新高考英语三轮冲刺重难点练习重难点15 语法填空从句（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语三轮冲刺重难点练习重难点15 语法填空从句（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语三轮冲刺重难点练习重难点15语法填空从句原卷版doc、新高考英语三轮冲刺重难点练习重难点15语法填空从句解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考考查到的有三大从句：名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。从近几年高考语法填空题来看，几种从句都有涉及，尤以名词性从句居多。定语从句包括限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句考查较多，尤其是which引导的非限制性定语从句。状语从句总计有九种。主要考查时间状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句。预计2024年高考从句仍旧占比0-2题。
近3年新高考语法填空从句数据分析
典例分析
典例一
（2022·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese gvernment recently finalized a plan t set up a Giant Panda Natinal Park(GPNP). 1 (cver)an area abut three times 2 size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry. The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that 3 (be)previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity 4 (increase)effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP 5 (design)t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, 6 leaving behind precius natural assets(资产)fr future generatins”. The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate 7 (ppulatin)and hmes f giant pandas, and 8 (eventual)achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
Giant pandas als serve 9 an umbrella species(物种), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China. The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species 10 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
典例二
（2021·新高考I卷）Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles’ sng “The Lng and Winding Rad”. 1 is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we 2 (human) are.
The ht spring at the ft f the muntain is smething yu must try after the climb. It will 3 (undubted) help yu get refreshed! The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the 4 (ht) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us 5 (astnish).
What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it 6 (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place. Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure 7 ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur 8 (ache) legs.
As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in 9 (I). While yu’re in China, Munt Huangshan is 10 must t visit!
（建议用时：8分钟/篇）
1.（2023·河北石家庄·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A vide clip f Zhang Huiyu, a Chinese girl with visual impairment (受损), 1 (passinate) reciting “Ode t the Yellw River” has recently attracted a lt f attentin nline. The 16-year-ld is a seventh-grade student in Tianshui Special Educatin Schl. 2 (suffer) frm cataracts (白内障), Zhang faces grave 3 (challenge) in learning.
“When I was in an rdinary primary schl, I had a hard time with study and I culdn’t read the papers clearly in exam. 4 when I came t the special educatin schl, I even fund a cmpletely blind teacher was giving a class, 5 inspired e t wrk hard t becme a special educatin teacher in the future,” Zhang said.
Fr the students in the visual impairment department, after receiving nine-year cmpulsry educatin, they wuld either g t high schl t prepare fr the special natinal cllege entrance examinatins r integrate int sciety with their 6 (acquire) vcatinal skills. In the past tw years, 57 students frm this vcatinal high schl 7 (take) the special “gaka” and 34 f them have been admitted t clleges and universities.
China’s regulatin n educatin fr the disabled requires access 8 nine-year cmpulsry educatin fr all schl-age children and adlescents with disabilities. N schls are allwed 9 (decline) their appeal fr schling. The 10 (require) is simplified as “full cverage and zer rejectin.”
2.（2023·河北保定·统考二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As night fell, the summer heat faded away. On the playgrund f an elementary schl in Zunyi, Guizhu prvince, nearly 200 children and teachers 11 (sit) n their stls (凳子) t watch the mvie 1921, 12 gives an accunt f the funding f the Cmmunist Party f China.
In frnt f them was a large white prjectr (放映机) screen 13 (tie) t tw bamb ples. Fr mst f the children, it was the first time in their lives that they 14 (watch) a mvie n such a“giant” screen,as there is n cinema in the village.
Xu Lngsheng, a 21-year-ld frm Beijing Nrmal University,and fur f 15 (he) fellw students wrked as prjectinists. Althugh the stry is set against a cmplex backgrund cntaining many histrical figures,mst f the children were still 16 (attract) t it, asking the cllege students a lt f questins.
The event is part f a prject, “Taking Mvies t the Cuntryside”, which was 17 (recent) launched by Beijing Nrmal University and the China Film Archive.The university is scheduled 18 (send)12 teams f students and teachers t arund50 rural areas, with Zunyi being the first stp and Ganzhu in Jiangxi prvince as the next destinatin. The prject aims t imprve aesthetic (美学的) educatin 19 rural areas, as well as prviding the students majring in educatin with 20 pprtunity t get a taste f their future career.3.（2023·河北唐山·统考三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1968, many precius relics were unearthed in the tmbs f the Western Han Dynasty including the Changxin Palace Lamp, which is acknwledged 21 “the first lamp f China”.
The brnze lamp bears the shape f a girl n her knees 22 (hld) a lamp. The lamp plate is n her left hand while her right hand, 23 is cvered by a lse sleeve (袖子), carries the lampshade. The brightness f the lamp and the directin f the light can be adjusted with a handle and it cntrls tw mvable shades. 24 (remarkable), the girl’s right sleeve traps smke frm the burning lamp il 25 channels it int the hllw bdy where water is stred, thus preventing the lamp frm plluting the indr air. Apart frm that, the six cmpnent parts f the lamp can all be taken apart, and 26 (be) easy t clean.
The delicate Changxin Palace Lamp prvides a glimpse int China’s glrius past, shwing 27 wisdm f ancient Chinese peple as well as ancient China’s achievements in science and technlgy. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic flame lantern 28 (inspire) by the Changxin Palace Lamp. Being a perfect 29 (marry) f green initiative and the Olympic Spirit, it uses duble glass and a hidden divisin channel 30 (reduce) the smke and carbn depsitin (沉积).
4.（2023·江苏南通·统考三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiaxihu blck, nce a run-dwn area in Nanjing, hused 810 families in an area f 46,900 square meters. Life there was 31 (cnvenient) due t narrw rads, ld buildings with n kitchen and bathrm, and pr access t public services 32 water, gas, electricity, and internet.
Hwever, with a histry f ver 600 years, the Xiaxihu neighbrhd had abundant histrical remains, and many residents were 33 (extreme) attached t their ancestral huses and the memries f several generatins.
After several runds f surveys and 34 (cnsult), the lcal gvernment adpted a new apprach t imprve living cnditins while 35 (preserve) the histrical elements. In 2019, the renvatin prject brke grund.
The develper first imprved water, electricity, internet, and gas access with a utility tunnel that fits the narrw rads. The residents 36 (give) ptins f remaining in their hmes r mving elsewhere. Thse wh chse t leave culd rent their ld huses t the cnstructin cmpany fr cmmercial purpses after renvatin, 37 thse wh stayed wuld be ffered a specialized renvatin plan 38 (base) n the huse’s practical cnditins, usually including adding a kitchen and a bathrm.
With mre empty rms and space, cffee shps, restaurants, and ther kinds f businesses have pened up. T date, 402 husehlds still live in the cmmunity, but their lives have becme much mre cmfrtable. A cultural square 39 stage is shaped like a semi-circle has been built, and the neighbrhd 40 (becme) mre rganized and attractive.
5.（2023·江苏·江苏省前黄高级中学校考二模）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填如1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Spken Chinese cnsisted f a number f Chinese dialects(方言)thrughut histry. In the Ming Dynasty, standard Mandarin was natinalized. Even s, it was nt until the Republic f China era in the 1910s that there were sme nticeable results in 41 (prmte)a cmmn unified language in China.
The ancient written standard was Classical Chinese and it was used fr thusands f years. Hwever, it 42 (reserve)mnstly fr schlars and intellectuals. Only after the May 4th Mvement did the push fr Vernacular Chinese begin. This allwed cmmn 43 (citizen)t read since it was mdeled after the linguistics and phnlgy f a spken language.
44 the difficulty in mastering it, Classical Chinese remains 45 (extreme) imprtant in the wrld heritage f languages. Classical Chinese＇s birth is related t the beginning f astrnmy(天文学), the 46 (cnnect) with higher spirits thrugh divinatin (占卜) and the frmatin f several Bks f Changes, 47 mst famus being the ne f the Zhu Dynasty. Therefre, Chinese is packed with great meaning and 48 (wise). It is nt nly a cde r a tl, but a language 49 gives light and guidance when 50 (receive) in a prper way. Classical Chinese has been the cultural backbne f all the great philsphies, spiritualities, and even arts nt just in China but all ver Asia.
6.（2023·江苏·校联考三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With its sails 51 (fly) in the wind, a wden Chinese sailing ship stands still amng teaching buildings. The ship, 52 is 8 meters lng and 1.5 meters wide, was made by a grup f students frm Fuzhu N. 8 High Schl.
Inspired by a typical Fujian-style trading ship, which was mainly used 53 the duratin f the Ming and Qing Dynasties, abut 30 students started building the ship with the help f their teacher and tw experienced craftsmen in March last year.
54 , building a sailing ship is far 55 (cmplex) than yu might think. The students first made and laid dwn a keel (龙骨). Then they needed t cut many planks (木板) t build watertight cmpartments (水密舱). 56 (make) the planks fit, they had t use an electric jigsaw t cut the wd. After that, they put the planks tgether and filled in the seams between the planks with tung il.
After the cnstructin wrk 57 (cmplete), Liu Xinyi and Li Beihng, tw students wh study traditinal Chinese painting, painted a bird n the stern, inspired by a myth abut the bird Jingwei trying t fill the sea with stnes. “The image 58 (symbl) peple’s mastery f the cean,” said Liu.
“It’s s great t mbilize students’ 59 (creative), imprve 60 (they) hands-n skills and inherit the spirit f craftsmanship.” said Zhang Shengzhi, the student grup’s tutr.
7.（2023·浙江·校联考三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词括号内单词的正确形式。
A new branch f the Palace Museum is expected t rise n Beijing utskirts ver the next few years t better shwcase the 61 (museum) cultural relics.
After nearly a decade f preparatin, cnstructin f the new branch 62 (begin) last December. Lcated in Xiyehe, a village in Haidian District, the new branch will cver mre than 100, 000 square meters, including 63 exhibitin space f ver 60, 000 square meters fr cultural relics and mre than 35, 000 square meters fr relic 64 (restre).
At present, ver 1. 86 millin cultural relics 65 (huse) in the museum. Hwever, nly abut 10, 000 pieces are able t be displayed every year due t limited exhibitin spaces 66 utdated ffices.
Du Haijiang, deputy directr f the Palace Museum, briefed the public n the prject in an interview with CCTV n January 26th, 67 (explain) that calligraphy wrks and paintings culdn’t be put n display during rainy seasns, in winter r summer, because f strict temperature and humidity requirements. Sme silk and cttn artwrks 68 (current) cannt be exhibited at all fr lack f the necessary envirnment.
On cmpletin f the new branch, it will be pssible 69 (display) between 20, 000 and 30, 000 individual relics each year. The new venue will be a mdern exhibitin space 70 multiple functins t prvide relic preservatin, repair wrk, and visitr services.
8.（2023·浙江金华·统考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Limiting the screen time f teenagers is nt as effective as intended. A reprt 71 (release) Tuesday shwed that the “teenager mde” n 20 Chinese majr vide platfrms, including Duyin, Bilibili, and iQiyi, 72 (lack) relevant cntent fr minrs as required, with sme shwing empty pages with n vides. Instead f adding mre educatinal and knwledge-based vides in the feed, many were filled with fd 73 (recmmend).
Intrduced in 2019 by China’s tp Internet watchdg, a 40-minute daily time use n yung users was carried ut 74 n nighttime brwsing was allwed. These features aimed t restrict the screen time f minrs, limiting their access 75 harmful cntents.
With the 76 (grw) ppularity f shrt vide apps, there have been cncerns abut the veruse f 77 (they) and their impact n yung users. A2022 reprt by the China Internet Netwrk Infrmatin Center said that nearly 40% f teenage Internet users encuntered “ 78 (healthy) and negative infrmatin”.
Over the years, academic experts and analysts 79 (criticize)vide platfrms fr ignring the flaws (缺陷) in their perating systems, thugh industry insiders claim that a shrtage f cntent tailred tward teenage users has psed 80 additinal challenge. While urging fr regulatry effrts, sme experts warned that t many restrictins culd cause ppsite effects.
9.（2023·福建泉州·福建省德化第一中学校联考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Hused in a small cntainer and measuring just 0.5cm lng, the weevil (象鼻虫) desn’t lk very 81 (frighten). Yet this species is the UK’s latest hpe in a new wave f bilgical ways 82 (cntrl) invasive species rather than using chemical and mechanical methds. The Suth American creature’s target is a flating plant 83 blcks rivers, cutting water xygen levels and utcmpeting native plants. As well as 84 (ptential) threatening bidiversity, the invasive species have a big ecnmic impact n Great Britain, 85 (estimate) ￡1.7 billin a year. Thse are the reasns why the weevil is at the frefrnt f a new wave f bilgical agents used in the UK after many relative tests have been carried ut.
The weevil I saw in 86 lab near Lndn belnging t the Centre fr Agriculture and Biscience Internatinal will eat the invasive plant’s 87 (leaf) and its larvae (幼虫) will eat the stalks (茎) frm the inside ut.
The weevils were first used in the wild in the UK last winter. Nw mre will 88 (release) in varius areas this year t deal 89 the invasive species. The next prblems will be whether the weevils can establish 90 (them) in the wild and be effective against the plant.
10.（2023·福建泉州·统考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空处填入1个适的单或插号内单词的正确形式。
Lcated in Guanghan city f Suthwest China’s Sichuan Prvince and cvering an area f 12 square kilmeters. Sanxingdui Site is the remains f the ancient Shu culture, which dates back 91 4,800-2,600 years ag, and is cnsidered t be ne f the 92 (great) archaelgical (考古的) discveries in the 20th century. This particular discvery is a strng prf f the 93 (exist) f the ancient Shu State and the integrative pattern f the multi-cultures f the Chinese natin.
In fact, as a cultural site,, Sanxingdui had cme int the ntice f archaelgists in as early as the 1930s, and 94 (explratin) were made sn. It all began 95 a farmer called Yan Dacheng dug ut a number f treasures 96 (accidental) in the spring f 1929. In the summer f 1986, thusands f rare treasures were unearthed frm tw large newly-discvered sacrificial pits (祭祀坑). The unearthed bjects are unique in shape and superir in techniques, 97 (cnfirm) the extrardinary creativity f the ancient Shu peple and their desires 98 (cnnect) with and understand the universe.
After sleeping fr 3,000 years, their awakening has shcked the wrld. When ur eyes 99 (caught) by the creatins f the ancient Shu ancestrs, it is 100 encunter with a civilizatin lst fr 3,000 years.
11.（2023·山东德州·统考三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(每空一词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Harmnius, elegant and emtinal, these rmantic features make Kunqu Opera ne f the mst lved art frms in China.
Brn in Suzhu, East China’s Jiangsu prvince, Kunqu Opera distinguished 101 (it) by the superb techniques f its rhythmic patterns and 102 (becme) widely ppular during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). During the Mid-Autumn Festival in Ming and Qing dynasties(1644-1911), pera turs ften gathered in Suzhu, 103 (stage)theatrical perfrmances in ancient China.
Cmbining sngs perfrmed in the Suzhu dialect, 104 (grace) bdy mvements, martial arts and dance, Kunqu Opera uses a 105 (vary) f mvements t express specific emtins. It als pays careful attentin t each detail. Wnderful mvements enliven the fingertips and unique 106 (tune) prduce a rich and petic wrld.
Kunqu Opera had a dminant influence n many frms f pera in China thereafter, including Peking Opera, 107 is abut 200 years ld. It is hence knwn 108 them ther f all Chinese peras.
As a typical example f Chinese culture, stries perfrmed in Kunqu Opera have transcended time and space. The Peny Pavilin, 109 (write) by playwright TangXianzu, wh is ften cmpared t Shakespeare, is still lved by fans frm arund the wrld.
A living heritage is 110 endless dialgue between the present and the past, and Kunqu Opera is a carrier t pass that legacy n.
12.（2023·山东潍坊·统考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever Sng Jing visits a museum, she makes a pint f checking ut the sectin n ancient bks. In additin t appreciating the wisdm 111 ( hide) in thse histrical vlumes, she fcuses n 112 they were bund (装订) and presented.
“It’s mre like a frce f habit caused by my jb,” says Sng,34, wh 113 ( fall) in lve with the wrk in the restratin divisin fr ancient bks at the Natinal Library f China in Beijing sn after her graduatin. This needs studying and digging int unique binding methds she hasn’t seen befre, while 114 (evaluate) the skills f masters wh bring thse paper treasures t light.
“ Yu can tell the technique frm the degrees f 115 ( cnsistent) in the paper’s texture (质地) and clr,” Sng says.
The Natinal Library f China is hme 116 abut 3 millin ancient bks, which in China 117 ( define) as manuscripts (手写本), bks and dcuments befre 1911, 118 year the last Chinese emperr quitted frm histry.
The seasns cme and g utside this wrkshp n the first flr f the library, 119 time is relative fr Sng and her fellw restrers. Their wrk is calculated nt thrugh “years” but “lifetimes”. Day after day, the 10 r s specialists are 120 ( full) absrbed in the duty f handling and healing the ld bks. The flw f time may be hardly felt, except thrugh the yellwing pages and the graying f hair.
13.（2023·山东烟台·统考二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Lin Zhanxi first intrduced mushrm cultivatin(培育) t the Gbi Desert residents f Ningxia, he didn’t expect such a phenmenal success. 121 inventr f junca, a methd that uses grass cuttings as substrate (培养基) fr grwing eatable and medicinal mushrms, has lng been cmmitted 122 expanding the methd in pverty relief.
In the 1980s, as a prfessr at Fujian Agriculture and Frestry University, Lin experimented with grass instead f lgs t grw mushrms because lgs weren’t 123 (ready) available fr many rural husehlds while grass, 124 leaves and rts can be used fr eclgical management, is an essential multi-functinal agricultural resurce. In 1986,Lin made it, and sn his methd 125 (adpt) by 51 cunties in Fujian.
When junca was made a key prject in the pairing-ff cperatin between Fujian and Ningxia in 1997, Lin advcated 126 (take) advantage f abandned cave dwellings(窑洞) fr grwing mushrms in Ningxia. The prject dubled the farmers’ yearly incme that year.
The success made junca 127 (prmte) in 506 China’s cunties and it was then intrduced t 106 develping cuntries. This wrld-famus innvatin 128 (bring) welfare t millins f peple s far. What tuched Lin mst during his jurney t ther cuntries t help develp junca technlgy was that a freign minister even named his daughter after junca in hnr f China’s 129 (assist).
“I feel I have a new missin 130 (shulder), even after China wins its battle t reduce pverty. I can still fresee the imprtance f junca in helping farmers better their situatin and imprving the eclgy and the envirnment arund us,” he said.
14.（2023·湖北·校联考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 10th anniversary f the China-prpsed Belt and Rad Initiative(BRI) 131 (mark)by academics and fficials n Mnday, with the launch f a schlarly bk, Walk Alng the Rad: Ten Years f BRI, intended 132 readers in Malaysia t learn abut the BRI frm multiple 133 (perspective).
Ouyang Yujing, Chinese Ambassadr t Malaysia, 134 (address)the event, saying that the publicatin f this bk was right n time. Since 2013, China has been sticking t principles f jint cntributin and shared benefits, wrking tgether t advance further cperatin in 135 (emerge)industries. In the past few years, 136 increasing number f Chinese cmpanies have been investing in Malaysia, especially in e-cmmerce, digital ecnmy cperatin 137 green develpment.
The ambassadr cited tw flagship prjects—the “Tw Cuntries, Twin Parks” and the East Cast Rail Link, bth f 138 have brught ecnmic benefits and created jbs in Malaysia.
Liw Ting Lai, c-rganizer f the anniversary, thanked the schlars fr making a great wealth f infrmatin n the BRI 139 (access)t the Malaysia public. “It is f vital imprtance t get this infrmatin easy 140 (understand)and btainable fr the public.” he said, adding he lked frward t seeing mre cperatin between Malaysia and China in diverse fields.
15.（2023·湖北·华中师大一附中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Falling arund December 22nd, the winter slstice (冬至) is ne f the traditinal Chinese festivals 141 als ne f the 24 slar terms (节气).
The winter slstice festival riginated frm the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD) and 142 (develp) well in the Tang and Sng dynasties (618-1279). Peple in the ld times attached great 143 (imprtant) t the festival. In the Han Dynasty, the festival was regarded as the Winter Festival and peple had ne day ff fr the hliday. Officials rganized the ceremnies 144 (celebrate) the day and peple visited each ther with delicius fd.
Traditins and custms fr the day vary 145 different areas f China. In the nrthern part f China, peple usually eat dumplings, and muttn t celebrate the day. In the suthern part, tang yuan and ndles are the festival fd. The dumpling is the 146 (essence) fd fr peple in nrthern China. After the winter slstice, it will becme clder and clder. By eating dumplings, peple think they can avid 147 (they) ears frm being frzen as the dumplings lk like peple’s ear.
Tangyuan, 148 is ppular in suthern China, is a kind f glutinus rice (糯米) ball with different fillings. It can 149 (bil) r fried. Peple think after 150 (eat) it, they will age ne. Peple als use it t present t relatives and friends.
试卷类型
年份
从句
从句类型
考查内容
题量
新高考I卷
2023
名词性从句
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0
定语从句
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0
状语从句
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0
新高考II卷
2023
名词性从句
表语从句
Why
1
定语从句
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0
状语从句
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0
新高考I卷
2022
名词性从句
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0
定语从句
限制性定语从句
That做主语
1
状语从句
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0
新高考II卷
2022
名词性从句
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0
定语从句
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0
状语从句
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0
新高考I卷
2021
名词性从句
主语从句
What
1
定语从句
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0
状语从句
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-------
0
新高考II卷
2021
名词性从句
-------
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0
定语从句
限制性定语从句
That/which 做主语
1
状语从句
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0
从句类型
连接词
作用/成分
意义
名词性从句
that
×
×
if/whether
×
“是否”
What(ever) / which(ever) /wh(ever) / Whm(ever) / whse / hw many / hw much
主语、宾语、表语、定语
(无论)什么/哪一个/谁、谁的、多少
when(ever) / where(ver) / hw(ever) / why / because
状语、表语
（无论）何时/何地/怎样、为什么，因为
定语从句
wh, whm, whse, which, that, as
主语、宾语、表语、定语
谁、谁的、哪一个、如...一样
where, when, why (不引导非限制性定从)
状语
何地、何时、为什么
状语从句
时间状语从句when, while, as；the minute, the mment, the first time, each time, any time；befre和since；till和until
状语
当时候；一...就...；在...之前，自从...，直到...才...
让步状语从句：althugh, thugh, as以及even if, even thugh
状语
虽然、即使
结果状语从句中“s…that”与“such…that”
状语
如此...以致
条件状语从句if, unless, prviding/prvided, suppse/suppsing
状语
如果；除非；如果
原因状语从句because, since, as, fr (原因分句)
状语
因为