高考英语语法词汇专项突破：07全解读比较和方式状语从句考点+巩固练习+答案

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：07全解读比较和方式状语从句考点+巩固练习+答案，共8页。

【考点导航】
【考例1】（2021浙江6月卷）When the huse was built, it was much （small）than it is tday.
答案与解析：smaller。考查形容词比较级。所给的small是形容词原级，副词much修饰形容词或副词比较级，不可以修饰原级，结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处用形容词比较级形式，故填smaller。
句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。
【考例2】（2016新课标II卷）S, get an early start and try t be as prductive ___________ pssible befre lunch.
答案与解析：as。考查状语从句。"as…as pssible"为固定的表达，意为：尽可能的干某事；故填as。
【考例3】(XXXX全国卷) Elize remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday.
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
解读：D。as if 引导方式状语从句，同时涉及虚拟语气的用法。主从句动作同时发生，对现在假设，从句用一般过去时；若对过去假设则用过去完成时。as if后还可接t d\ding等。如：He pens his muth as if t speak.他张开嘴好像要说话。
【基本概念】
本文所列的四种状语从句是根据其用途分的。条件状语表示条件，通常译作“如果、万一、假使、倘若、除非、只有”等；比较状语常译作“比……更……、和……一样……”；方式状语译作“像……、似乎……、……的方式”等。具体引导词见下表：
【高考热点】
1. 引导方式状语从句的as if, as thugh与引导让步状语从句的even if和even thugh辨析。
2. 方式以及比较状语从句的引导词之间，与其它从句的引导词之间的意义不同，和同义词之间的用法不同辨析。
【考点解读】
一、比较状语从句
状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。比较状语从句是其中的一种，主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中。原级：as…as（和……一样），nt s（as）…as …（和不一样）；比较级：mre…than（更）；最高级：the mst…in/f， the + 形容词+est…f/in。常用引导词：as（同级比较），than（不同程度的比较）；特殊引导词：the mre … the mre … ； n … mre than。
（一）同级比较
1. as/s + 原级 + as 和...一样,（其中 as/s 是副词, 意思是“同样地”, 后一个 as 是连词）,如：
My hmetwn is as/s beautiful as Hangzhu.
He can run as fast as I can. 他能跑得和我一样快。
2. n + 比较级 + than 最多和...一样,只不过, 如：
I have n mre than tw dllars left in my pcket.我口袋里只剩下两元钱了.（有钱少的含义）
3. nt mre than, 不多于, 如：
I have nt mre than tw dllars left in my pcket.我口袋里顶多还有两元钱.（没有钱多钱少的含义）
4.n less than 不亚于, 至少和...一样, 如：
He has gt n less presents than I did last time.他收到的礼品不亚于我上次收到的.（有收到多的含义）
5.nt less than 不少于, 如：
He has gt nt less presents than I did last time.他收到的礼品不少于我上次收到的.（不包含多或少的含义）
（二）优级比较
1.比较级 + than, 比...优上, 如：
Our class is bigger than yurs.我们班的规模比你们的大。
I knw yu better than he (knws yu). 我比他更了解您。
2.the 比较级 + the 比较级, 越如何就越如何, 如：
The mre we can d fr yu,the happier we will be.为你们做得越多我们就越感到高兴。
（三）差级比较
1.less + 原级 + than, 不如, 比...较差, 如：
This kind f fd is less expensive than that ne.这种食品不如那一种贵。
2.nt s + 原级 + as, 不如, 不及, 如：
The film tday is nt s interesting as the ne yesterday.今天的电影不如昨天的那个有意思。
（四）the same as
She wrks in the same building as my sister. 她和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。
This is the same as it was befre. 这个与以前一样。
考例：(XXXX全国卷I) I have seldm seen my mther _______ pleased with my prgress as she is nw .
A. s B. very C. t D. rather
解读：A。句意是“我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步如此开心”。 s…as….的固定结构，题干中的关键词是as，译为“像…..一样，正如…..一样”。属于nt s …as结构引导方式状语从句。故选A。
二、方式状语从句
方式状语从句是英语语法状语从句的一种，常见的引导词有表示“像……”的as和表示“好像……”的as if/as thugh。如：Let’s study as Lei Feng studied. 让我们像雷锋那样学习吧；Think as I think. 像我这样去想；He talks as if/thugh he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他好像醉了。
as, as if (as thugh), the way, what
1. as表示方式，意思是“像, 按照, 如同(in the same manner that…)”； (just) as…s…"正如…"。
as引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…s…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体。如：
Run as I d.像我这样跑。
Leave it as it is.保持原状, 不要动它。
D in Rme as Rmans d. 入乡随俗。
在非正式英语中，like也可以作为连词引导方式状语从句，但是在考试中与as相比，as是最佳答案。如：
Birds have feelings like we d. 鸟儿像我们一样，它们也有感情。
Always d t the thers as yu wuld be dne by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
As water is t fish, s air is t man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep ur rms, s we shuld sweep backward ideas frm ur minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
考例：(XXXX福建卷) —Wh shuld be respnsible fr the accident?
—The bss, nt the wrkers. They just carried ut the rder ______.
A. as tld B. as are tld C. as telling D. as they tld
解读：A。as引导方式状语从句，表按照、正如；非限定分句“从属连词+-ed/-ing形式” 可以看作是一种省略，即省略了主语和be动词。究竟使用何种非谓语动词形式取决于主被动关系。
2. as thugh/as if意思是“似乎，好像，恰如”，引出的状语从句谓语动词可以用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大；如果表示的是不符合事实或者与事实相反的情况也可以用虚拟语气，as if 和as thugh 引导的从句中的时态取决于说话者对所谈内容的态度。若说话者认为其看法是真的可能会成为事实，从句谓语就按常规变化。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"。这两个连词经常用在be，act，appear，behave，fell，lk，seem，smell，sund，taste及其他描写行为举止的动词之后，引导一个方式从句。如：
The animal was walking as thugh it had hurt its leg.
这动物走路的样子好像伤了腿似的。（可能真的受伤了）
He treats me as if I were a stranger. 他待我如陌生人。（实际上是熟人）
They cmpletely ignre these facts as if (as thugh) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
He lks as if (as thugh) he had been hit by lightning.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
It lks as if the weather may pick up very sn.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
说明：as if / as thugh也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语、形容词或介词短语，例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me fr the first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his thrat as if t say smething.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed n the rcks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
When the spaceship leaves the earth at tremendus speed，the astrnauts feel as if they are being crushed against the spaceship flr.
当宇宙飞船以巨大的速度离开地球时，宇航员们觉得自己好像正在被压向宇宙飞船的底壁上去。
【考例1】 (改编自XXXX重庆卷13) It was Jhn wh brke the windw. Why are yu talking t me as if I____ (d) it?
解析：had dne。根据前句的过去时看出从句是表示与过去事实相反的情况，虚拟语气用过去完成时。
【考例2】（改编自XXXX北京卷）Dn't handle the vase as if it _________(be) made f steel. （Key：were）
3. the way表示方式可以看作 (in) the way (that)相当于as, 此时的the way当连词用，引导方式状语从句，意思是“像…”。如：
I shall d the wrk the way my father did. = I shall d the wrk as my father did.
我将像父亲那样做这项工作。
She played the vilin the way the ld vilinist taught her.她按照老小提琴手教她的方式拉小提琴。
Please prnunce the wrd the way I d.请照我这样,读这个单词。
Many peple are "nt bring" in the way that they can carry a cnversatin r can be gd at a scial gathering.
很多人通过与人交谈或擅长社交聚会变得不再“无聊”。
4. what引导方式状语从句
what=just as作为引导方式状语的连词意思是意为“恰像，犹如，好比，恰似，等于”，通常引导具有比喻意义的方式状语，常用语句型是A is t B what C is t D，译为A对于B好比C对于D。在英国英语中，此结构中多用as代替what。也有“A is fr B what C is fr D.”句式。例如：
Air is t human beings what pasta is t Italian.
空气对于人类就好像意大利面对于意大利人一样重要。
Pultry is fr the ck what canvas is fr the painter.
厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。(介词fr表示“供…使用”)
A gd teacher is t students what a bright light is t a vyage.
好教师对于学生而言正如明灯对于航海一样重要。
Furniture is t the living rm what playgrund equipment is t the playgrund.
家具与起居室就像体育器材与操场。
Arms are t the bdy what branches are t a tree.
手臂和身体的关系就像树枝和树的关系一样。
Reading is t the mind what fd is t the bdy.
阅读对于思想的关系好比食物对于身体一样。
Three is t fur what six is t eight.
三比四等于六比八。
Bubble tea is t Taiwan what cffee r sda is t the US.
奶茶与台湾的关系就跟咖啡或苏打与美国的关系
Mtherly lve is t children what sunshine is t grass.
母爱对于孩子犹如阳光对于小草。
Air is t us what water is t fish.空气对我们来说，犹如水之于鱼。
Reading is t the mind what exercise is t the bdy. 读书对于思想，好比运动对于身体一样。
what C is t D, that A is t B是A is t B what C is t D结构的一个的变体，意义和用法都不变，不同的就是what引导的比喻句谓语主句前，在主句前增加that，其前面用逗号。如：
What fd is t man, that irn and steel are t industry. 钢铁对于工业就好比粮食对于人那样重要。
Tableware is t the table what tragedy is t life. 人生就像茶几，上面摆满了杯具。
【考例】（XXXX山东）Engines are t machines ___ hearts are t animals.
A. whse B. that C. what D. which
答案与解析：C。本题是固定搭配：A is t B what C is t D，意思是A对于B犹如C对于D。是连接代词what的特殊用法。句意是：引擎对于机器来说就好像心脏对于动物那样重要。
【考例】（2021年全国新高考I卷，读后续写）Jenna说到：“妈妈，你对于我们就如同阳光对于花朵。我们永远感谢你！”
Jenna said, “Mm,yu are t me what the sun is t flwers. We thank yu frever.”
【牛刀小试】
一、〖真题演练〗从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
1. (XXXX上海卷). ___ well prepared yu are , yu still need a lt f luck in muntain climbing.
A. hwever B. whateverC. n matter D. althugh
2. (XXXX 全国卷I). I wn’t call yu, ________ smething unexpected happens.
A. unless B. whether C. because D. while
3. (XXXX 北京卷) Leave yur key with a neighbr ________yu lck yurself ut ne day.
A. ever since B. even if C. sn after D. in case
4. (XXXX 上海春) tmrrw, ur ship will set sail fr Maca.
A．Hwever the weather is like B．Hwever is the weather like
C．Whatever is the weather like D．Whatever the weather is like
5. (四川XXXX) Start ut right away, yu’ll miss the first train.
A. and B. but C. r D. while
6. (NMETXXXX.I) ______he has limited technical knwledge, the ld wrker has a lt f experience.
A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Althugh
7. (陕西XXXX) This is a very interesting bk. I’ll buy it,__________.
A. n matter hw it may cst B. hw may it cst
C hw much may it cst D. hwever much it may cst
8.（湖南卷XXXX）Allw children the space t vice their pinins, ____they are different frm yur wn.
A. untilB. even ifC. unless D. as thugh
9.（浙江卷XXXX）The ld twer must be saved, _________the cst.
A．hweverB．whatever C．whichever D．wherever
10. （辽宁卷XXXX）There was never any time fr Kate t feel lnely, ________ she was an nly child.
A．ever sinceB．nw thatC．even thughD．even as
11. (XXXX全国卷II) A small car is big enugh fr a family f three ____ yu need mre space fr baggage.
A. nce B. because C. if D. unless
12. (XXXX浙江) ________ mdeling business is by n means easy t get int, the gd mdel will always be in demand.
A. While B. Since C. As D. If
13.（XXXX天津卷）Elephants have their wn way t tell the shape f an bject ______ it is rugh r smth.
A. 不填 B. whether C. hw D. what
14.（XXXX天津卷）We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains r it’s very cld.
A. since B. if C. unless D. until （选）
15. (XXXX浙江卷) Dn’t prmise anything ______ yu are ne hundred percent sure.
A. whether B. after C. hw D. unless （选D
16. (上海XXXX) 26. In recent years travel cmpanies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we g , ________.
A. ur hliday will be better B. ur hliday will be the better
C. the better ur hliday will be D. the better will ur hliday be
〖keys〗1-5 AADDC 6-10 DDBBC 11-15 . DABCD 16. C
二、〖创新试题〗从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
1. Try ______ he wuld, he culd nt lift the rck.
A. but B. while C. althugh D. as
2. The mre yu read, ________ yu understand.
A. better B. the better C. best D. the well
3. ________ takes up the matter fr me ,I shall be very grateful.
A. Whmever B. N matter whever C. N matter wh D. Wh
4. ________ yu d, I wn't tell yu my secret.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. Hwever
5. there is a snwstrm r sme ther bad weather, the mail always cmes n time.
A．Because B．If C．When D．Unless
6. They treat the black by as if (thugh) he _________ were an animal.
A. is B. are C. be D. were
7. She has made greater prgress this year _________ she did last year.
A. than B. as C. that D. what
8. I've a bit f headache. It's nthing much, _______.
A. althugh B. while C. thugh D. unless
9. She asked me t draw a cat ________ as she had taught me, but I culdn’t remember hw t use my brush.
A. fr B. as C. as if D. if
10. I will lend yu the mney ___________ yu pay it back in ne mnth.
A. even thugh B. althugh C. in case D. n cnditin that
11. --- Mrs Green is very angry with her neighbur. It seems ____ she is ging t call the pliceman.
--- Right, let’s persuade her neighbur t give up nw.
A. as if B. as lng as C. even if D. s that
〖keys〗1-5 DBCAD 6-10 DACBD 11. A
状语从句
连词
比较状语
(nt) as…as, nt s …as, (nt) the same as, (nt) such as, than
方式状语
as, as if (thugh), the way, what