷】B篇24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?文章大意
【2021年6月浙江卷】C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?文章大意
【2023浙江1月高考】C篇31．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?段落大意
【2023·新高考I卷】 D篇32.What is Paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?段落大意
【2022·新高考I卷】D14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?段落大意
【2022·全国甲卷】 D32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?段落大意
【2021年全国乙卷】B篇24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?段落大意
【2021年6月浙江卷】 C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut? 段落大意
文章大意题
借助各段段落主题句归纳
段首；段中；段尾
借助文章主题段进行归纳
首段（新闻报道、说明文、议论文）；尾段（记叙文、议论文）
借助主题词或关键句归纳
文中出现频率较高的关键词进行归纳，多为主题词