高考英语语法词汇专项突破：01表解不定式考点及其时态语态全突破+巩固训练

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：01表解不定式考点及其时态语态全突破+巩固训练，共7页。

Part 1:不定式考点
【高考链接1】
【考例1】（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them____ (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
答案与解析：t be lifted。考查非谓语动词。句根据搭配allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift ut与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式t be lifted，故填t be lifted。意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。
【考例2】（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
答案与解析：t jurney。考查非谓语动词。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填t jurney。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。
【考例3】（2022年浙江1月卷）That apprach brught Cbb's air travel last year dwn by 75%, and she plans 110 （cntinue）the practice.
答案与解析：t cntinue。考查动词不定式作宾语。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan t d sth“计划做”，故填t cntinue。句意：他打算继续这个实践。
【高考链接2】
1. Passengers are permitted _____ nly ne piece f hand luggage nt the plane. (XXXX天津)
A. t carry B. carrying C. t be carried D. being carried
2. Mre TV prgrams, accrding t gvernment fficials, will be prduced _____ peple’s cncern ver fd safety. (XXXX重庆)
A. t raise B. raising C. t have raised D. having raised
3. The ability _____ an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself. (XXXX湖南)
A. expressing B. expressed C. t express D. t be expressed
4. We were astnished _____ the temple still in its riginal cnditin. (XXXX辽宁)
A. finding B. t find C. find D. t be fund
Keys: 1-4 AACB
【点拨】题1考查的是不定式短语作主语补足语，题2考查的是不定式短语作目的状语，题3考查的是不定式短语作后置定语，题4考查的是不定式短语作原因状语。
【用法归纳】
不定式（短语）的句法功能
【即时演练】
根据汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. He has decided ______________ (学习法国文学).
2. He resigned frm the cmpany __________ (为了担任一项更具有挑战性的工作).
3. He arrived at the railway statin, ________________ (结果却发现火车已经离开了).
4. ___________ (为了养活他的家庭), he decided ______________ (从事) tw part-time jbs.
5. I’m very excited ___________ (听到这个好消息).
6. _______________ (因为有两个儿子要上大学) this autumn, he had t wrk hard day and night t make mre mney.
7. _______ is difficult fr him ____________ (向你道歉).
8. My dream is ___________ (自己创立一家公司).
9. The mther has __________ (三个孩子要照看).
10. The dctr rdered __________ (我父亲不要抽烟).
11. __________ (为人民而死) is a glrius death.
12. I find ______________________ (和他做生意很愉快).
13. The girl was ______________ (年龄太小，不能上学).
14. I ften hear the girl _________ (唱英文歌曲) in the next rm.
15. He always made his little sister _________ (为他洗衣服).
KEYS:
1. t learn French literature 2. t take a mre challenging jb
3. nly t find the train had left 4. T supprt his family; t take up
5. t hear the gd news 6. With tw sns t g t cllege
7. It; t make an aplgy t yu 8. t pen up a cmpany f my wn
9. three children t lk after 10. my father nt t smke
11. T die fr the peple 12. it pleasant t d business with him
13. t yung t g t schl 14. sing English sngs
15. wash clthes fr him
Part2:不定式的时态和语态
【高考链接1】
【考例】（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them 6 (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
答案与解析：考查非谓语动词的被动语态。根据搭配allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift ut与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式t be lifted，故填t be lifted。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。
【高考链接2】
1. It is imprtant fr the figures _____ regularly. (XXXX北京)
A. t be updated B. t have been updated
C. t update D. t have updated
2. If they win the final tnight, the team are ging t tur arund the city _____ by their enthusiastic supprters. (XXXX浙江)
A. being cheered B. be cheered C. t be cheered D. were cheered
3. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the ne _____ first is the library. (XXXX重庆)
A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. t be repaired
4. Tday we have chat rms, text messaging, emailing … but we seem _____ that art f cmmunicating face t face. (XXXX上海)
A. lsing B. t be lsing C. t be lst D. having lst
5. Harrisn Frd is thught t be ne f the few mvie stars _____ as a carpenter befre. (XXXX上海春)
A. t wrk B. t be wrking
C. t have wrked D. t have been wrking
6. The purpse f new technlgies is t make life easier, _____ it mre difficult. (XXXX上海春)
A. nt make B. nt t make C. nt making D. dn’t make
Keys: 1-6 ACDBCB
【点拨】题1、题2和题3考查的都是不定式的一般式的被动语态；题4考查的是不定式的进行时态；题5考查的是不定式的完成时态；题6考查的是不定式的否定式。
【用法归纳】
不定式 (短语) 时态和语态的构成和用法：
【高考链接3】
1. I have a lt f readings _____ befre the end f this term. (XXXX山东)
A. cmpleting B. t cmplete C. cmpleted D. being cmpleted
2. I like getting up very early in summer. The mrning air is s gd _____. (XXXX全国 = 1 \* ROMAN I)
A. t be breathed B. t breathe C. breathing D. being breathed
3. With a lt f difficult prblems _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (XXXX上海春)
A. settled B. settling C. t settle D. being settled
4. In many peple’s pinin, that cmpany, thugh relatively small, is pleasant _____. (XXXX四川)
A. t deal with B. dealing with C. t be dealt with D. dealt with
Keys: 1-4 BBCA
【点拨】这4个小题考查的都是不定式的主动形式表达被动的意义，题1的不定式作后置定语，题2和题4的作状语，题3的作宾语补足语。
【用法归纳】
不定式主动形式表达被动意义的几种情况：
1. 不定式作定语与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，与句子的主语构成主谓关系，要用主动语态。如：
Have yu gt anything t say fr yurself?
2. 在“be +形容词（常见的有：easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, safe …）+不定式”结构中。如：
The questin is difficult t answer.
3. 在with / withut的复合结构中。如：
With much wrk t d, he has t ask his brther t help him.
【即时演练】
根据汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. The teacher __________ (要求我们不要制造出) s much nise.
2. ___________ (因为有作业要完成), he can’t watch TV.
3. When the prfessr came in, the students ___________ (假装在看书).
4. The bk is said ____________ (已经被翻译成好几种语言了).
5. D let yur mther knw all the truth. She appears _______ (已经知道所有的事情了).
6. It is a great hnr __________ (被邀请来做一个讲座).
7. He wrte three bks, and the ne _______ (下个月要出版的) is abut children.
8. He prepared a birthday party fr his girlfriend, __________ (结果被告知) that she wasn’t cming.
参考答案：
1. asked us nt t make 2. With his hmewrk t finish
3. pretended t be reading bks 4. t have been translated int several languages
5. t have knwn everything 6. t be invited t give a lecture
7. t be punished next mnth 8. nly t be tld
句子成分
用法简析
例句
主语
1. 作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式（短语）置于句末。
2. 若作表语的也是不定式（短语），此时不用it作形式主语。
1. T master a freign language calls fr a great deal f memry wrk. = It calls fr a great deal f memry wrk t master a freign language.
2. T see is t believe.
宾语
1. 常跟不定式（短语）作宾语的动词有：“要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量干”，即“want, wish, hpe, expect, intend, mean, agree, prmise, care, hate, refuse, determine, decide, ffer, attempt, manage, affrd等。
2. 动词learn, decide, knw, determine等后常跟“疑问词+不定式（短语）”作宾语。
3. 介词but和except后也可跟不定式（短语）作宾语。
4. 动词feel, find, make, think, cnsider, believe等后跟复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语不定式（短语）常放在宾补的后面。
1. Hw I wish t watch the ftball match t be held tmrrw afternn.
2. I learned hw t accept life as it is frm my father.
3. I had n chice but t give up this chance t g abrad.
4. I find it interesting t play basketball.
表语
不定式（短语）作表语常常表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。
Our duty is t help children grw physically and mentally.
定语
不定式（短语）作定语应放在所修饰词的后面。
During thse days in that cuntry, the blacks had n rights t vte.
宾语 / 主语补足语
1.动词allw, permit, encurage, frbid, prmise, wish, expect, prefer, tell, ask, rder, require, frce, warn, help, instruct, cnsider, cause, invite, like, advise, persuade, get, leave等后常跟不定式（短语）作补足语。
2. 动词ntice, see, watch, bserve, feel, hear, make, have等后常跟无t不定式（短语）作补足语，在被动句中t不能省略。
3. with / withut复合结构中，不定式（短语）也可作补足语。
1. I tld Jeff t jin the club, but he wuldn’t listen.
2. These pictures made me think f my childhd in the remte cuntryside.
3. With smething t buy, he hurried t the supermarket.
状语
不定式（短语）在句中作状语，主要表目的、原因、结果和条件等。
T learn English well, I gt up early t memrize English wrds every mrning.
He is careless nt t lck the dr when ging ut.
构成
用法简析
例句
时态
一般式： t d / be
表示不定式的动作和谓语的动作几乎同时发生或在其后发生
I hpe t see yu next week.
进行式： t be ding
表示不定式的动作在进行、持续之中
Dn’t pretend t be wrking hard. Just d what yu shuld.
完成式：t have dne
表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前
She is well knwn t have been t many cuntries.
完成进行式：t have been ding
表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前已开始进行，到谓语动作发生时可能停止，也可能会持续下去
She is said t have been writing the nvel abut New Yrk fr years.
语态
一般式的被动形式：t be dne
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，用被动形式
The car needs t be repaired befre we g n a trip there.
完成式的被动形式：t have been dne
The rm seems t have been tidied up already.