高考英语语法词汇专项突破：12聚焦含有非谓语动词的固定句型

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：12聚焦含有非谓语动词的固定句型，共8页。

答案与解析：recrding。考查非谓语动词句型sb. spend ...（in） ding sth。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) ding sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recrding。
【考例2】（2021全国甲卷）It is pssible 133 (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
答案与解析：故填t walk。考查非谓语动词句型It +be+adj+t d sth.。固定句型It +be+adj+t d sth.，it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。故填t walk。句意：骑行或者走完全程的14公里是可能的。
【考例3】（2020·海南·高考真题）These days, it is nt unusual fr 10-t 12-year-lds t publish their wn websites r fr secnd and third graders 171 （begin）cmputer classes.
答案与解析：t begin。考查非谓语动词句型It +be+adj+t d sth.。本题考查“It is + adj. + fr sb. t d sth.”结构，该结构it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故填t begin。句意：如今，10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课，这些都很常见。
【考例4】（2019·江苏）China's image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries __________ (recgnize) its rle in internatinal affairs.
答案与解析：recgnizing。考查with复合结构的非谓语动词，即with+宾语+非谓语动词。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构。
[解非谓语动词固定句型读]
非谓语动词中的动名词和不定式常常用在一些固定句型中，在语篇填空和短文改错题型中常常出现，如果能对其固定句型熟练掌握，那么这样的考点就能迎刃而解。下面就对其进行小结，以期对同学们有所帮助。
一、have difficulty/truble/bther/a hard time / a prblem (in) ding sth. 做某事有困难；have luck/ fun/ a gd time (in) ding sth. 做某事有运气/有乐趣/开心
其中的difficulty/truble/bther用作不可数名词，a hard time是根据短语have a gd time而来。动名词作介词in的宾语，其中的介词in可以省掉。如：
It’s a very serius, strict schl, thugh very few peple knw abut it--- rdinary students have a hard time (in) getting in.
很认真严格的学校，虽然知道的人很少——普通学生不容易进。
The witness appeared t have difficulty (in) remembering what had happened.
证人在回忆发生的事情方面似乎有困难。
He tld his father hw much fun he had yelling at the visiting baseball team.
他告诉父亲他朝着客队乱叫，玩得不亦乐乎。
注意：当在“have +名词+不定式（作定语）”结构中，have是“有”的意思，不定式要带t，如果不定式的动作是句子的主语发出，则不定式要求用主动形式表示被动意义。这与其作为使役动词跟不定式作宾补在主动语态不带t不同。如：
I have nthing t say.
我无话可说。
It seems that yu have smething t be kept frm me.
你们似乎有事瞒着我。
It was very kind f yu (Yu were very kind) t have us stay.
您这么亲切地招待我们留下来, 真是谢谢您。
【典题】(改编自XXXX·北京卷）—Did yu have difficulty ______ (find) Ann' huse?
—Nt really. She had given us clear directins and we were able t find it easily.
答案与解析：finding。符合句型have difficulty ding sth. 句意：找到安妮家有困难吗？
二、It is n use/gd/fun+ding，做某事没用处/没好处/没有趣
句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词形式。如：
It' s n use learning the text by heart withut understanding it.
背诵课文而不理解它是没有用的。
It 's n gd/use crying ver spilt milk.
牛乳泼翻，哭之何益（覆水难收）。
It 's n fun staying at hme and never ging anywhere.
呆在家里，什么地方都不去是无聊的。
It is n gd use dreaming f being a success withut practice.
只是空想当一个成功者而无行动是没有用的。
【典题】It’s n use ______ (cmplain) withut taking actin.
答案与解析：cmplaining。符合句型it’s n use ding。句意：一味抱怨而不付诸于行动是没用的。
三、sb. spend/waste time/mney (in) ding sth. 某人花费/浪费时间/金钱做某事; sb. pass time (in) ding sth. 某人消磨时间做某事
句子的主语指人，动名词作介词in的宾语，其中的介词in可以省掉。如：
She spent the afternn (in) washing the windws and the flrs.
她花了一下午的时间擦窗子拖地板。
Thugh he had much wrk t d, he wasted his time ding nthing.
尽管他有很多工作要做，但他却无所事事，浪费时间。
He wasted much f his time and mney playing cards.
打牌浪费了他的大量时间和金钱。
Or he passed his time in trembling, chattering his teeth, saying that he had a fever, and inquiring whether ne f the eight and twenty beds in the fever ward was vacant.
要不，他就不停地发抖，磕牙，说他在发烧，并问那病房里那二十八张床可有一张空的。
He must have thught Jane was wrth it r he wuldn't have wasted time helping her, I suppse.
我想，他当时肯定认为简值得他费心思，否则他就不会浪费时间帮她了。
【典题】 —D yu have any idea what Paul des all day?
—As I knw, he spends at least as much time playing as he des_______(write).
答案与解析：writing。比较级结构中的des是代动词代指spends，根据前面的playing看出是he spends time (in) writing。句意：--- 你知道保罗整天都在干什么吗？ --- 据我所知，他花在玩的时间上至少跟他写作上的时间一样多。
【考例】（2017•全国III）But unlike her schl friends, 16-year-ld Sarah is nt spending half-term _____________ (rest).
答案与解析：resting。根据16-year-ld Sarah is nt spending half-term看出是sb. spend sth. (in) ding sth.固定搭配，表示“某人花时间做某事”动名词做宾语。其中的介词in后跟动名词作宾语，介词in可以省掉。故填动词rest的动名词形式resting。
四、It take time t d sth. 做某事需要花多少时间
句型中的it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。如：
It tk us a whle week t g thrugh ne f the great frests.
我们花了整整一星期才穿过其中一个大森林。
He has just set up his wn business but it will take him a while t get established.
他刚建立起自己的公司，但要站稳脚跟还得花上一段时间。
It has set us back in s many respects that I'm nt sure hw lng it will take fr us t catch up.
我们在很多方面都被延误了，不知道需要多久才能赶上。
Beginning with the Party's funding in 1921, it tk us 24 years t achieve this gal.
我们从一九二一年建党，经过了二十四年，才成为一个成熟的党。
【典题】It tk a lng time fr the cnnectin between bdy temperature and illness_____ (make).
答案与解析：t be made。根据It tk a lng time 看出用不定式作真正的的主语，介词fr后的cnnectin是宾语，短语作定语修饰cnnectin，make与cnnectin是动宾关系，所以用动词不定式的被动语态形式。句意：人们花了好长时间才弄清楚体温跟疾病之间的关系。
【考例】（2019·全国III）On ur way t the huse，it was raining s hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take _________ (get) there.
答案与解析：t get。考查不定式特定句型。句中的wuld提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wndering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，hw lng是指时间的短语，根据it take结合句子意思看出是句型it take time t d sth. 表示做某事需要多少时间。故填动词不定式t get。
五、stp/prevent/keep/ban/frbid/prhibit sb. frm ding sth. 阻止/禁止某人做某事; save sb. frm ding sth. 免去……做某事, 拯救；prtect sb. frm ding保护……使不受……
动名词作介词frm的宾语，其中在stp/prevent中介词frm可以省掉，但是在被动语态中不可以省掉。其他词中的frm一般不省略，keep中frm如果省掉则意思会发生变化。如。
A serius illness has prevented her (frm) wrking fr a year.
严重的疾病使得她有一年不能工作了。
She hated the Yankees because they kept her frm having real cffee with sugar and thick cream in it.
由于吃不到放糖和奶酪真正咖啡，她恨死了北方佬。
He was fund t have taken ccaine, and Italian authrities banned him frm playing fr a year.
他被发现吸食可卡因，意大利官方便让他停赛一年。
She saved a little girl (frm) falling int the water.
她救下一个就要落水的小女孩。
He kept me frm wrking.他不让我工作。比较：He kept me wrking.他让我一直工作。
六、There is n+ding... 不可能……
相关句型有：There is n saying/knwing… 说不准...；There is n denying that...不可否认的...。如：
There is n knwing when we shall meet again.不知道我们什么时候才能再相见。
There is n denying the fact that China has made rapid prgress in every aspect since it was funded.
不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。
There is n pint saying yu run marathns, if yu are ging t be ut f breath arriving at the interview n the secnd flr.
如果你跑到二楼面试都喘不过气来，那么你说你常跑马拉松就毫无意义了。
There is n saying what time he will cme hme.
他什么时候回家可说不准。
七、There is n need (fr sb.) t d sth. 做某事没有必要
属于there be句型，不定式修饰need，有时为了明确对象不定式会带上逻辑主语fr sb.，即跟不定式的复合结构。如：
That wuld make a clean break. Of curse there was n need t say as much, but she wuld understand.
从此一刀两断——这自然不便明说，她总会明白的。
There was n need fr yu t fight against yur wn men.
你何必同室操戈。
Eventually, I realised that there was n need fr me t have my head under water.
最终我总算意识自己没必要将头浸在水下。
There is n need being angry with thers abut the mistakes they uncnsciusly make.
没必要为别人无心犯下的错和他们生气。
I knw that there is abslutely n need t give ut definitins f a true friend.
我认识到没有必要给真正的朋友下定义。
Smetimes prblems can srt themselves ut, s there is n need t be t wrried abut them.
有时候问题会自行解决，所以不必太担心。
There is n need fr us t cater t the expectatins f ur parents, instead, we shuld ask urselves what we want.
我们没必要迎合父母的期待，相反，我们应该问一问自己我们想要的是什么。
【典题】（改编自XXXX·安徽卷）There is n need _____ (tell) me yur answer nw. Give it sme thught and then let me knw.
答案与解析：t tell。符合句型there is n need t d sth.，句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。
八、There is (n)+名词+(in)+ding做某事(没)有
相关句型：There is sme /n difficulty/truble (in) ding sth.做某事(没)有困难；There is n pint (in) ding sth. 做某事没有意义；There is n use/gd (in) ding sth. 做某事没有用。如：
There was sme difficulty (in) explaining this t the Swede, but when at last he understd he became very anxius.
向这个瑞典人说明这件事很费劲, 最后他听懂了, 显得很着急。
There is n pint (in) cmplaining. They can't d anything t help yu.
抱怨于事无补;他们没办法帮助你。
There is n use talking t him while he is in that lw frame f mind.
在他心情不好（情绪低落）时与他谈话是没有用的。
九、be busy/ engaged /buried/ccupied (in) ding sth. 忙于某事
该句型是系表结构，作表语的是形容词，或者是过去分词转化而来的形容词，动名词作介词in的宾语，介词常可以省去。如：
In mdern sciety, everyne is busy in wrking r studying. As a result, many peple suffer frm stress and anxiety.在现代社会里，每个人不是忙着工作就是读书，结果造成许多人有焦虑和过度紧张的困扰。
The nurse was engaged in watching the chemical analysis, and Villefrt was still absrbed in grief. 护士正在注意化学分析，维尔福沉浸在悲哀里。
Hw lng has Mark been ccupied in writing his new bk? 马克写新书有多久了？
Ask fr help. Just as learning t say n, this can be hard. But if yu are buried in ding yur wrk it may be necessary.
寻求帮助。就像学会说“不”一样，这个也挺难的。但是如果你被埋在工作里，需求帮助就非常重要。
【典题】(改编自XXXX湖南卷）As Jhn Lennn nce said, life is what happens t yu while yu are busy _____ (make) ther plans.
答案与解析：making。符合句型be busy ding sth.。
十、need/require/want/deserve/be wrth+ding 某事需要/值得
其中的动名词要求用主动式表示被动意义，意义相当于所跟不定式的被动式。但是be wrth不可以跟不定式。如：
There has been smething wrng with the car and it badly needs repairing/t be repaired. 这辆汽车已经有毛病了，急需修理。
They deserved punishing/t be punished.他们应受惩罚。
My jacket wants mending/t be mended.我的夹克衫需要修补。
At that time, ther scientists didn't think hybrid rice was wrth studying.
当时，其他科学家认为杂交水稻不值得研究。
We had managed t persuade them that it was wrth wrking with us.
我们已经设法使他们相信和我们一起共事是值得的。
十一、prefer t d A rather than d B与prefer ding A t ding B 宁愿做A而不做B
prefer是及物动词，可以跟动名词或不定式作宾语，分别跟rather than…或介词t表示“宁愿做某事，不愿意做另外一件事”，其中rather than后跟动词原形，介词t后跟动名词。如：
He preferred t stay at hme rather than g with us.他宁愿待在家里，不愿和我们一起去。
Mre and mre peple prefer ging t cncerts t sitting in a karake bar.
越来越多的人愿意去听音乐会, 而不是呆在卡拉OK酒吧里。
He preferred t wear shirts with flwers n them when he visited his patients, and he tried t make them laugh.
当他去看望病人的时候，他更喜欢穿有花的衬衫，而且他试图让他们笑。
Custmers preferred t shp at these stres rather than drive t the nearest city.
消费者们宁可到这些商店购物，而不是开车到临近的都市去。
十二、d nthing but（except）+d无事可做，只好……；除了干……什么也没做
此处的but是介词，同except，不是连词。若but（except）之前的谓语动不是d, 那么but（except）之后的不定式要带t。如：
After saying thse wrds, he did nthing but add t my anger.
说完这些话, 他没怎么样, 却让我更生气了。
There was nthing else t d but pack up again.
你除了再收拾一下行李外，没有任何事可做。
Nw I was indeed in the height f what I might call my prsperity, and I wanted nthing but t be a wife.
我现在真是达到我幸运的最高峰，我什么也不缺，所缺的只是没有当成一个正式的妻子。
比较：
While traveling in America, I'd try t hang ut with friends wh culdn't speak Chinese, s that I'd have n chice but t speak English.
在美国旅行的时候，我试着和不会说中文的朋友出去玩，这样我就只能说英语了。
Yu have shwn n imprvement ver last year. I have n chice but t fire yu.
去年一整年你的工作都毫无起色，我别无选择，你被解雇了。