高考英语语法词汇专项突破：13全解读动非谓语动词之不定式+巩固练习及答案与解析

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：13全解读动非谓语动词之不定式+巩固练习及答案与解析，共21页。

考点二、不定式的被动语态
考点三、不定式的否定形式
考点四、不定式的功能: 作主语、作宾语、作表语、作定语、作补足语、作状语
考点五、连词+不定式
考点六、不定式t的省略。
[不定式考题展示]
【考例1】（2023·全国甲卷）Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) ______ (teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm.
答案与解析：t teach。考查不定式做目的状语。根据空后的r t pass n wisdm可知,此处和后文是并列关系,都作目的状语。故填t teach。句意:几千年来,人们讲寓言故事或为了教课或为了传递智慧。
【考例2】（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them _________ (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
答案与解析：t be lifted。考查非谓语动词不定式作宾语补足语。根据固定搭配allw sb t d sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式t be lifted。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。
【考例3】（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，prud Irene declared she had n plans _____________（retire） frm her 36-year-ld business.
答案与解析：t retire。考查不定式作定语。此处用t d sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“…的计划”，故填t retire。句意：获得“终身成就”奖时，艾琳骄傲地宣布她没有从36年的公司退休的计划。
【考例4】（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerusly ht. T eat ne, yu have t decide whether _______ (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), r t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue.
答案与解析：t bite。考查动词不定式作宾语。空处与后面t put 并列,充当decide的宾语。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆掉。
【考例5】（2021·英语全国甲卷）It is pssible ______ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
答案与解析：t walk。考查动词不定式作主语。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+t d sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填t walk。句意：步行或骑自行车跑完整个14公里是可能的。
[基本概况]
动词不定式（Infinitive）是一种非限定动词，通常由"t+动词原形"构成, ，不定式属于非谓语动词范畴，在句中不可以作谓语动词。他具有动词的特点，体现在可以有自己的宾语或状语，通常还具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语或状语等。从历年的高考试题可以看出对不定式的考查涉及到不定式的时态、语态、功能、省略、连词+不定式等方面。
[考点突破]
考点一、不定式的时态
考例：
1. (2021·6月浙江高考)Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver ____ (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
点拨：句子中含有谓语动词came，且该谓语动词与所给动词plant之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则，该处应填plant的非谓语动词形式；plant与谓语动词came之间相比较尚未发生，应使用不定式；又因plant与其逻辑主语Mary's sister之间为主动关系，故使用不定式的一般式t plant。
(2022天津卷·第一次)This ld castle is said_________ frm designs by a famus architect in the 16th century.
/A. t have been builtB. t have builtC. t be builtD. t build
3. (安徽.XXXX) The man we fllwed suddenly stpped and lked as if _____ whether he was ging in the right directin.
A. seeing B. having seen C. t have seen *D. t see
点拨：as if可以跟不定式，从句意“突然停下来看看，好像是看看是否走对了方向”，题中的stp与see的动作同时发生，故选不定式的一般式，选D。
4. (NMETXXXX) Rbert is said _____ abrad, but I dn’t knw what cuntry he studied in.
*A. t have studied B. t study C. t be studying D. t have been studying
点拨：根据but后what cuntry he studied in中的谓语动词过去式studied可知出国留学是以前的事，发生在is said 之前，所以用不定式的完成时，由于仅指过去，并没有强调当时进行的情况，故选A。
5. (NMETXXXX) I wuld lve ______ t the party last night but I had t wrk extra hurs t finish a reprt.
A. t g B. having gne C. ging *D. t have gne
点拨：根据but I had t wrk extra hurs中的过去式谓语动词had t可知动作已经发生，所以wuld lve t后跟不定式的完成时本来想做某事，但是实际上没有做成，故选D。
6. The meeting _______ tmrrw is f great imprtance.
*A. t be held B. held C. being D. t have been held
点拨：根据时间状语tmrrw可知会议实际上还没有召开，因此要用能表示将来意义的不定式来表示，而对于会议来说应该是“被召开”，用不定式的被动语态形式，故选A。
考点二、不定式的被动语态
不定式不仅有事态的变化，而且还有语态的变化。不定式的被动语态是通过在t后面加上be动词，然后把动词变成过去分词构成的，各种时态的不定式的被动语态形式见下表：
考点三、不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式的标志t前直接加上nt，有时为了强调也可以用否定副词never来否定。考例：
1. (METXXXX) Tm kept quiet abut the accident ______ lse his jb.
A. s nt as t *B. s as nt t C. s as t nt D. nt s as t
点拨：短语s as t d sth.的意思是“为了做某事”，在句中作目的状语，t d sth. 是不定式，如果用否定形式在t前直接加上nt，即s as nt t, 故选B。注意一般不定式的否定形式用s as nt t或in rder nt t来表示，极少用nt t形式。同时要注意in rder t可以置于句首，而s as t不可以。
2. (METXXXX) Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ______ after drinking.
*A. never t drive B. t never drive C. never drinking D. never drive
点拨：本题包含短语warn sb. nt t d sth.= warn sb. against ding sth.,意思是“警告/提醒某人不要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，本题用否定副词nt进行否定。
考点四、不定式的功能
不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，它具有名词的特征，在句中可以作主语或宾语；具有形容词的特征，在句中可以作表语、定语或补足语；具有副词的特征，在句中可以作状语。从高考热点解读如下：
热点一、作主语
不定式作主语时通常由于不定式较长，为了避免“头重脚轻”的现象而用it作为形式主语，而把真正的不定式主语置于句尾。考例：
1. （上海XXXX）In fact ____ is hard jb fr the plice t keep rder in an imprtant ftball match.
A. this B. that C. there *D. it
点拨：真正的主语的不定式t keep rder in an imprtant ftball match.，该句也可以还原成：In fact t keep rder in an imprtant ftball match is hard jb fr the plice.,这样句子的主语就显得太长而导致句子的结构不平衡，所以用D为最佳答案。
2. (METXXXX) Is ______ necessary t cmplete the design befre Natinal day?
A. this B. that *C. it D. he
再如：1）T knw smething abut English is ne thing; t knw English is quite anther. 懂一点英语是一回事；掌握英语完全是另一回事。
2） T see is t believe. 眼见为实。
用it作为形式主语，而把真正的不定式主语放到句尾的常用句子类型有：
It +be+形容词+t d sth. 如：
It is nice nt t be dependent n thers. 不依靠别人是好的。
It wuld be flish nt t accept their ffer.不接受他们的帮助是愚蠢的。
2) It +be+形容词+ fr sb. t d sth.
以下形容词通常多数情况用fr sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, imprtant, necessary, impssible, pssible, safe, dangerus, unusual, wnderful…。如：
It is nt hard fr ne t d a bit f gd.一个人做点好事并不难。
What time it wuld be cnvenient fr me t cme again? 我们什么时候再来比较方便？
3) It +be+形容词+ f sb. t d sth.
此处的形容词往往修饰不定式的逻辑主语，形容词多是表示赞扬、责备的形容词，通常用f sb作逻辑主语：即wrng, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, hnest, lazy, mdest, selfish, thughtful, implite, plite, clever, flish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generus，cnsiderate… 如：
It was selfish f him nt t cntribute anything. 他门自私，什么也不捐。
It was silly f yu t believe him.= Yu are silly t…你相信他是愚蠢的。
4) It+be+名词 + t d sth. 如：
It was nt his habit t ask peple fr things. 他没有向别人借东西的习惯。
It’s a shame t behave like that. 这样的行为是很可耻的。
It has been a pleasure t be with yu.和你字一起很愉快。
5) It+动词+（+宾语）t d sth. 如：
It takes a lt f mre guts fr a wman t resign than fr a man.女人辞去工作比男人需要跟大的勇气。
It tk me a year t save up fr a new cat.我用了一年时间才省出钱买一件新大衣。
6）It +be+ 介词短语+t d sth. 如：
It is beynd my pwer t answer this questin. 我没有能力回答这个问题。
It’s just like her t think f thers befre thinking f herself.她就是这个样子，总是先想到别人后想到自己。
热点二、作宾语
不定式作宾语通常不作介词的宾语，如果用介词也仅限于but/except/besides等几个有限的介词。不定式主要用来作动词的宾语。
有些动词用不定式和ing形式作宾语意义区别不大，有的有明显的区别；有的只用不定式作宾语。分解成高考热点如下：
I、跟不定式作宾语与跟动词ing形式意义区别不大的及物动词
像cntinue, like, start, begin等词跟不定式或动词ing形式作宾语区别不大，但是对于start, begin在下列两种情况下用不定式。1）当其本身是进行时态 2）当所跟的非谓语动词是表示认知的动词。如：
1. She was beginning t wrk n his nvel that summer vacatin.那年暑假她开始写小说。
2. She began t realize it was Tm wh did wrng t her.她开始认识到是汤姆冤枉了她。
II、有些动词跟不定式作宾语与跟动词ing形式意义较大（所跟ing形式见〈动名词〉）
1. remember/ frget/regret跟不定式时，表示不定式的动作发在其之后，译作：记得要做某事；忘记要做某事；因要做某事而感到遗憾。考例：
1.(METXXXX) --- The light in the ffice is still n. --- Oh, I frget ______.
A. turning it ff B. turn it ff *C. t turn it ff D. having turned it ff
点拨：根据第一句is still n“灯仍然亮着”可以知道电灯可以关，所以是“忘记要做某事”，用不定式，故选C。
2. try t d sth.“努力做某事”；mean t d sth.“打算做某事”；如：
(XXXX上海) The little time we have tgether we try ______ wisely.
A. spending it B. t spend it *C. try t spend D. spending that
点拨：try t d sth.的意思是“努力做某事”；try ding sth.的意思是“试着做某事”，由little time可知选C。本句实际上是一个前置句，正常的语序是：W try t spend the little time we have tgether wisely.
请注意以下接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(frget t d sth.忘记去做某事 未做,frget ding sth.忘记做过某事 已做))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(regret t d sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾 未做,regret ding sth.对做过的事表示后悔 已做))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(remember t d sth.记得去做某事 未做,remember ding sth.记得做过某事 已做))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(stp t d sth.停下来做某事,stp ding sth.停止做某事))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(try t d sth.尽力去做某事,try ding sth.尝试做某事))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(g n t d sth.继续做另一件事,g n ding sth.继续做原来做的事))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(mean t d sth.打算做某事,mean ding sth.意味着做某事))
eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(can't help t d sth.不能帮助做某事,can't help ding sth.情不自禁地做某事))
III、有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语
ask/ want(想要)/pretend/ agree/ wish/ ask/ affrd/expect/ refuse/ demand/ decide/ plan/ seem/ prmise/ happen/ beg/ ffer/ manage/affrd/ help/ intend/ strive等。考例：
1. (METXXXX) He pretended ______ me when I passed by.
*A. nt t see B. nt seeing C. t nt see D. having nt seen
点拨：及物动词pretend“假装”，表示假装做某事跟不定式作宾语，再根据不定式的否定构成可以得出A正确。
2. (NMETXXXX) We agreed _____ here but s far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting *C. t meet D. t have meet
点拨：及物动词agree“同意”，表示同意某人做某事用不定式作宾语，从but s far she hasn’t turned up yet“可是到现在他还没有出现”可以看出不定式的动作还没有发生，不可以用完成时，故选C。
3. (上海XXXX) In rder t gain a big share in the internatinal market, many state-run cmpanies are striving ______ their prducts mre cmpetitive.
*A. t make B. making C. t have made D. having made.
IV、有些介词可以用不定式作宾语
像except/but/besides等部分介词也可以用介词作宾语，此种用法比较特殊，需要特殊记，通常情况下不定式是不可以作介词宾语的。考例：
(上海XXXX) Sandy culd d nthing but ____ t his teacher that he was wrng.
*A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. t admit
点拨：but后面跟动词不定式作介词宾语，但是当其前面有实意动词d的时候，如本题的d nthing或nthing t d,则不定式t要省掉。
IV、有些介词可以用不定式作宾语
不定式作宾语时，如果是后面跟有宾语补足语，如形容词，名词等，通常由于不定式较长，为了避免“头重脚轻”的现象而用it作为形式宾语，而把真正的不定式宾语置于句尾。考例：
(METXXXX) I dn’t think ______ necessary t master a freign language withut much memry wrk.
A. this B. that C. its *D. it
点拨：由于动词不定式作宾语后面跟的宾语补足语necessary太短，而不定式宾语t master a freign language withut much memry wrk太长，所以就需要借助于形式宾语it，故选D.
热点三、作表语
不定式可以作表语，而且用“be+不定式”结构还可以表示将来时，在不定式作表语的句子中，不定式依然保留有作作目的状语时的表示目的的倾向，比如当用desire/ hpe/ wish/ aim/ purpse等表示目的、愿望的词作主语时，其表语多用不定式形式。
1. (上海XXXX) In such a dry weather, the flwers will have t be watered if they _____.
A. have survived *B. are t survive C. wuld survive D. will survive
点拨：根据句意可以看出从句是将来时的意义，但是由于状语从句不可以用将来时，而常用现在时代替，排除C、D；A项的完成时不符合句意，所以选B，实际上是现在时表示将来时的一种用法。
2. (NMETXXXX) The purpse f new technlgies is t make life easier, ____ it mre difficult.
A. nt make *B. nt t make C. nt making D. d nt make
点拨：题中的主语purpse的意思是“目的”，此处是两个不定式作并列表语，由于是对比关系，所以不定式的标志t接没有省掉，故选B。
3. (上海XXXX) I feel it is yur husband wh _____ fr the spiled child.
*A. is t blame B. is ging t blame C. is t be blamed D. shuld blame
点拨：be t blame的意思是“应该受到责怪”，其中的不定式作表语，此处的“be t”的意思是“应该”，根据blame词汇用法，需用主动形式表示被动意义，故选A。
热点四、作定语
动词不定式作定语时，在时间上倾向于表示将来。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
(上海XXXX) When I handed the reprt t Jhn, he said that Gerge was the persn ________.
A. t send B. fr sending it *C. t send it t D. fr sending it t
点拨：根据短语send sth. t sb可以选出C正确。不定式作定语。
（一）在“have（有）+名词/代词+不定式”结构中，作定语的不定式的动作执行者如果是句子里的主语或某一个人称代词时，不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。考例：
1.（2017天津卷）I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train_________ .
A.catchingB.caught *C.t catchD.t be caught
2.（上海.XXXX）She will tell us why she feels s strngly each f us has a rle _____ in making the earth a better place t live.
A. t have played *B. t play C. t be played D. t be playing
点拨：本题实际上包含这样一个短语：play a rle in“在……中起作用”，rle本来是及物动词play的动作对象，但是由于句子的谓语动词是表示“有”的have, 而play的动作执行者就是句子的其所在句中的主语each f us，故选B。
3. (上海 XXXX) There are five pairs ______, but I’m at a lss which t buy.
A. t be chsen *B. t chse frm C. t chse D. fr chsing
点拨：根据句意可知不会是five pairs都买，只是买five pairs中的其中之一，因此应该是从其中选择，故选B。
（二）在序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the nly 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
He is always the first t arrive at the schl and the last t leave the schl.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
（三）被修饰词是ability, chance, idea, hpe, wish, fact, excuse, prmise, attempt, way 等抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。如：
And the best way t strengthen willpwer is t make it int a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
The ability t express an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
热点五、作补足语
有些及物动词像ask/ invite/ warn/ cause/ advise/ permit/ encurage/ persuade/ tell/ teach/ wuld like/ remind/ cause/ urge/ want/ desire/ prefer/ expect/ request/ rder/ allw/ cnsider(认为)/frce/ teach/ beg/ get/ blige等常跟带不定式标志t的不定式作宾语补足语（有关涉及到不定式t 省略的情况见后面）。考例：
1. (北京XXXX)My advisr encuraged _____ a summer curse t imprve my writing skills.
A. fr me taking B. me taking C. fr me t take *D. me t take
2. (北京XXXX)21. The teacher asked us _____ s much nise.
A. dn’t make B. nt make C. nt making *D. nt t make
3. (上海XXXX)43. An army spkesman stressed that all the sldiers had been rdered _____ clear warnings befre firing any shts.
*A. t issue B. being issued C. t have issued D. t be issued
4. (NMETXXXX) The patient was warned _____ ily fd after the peratin.
A. t eat nt B. eating nt *C. nt t eat D. nt eating
热点六、作状语
I. 不定式作状语主要作目的状语，可以置于句尾，此时不用逗号与句子隔开，如果置于句首通常用逗号与句子隔开。当用s as t和in rder t的时候，要考虑到s as t一般不以置于句首。考例：
1.（2022·全国高考乙卷）_____ (strengthen)the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, inviting twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
点拨：根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填T strengthen。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。
2.（2022•新高考Ⅰ卷）The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ______ (increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
点拨：设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填t increase。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。
3.（2022•新高考Ⅱ卷）Eric wke up a little later when he heard children playing utside. He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up ______ (see) them.
点拨：climb up为谓语动词，所以设空处see应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用t d不定式作目的状语。故填t see。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。
4. (京皖卷.XXXX) _______ late in the mrning, Bb turned ff the alarm.
*A. T sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
5. (上海XXXX)--- Mm, why d yu always make me eat an egg every day?
--- _______ enugh prtein and nutritin as yu are grwing up.
A. Get B. Getting *C. T get D. T be getting
6.（上海.XXXX）In rder t make ur city green, _____.
A. it is necessary t have planted mre trees B. many mre trees need t plant
C. ur city needs mre trees *D. we must plant mre trees *
7. (METXXXX) G n _____ the ther exercise after yu have finished this ne.
*A. t d B. ding C. with D. t be ding
8.（2021天津卷·第二次）Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the lcal baker_________ her all the skills.
A. t have taught/B. t teach C. teaching D. having taught
II. 不定式也可以作结果状语，但是与动词ing形式不同，不定式所表示的结果往往是出乎意料之外。考例：
(福建XXXX) The news reprters hurried t the airprt, nly _______ the film stars had left.
A. t tell *B. t be tld C. telling D. tld
点拨：根据hurried t the airprt“匆匆忙忙地到机场”可以推定记者门原以为能够赶得上，但是实际上“电影明星门已经离开”，这种结果是记者门没有料到的，否则就不必要忙了，nly t d sth.也可以看作是一个固定结构，意思是“没料到……”，故选B。
2. (2014天津卷) Anxiusly, she tk the dress ut f the package and tried it n, nly _________ it didn't fit.
/A.t fin B.fund C.finding D.having fund
III. 有些形容词后面跟不定式，这种结构从意义上判断更像是宾语从句，但是多数语法家都把其划入状语从句，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋t d”结构中。常用形容词多与表示情感或心理状态有关，如srry, glad, determined, willing, ready, easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，cmfrtable，dangerus，heavy，gd，imprtant，impssible，surprised，astnished, delighted, disappinted 等。考例：
We were astnished t find the temple still in its riginal cnditin.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
(湖南XXXX) Yu were silly nt _____ yur cat.
t lck *B. t have lcked C. lcking D. having lcked
再如：I was surprised ________.
A. watching him t eat s quickly B. watch him eat s quickly
C. watching his eat s quickly *D. t watch him eat s quickly
考点五、连词+不定式
“疑问词+不定式”结构实际上相当于名词的作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语。要注意与“连词+分词”结构的区别，其中的不定式主要用一般式。不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, knw, wnder, shw, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find ut 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词hw, what, whether, where, when, wh等。考例：
1.（NMETXXXX）It is said that in Australia there is mre land than the gvernment knws _________.
A. it what t s with B. what t d it with *C. what t d with it D. t d what with it
点拨：本题考查“疑问词+不定式”和动词短语d with的用法,根据本题的意思可以看出，由于knw不可以直接跟动词不定式而排除D，“疑问词+不定式”结构当然要把疑问词置于前面，从而排除A，what…d with…实际上是一个常用的短语，在短语中what作d的宾语，句中的it作介词with的宾语，故选C。
2. (NMETXXXX) I’ve wrked with children befre, s I knw what ______ in my new jb.
A. expected *B. t expect C. t be expecting D. expects
点拨：根据“疑问词+不定式”结构的原则可以排除C，根据句意可以看出expect 应该用被动语态，排除A、D，故选B。
3. (METXXXX) Last summer I tk a curse n ______.
*A. hw t make dresses B. hw dresses be made
C. hw t be made dresses D. hw dresses t be made
点拨：从句意可以看出题中的“hw+不定式”作介词n的宾语,根据句意“我去年夏天选修了一门如何做衣服的课程”，可以推出A正确。
考点六、不定式t的省略。
动词不定式不带t，那么它就是动词原形，因此可以构成祈使句。就我们目前在中学阶段所接触到的t的用法来看，在以下的情况通常省去t（要注意有时带与不带t都是可以接受的，笔者将在文中注出）。
在助动词、情态动词之后(had t, used t, ught t, be able t等除外，因为它们本身皆带有t)如：
（上海XXXX）Oh, I’m nt feeling well in the stmach. I shuldn’t have eaten s much fried chicken just nw.
（.XXXX）---I hear yu’ve gt a set f valuable Australian cins. May I have a lk?
--- Yes, certainly.
（上海XXXX）I wnder hw he dared say that t the teacher.
(上海XXXX) An awful accident did, hwever, ccur the ther day.
（上海XXXX）Sir, yu ughtn’t t be sitting in this waiting rm. It is fr wmen and children nly.
(NMETXXXX) The fire spread thrugh the htel quickly but everyne was able t get ut
(METXXXX) Mther used t tell us stries when we were yung.
在had better, wuld rather…than…., …rather than…, d nthing ther than…, might as well(不妨、还是……的好), cannt help but/ cannt chse but/ cannt but (不得不)等搭配之后，不定式习惯上要省去t。如：
（京皖XXXX) In that case, there is nthing yu can d _____ than wait.
A. mre *B. ther C. better D. any
(NMETXXXX) Rather than _____ n a crwded bus, he always prefers _____ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride *C. ride; t ride D. t ride; riding
(METXXXX) --- Shall we g skating r stay at hme?
--- Which _____ d yurself?
d yu rather *B. wuld yu rather C. will yu rather D. shuld yu rather
11）(METXXXX) It’s freezing utside, yu ____ put n yur vercat.
A. had better t *B. had better C. wuld better D. wuld better t
might as well give the sweet curse a miss.这道点心我还是不吃吧。
不定式一般不可以作介词的宾语，但是介词but/ except/ besides等词可以用不定式作其宾语，而且如果其前有实义动词d的某种形式时，不定式的标志t一般要省掉；如果前面谓语动词没有d的形式，则t必须要带上，（注：如果but前的d不作谓语，则t带与不带均可）如：
13）Nw we culd d nthing but wait fr him here.（试比较XXXX上海考题）
14）I hardly remember what I did besides read.
15) She had n chice but t fight t the end.她没别无选择，只有斗争底。
There was nthing left t d but (t) give up the plan. (but前的t不作谓语，而是作定语)
4. 在have, let, make和感官动词hear, feel, see, watch, bserve, ntice, listen t, lk at, bserve等词后作宾语补足语时不带t，但是当它们用于被动语态时，则t应加上。如：
（北京.XXXX）--- When shall we start? ---- Let’s _______ it 8:30. Is that all right?
A. set B. meet *C. make D. take
(NMETXXXX) Paul desn’t have t be made ____. He always wrks hard.
A. learn *B. t learn C. learning D. learned
(NMETXXXX) --- I must aplgize fr _____ ahead f time.
--- That’s all right.
A. letting yu nt knw *B. nt letting yu knw
C. letting yu knw nt D. letting nt yu knw
(METXXXX) They knw her well. They had seen her ______ up frm childhd.
*A. grw B. grew C. was grwing D. t grw
(METXXXX) Thugh he had ften made his little sister ____ tday he was made_____ by his little sister.
*A. cry; t cry B. t cry; cry C. cry: cry D. crying; crying
5. 当help后面跟不定式作宾语或作宾语补足语时，小品词t用与不用都可以，但是如果help用于被动语态或help的行为主体没有参与宾语补足语不定式表示的活动时，不定式的t必须用。如：
Can anyne help me (t) carry the suitcase upstairs?
Then he helped sweep the flrs f the waiting rms.
This bk helps me t see the truth.
这本书有助于我了解真实的情况
6. 在祈使句中用动词原形，即用不带t的动词不定式。如：
（上海.XXXX）Dn’t be discuraged. ______ things as they are and yu’ll enjy every day f yur life.
A. Taking B. T take *C. Take D. Taken
(京皖.XXXX) _____ sme f this juice---perhaps yu’ll like it.
A. Trying *B. Try C. T try D. Having tried
(METXXXX) ______ it with me and I’ll see what I can d.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If yu leave D. Leave
(METXXXX) ____ dwn the radi--- the baby’s asleep in the next rm.
A. Turning B. T turn C. Turned *D. Turn
7. 在why nt或why引起的疑问句中用动词原形，该结构的否定式表示建议，肯定形式表示不满或委婉的批评。如：
(METXXXX) ---I usually g there by train. --- Why nt _____ by bat fr a change?
A. t try ging B. trying t g C. t try and g *D. try ging
Why stand up if yu can sit dwn? 要是你能够坐下，为什么还站着？
8．如果两个或两个以上的具有同样功能的不定式并列，t只用在第一个不定式前，其余的t省略，以避免重复，但是表示对比关系的除外。如：
His wish is t enter this cllege and study English.
(NMETXXXX) The purpse f new technlgies is t make life easier, ____ it mre difficult. （本句表示对比关系）
A. nt make *B. nt t make C. nt making D. d nt make
He hasn’t decided whether t g hme r t stay at schl during the vacatin.
They will be encuraged t eat healthy fds, nt t smke and t drink less beer and wine.（Lessn67 Unit 17 SBII）
9. 当dare用作情态动词时，只用于疑问句和否定句中；而用作实义动词时与其它实义动词一样可以用于各种句式。作实义动词接不定式作宾语，如果用于疑问句或否定句中，此时作宾语的不定式t可以省去，而在肯定句中t不省，如：
All didn’t dare (t) try a sht.
Did he dare (t) jump ver the fence?
10. 当不定式作表语时，如果句中的主语是all或what引导的从句或者主语受nly, first, ne, least及形容词最高级修饰，并且后面的从句或短语中有实义动词d时，作表语的不定式前一般可以不用t，此时的不定式是用来解释实义动词“d”的确切含义。如：
35）（Lessn 35 Unit9 SBIII） The first thing she did was g up t her trainer and thank her fr all her help during her training.她要做的第一件事就是走到她的教练面前，感谢她在训练期间给予她的帮助。
36） The nly thing I can d nw is (t) turn t him fr help.
37) What he really hped t d was (t) stay up late.
The best way t d is (t) wait until she returns.
11. 在以下的固定搭配中不用t： make d（凑合、应付），let g（放开、松手、轻松）， make believe（假装），g hang（听其自然、被忘却、不再被关心），I dare say（我看、可能、也许）等。如：
39） Let’s make believe that we’re plice fficers.
40) We’ll have t make d with what we have nw. 现在我们必须凑合着用。
I dare say my uncle will. I have n ther relatives.(Less58 SBIII)
42) Mr. Brwn let g at the reunin f his ld class and had a gd time.布朗先生与老同学重聚时玩得轻松愉快。
43）If yu dn’t have the right tl fr the jb, we’ll have t make d withut it.假如你没有干这活的适当工具，咱们只得对付着干。
牛刀小试
从下列A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的正确选项。
1. Did yu find ut ______the pie ut f the ven?
A. t takeB. have takenC. when t takeD. being taken
2. We shall get Jim ______the passage.
A. explainingB. explainedC. t explainD. explain
3. He kept it a secret ______lse his jb.
A. s nt as tB. s as nt tC. s as t ntD. nt s as t
4. I warn my sn ______after drinking.
A. never t driveB. t never driveC. never drivingD. never drive
5. The Chinese are generally cnsidered ______ printing.
A. t inventB. inventing C. t have inventedD. having invented
6. Tm shuld lve ______ t the cinema tnight.
A. t be takenB. t takeC. being takenD. taking
7. Rather than ______n a slw bus, he always prefers ______a bike.
A. ride, rideB. riding, rideC. t ride, ridingD. ride, t ride
8. She has n pencil ______
A. t write abutB. t write withC. t writeD. t write in
9. She culd d nthing but ______her name under the circumstances.
A. t changeB. chargingC. t be changing D. change
10. Mary was seriusly ill ,s we arranged ______by the best dctrs.
A. fr her t be examined B. fr her t examine C. her t be examinedD. her examined
11. Withut facts, We can nt frm a wrthwhile pinin, fr we need factual knwledge ______ur thinking.
A. which t be based nB. upn which t base C. which t base upnD. t which t be based
12. We agreed ______at 8 ’clck but s far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having metB. meetingC. t meetD. t have met
13. The by wanted t swim in the lake, but his mther tld him ______.
A. nt t B. nt t dC. nt t d itD. d nt t
14. When I handed the reprt t Jhn, he said that Gerge was the persn ___
A. t sendB. fr sendingC. t send it tD. fr sending it t
15. The matter had better ______as it is.
A. leaveB. be leftC. leavingD. being left
16. He had n chice but ______hard.
A. wrkB. t wrkC. wrkingD. t be wrking
17. He lves parties, he is always the first ______and the last ______.
A. cming, leavingB. t cme, t leave C. cme leave D. cmes, leaves
18. D yu think him easy ______?
A. t deal with B. t deal C. t be dealt with D. having dealt with
19. I feel it an hnur ______t speak here.
A. t ask B. askingC. t be askedD. having asked
20. I went t the pst ffice, nly ______it was clsed.
A. findingB. t findC. having fundD. fund
21. Nw the need ______ther peples’ languages is becming greater and greater.
A. t learnB. learning C. t be learningD. learned
22. When the child ______f her mther’s hand, she fell dwn.
A. let t gB. let gingC. let gD. lets g
23. The teacher tld the students t stp ______t him.
A. t write and listen B. writing and listening C. t write and listening D. writing and t listen
24. We are planning ______Eurpe this summer.
A. t pay a visitB. pay a visit t C. t pay a visit tD. visiting
25. I can’t but ______t hear such a stry.
A. t laughB. laughC. laughingD. laughed
26. Shall we g and listen t the reviewers ______n the new film?
A. t cmment B. cmment C. t cmmenting D. being cmment
27. Gdbye, Mr Smith. I’m pleased ______.
A. fr meeting yuB. t have yu C. t have been meeting yuD. t have met yu
28. I regret ______yu that we are unable t ffer yu the jb.
A. infrmB. having infrmedC. t infrmD. infrmed
29.It’s said that he is the first ne ______ at the medical cnference.
A. speaks B. spken C. t speak D. speaking
30.If yu g t the pst ffice, wuld yu like _____ this letter fr me?
A. psting B. t pst C. psted D. pst
31.The party was successful, but we thught it a pity nt ____ yu.
A. t have invited B. invitingC. t invite D. invited
32.Which d yu enjy _________, playing cards r taking a walk?
A. t have spent B. spending C. having send D. t spend
33.She came back in a hurry t watch the ftball, nly ___ the dr lcked.
A. finding B. having fund C. t find D. have fund
34.All the buildings burnt dwn in the big fire remain _____.
A. rebuilding B. t be rebuilt C. having rebuilt D. t have been rebuilt
35.With s much hmewrk ______, I have t stay at hme, giving up the idea f playing vide games with Peter.
A. t d B. being dne C. dne D. ding
36. --- If Mary desn’t cme t wrk n time, she may be fired.
--- Surely she is nt s flish ______ it.
A. as nt t realize B. nt as t realize C. that she didn’t realize D. as nt realizing
37. All f them have already knwn the prblems ____ at the meeting which will be held the day after tmrrw.
A. discussed B. being discussed C. t be discussed D. t discuss
38. (METXXXX) Little Jim shuld lve _____ t the theatre this evening.
A. t be taken B. t take C. being taken D. taking
39. (NMETXXXX) Having a trip abrad is certainly gd fr the ld cuple, but it remains _____ whether thy will enjy it.
A. t see B. t be seen C. seeing D. seen
40. (上海XXXX) She can’t help ______ the huse because she’s busy making a cake.
A. t clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned
41. (METXXXX) Charles Babbage is generally cnsidered ____ the first cmputer.
A. t invent B. inventing C. t have invented D. having invented
42. (METXXXX) She reached the tp f the hill and stpped ____ n a big rck by the side f the path.
A. t have rested B. resting C. t rest D. rest
KEY： 1-5 CCBAC 6-10 ADBDA 11-15 BCACB 16-20 BBACB
21-25 ACDCB 26-30 BDCCB 31-35 ADCBA 36-40 ACABA 41-42 CC
解题思路点拨
1. 点拨： 选C 动词不定式短语作宾语
2. 点拨：选C 动词不定式作宾补
3. 点拨：选B s as t用作否定时，应用s as nt t
4. 点拨：选A 用never否定，语气更强
5. 点拨：选C 不定式完成式作主语补足语，表示invent动作先于谓语动词而发生。
6. 点拨：选A 表示“今晚被带去看电影”
7. 点拨：选D rather than后须跟动词原形，prefer t d为固定搭配
8. 点拨：选B 不定式短语作定语
9. 点拨：选D but后接不定式时，若前面有行为动词d 省略t
10. 点拨：选A 不定式复合结构作宾语，被动式表示被检查。
11. 点拨：选B 不定式短语作定语，常用主动式表被动，且介词upn提前，须加which.
12. 点拨：选C agree t d为固定搭配。
13. 点拨：选A nt t在此处是省略形式。
14. 点拨：选C 不定式短语作定语，表示尚未发生的动作。
15. 点拨：选B had better+动词原形，此处应用被动。
16. 点拨：选B but介词后跟不定式
17. 点拨：选B 当名词前有序数词作定语时，常用不定式作定语。
18. 点拨：选A 不定式作状语，修饰补语形容词，常用主动式表被动含义。
19. 点拨：选C 不定式作宾语，这里为“被邀请在这里发言很荣幸”。
20. 点拨：选B，不定式作结果状语，表示意外。
21. 点拨：选A the need后接不定式作定语。
22. 点拨：选C let g“放开”
23. 点拨：选D stp ding停下（手中的事）
24. 点拨：选C plan跟不定式作宾语，短语pay a visit t表示“拜访……”。
25. 点拨：选B can’t but d只能做…
26. 点拨：选B 感官动词后面的不定式作宾补，省去t
27. 点拨：选D 告别语，所以用不定式的完成式
28. 点拨：选C regret t d遗憾地要做……
29. 点拨：点拨：被序数词修饰的名词或代词跟非谓语动词作定语时用不定式，故选C。
30. 点拨：like后可以跟动词 -ing形式或不定式作宾语，但是wuld (shuld) like后不可以跟-ing形式，可以跟名词、代词或不定式，故选B。
31. 点拨：不定式的完成时表示不定式的动作先于句子的谓语而发生，根据句意应该是在晚会前邀请，所以用不定式完成时，故选A。
32. 点拨：通常认为enjy跟动词ing形式作宾语，但是根据句意可知其宾语特殊疑问词 which, 而which就是后面的playing cards at r taking a walk，因此“_____ yur spare time”可以理解为目的状语，而不定式通常作目的状语，故选D。
33. 点拨：不定式作状语主要表示目的，但是也可以表示结果，此时不可以置于句首，而且所表示的结果往往是意料之外的。nly t d译作“没料到……”，根据in a hurry“匆忙地”可知结是没有想到的，故选C。
34. 点拨：remain t d的意思是“有待于”，根据句意应该是“有待于建设”，而建设是被动的，故选B。
35. 点拨：本题是“with+复合宾语”,根据have t stay at hme可知“有许多作业需要做”，是将来意义，用不定式，但此处的with体现出“有”的意思是，而d的动作就是句子的主语“I”发出的，所以选A，不定式主动表示被动。
36. 点拨：s as t d表示目的，s…as t d表示结果，不定式的否定词应该置于不定式t之前，故选A。
37. 点拨：会议还没有召开，“讨论”应该是在将来，不定式表示将来，而“问题”是“讨论”的动作对象，故选C。
38. 点拨：从Little的提示可知Jim想“被带去听戏”，所以用被动语态，故选Ａ。
39. remain t d的意思是“有待于”，根据句意可以看出是被动语态，故选B，
40.根据原因状语从句的“忙于做蛋糕”可知“不能帮着打扫房间了”，用不定式，选A，不要误选成B。
41.cnsider在此的意思是“认为”，句子用的是被动语态，而cmputer已经发明过，动作先于cnsider发生，不定式用完成时，故选C。
42. 句意是“停下来休息”所以用stp t d sth.，不定式看作是表示目的的状语，可以理解成stp in rder t rest,故选C。
时态
构成形式
注意要点
一般式
t d
表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生，或发生在其之后。
完成式
t have dne
表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前发生。
进行式
t be ding
表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在发生。
完成进行式
t have been
ding
表示在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前开始进行的行为，到谓语动作发生时，可能停止，也可能回持续下去。
时态
构成形式
考 例
解 析
一
般
式
t be
dne
(上海XXXX)The flu is believed
_____ by viruses that like t
reprduce in the cells inside
the human nse and thrat.
A. causing B. being caused
*C. t be caused D. t have caused
say/reprt/believe/think等用于被动语态时，通常跟不定式。根据句意和介词可知是“被引起”故选C。句意是“人们认为流感是那些喜欢在人的鼻腔和喉咙内细胞里繁殖的病毒引起的”。
完
成
式
t
have
been
dne
(上海XXXX) D let yur mther knw all the truth. She appears ______ everything.
A. t tell B. t be tld
C. t be telling
*D. t have been tld
从第一句的提示可知母亲已经知道，用完成式，而她知道是由于被人告知，故用不定式的被动语态形式。