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新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题16 完形填空之句间+语篇层次题3大技巧解密(讲义) (2份打包,原卷版+解析版)
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01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点一 完形填空
【高考解密】
命题点01 句间层次题
命题点02 语篇层次题
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 完形填空5大易错点
05创新好题·分层练
(解密高考命题点,每个命题点下面2-3道高考真题)
命题点 01 句间层次题
典例01
【典例9】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
I d knw hw upset the shp staff can get, but I try t persuade them t keep __47__.
47.A.fightingB.smiling
C.Waiting
【答案】BD.changing
【分析】 本题可以利用转折关系解题。句意:我知道店员会有多沮丧,但我努力说服他们保持微笑。由此可知,前后语义为转折关系。故选B。
典例02
【典例10】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
__55__ pening the dr and taking the pprtunity, they just 56.stare__at it and wnder,“What if it isn’t a dr?”
55.A.by cmparisn withB.in additin t
C.regardless fD.instead f
【答案】D
【分析】 本题可以利用对比关系解题。句意:他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样”。前后表示一种对比关系。故选D。
典例03
(2020全国Ⅱ卷·47) When Nicl retired and went t live in Sicily, he ________ the paintings with him. He hung them abve the same table he had mved frm Turin.
held B. left C. registered D. brught
【分析】由空处前的 “When Nicl retired and went t live in Sicily”及下文的“he had mved frm Turin”可知,尼科洛之前住在都灵,他把在都灵居住时拍卖获得的画“带到(brught)”了西西里岛。
命题点02 语篇层次题
典例01
(2021·浙江1月卷)
I was sent t the Crnad Natinal Frest fr my first 8-day __42__.We had t 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles t where we wrked.It may nt seem like a 44.lng way but in 35 ℃ heat and with a heavy pack,my legs were n fire.
…
53.Needless__t__say,I suffered a lt.But I knw whatever I have t face in my life I was there and I 54.survived.I think I am much 55.strnger__ fr having taken part in the prject.
42.A.turB.prject
C.campaignD.curse
【答案】B
【分析】 本题可以利用首尾呼应关系解题。根据文章末尾的“the prject”可知,本篇文章讲述的是作者
某个项目的经历,结合文末信息回到开头题目,可知作者被派去Crnad Natinal Frest是为了一个8天的“项目”。故选B。
典例02
(2021·全国乙卷)
Simply saying thank yu desn’t seem enugh in certain situatins.I was cnsidering this while wrking as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ag.And it came t me then hw much easier it wuld be if we had a range f wrds that express different 42.grades f gratitude (感谢).
My thughts were sn __43__.We had a wman patient wh was 44.recvering frm a knee replacement peratin.One afternn, while 45.attempting t get int bed she cllapsed (倒下) frm what was 46.eventually discvered t be a heart attack.The cllapse was disastrus, 47.requiring the emergency medical team and gd teamwrk.But she recvered, thugh 48.slwly,__and was ready fr discharge (出院) after fur weeks.
43.A.brushed asideB.put t the test
C.brught under discussinD.taken int accunt
【答案】B
【分析】 本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法:应有不同的词语表达不同程度的感谢。根据下文,作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。据此推断,作者在首段提出的想法很快经受了检验。be brushed aside“被漠视”;be put t the test“使受考验,使受检验”;be brught under discussin“被讨论”;be taken int accunt“被考虑进去”。故选B。
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内,在读懂文意的前提下,利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目,其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中,解题时需“瞻前顾后”,“综合意群信息”解答。即本句信息不足填,空格前后再找信息源。
技巧1 瞻前顾后揣摩语境
众所周知,完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”,更不是“独来独往”,所以正确领会和下文情节的发展发生这样或那样的关系,这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此,考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息,从而做出正确的选择。
1.【2022·新高考I】My husband, ur children and I have had wnderful camping experiences ver the past ten years.
Sme f ur ___21___ are funny, especially frm the early years when ur children were little.
21. A. ideasB. jkesC. memriesD. discveries
21. C考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们的一些记忆很有趣,尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas想法;B. jkes笑话;C. memries记忆;D. discveries发现。根据上文“have had wnderful camping experiences ver the past ten years”以及下文“especially frm the early years when ur children were little”可推知,此处指作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C。
2.【2022·新高考I】 I tied a rpe arund his waist t keep him near t ur spt. That lasted abut ten minutes. He was ___24___, and his crying let the whle campgrund knw it.
24. A. unhurtB. unfrtunateC. uncmfrtableD. unafraid
24. C考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他很不舒服,他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的;B. unfrtunate不幸的;C. uncmfrtable不舒服的;D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rpe arund his waist t keep him near t ur spt.”以及下文“his crying let the whle campgrund knw it”可推知,此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服,所以才会哭。故选C。
3.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Like many yung peple, Jessica wants t travel the glbe. Unlike mst f them, this 25-year-ld is ding it ___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last tw years traveling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre.
21.A.indrsB.nlineC.single-handedD.full-time
21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:与他们中的大多数人不同,这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indrs室内;B. nline在线的;C. single-handed单手的;D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last tw years traveling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre.(在过去的两年里,她和她的丈夫周游世界,从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知,这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。
4.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Thrughut their n-cst stays in ___25___ hmes, they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s ___26___ .
25.A.strangers’B.parents’C.c-wrkers’D.neighbrs’
26.A.favrB.defenseC.hnrD.absence
25.考查名词词义辨析。句意:在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中,他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的;B. parents’父母的;C. c-wrkers’同事的;D. neighbrs’邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行,所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。
26.考查名词词义辨析。句意:在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中,他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favr帮助;B. defense防御;C. hnr荣誉;D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
5.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】But huse sitting als ffers a level f ___29___ they can’t find in a htel. “It’s like staying at a friend’s huse,” Jessica says.
29.A.supprtB.cmfrtC.cntrlD.attentin
29.考查名词词义辨析。句意:但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. supprt支持;B. cmfrt舒适,安慰;C. cntrl控制;D. attentin注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家,可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。
技巧2 根据行文逻辑
完形填空行文逻辑境考点是高考中的必考点。行文逻辑考点是完形填空的重要命题手段,每年高考都考。
答题时,要树立起语篇概念,理清其结构布局, 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系,利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括:并列关系(连接词有and,while等);转折关系(连接词有but,hwever,whereas,nevertheless等);因果关系(连接词有s,therefre,thus,because, fr,since,as等);让步关系(连接词或短语有thugh,althugh,despite, in spite f等);条件关系(连接词或短语有if,unless, nce,prvided that,in case f等);解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.,that is t say, in ther wrds等);顺序关系(连接词有befre,after,and,first,secnd,then,next, finally等)。
1.【2022·新高考I卷】Anther time, we rented a bat in Vallecit Lake. The sky was clear when we headed ff, but strms mve in fast in the muntains, and this ne quickly ___28___ ur peaceful mrning trip.
28. A. arrangedB. interruptedC. cmpletedD. recrded
28. B考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们出发时,天空很晴朗,但山中风暴来势汹汹,风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排;B. interrupted中断;C. cmpleted完成;D. recrded记录。根据上文“but strms mve in fast in the muntains, and this ne quickly”以及下文“ur peaceful mrning trips”可推知,此处指风暴来临,作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。【提醒】but转折关系为我们提供了做题的依据。
2.【2022·全国甲卷】When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dg, Mlly, and a cat, Flra. While I was thrilled that he was an animal lver, I wrried that three dgs were perhaps t many, and my dgs might attack ___46___ , the cat.
46. A. FlraB. ChanceC. MllyD. Tilly
46. A虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者,但我担心三条狗可能太多了,我的狗可能会攻击猫Flra。根据上文的“he had a dg, Mlly, and a car, Flra (他有一条名叫Mlly的狗和一只名叫Flra的猫)”可知,此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flra。故选A。【提醒】此处Flra和the cat是同位关系。
3. 【2021·浙江省高考英语试卷】Everyne was s 20 and like-minded that it was very 21 t feel at hme.
20.A.cnfidentB.friendlyC.energeticD.curius
21.A.funnyB.gdC.luckyD.easy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. cnfident自信的;B. friendly友好的;C. energetic活力的;D. curius好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded”可推断,作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B。同类关系
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. funny搞笑的;B. gd好的;C. lucky幸运的;D. easy容易的。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at hme”得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投,感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D。同类关系
4. 【2020·山东省高考英语试卷(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 A fld had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number f birds. 25 , the number f snakes had declined as well.
25.A.BesidesB.HweverC.TherefreD.Otherwise
25.考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外,蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外,另外;B. Hwever但是;C. Therefre因此;D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知,洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且,它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。并列关系
技巧3 根据 利用情感态度解题
在快速阅读文章的过程中,仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是解题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助考生快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【真题典例】(2021年浙江卷1月) My jb was t 45.build a stairway ut f rck. This 46. meant climbing up and dwn the side f a muntain inhabited(栖息)by muntain lins, althugh I shuld say they were nly heard, never 47.seen.
Three days later,a beautiful stairway came int being. The 48 f knwing that my 49.wrk will be n that muntainside fr years t cme is massive.
A.satisfactin B.ambitin C.expectatin D.intentin
【答案】A
【解析】本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据划线处后半句“my 49.wrk will be n that muntainside fr years t cme is massive”,“了解我的工作成果(wrk)将会在未来数年都在这个山坡上”,作者对自己的工作有十足的满足感,故用 satisfactin“满足,满足感”。
考向01 句间层次题
(2023年四川省成都七中高三检测试题)Peple may misunderstand what they used t be familiar with. I remember a 41 prfessr, invited t ur schl, taught stress management principles in a schl hall 42. filled with students.
41.A.physicsB.chemistryC.literatureD.psychlgy
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我记得我们学校邀请了一位心理学教授,在一个坐满学生的礼堂里教授压力管理原则。A. physics物理;B. chemistry化学;C. literature文学;D. psychlgy心理学。根据下文“taught stress management principles”可知,这位教授教压力管理原则,所以应该是心理学教授。故选D。
2.(2023年福建莆田一中模拟测试) I said t my assistant. The ____42____ clleague cntacted my wife, Beth, and she drve me straight t hspital.
42.A.curiusB.reservedC.casualD.cncerned
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这位忧心忡忡的同事联系了我的妻子贝丝,她直接开车送我去了医院。A. curius好奇的;B. reserved寡言少语的;C. casual随便的;D. cncerned担心的。根据后文“clleague cntacted my wife, Beth, and she drve me straight t hspital”可知,同事担心作者,所以联系了作者的妻子,故选D。
3.(2023年广东省4地区高三联考)Jhnny ___45___ walked int the hut and sank nt the muddy brwn sfa. “Are yu kay, dear?” His grandma asked.
45.A.unhappilyB.unbelievablyC.unexpectedlyD.uncnsciusly
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:约翰尼怏怏不乐地走进小屋,倒在暗褐色沙发上。A. unhappily不开心地;B. unbelievably难以置信地;C. unexpectedly出乎意料地;D. uncnsciusly不知不觉地。 后文提到““Are yu kay, dear?” His grandma asked. “N!” ”根据前后文语境可知约翰尼郁闷地走进小屋,倒在暗褐色沙发上。故选A。
考向02 语篇层次题
(2019全国Ⅱ卷·45) Back hme, Ehlers was trubled by that _______ dg. S, fur days later, he called his friend Greg, and the tw drve back…
lcal farmer tld them the dg sunded like ne advertised as lst in the lcal paper.
A. injured B. stlen C. lst D. rescued
【答案】D
【分析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:回到家里,埃勒斯被那只走失的狗所困扰。A.injured受伤的;B. stlen被偷的;C.rescued援救的; D. lst丢失的,根据下文“A lcal farmer tld them the dg sunded like ne 8as lst in the lcal paper.”可知,这是有人弄丢的小狗。故选D。
(2021·八省市联考)
The mment I said it the assistant 47.shuted frm behind.“Hw dare d yu say that! Wh are yu t take us dwn, eh?”
I admit I was t __48__ at that mment and the uncle standing beside me was giving me an __49__ lk.
Frm that day n, I 50.cmpletely stpped jking abut anyne’s prfessin and wrks...
48.A.angryB.prud
C.scaredD.curius
49.A.anxiusB.appealing
C.encuragingD.awkward
【答案】48. C 49. D
【分析】 48.根据上文和下一段中的. jking abut anyne’s prfessin and wrks.可知, 作者当时感到害怕(scared) , 所以后来才再也不针对任何人的职业和工作场所开玩笑了。故选C。
49.作者和理发师的一句玩笑话让理发师助理很生气,作者被理发师助理大声呵斥, 旁边的叔叔给作者一个尴尬(awkward)的表情。故选D。
完形填空5大易错点
高考是选拔性考试,试题有难度梯度。因此,完形填空中总会有两三道较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点:①解题信息比较隐蔽;②干扰项迷惑性较强;③情感态度较难把握;④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目,考生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外,还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点,旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成,要三思而后判。
eq \a\vs4\al\c1(因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选)
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群,而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇,这就要求考生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目,一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答,读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。
【典例1】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)
My life as a tax-paying emplyed persn began in middle schl, when, fr three whle days, I wrked in a baking factry.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hugh Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little bunny (兔子) cakes fr all its 42.stres thrughut Cleveland.It happened that the plant dwntwn needed eight kids fr __43__ help during ur spring break,fr which I had n 44.plans beynd listening t my favrite recrds.
43.A.generusB.financial
C.technical D.temprary
【分析】 本题是典型的语篇层次题,只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的,此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据上文中的“fr three whle days”和下文中的“during ur spring break”可知,这里说的是春假期间,市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。generus“慷慨的,大方的”;financial“财务的,金融的”;technical“技术的,专业的”;temprary“临时的,暂时的”。故选D。
eq \a\vs4\al\c1(\a\vs4\al(因不能正确区分形/义近词(组)而,错选))
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词(组)或义近词(组)让考生辨析,因为形式相近或意义相近,无形中增加了难度,如果考生掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。
【典例2】 (2021·全国甲卷)
“I have 55.matured and I admit respnsibility fr my 56.actins,” he said in the letter.“I cme t yu, __57__, t aplgize fr the damage I had 58.indirectly caused and t ask yu t 59.recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel.”
57.A.hands in pcketsB.nse in the air
C.hat in handD.feet n the grund
【分析】 四个备选项在形式上非常相似,基本都是名词+介词+名词的词组,部分考生很容易因混淆而失
分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后“ fr the damage”可推测作者的态度是谦卑的,所以选C项hat in hand恭敬地(乞求或请求)。其他选项均不符合语境。hands in pckets双手插兜;nse in the air目中无人;feet n the grund脚踏实地。考生如果完全掌握了这四个词组,很容易选出正确选项。
eq \a\vs4\al\c1(因词汇理解障碍而错选)
在完形填空题的设题上,命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项,从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇,考生在平时必须高度重视,背熟记熟。
【典例3】 (2021·天津3月卷)
“It’s a really great 33.experience fr kids,” said a neighbr in an interview with the lcal newspaper.“Pruitt is certainly prviding a 34.service,__but it’s nt just the bikes.It’s the relatinships in the cmmunity.It’s the __35__ he can make n peple.”
35.A.cmprmiseB.impressin
C.impactD.prgress
【分析】 根据全文内容可知,此处表示Pruitt的行为对人们产生的“影响”,故选C。本题的选择难度在于A选项,“cmprmise 妥协,和解”对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇,一些考生可能因为词汇积累不够,又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。
eq \a\vs4\al\c1(因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选)
在最近几年的高考完形填空中,对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜,这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞,造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析,以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点,从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
【典例4】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)
Our __48__ in the factry were simple: Place cakes n a mving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nse.
49.Remve bunny frm the belt.
48.A.jys B.ideas
C.rlesD.chices
【分析】 根据下文中的“Place cakes n a mving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) the belt”可知,这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。rle除了表示“角色”外,还可以表示“职责,作用”,因此选C。
【典例5】 (浙江6月卷)
One day I 46.met a frmer classmate f mine wh was 47.making a lt f mney running a sideline (副业).Since his regular jb was 48.bring,__I asked him why he just didn’t d his sideline full-time.He said withut the jb, he wuld __49__ have t much time and wuld just d what I did back in 50.cllege.He said that if he 51.quit the jb, he wuld lse his 52.drive t wrk and succeed.
49.A.luckilyB.hardly
C.hpefullyD.simply
【分析】 根据句意可知,他说如果没有那份工作,他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实,简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义,我们比较熟悉它的义项是“简单地,简朴地”。由此可知正确选项为D项。
eq \a\vs4\al\c1(因惯性思维而错选)
在英语学习中,由于种种原因,如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一些思维定式,即不善于思考,考虑问题不全面,导致误解一些题目,从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况:
(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化,只记忆中文意思,而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如:表示“成功做某事”,不可以用succeed t d sth来表达。
(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
例如:学习了wait fr这个词组以后,有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait,后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择fr。但在“He stpped his car t wait at the red light.”中就不用fr。
【典例6】 (2021·天津3月卷)
Fr Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing t d was __19__ his stlen bike.But when he went bike shpping, he fund few available, which gt him thinking:What if the 20.lack f bikes was COVID-19 related, and what if the persn wh’d taken his bike really needed 21.transprtatin t get t wrk?
19.A.rideB.lck
C.repairD.replace
【分析】 普鲁特作为热衷骑自行车的人,自行车被偷,他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车,D项“replace”符合语境。故选D。但考生受思维定式影响,可能看到后文的“bike”就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配,从而误选A项。
(2024上·甘肃·高三统考期末)I fund a wnderful picture f Malan karst cnes nline and presented it t the innkeeper. “Yu can’t g there,” the innkeeper 1 me. “The viewing platfrm has been clsed due t 2 that t many visitrs culd cause gelgical damage.”
Despite ur disappintment, we 3 an alternative: a seven-hur hike thrugh the “funnel frest”. Initially, we were 4 t run the risk. Hwever, I had 5 the turism mtt in the nature reserve: “If yu dn’t d it nw, yu wn’t d it in yur lifetime.” Three f ur grup 6 decided t venture int the frest. The innkeeper respnded with a knwing 7 : “Great. Bear Grylls went there.”
The next mrning, we set ff with a lcal 8 . Rain came and went three times, and befre I actually 9 t climb ver the first muntain, I had already gt wet t the skin. I was a walking 10 f mud and water.
Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a btanist, intrducing the lcally specific plants t us, but I was hardly in the 11 . Every step sank int the muddy, sucking grund. Every lg r rck in frnt f us was a physical 12 . “One can never reach thse places withut strng willpwer,” I murmured, reciting that millennium-ld 13 , ver and ver again.
Sinkhles and entrances t undergrund rivers kept ppping up alng ur 14 . Thinking f them leading t an unknwn wrld, I began t 15 the rad that I can cntrl even mre.
Wandering in a green chas withut any bvius landmarks is als breathtaking.
1.A.answeredB.tldC.fllwedD.favred
2.A.newsB.mattersC.cncernsD.cnclusins
3.A.wrked utB.tk inC.set dwnD.ruled ut
4.A.unwillingB.surprisedC.calmD.inspired
5.A.frgttenB.prmtedC.interpretedD.nticed
6.A.shrtlyB.latelyC.eventuallyD.suddenly
7.A.tasteB.tneC.smileD.sigh
8.A.btanistB.keeperC.farmerD.guide
9.A.managedB.decidedC.plannedD.agreed
10.A.visitrB.mixtureC.lgD.stranger
11.A.eagernessB.mdC.humrD.pity
12.A.cntactB.energyC.activityD.challenge
13.A.predictinB.lineC.dealD.secret
14.A.ruteB.landmarkC.platfrmD.rck
15.A.guaranteeB.ignreC.dubtD.appreciate
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和同伴在“漏斗森林”探险的经历。在探险的路上,作者多次遇到下雨的糟糕天气,体力不支,心情低落。但当想到不断冒出的水坑和地下河流的入口在通往一个未知的世界时,他开始更加欣赏沿途令人叹为观止的风景 。
1.考查动词词义辨析。句意:“你不能去那儿,”旅店老板告诉我。A. answered回答;B. tld告诉;C. fllwed跟随;D. favred喜爱。根据前文的“I fund a wnderful picture f Malan karst cnes nline and presented it t the innkeeper. “Yu can’t g there,” the innkeeper”可知,作者让客栈老板看旅游地茂兰喀斯特岩溶锥的精美照片,客栈老板在告知作者不能去那儿。故选B项。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意:“由于担心游客过多会造成地质破坏,观景台已经关闭。”A. news新闻;B. matters事项;C. cncerns担心;D. cnclusins结论。根据空后的“that t many visitrs culd cause gelgical damage”可知,太多的游客可能造成地质破坏,此空应表示“担忧”。故选C项。
3.考查动词短语辨析。句意:尽管我们很失望,但我们还是想出了另一个办法:在“漏斗森林”中徒步7个小时。A. wrked ut算出;B. tk in理解;C. set dwn放下;D. ruled ut排除。根据前文的“Despite ur disappintment”和后文“ an alternative: a seven-hur hike thrugh the “funnel frest””可知,作者尽管失望,但是事情有所转机,此处应该是想出了可替代的旅游方案:穿越“漏斗森林”的七小时徒步旅行。故选A项。
4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:一开始,我们不愿意冒这个险。A. unwilling不情愿;B. surprised吃惊的;C. calm冷静的;D. inspired受到启发的。根据下文“t run the risk”和“Hwever, I had 5 the turism mtt in the nature reserve: “If yu dn’t d it nw, yu wn’t d it in yur lifetime.””可知,作者的旅游团队最终决定去森林探险,由“Hwever”一词可知,本空所在句子应为:“我们本不愿意去冒险”。故选A项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而,我注意到自然保护区的旅游格言:“如果你现在不做,你这辈子就不会做了。”A. frgtten忘记;B. prmted促进;C. interpreted说明;D. nticed注意到。根据前文的“the turism mtt in the nature reserve”可知,“我”注意到自然保护区的旅游格言。故选D项。
6.考查副词词义辨析。句意:我们三人最终决定冒险进入森林。A. shrtly很快;B. lately最近;C. eventually最终;D. suddenly突然。根据上文“Initially, we were 4 t run the risk. Hwever, I had 5 the turism mtt in the nature reserve: “If yu dn’t d it nw, yu wn’t d it in yur lifetime.””可知,一开始作者的旅游团队对探秘“漏斗森林”存在为难情绪,此空应指在“旅游箴言”的激励下,作者团队中的三个人终于做出了选择。故选C项。
7.考查动词词义辨析。句意:客栈老板会心一笑:“太好了。贝尔·格里尔斯去了那里。”A. taste品尝;B. tne音调;C. smile微笑;D. sigh叹气。根据下文“Great. Bear Grylls went there.”可知,客栈老板赞同作者团队的选择,所以此处应指客栈老板会意一笑。故选C项。
8.考查名词词义辨析。句意:第二天早上,我们和一位当地导游出发了。A. btanist植物学家;B. keeper守门员;C. farmer农民;D. guide指导。根据下文“Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a btanist”可知,本空指作者团队在当地向导的带领下出发了。故选D项。
9.考查动词词义辨析。句意:雨下了三次,在我真正爬过第一座山之前,我已经浑身湿透了。A. managed管理;B. decided决定;C. planned计划;D. agreed同意。根据前文的“The next mrning, we set ff with a lcal 8”和下文“t climb ver the first muntain”可知,上文提到作者已经出发旅行,所以此处指作者在成功爬过第一座山前就已经浑身湿透。故选A项。
10.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我是泥和水的混合体。A. visitr访客;B. mixture混合物;C. lg日志;D. stranger陌生人。根据前文的“Rain came and went three times, and befre I actually 9 t climb ver the first muntain, I had already gt wet t the skin.”可知,作者在森林探险中遇上糟糕的天气,还没爬过一座山时就已经浑身湿透,再根据空后“mud and water”可知,作者浑身都是泥和水,成了水和泥的混合体。故选B项。
11.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们的导游50多岁,表现得像个植物学家,向我们介绍当地特有的植物,但我并没有兴致。A. eagerness急切;B. md情绪;C. humr幽默;D. pity同情。根据前文“I was a walking 10 f mud and water.”和“Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a btanist, intrducing the lcally specific plants t us, but I was hardly”可知,导游兴致勃勃,但作者因为坏天气带来的不便而感到心情低落。故选B项。
12.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们面前的每一块木头或岩石都是对身体的挑战。A. cntact联系;B. energy能量;C. activity活动;D. challenge挑战。 根据空前“Every step sank int the muddy, sucking grund. Every lg r rck in frnt f us was a physica”可知,作者每走一步都陷在泥泞的地面中,由此可看出要跨越木头或岩石更是一种体力挑战。故选D项。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我喃喃地说,一遍又一遍地背诵着这句上千年的老话。A. predictin预测;B. line话,言语;C. deal交易;D. secret秘密。根据空前“One can never reach thse places withut strng willpwer”可知,作者一遍又一遍用千年古语来鼓励自己继续探秘。故选B项。
14.考查名词词义辨析。句意:天坑和地下河流的入口不断在我们的路线上出现。A. rute路线;B. landmark地标;C. platfrm平台;D. rck岩石。根据前文的“The next mrning, we set ff with a lcal 8 ”可知,作者在向导的引领下探秘“漏斗森林”,因此他们会沿着一定的路线前行,因此本空所在句子应指沿着他们的路线看到的景象。故选A项。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:想到它们通向一个未知的世界,我开始更加珍惜这条我可以掌控的路。A. guarantee担保;B. ignre忽略;C. dubt怀疑;D. appreciate欣赏。根据下文“Wandering in a green chas withut any bvius landmarks is als breathtaking.”可知,在一片混乱的绿色中漫步,没有任何明显的地标也是令人惊叹的,这是作者开始欣赏沿途的美景的感受。故选D项。
(2023上·河北保定·高三保定市第三中学校联考期末)“Hi! Ms Brks!” It was Sunday mrning, my daughter and I were visiting a mdel hme when I heard a(n) 16 vice. Standing in the yard was a by. “Evans! What are yu ding here?” I cried, feeling surprised and a little annyed. “I’m helping my father grw flwers,” he answered 17 . Lking at his happy appearance, I std there, 18 .
Then my daughter pulled me away, but Evans stayed n my mind fr the rest f the weekend. Evans was a 19 . He was very fnd f plants and animals. 20 he struggled with his reading, he never nce cmplained.
Evans’s grades shwed n sign f 21 despite his determinatin. S I smetimes 22 whether he wuld be able t pass the exams. It was nt until we studied the life cycle f plants tgether that I changed my 23 . Evans behaved attentively. I had never seen him s 24 in the classrm.
In a class prject, I 25 a task t each student. That was planting a sunflwer seed in ne cntainer. Swing the seeds was 26 fr many f the students, but the grwing part was much less s. Except Evans, they all lst interest and frgt t 27 their sunflwers-t-be. Every afternn, he 28 the plants in his cntainer. Sme time later, few seeds successfully fully spruted (发芽) because f t dry sil, but the 29 in his cntainer were abut fur inches tall. At that mment, I saw that special seed planted inside him. And ne day, he wuld 30 just as his sunflwer.
16.A.impliteB.uncivilizedC.familiarD.female
17.A.murnfullyB.awkwardlyC.vaguelyD.prudly
18.A.warm-heartedB.pen-muthedC.easy-gingD.hard-wrking
19.A.gardenerB.vlunteerC.pineerD.racer
20.A.In caseB.Even thughC.Fr fear thatD.As lng as
21.A.imprvementB.cnfusinC.judgmentD.intentin
22.A.inquiredB.prpsedC.decidedD.dubted
23.A.determinatinB.lifestyleC.hbbyD.tune
24.A.tiredB.devtedC.casualD.independent
25.A.advisedB.admittedC.assignedD.asked
26.A.strangeB.difficultC.imprtantD.exciting
27.A.pack upB.care frC.mve awayD.shw ff
28.A.irrigatedB.cleanedC.filledD.plished
29.A.fruitsB.flwersC.shtsD.rts
30.A.appearB.fadeC.shineD.adjust
【答案】16.C 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.D 23.D 24.B 25.C 26.D 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了埃文斯是一个阳光的孩子,尽管他的学习成绩不是很好,但是他有着坚定的信念,并且做事非常努力。从种向日葵一事中,作者开始从担心埃文斯变成看好他的未来。
16.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:那是一个星期天的早晨,我和女儿正在参观一个样板房,这时我听到了一个熟悉的声音。A. implite不礼貌的;B. uncivilized不文明的;C. familiar熟悉的;D. female女性的。根据下文“Standing in the yard was a by. “Evans! What are yu ding here?””提到作者叫出男孩的名字可知,此处应表示作者听到了一个熟悉的声音。故选C项。
17.考查副词词义辨析。句意:“我在帮爸爸种花,”他骄傲地回答。A. murnfully悲痛地;B. awkwardly尴尬地;C. vaguely含糊地;D. prudly自豪地。根据下文“Lking at his happy appearance”提到他开心的样子可知,此处应表示男孩骄傲地回答。故选D项。
18.考查形容词短语辨析。句意:看着他快乐的样子,我站在那里,张大了嘴巴。A. warm-hearted热心肠的;B. pen-muthed张大嘴巴的;C. easy-ging随和的;D. hard-wrking努力工作的。根据后文可知,男孩在学习上表现并不好,因此作者看到他热爱植物时很惊讶。故选B项。
19.考查名词词义辨析。句意:埃文斯是一名园艺爱好者。A. gardener园丁,园艺爱好者;B. vlunteer志愿者;C. pineer先锋;D. racer比赛者。根据下文“He was very fnd f plants and animals.”提到男孩非常喜欢植物和动物可知,此处为埃文斯是一名园艺爱好者。故选A项。
20.考查连词词义辨析。句意:尽管他的阅读能力很差,但他从来没有抱怨过。A. In case如果,以防万一;B. Even thugh尽管;C. Fr fear that唯恐;D. As lng as只要。根据下文“he struggled with his reading”和“he never nce cmplained.”可知,上下句形成转折关系。故选B项。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意:尽管埃文斯下定决心,但他的成绩没有任何改善的迹象。A. imprvement进步,提升;B. cnfusin困惑;C. judgment判断;D. intentin意图。根据下文“despite his determinatin.”可知,此处应表示但他的成绩没有任何改善的迹象。故选A项。
22.考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以我有时怀疑他是否能通过考试。A. inquired询问;B. prpsed建议;C. decided决定;D. dubted怀疑。根据上文提到的尽管埃文斯下定决心,但他的成绩没有任何改善的迹象可知,此处应表示作者怀疑他是否能通过考试。故选D项。
23.考查名词词义辨析。句意:直到我们一起研究了植物的生命周期,我才改变了看法。A. determinatin决定;B. lifestyle生活方式;C. hbby爱好;D. tune调子,曲调,可引申为看法。根据上文提到的作者怀疑埃文斯是否能通过考试,以及此处“It was nt until we studied the life cycle f plants tgether”可知,直到一起研究了植物的生命周期,作者才改变了看法。故选D项。
24.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我从未见过他在课堂上如此投入。A. tired疲劳的;B. devted专注的,投入的;C. casual随意的;D. independent独立的。根据上文“Evans behaved attentively.”可知,作者从未见过他在课堂上如此投入。故选B项。
25.考查动词词义辨析。句意:在一次班级项目中,我给每个学生分配了一个任务。A. advised建议;B. admitted承认;C. assigned分配;D. asked问,要求。根据上文“In a class prject”以及下文“That was planting a sunflwer seed in ne cntainer.”可知,作者给每个学生分配了一个任务。故选C项。
26.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:播下种子对许多学生来说是令人兴奋的,但是成长的部分就不那么令人兴奋了。A. strange奇怪的;B. difficult困难的;C. imprtant重要的;D. exciting令人兴奋的。根据下文“but the grwing part was much less s.”为转折说明成长的部分就不那么令人兴奋了可知,播下种子对许多学生来说是令人兴奋的。故选D项。
27.考查动词短语辨析。句意:除了埃文斯,他们都失去了兴趣,忘记了照顾他们未来的向日葵。A. pack up把……打包;B. care fr照顾;C. mve away移走;D. shw ff炫耀。根据上文“Except Evans, they all lst interest”以及下文“Every afternn, he ____13____ the plants in his cntainer.”可知,大多数学生都忘记了照顾他们未来的向日葵。故选B项。
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意:每天下午,他都要给花盆里的植物浇水。A. irrigated浇水;B. cleaned清洁;C. filled装;D. plished打磨。根据下文“Sme time later, few seeds successfully fully spruted (发芽) because f t dry sil, but the ____14____ in his cntainer were abut fur inches tall.”提到仅有几位同学的种子成功发芽,原因在于水,仅有埃文斯的向日葵长得很高,因此推知埃文斯每天都给他的向日葵浇水。故选A项。
29.考查名词词义辨析。句意:过了一段时间,由于土壤太干燥,很少有种子成功发芽,但是他的容器里的幼苗大约有四英寸高。A. fruits水果;B. flwers花;C. shts嫩枝,芽;D. rts根。根据上文“Sme time later, few seeds successfully fully spruted (发芽) because f t dry sil”由于土壤太干燥,很少有种子成功发芽可知,此处应转折表示埃文斯的容器里的幼苗大约有四英寸高。故选C项。
30.考查动词词义辨析。句意:有一天,他会像他的向日葵一样闪耀。A. appear出现;B. fade逐渐消失;C. shine闪耀;D. adjust调整。根据上文“At that mment, I saw that special seed planted inside him.”可知,此处应表示埃文斯会像他的向日葵一样闪耀。故选C项。
(2023上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·高三校联考期末)Fr 35 years, Flyd Martin has delivered the mail t residents in Marietta, Gergia. On the day f his 31 , the entire cmmunity 32 t hnr this 33 mailman.
Martin became a pstal wrker with the United States Pstal Service shrtly after he graduated frm high schl and made many friends ver the years. A little girl named Mae 34 the stry f hw she dressed like Martin fr Career Day at schl. “I was s hnred,” the mailman said. “It 35 my heart.” Mae is ne f the many kids in the 36 that lve t see the mailman. That’s because Martin ften gives kids candies. And it’s nt just the children wh get 37 . He als gives snacks t cats and dgs he cmes acrss, t.
38 the packages he delivers and the treats he gives, Martin prvides the neighbrhd with smething mre 39 : kindness. Sme neighbr s 40 their mailbxes with flwers, ballns and signs, and the celebratin cntinued when his final day f wrk ended.
Mre than 300 neighbrs attended the neighbrhd party hnring Martin. Several std up and said kind wrds t hnr him. Then, Martin rse t thank the neighbrhd. “Thank yu fr 41 me. We’ve gne thrugh gd times and bad times tgether.” He said 42 he had lst his parents and many f his friends, he knws he still has friends in the Mariett a neighbrhd. “Yu are all here,” he said. “Yu were there when I 43 yu, althugh yu didn’t knw it.”
Martin desn’t have any children f his wn. 44 , he knws that even in retirement, he can return t this neighbrhd and see the hundreds f kids and friends wh lve him. “I lve yu guys. I say that. I mean it,” he said. “And that’s what the wrld needs mre f nw lve, caring and 45 and taking care f ne anther.”
31.A.retirementB.presentatinC.electinD.prmtin
32.A.brke dwnB.shwed upC.drpped utD.cut in
33.A.skilledB.ambitiusC.strictD.belved
34.A.madeB.adaptedC.sharedD.shrtened
35.A.tuchedB.fllwedC.disturbedD.attacked
36.A.fficeB.parkC.supermarketD.neighbrhd
37.A.tasksB.allwancesC.treatsD.suggestins
38.A.Regardless fB.Aside frmC.Far frmD.In case f
39.A.invisibleB.abstractC.cmplexD.meaningful
40.A.decratedB.paintedC.designedD.cvered
41.A.putting up withB.calling frC.caring abutD.living up t
42.A.even thughB.unlessC.untilD.suppsing that
43.A.suspectedB.describedC.criticizedD.needed
44.A.OtherwiseB.FurthermreC.HweverD.Besides
45.A.hatredB.sympathyC.cmplaintD.annyance
【答案】31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.C 38.B 39.D 40.A 41.C 42.A 43.D 44.C 45.B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员Flyd Martin退休那天,整个社区的人都来纪念这位心爱的邮递员。文章介绍了马丁和社区人们之间的日常交往和深厚联系。
31.考查名词词义辨析。句意:在他退休的那天,整个社区的人都来纪念这位心爱的邮递员。A. retirement退休;B. presentatin展示会;C. electin选择;D. prmtin晋升。根据后文“he knws that even in retirement”指邮递员退休了。故选A。
32.考查动词短语辨析。句意:在他退休的那天,整个社区的人都来纪念这位心爱的邮递员。A. brke dwn出故障;B. shwed up出现;C. drpped ut辍学;D. cut in插嘴。根据后文“Mre than 300 neighbrs attended the neighbrhd party hnring Martin .(300多名邻居参加了纪念马丁的社区聚会)”可知,整个社区的人都来纪念这位心爱的邮递员。故选B。
33.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在他退休的那天,整个社区的人都来纪念这位心爱的邮递员。A. skilled熟练的;B. ambitius有抱负的;C. strict严格的;D. belved钟爱的。根据后文“he can return t this neighbrhd and see the hundreds f kids and friends wh lve him (他可以回到这个社区,看到数百个爱他的孩子和朋友)”可知,马丁深受社区人们的喜爱。故选D。
34.考查动词词义辨析。句意:一个名叫梅的小女孩分享了她在学校职业日穿得像马丁的故事。A. made制作;B. adapted使适应;C. shared分享;D. shrtened缩短。根据后文“the stry f hw she dressed like Martin fr Career Day at schl”指女孩分享了她在学校职业日穿得像马丁的故事。故选C。
35.考查动词词义辨析。句意:“它触动了我的心。”A. tuched触动;B. fllwed跟随;C. disturbed打扰;D. attacked攻击。根据上文“I was s hnred”马丁感到荣幸,女孩的行为触动了他。故选A。
36.考查名词词义辨析。句意:梅是附近许多喜欢看邮递员的孩子之一。A. ffice办公室;B. park公园;C. supermarket超市;D. neighbrhd邻居。呼应上文“the entire cmmunity”可是梅是附近社区的孩子。故选D。
37.考查名词词义辨析。句意:不仅仅是孩子们得到了糖果。A. tasks任务;B. allwances津贴;C. treats甜食,款待;D. suggestins建议。根据上文“That’s because Martin ften gives kids candies.(那是因为马丁经常给孩子们糖果)”指马丁会给孩子们甜食吃,故选C。
38.考查介词短语辨析。句意:除了他送的包裹和他给的食物,马丁给邻居们提供了更有意义的东西:善良。A. Regardless f不管;B. Aside frm除了……之外;C. Far frm远离;D. In case f如果。根据后文“the packages he delivers and the treats he gives, Martin prvides the neighbrhd with smething mre”可知,除了他送的包裹和他给的食物,马丁给邻居们提供了更有意义的东西。故选B。
39.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:除了他送的包裹和他给的食物,马丁给邻居们提供了更有意义的东西:善良。A. invisible看不见的;B. abstract抽象的;C. cmplex复杂的;D. meaningful有意义的。根据后文“kindness”善良是比他送的包裹和食物更有意义的东西。故选D。
40.考查动词词义辨析。句意:一些邻居用鲜花、气球和标语装饰他们的邮箱,在他最后一天的工作结束后,庆祝活动仍在继续。A. decrated装饰;B. painted油漆;C. designed设计;D. cvered覆盖。根据后文“their mailbxes with flwers, ballns and signs”指用鲜花、气球和标语装饰他们的邮箱,故选A。
41.考查动词短语辨析。句意:谢谢你们关心我。A. putting up with忍受;B. calling fr要求;C. caring abut关心;D. living up t不辜负。根据上文可知马丁退休的这天,邻居都来庆祝,体现了邻居对马丁的关心。故选C。
42.考查连词词义辨析。句意:他说,尽管他失去了父母和许多朋友,但他知道他在玛丽埃特社区仍然有朋友。A. even thugh即使,尽管;B. unless除非;C. until直到;D. suppsing that假设。此处引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”应用even thugh。故选A。
43.考查动词词义辨析。句意:“当我需要你们的时候,你们就在那里,尽管你们不知道。”A. suspected怀疑;B. described描述;C. criticized批评;D. needed需要。根据上文“he knws he still has friends in the Mariett a neighbrhd.”可知,马丁需要朋友的时候,玛丽埃特社区的人就一直在。故选D。
44.考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而,他知道,即使退休了,他也可以回到这个社区,看到数百个爱他的孩子和朋友。A. Otherwise否则;B. Furthermre此外;C. Hwever然而;D. Besides此外。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系,应用hwever。故选C。
45.考查名词词义辨析。句意:“这就是世界现在更需要的爱、关心、同情和相互照顾。”A. hatred憎恨;B. sympathy同情;C. cmplaint投诉;D. annyance烦恼。根据上文“lve, caring and”以及后文“taking care f ne anther”指世界需要的爱、关心、同情和相互照顾,选项sympathy与前后文单词情感色彩一致。故选B。试卷
年份
体裁
主题
考查类型
语境
内容
(短语)
动词
名词
(短语)
形容词
(短语)
副词
介词
(短语)
全国乙卷
2023
记叙文
人与自我
完善自我
12
3
5
1
0
全国甲卷
2023
记叙文
人与社会
人际交往
8
4
7
0
1
新高考Ⅰ卷
2023
记叙文
人与社会
人际关系
6
7
2
0
0
新高考Ⅱ卷
2023
记叙文
人与社会
人际关系
7
3
4
1
0
全国卷Ⅰ/
全国乙卷
2022
说明文
人与社会
人际关系
7
7
4
2
0
2021
夹叙夹议
人与社会
人际交往
10
7
1
2
0
2020
夹叙夹议
人与自我
完善自我
6
8
3
2
1
2019
记叙文
人与自然
环境保护
8
7
4
1
0
全国卷Ⅱ/
全国甲卷
2022
记叙文
人与社会
人际交往
8
7
1
3
1
2021
记叙文
人与自我
完善自我
10
5
4
1
0
2020
记叙文
人与社会
文化遗产
11
4
3
2
0
2019
记叙文
人与社会
人际关系
9
5
3
2
1
全国卷Ⅲ
2020
记叙文
人与社会
社会关系
8
3
6
1
2
2019
夹叙夹议
人与自然
人与环境
9
4
5
2
0
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