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所属成套资源:高考英语语法词汇专项突破(含答案解析)
高考英语语法词汇专项突破:02重点语法易错易混点(时态、非谓语动词和系动词)
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这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破:02重点语法易错易混点(时态、非谓语动词和系动词),共8页。
本文重点辨析相关时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时、一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时)、的用法,现将它们的易错易混点总结如下:
【误用1】 If yu dn’t g fr a picnic this Sunday, neither d I.
【指正】 d改为will / shall。
在复合句中,主句用一般将来时,条件状语从句(if, unless, nce等)、时间状语从句(when, befre, after, as sn as, until等)和让步状语从句(althugh, whatever, hwever等)中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,简称为“主将从现”。
【运用】 If yu are free this Sunday, we will g t the science museum.
I will telephne yu as sn as I reach Beijing.
Althugh the wrk is very difficult, we will never give up.
【误用2】 The timetable says the train fr Wuhan is leaving at 9:30 a.m.
【指正】 is leaving改为leaves。
根据时刻表规定或安排将要发生的事要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。leave, cme, g, stay等词的一般现在时表示将来。
【运用】 The next train leaves at 3 ’clck this afternn.
Where d we g nw?
【误用3】 —Haven’t seen yu fr ages! Where have yu been?
—I have stayed in Xinjiang fr ne year, wrking as a vlunteer.
【指正】 have stayed改为stayed。
一般过去时也可以和“fr + 一段时间”连用,表示过去某个动作或状态持续了一段时间。同学们切不可思维定势,认为“fr + 一段时间”只能和完成时连用。
【运用】 Mr. Wang taught English in ur schl fr 20 years; nw he is retired.
I nce studied in the N. 2 Middle Schl fr three years.
【误用4】 —Tm, give me yur reprt by 3:00 p.m.
—Since when are yu in charge f this prject?
【指正】 are yu改为have yu been。
since后跟表示时间的词、短语或从句时(从句用一般过去时),主句要用现在完成时,强调对目前的影响。主语是it时,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时均可。
【运用】 He has taught here since 2000.
I have lived in the huse since I came here.
It is / has been tw mnths since I met her.
【误用5】 —Have yu clsed all the windws? It’s ging t rain.
—Srry, I frgt, but I’m ging t clse them in a minute.
【指正】 I’m ging t改为I will。
be ging t d sth.强调事先打算做某事,而will d sth.可以表示临时决定做某事。此处是“我”原先忘记关窗了,现在经对方提醒才想起来,所以临时决定过会儿去关窗。
【运用】 He is ging t play basketball after schl this afternn.
I’ll g shpping in 10 minutes.
【误用6】 —Yu were ut when I visited yu this mrning.
—Oh, I had waited fr a friend frm Australia at the airprt.
【指正】 had waited改为was waiting。
根据语境,此处指“当你来时,我当时正在机场等朋友”,故要用过去进行时。过去完成时指在过去某个特定时间之前已经发生的动作。
【运用】 When I entered her ffice, she was writing a reprt.
He had studied English fr five years befre he came here.
【误用7】 He was the last student leaving the classrm yesterday.
【指正】 leaving改为t leave。
在“the + 序数词(+ 名词)”结构后要用不定式作定语。
【运用】 He is always the first student t cme t schl.
【误用8】 Did yu hear him kncking at the dr three times?
【指正】 kncking改为knck。
hear, see, ntice等感官动词后接不定式作宾语补足语表示动作已经发生,且与宾语间是逻辑上的主动关系;接V-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行,且与宾语间是逻辑上的主动关系;接V-ed形式作宾语补足语表示动作已经完成,但和宾语间是逻辑上的被动关系。此处指“他敲了三次门”,说明动作已经结束,故用省略t的不定式作宾语补足语。
【运用】 I can hear smene kncking at the dr nw.
I heard the dr kncked at three times.
【误用9】 The meeting held nw is very imprtant.
【指正】 held改为being held。
根据时间状语nw可知“会议现在正在被举行”,故用being held作后置定语,相当于which is being held。而held相当于which was held,表示“已经举行过的”,因为V-ed形式作定语一般表示被动完成。另外,若表示“将要被举行”则用t be held。
【运用】 The meeting held yesterday was very imprtant.
The meeting t be held tmrrw is very imprtant.
【误用10】 Hearing the exciting news, the exciting girl didn’t knw what t say.
【指正】 第二个exciting改为excited。
一些表示心理状态或情绪的动词(如excite, surprise, disappint, interest, encurage)的-ing形式意为“令人……的”,在句中可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。其-ed形式意思是“感到……的”,指人或与人有关的声音、表情等。此处指“该女孩很兴奋”,故用excited修饰。
【运用】 The situatin is encuraging.
Yu lk very wrried. What’s up?
【误用11】 The silk is felt very sft.
【指正】 is felt改为feels。
taste, appear, seem, becme, feel, sund等系动词无被动语态形式。
【运用】 What he said just nw sunded reasnable.
【误用12】Dn’t phne me between 8:00 and 10:00. We will have classes then.
【指正】have改为be having.
将来进行时表示将来某个时候正在进行的动作。then所指的就是between 8:00 and 10:00,这个期间正在上课,将来的这个时间上课的动作一直在进行,所以不要打电话。
【运用】It wn’t be lng befre that we will be making a new cmputer fr mre advanced calculatin.
A spaceship will be circling Jupiter (木星) in five years’ time.
【误用13】Hurry up! The guests will be arrived at any minute!
【指正】arrived改为arriving。
通常终止性动词(瞬间动词)不用于进行时态,如果用于进行时态则不表示动作正在进行,而是表示将来,这时也可以用于将来进行时,表示将来要发生的动作。将来进行时还可以表示按时划或安排要发生的动作或委婉语气。
【运用】It will be dying ff, if an anmial species culd nt prduct enugh ffsprings(后代) fr each generatin.
I’m leaving fr Beijing next Sunday if there is nthing mre imprtant t d.
When will yu be seeing Mr White?
【误用14】Knwing mre wrds and expressins and yu will find it easier t read and cmmunicate.
【指正】Knwing改为Knw。
在句型“祈使句+and/r+陈述句”中,祈使句部分相当于if引导的条件状语从句,陈述句部分相当于表示结果的主句。根据后面的并列连词and看出前面应该是一个句子,knwing是现在分词,属于非谓语动词,不能单独构成句子,根据前后的意思看出是“条件→结果”关系,符合句型“祈使句+and+陈述句”,如果是否定关系,并列连词就用r。
【运用】Leave yur number with me, and I'll call yu if there is a change.
Give him an inch, and he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。
【误用15】Aren’t g and play ftball if yu dn’t finish yur hmewrk.
【指正】Aren't改为Dn’ t。
祈使句的否定形式是借助于助动词d,通常缩写为dn’t,而不是be动词。即使是系表结构也要用助动词d构成祈使句的否定形式。也可用never引起。 不要误用系动词的一般现在时形式。
【运用】D be careful while yu are ill. Dn’t think f ding any hmewrk.
Never tell him that it des bther yu that yu make mre mney than he des.
【误用16】 (1) I’m calling abut the apartment yu the ther day. Culd yu tell me mre abut it?
(2) 变式1:I’m calling abut the apartment yu in a few days. Culd yu tell me mre abut it?
(3) 变式2:Lk! Hw beautiful the apartment they n TV nw! It’s mre beautiful than expected.
(4) 变式3:She called abut the apartment yu a few days befre. She wanted t knw mre abut it.
A. advertised B. had advertised C. are advertising D. will advertise
【参考答案】(1)A (2) D (3) C (4) B
【考点设置】①动词时态辨析;②时间状语区别。
【答案解析】本组试题主要考查定语从句的时态问题,解题关键看句子前后的逻辑关系和时间状语的不同。题(1)的the ther day的意思是a few days ag“几天前”,是典型的一般过去时的时间状语,故选A;题(2)的in a few days意思是“几天后”,是跟一般将来时连用的时间状语,如果是after a few days就是与一般过去时连用的时间状语,故选D。题(3)根据Lk!和nw的提示看出是电视节目中正在播出的广告,所以是正在进行的事情,用现在进行时,故选C。题(3)主句的谓语动词called是一般过去时,从句的时间状语的befre提示其动作发生在called之前,即“过去的过去”,故选B。
【误用17】 (1) The rm is empty except fr a bkshelf _____ in ne crner.
(2) 变式1:The rm is empty except fr a bkshelf which _____ in ne crner.
(3) 变式2:The rm was empty except fr a bkshelf which _____ in ne crner.
A. standing B. t stand C. standsD. std
【参考答案】(1)A (2) C (3) D
【考点设置】①现在分词与不定式作定语区别;②定语从句与短语区别;③动词时态辨析。
【答案解析】题(1)“拐角现在有个书架”,所以现在的事实情况是“书房并非空无一物”,现在分词作定语表示当前的情况,不定式表示将来,故选A。题(2)根据连词which看出是定语从句,由主句的谓语动词是现在时得出C正确。题(3)解题关键是要注意到主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,由此得出定语从句的谓语动词用过去时,如果用一般现在时,则主语的过去时与从句的现在时之间没有联系,不符合逻辑,故选D。
【误用18】 (1) _____ these pictures, I culdn’t help thinking f thse days when I was in Lndn.
(2) _____ frm the tp f a thirty-stried building, Lndn lks magnificent.
A. Seeing B. T see C. Seen D. Saw
【答案】(1) A (2) C
【解析归纳】过去分词作状语与现在分词一样要求其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。(1)中的主语I是see动作的执行者,用现在分词作状语,故选A。(2)的主语Lndn与see之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词,故选C。
【误用19】 (1) The questin _______ nw at the meeting is very imprtant.
(2) The questin _______ at the meeting last week is very imprtant.
A. discussing B. discussed C. being discussed D. t be discussed
【答案】(1) C (2) B
【解析归纳】过去分词作定语表示与被修饰词之间是动宾关系,时间上表示已经发生,如(2)。现在分词作定语表示正在进行,与被修饰词之间是动宾关系时用现在分词的被动形式作定语,如(1)。
【误用20】(1) The streets are brightly ____D___ up.
(2) The ____B____ candle in the rm gave pr light.
A. light B. lighted C. lit D. B and C
【答案】(1) D (2) B
【解析归纳】有些动词的过去分词有两种形式,构成被动语态或完成形式都可以用,如(1)。但是作为定语时则有所限制,对于light而言作定语用lighted,而不是lit,如(2)。
【误用21】(1) Faced with a bill fr $10,000, ________. (XXXX全国卷II)
(2) T help Jhn, wh is faced with a bill fr $10,000, _________.
A. Jhn has taken an extra jb B. the bss has given Jhn an extra jb
C. an extra jb has been taken D. an extra jb has been given t Jhn
【答案】(1) A (2) B
【解析归纳】分词作状语要求与句子的逻辑主语一致,在命题的时候可以用分词作为已知条件。(1)的过去分词作状语,表示原因,补全是 sb. is faced with…,与A项符合,故选A。(2)根据句意看出help应该是the bss发出的动作,故选B。
【误用22】 (1) The children went hme frm the grammar schl, their lessns ______ fr the day.(2007重庆卷)
(2) The children went hme frm the grammar schl, fr their lessns _______ fr the day.
(3) The children went hme frm the grammar schl, all f them _______ their lessns fr the day.
(4) When _______ their lessns fr the day, the children went hme frm the grammar schl.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
【答案】(1) B (2) D (3) A (4) A
【解析归纳】在独立主格结构中,过去分词与逻辑主语是被动关系,表示动作完成,如(1);现在分词表示与逻辑主语是主谓关系,如(3)。注意(1)与(2)不同的是(2)中有连词fr,是并列分句,所以用谓语动词。当时间状语从句的主语与句子的主语一致的时候可以省掉从句的主语,用“连词+分词”,如(4)。
【跟踪练习】
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. The students ____________ (在朗读) when Mr. Black gt int the classrm.
2. He ____________ (在那个工厂工作) fr 10 years by the end f XXXX.
3. —Did yu tell Mary abut the result?
—Oh, n, I frgt. I ____________ (打电话给她) nw.
4. Hw can yu ____________ (保持如此冷静) after such a ht argument?
5. A mdern stadium in that city, ____________ (完成) sn, will be a gd place fr peple t have different kinds f sprts in.
6. Prfessr Smith is said ____________ (设计) a new cmputer prgramme recently.
7. When I get hme, my wife ______ ______ _____ _____ ______ (很可能正在看电视) .
8. The peple wh _____ _____ _____ ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ (明天生活在这个地球上的) are they yung f tday.
9. If I fail t appear by 7 ’clck, I _____ ____ _____ ______ (就不会来了) at all.
10. My duties will end in July and I _____ _____ ______ _____ (将回到) Arizna in the US.
11. My wife and I ____ _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ ______ (会一直盼望着见到你) when yu cme with the Chinese medical delegatin(代表团).
Keys:
1. were reading alud
2. had wrked in that factry
3. will call her
4. stay / keep s cl / calm
5. t be cmpleted
6. t have designed
7. will prbably be watching televisin
8.will be living in the wrld f tmrrw
9.will nt be cming
10. will be returning t
11. will be lking frward t seeing yu
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