高考英语语法词汇专项突破:10非谓语动词考点扫描
展开【考例1】(2023新高考I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
答案与解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift ut与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式t be lifted,故填t be lifted。
【考例2】(2023新高考I卷)N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is rarely enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left (want) mre next time.
答案与解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting,故填wanting。
【考例3】(2018·北京) During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members ften gather tgether _________ (share) a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
答案与解析:t share。考查非谓语动词。gather是谓语动词,“_________ a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes”是状语,家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式。动词不定式可以做主语,状语,定语,宾语,表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时,可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后,通常译为“为了”。句意:在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼。
【考例4】(2018·天津改)I didn't mean ___________(eat) anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help_______(try) it.
答案与解析:t eat;trying。考查短语固定搭配。固定短语短语mean t d(打算做),culdn’t help ding忍不住做。句意:我不打算吃任何东西,但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义,本题需要区分“mean t d打算做”与“mean ding意味着做”和“can’t help t d sth.不能帮助做”与“culdn’t help ding忍不住做”之间的含义。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词和动名词,在各类考题中,主要考点有:非谓语动词之间的区别、非谓语动词时态和语态、非谓语动词的否定形式、不定式t的省略、不定式与动名词作宾语的区别、带有非谓语动词的特定句型等。现将其主要考点总结如下:
一、非谓语动词所作成分
分词包括现在分词和过去分词,具有形容词和副词特点,在句子中可以作定语、表语、补足语和状语;动名词有名词的特点,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语;不定式有名词、形容词和副词特点,在句子里可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语和状语。
【考例】When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an aplgetic smile, she std rted t the grund, ________ whether t stay r leave.(XXXX·湖南卷)
A. wndering B. wnder C.t wnder D.wndered
【答案与解析】A。主句的主语she与动词wnder构成逻辑上的主动关系,因此用v.ing形式作伴随状语,故选A。句意:当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时,她像生了根一样站在那儿,不知道是走还是留。
【考例】_____the early flight, we rdered a taxi in advance and gt up very early.(XXXX·北京卷)
A.Catching. B.Caught. C.T catch. D.Catch
【答案与解析】C。逻辑主语是we,用不定式作目的状语,表示提前叫出租车并且早起的目的,动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。句意:为了赶上早班的飞机,我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。
二、非谓语动词时态和语态
动词不定式有一般时、进行时和完成时;动词ing形式有一般时、完成时;过去分词由于本身就表示动作完成和被动意义,只有一般时一种。动词不定式和动词ing形式还有被动形式。
【考例】Listening t music at hme is ne thing, ging t hear it live is quite anther.(XXXX·浙江卷)
A. perfrm B. perfrming C. t perfrm D. being perfrmed
【答案与解析】D。分析句子结构以及用法知道音乐是被演奏的,所以需要被动,选D,现在分词的被动形式作宾语补足语。句意:在家里面听音乐是一回事,去到现场听又是另一回事。
【考例】______ fr tw days, Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule. (XXXX·天津卷)
A. T wrkB. WrkedC. T be wrking D. Having wrked
【答案与解析】D。句中的逻辑主语为Steve,与wrk之间为主动关系,故用现在分词,现在分词完成时having wrked表示动作的先于句子谓语动词。故选D。句意:工作了两天,Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。
【考例】He is thught ______flishly .Nw he has n ne but himself t blame fr lsing the jb . (XXXX江西卷)
A. t act B. t have acted C. acting D. having acted
【答案与解析】B。根据被动语态is thught确定跟不定式作主语补足语,再根据后句的Nw看出act动作是发生在过去,不定式用完成时形式。故选B。
三、不定式省略t
省略t的情形有:使役动词have/ let/ make, 感官动词see/ hear/ watch/ ntice/ bserve/ lk at/ listen t等在主动语态中跟不定式作宾语不带t;why nt+动词原形;wuld rather d...; d nthing but d...等。
【考例】 Let thse in need that we will g all ut t help them.(XXXX·陕西卷)
A. t understand B. understand C. understanding D. understd
【答案与解析】B。let是跟不定式作宾语补足语不带t的使役动词,题中的need容易误导跟-ing主动表示被动意义,或者误导用need t d。根据thse与understand的主谓关系,结合let sb. d sth.得出B正确。
四、不定式与动名词作宾语的区别
及物动词finish, enjy, imagine, suggest, advise, recmmend, delay, avid, feel like, can't help"禁不住",put ff等只跟动词ing作宾语;decide, wish, hpe, agree, plan, determine等只跟不定式作宾语;remember, frget, regret跟不定式作宾语表示不定式动作发生在其之后,跟ing则表示在ing动作发生在其之前。
【考例】 It’s quite ht tday. D yu feel like _________ fr a swim?(XXXX·陕西卷)
A. t g B. ging C g D. having gne
【答案与解析】B。根据feel like排除A和C,由句意看出g动作还没有发生,用动名词一般时。
【考例】I remembered the dr befre I left the ffice, but frgt t turn ff the lights.(XXXX安徽卷)
A. lcking B. t lck C. having lcked D. t have lcked
【答案与解析】B。根据后面的 frgt t turn ff看出lck动作还发生,remember跟不定式一般时作宾语。
五、带有非谓语动词的特定句型
在有些句型中要求用特定的非谓语动词,如:It d sth.; It’s n gd/n use /a waste f time ding sth.;It’s senseless / useless ding sth.;It’s fun ding sth.;There is n ding (saying, jking,denying…) sth.;stp/prevent sb. (frm) ding sth.; keep sb. frm ding sth.; sb. spend/waste time (in) ding sth; Sb. have truble/difficulty/ prblems/struggle/a hard time/ have a gd time / fun (in) ding sth; be busy/active/engaged/ ccupied (in) ding sth.;There is n pint (in) ding sth. “毫无意义”等。
【考例】 It tk years f wrk__65__ (reduce ) the industrial pllutin and clean the water. (XXXX全国课标卷I)
【答案与解析】B。根据前面看出是句型It d sth.,表示“做某事用某人多少时间”。
【考例】When Peter speaks in public, he always has truble the right things t say.(XXXX 上海卷)
A. thinking f B. t think f C. thught f D. think f
【答案与解析】A。符合句型Sb. have truble (in) ding sth.。
六、非谓语动词在独立主格结构中运用
非谓语动词作状语有时其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致,而是有自己的逻辑主语,形成“名词/代词+非谓语动词”的独立主格结构。
【考例】(XXXX·江苏卷)Much time _____ sitting at a desk, ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.
A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending
【答案与解析】C。分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致,应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且动作已完成,故用过去分词。句意:上班族们坐在办工桌前太久,一般会受到健康问题的困扰。
【跟踪练习】
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. They wrked day and night, ________ (send) supplies t the flded areas.
2. The bk _______ (write) in simple English, English beginners were able ______ (read) it.
3. The prblem _______ (discuss) nw is f great imprtance.
4. ______(catch) the train, he gt up early. But he reached the statin nly ______ (tell) that the train was delayed.
5. He has becme the first ______ (g) abrad in ur twn.
6. I like _______ (watch) TV, but I dn't like______(d) that this evening because I am t busy.
7. The pupils will get ________ (cnfuse) if they are made _______ (learn) t much.
8. I appreciate ________ (given) the pprtunity _______ (study) t study abrad tw years ag.
9. On _______ (see) the yung child fell int the lake, Eric sprang t his feet, and went n the rescue.
10. Yu never knw hw strng yu really are until _______ (strng) is the nly chice yu have.
11. He is t yung _______ (send) t America fr advanced study.
12. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes _______ (fix) n the blackbard.
Keys:
语法导航
1.sending 2.written; t read 3.being discussed
4.T catch; t be tld 5.t g 6.watching; t d
7.cnfused; t learn 8.having been given 9.seeing
10.being strng 11.t be sent 12.fixed
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