高考英语语法词汇专项突破：09时态、语态、主谓一致四组专项巩固练习与答案解析

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：09时态、语态、主谓一致四组专项巩固练习与答案解析，共11页。


【第一组】
1.（2023新高考II卷）As a little girl, I 45 (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.
2.（2023全国甲卷）Carsn prves that a simple lyric frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still 70 (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
3.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
4.（2023全国甲卷）In the evening, when I take a walk in the schl garden, the singing f insects becme mre meaningful t me.
5.（2023全国甲卷）I used t _______ afraid f insects, but last Friday’s bilgy class _____ (make) a big change in me.
6.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that _________ (be) previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
7.（2022新高考II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny.
8.（2022新高考II卷）He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny. He quickly _________ (thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut.
9.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Ca _________ (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa’s highest muntain.
10.（2022全国乙卷）The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety _________ (address) the pening ceremny. “As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, can help t build a cmmunity with a shared future fr mankind,” he said.
11.（2022北京卷）Eventually, the man _________ (catch) up with her, and he was nly trying t return her wallet!
12.（2022北京卷）This has been adpted t ensure easier detectin f gas leaks. Gas naturally _________ (have) n recgnisable smell. Hwever, a strng smell is added s that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell assciated with danger.
13.（2022北京卷）The use f thse plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The wrld wn’t survive if this situatin cntinues.
14.（2022浙江1月卷）But Cbb and thers _________ (be) nw questining that idea pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely, and changing their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
15.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, rughly 200 academics - many f them climate scientists _________ (prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
16.（2021新高考I卷）What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it _________ (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.
17.（2021新高考II卷）I kept ging. Whenever I heard f businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
18.（2021全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate. My bike was ld and shaky but did the jb.
19.（2020新高考）The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, _________ (frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum that pened in 1759.
20.（2020全国I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 prbe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess _________ (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
【答案与解析】
1. wished。考查动词时态。缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。
2.be emplyed。考查语态。从句主语a simple lyric frm与emply之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。
3.was amazed。考查时态和语态。根据下文“hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。
4.becmes。考查时态和主谓一致。此处为一般现在时，主语为the singing f insects，谓语用三单形式。
5.t; made 表示“害怕……”短语为be afraid f，此处为used t d sth.。故t后添加be。事情发生在上周五，故用一般过去时made。
6. were考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number f areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previusly (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。
7.was fixing。考查动词时态。根据when he heard the screams可知动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。
8.threw。考查时态语态和主谓一致。设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。thrw过去时为threw。
9. has walked。考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the last five years可知此处应用现在完成时，主语Ca为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
10.addressed。考查时态。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
11.caught。考查动词时态。结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。
12.has。考查主谓一致。本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
13.has increased。根据since 2019可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use f thse plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
14.are。考查时态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。
15.have prmised。考查时态。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have prmised。
16.was。考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。
17.was考查时态和主谓一致。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrte” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；ne f + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
18.hired。考查动词时态。此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
19.frmed。考查动词时态。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填frmed。
20. tuched。考查动词时态及语态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填tuched。
【第二组】
1. (XXXX安徽)Daniel's family their hliday in Huangshan this time next week.
A. are enjying B. are t enjy C. will enjy D. will be enjying
2.（XXXX安徽卷）-----Did yu watch the basketball match yesterday?
-----Yes, I did. Yu knw, my brther ________ in the match.
A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played
3. (XXXX安徽卷）I like these English sngs and they ________many times n the radi.
A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught
4. (XXXX合肥三模) This kind f ball pen which ____ smthly is quite ppular with students.
A. is written B. writing C, written D. writes
5. (XXXX福建) --Why des the Lake smell terrible?
--Because large quantities f water .
A. have plluted B. is being plluted C. has been plluted D. have been plluted
6. (XXXX全国II) If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent.
A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. wuld be increasing
7. (XXXX全国卷.I) The flwers were s lvely that they __________ in n time.
A. sld B. had been sld C. were sld D. wuld sell
8. (合肥二模) I caught a bad cld the ther day and my weekend .
A has ruined B had ruined C has been ruined D had been ruined
9. (XXXX湖南) Wuld yu please keep silent? The weather reprt ______ and I want t listen.
A. is bradcast B. is being bradcast
C. has been bradcast D. had been bradcast
10. (XXXX北京) Nw that she is ut f a jb, Lucy _____ ging back t schl, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had cnsidered B. has been cnsidering
C. cnsidered D. is ging t cnsidered
【答案与解析】
1. 解析：D。关键抓住时间状语的提示，next week体现将来，this time体现进行，在一起就是将来进行时。故选D。
2.解析：B。根据句意知道弟弟在昨天的那场比赛中打球，表示的是在比赛这一时间段内一直进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选B。
3. 解析：D。主语they指的是these English sngs，而“这些英语歌曲”是“教”的对象，即主谓之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，排除A、B。由时间状语many times看出表示从过去到说话时已经教了好多遍，是现在完成时，用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。
4.解析：D。关键词smthly是对圆珠笔的特性进行描述，再由“受学生欢迎”的事实可以说明这种圆珠笔“写起来”流畅，write用主动表示被动，说明写起来的效果。故选D。
5.解析：D。本题考查主谓一致和动词的时态与语态问题。quantities f意思是“大量的”，作为主语时谓语动词用复数，而a quantity f作为主语时，谓语动词用单数，排除B,C。主语quantities f water与谓语动词pllute是动宾关系，所以用现在完成时被动语态形式。故选D。
6. 解析：A。根据条件从句“如果他们的营销计划成功了”知道目前计划是否成功还不知道，所以主句所说的“销售量提高到20%”是将来的事情，用一般将来时。故选A。
7. 解析：C。句中的they指的是flwers，与sell之间是动宾关系，所以谓语动词用被动形式，排除主动形式A、D。根据题意知道sell不可能发生在主句的谓语动词之前。故选C。
8. 解析：C。主语my weekend是谓语动词ruin“毁坏”动作对象，用被动语态。Be ruined动作发生在caught a bad cld之后，所以用现在完成时。故选C。
9. 解析：B。根据“我想听”的提示知道bradcast的动作正在进行，主语weather reprt“天气预报”是bradcast“播放”的动作对象，所以用现在进行时被动语态。故选B。
10. 解析：B。由“她失业”可知从失业到现在“一直在考虑重回学校的事”，体现出了现在完成时，而转折词but又强调“现在还没有决定”，也就是说“还要考虑下去”，所以是现在完成进行时。故选B。
【第三组】
1.---- When _____ he cme？
----- I dn’t knw, but when he _____, I’ll tell yu.
A. des, cmes B. will, will cme C. des, will cme D. will, cmes
2. The telephne _______ three times in the last hur, and each time it ________ fr my father.
A. had rang； was B. has rung； was
C. rang； has been D. has been ringing；is
3. It’s gd that we _____ him the truth just nw because he is ging t try again.
A. dn’t tell B. hadn’t tld C. didn’t tell D. wasn’t telling
4. Since he jined the Party, he ______ mre imprtant cntributins t ur cuntry.
A. had made B. was making C. made D. has made
5. The disabled _______ mre attentin t by ur gvernment in the past few years.
A. has been paid B. have paid C. have been paid D. has paid
6 ---- I _____ his telephne number.
---- I have his number, but I ____ t bring my phne bk.
A. frget；frget B. frgt； frgt C. frget； frgt D. frgt；frget
7. — Did he ask yu abut ur wrk?
—Yes, I tld him that preparatins ________ by six ’clck.
A. wuld have finished B. wuld have been finished
C. had finished D. will have been finished
8. At the end f their meeting, it _______ that an agreement _______.
A. had been annunced; will be reached B. annunced; had been reached
C. was annunced; had been reached D. was annunced; had reached
9. ―Why? Where is the key t the sund lab?
―Dear me! Yu _______ it in the taxi！
A. have never left B. never left C. haven’t left D. didn’t leave
10. —What were yu up t when she drpped in?
—I _________ fr a while and __________ sme reading.
A. was playing; was ging t d B. played; did
C. had played; was ging t d D. had played; did
11. Tm ___ int the huse when n ne ________.
A. slipped; was lking B. had slipped; lked
C. slipped; had lked D. was slipping; lked.
12. It ________ lng befre we _______ the result f the experiment.
A. will nt be; will knw B. will nt be; knw C. is; will knw D. is; knw
13. Strange enugh, a pair f new trusers_____ amng the rubbish.
A. were fund B. was fund C. has fund D. have fund
14. — Can I help yu, Madam?
— N, thanks. I_______.
A. have just lked arund B. just lk arund
C. just lked arundD. am just lking arund
15. 1. It seems that water ______ frm this tap fr sme time. We’ll have t take it apart t put it right.
A. had leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking
【答案与解析】
1.D。第一个 when用于引出一个特殊疑问句，问的是将来的事情，用一般将来时；第二个 when引导时间状语从句，所以从句谓语动词用现在时表示将来。
2. B。“in the last [past]+一段时间”通常与现在完成时连用。
3. C。句意为“好在我们刚才没有告诉他真相，因为他现在已经开始再试一下了”。
4. D。根据since提示知道用完成形式，由since从句谓语动词的一般过去时看出表示从过去到现在，用现在完成时。
5. C。the+形容词表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，主语The disabled是动词短语pay attentin t的宾语，用被动语态。
6. C。第一个人“忘记”应该是现在的情况，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，填 frget；第二个人说“忘记”应该是过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上，注意句中的转折连词 but，选C。
7. B。考查被动语态和时态。句意是：--- 他问起你我们的工作情况了吗？--- 是的，我告诉他到六点准备工作就做好了。主语preparatins与谓语动词finish是动宾关系，用被动语态，排除A和C，D的时态与主句的过去时不一致。B是过去将来完成时的被动语态，正确。
8. C。根据题意知道事情已经发生，所以总体时态是过去时。协议是在会议上达成的，根据时态知道协议的达成发生在宣布之前，由句子的主语看出都要用被动语态。故选C。
9. B。 “你千万别把它忘在出租车里！”表示吃惊。“忘”这一动作应用一般过去时，由感叹号知道否定口气应用never。再如：Yu never left the key in the lck! （你总不会把钥匙留在锁孔里吧！）。故选B
10. C。fr a while是相对于when she drpped in来说的，即过去的过去，用过去完成时态．再看后一个动作承接前面fr a while，仍然在过去，had played fr a while之后，因此用过去将来时，表示过去那个时间将要发生的动作，故选C。
11. 分析：A。when表“此时”，slipped是较短行为，而lk是较长行为的片断，slip发生在lk的过程中，即“汤姆溜进房子，此时没人瞧见”。故选A。slip不肯能发生在lk之前。排除B
12. B。befre在本题用于否定句，译作“要不多久就会……”，并且在时间状语从句要用一般现在时代替将来时。故选B。句意是“要不多久我们就会知道试验的结果”。
13. B。因find为及物动词，与a pair f new trusers构成被动关系，故应选择find的被动形式，又因a pair f作主语，谓语动词用单数。故选B。
14. D。此处用I am just lking arund表示我只是“（正在）随便看看”，just可以和现在进行时连用，表示只是怎么怎么样。
15. D。根据句中时间状语fr sme time可知用完成时，后面句子的一般将来时提示A错误，同时体现leak还在进行着，所以用现在完成进行时。故选D。
【第四组】
1. (XXXX全国卷II) It is ften _____ that human beings are naturally equipped t speak.
A. said B. t say C. saying D. being said
2. (XXXX江西) --- I dn’t suppse the plice knw wh did it.
--- Well, surprisingly they d. A man has been arrested and ____ nw.
A. has been questined B. is being questined C. is questining D. has questined
3. (XXXX全国卷I)Edward, yu play s well. But I yu played the pian.
A. didn't knw B. hadn't knwn C. dn't knw D. haven't knwn
4. (XXXX天津)My parents _____ in Hng Kng. They were brn there and have never lived anywhere else.
A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live
5.（XXXX浙江卷）--–What’s that nise?
–Oh, I frgt t tell yu. The new machine ______.
A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested
6．（XXXX浙江）－ What d yu think f the mvie?
－ It’s fantastic. The nly pity is that I __________ the beginning f it.
A. missed B. had missedC. missD. wuld miss
7. (XXXX辽宁) My parents have prmised t cme t see me befre I fr Africa.
A have left B leave C left D will leave
8. -(XXXX江苏)- Ann is in hspital.
-- Oh, really? I __ knw. I __ g and visit her.
A. didn’t; am ging t B. dn’t; wuld C. dn’t; will D. didn't; will
9. (XXXX辽宁) Excuse me, Marcia, a reprter frm Vanity Fair ________ all day. Culd yu speak t her nw?
A. phnes B. has phned C. has been phning D. phned
10. (XXXX江苏)--- Hi, Terry, can I use yur cmputer fr a while this afternn?
--- Srry. .
A. It' s repaired B. It has been repaired C. It's being repaired D. It had been repaired
11. (XXXX北京) Jhn was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather ___ with them t schl.
A. tkB. had takenC. were takingD. wuld take
12. (XXXX北京)The way the guests _____ in the htel influenced their evaluatin f the service.
A. treated B. were treated C. wuld treat D. wuld be treated
13. (XXXX重庆)—I’ve gt t g nw.
—Must yu ? I ______yu culd stay fr dinner with us.
A. think B. thught C. have thught D. am thinking
14. (XXXX江西)------- What is the price f petrl these days
-------Oh, it ______ sharply since last mnth.
A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased
15. (XXXX江西)---D yu want a lift hme?
--It’s very kind f yu, but I have a much late in the ffice. I verslept this mrning because my mrning clck _______.
A. desn’t g ff B. wn’t gne ff C. wasn’t ging ff D. didn’t g ff
【答案与解析】
1. A。题干中的it是形式主语，后面的that从句才是真正的主语，而that从句与say之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，符合句型“It’s said that…”。句意是：人们常说人类天生就具备说话的能力。
2. B。句子的主语A man是questin动作的对象，所以用被动语态，再根据时间状语nw知道用现在进行时，所以用现在进行时被动语态形式。故选B。
3. A。说话时已经知道了，所以不知道是在过去，用一般过去时。
4. A。根据后面的的现在完成时说“从没有在别处生活过”可以得出现在还在香港居住，用一般现在时，陈述目前的情况。
5. C。发出噪音是现在的情况，根据答句知道是“测试机器”造成的，因此用现在进行时。故选C。
6． A。根据赞扬的答语知道已经看过，“错过”电影到开头部分发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选A。
7. B。主句是现在完成时，由此可以看出从句谓语动词leave的动作还没有发生，应该表示将来，befre引导时间状语从句，所以用一般现在时代替。故选B。
8. D。说话时已经知道，不知道在过去，用一般过去时；知道以后才临时决定去看他，用will d形式。故选D。
9. C。根据all day知道《名利场》(Vanity Fair)杂志的记者一直在打电话，后面的问句说明还没有接电话，所以是有可能还要打，所以用现在完成进行时。故选C。
10. C。根据srry 知道表示拒绝，用进行时态表示不能借到原因是电脑正在被修理，所以，用现在进行时。故选C。
11. B。注意题干中的关键词the same，可以看出用过去完成时，因为谓语动词本身就是过去时，意思是：约翰上学用的是爸爸和祖父以前用过书包。
12. B。一般过去式influenced陈述的是过去的事实，排除过去将来时C和D。主语guests与treat是动宾关系，用被动语态。故选B。
13. B。根据语境现在已经知道要走了这个事实，所以不知道是在此之前，指过去。故选B。意思是“原以为”。
14. B。根据关键词since提示知道是现在完成时，有sharply提示知道是“油价飞快上涨”。故选B。
15. D。根据过去时谓语动词verslept知道陈述过去的事实。故选D。