高考英语语法词汇专项突破：数词考点全解读+巩固训练

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：数词考点全解读+巩固训练，共10页。

答案与解析：sixth。考查序数词。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。
【考题2】（2021新高考II卷）I've always lved the cean. In the (seven) grade,I started vlunteering at the Mnterey Bay Aquarium in Califrnia.
答案与解析：seventh。考查数词。表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。
[命题热点]
数词有基数词和序数词两种。需要掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄、序号的基本用法。掌握不定数量词、约数的数词的表达方法。
考点一、编号表示法
通常有两种表达方法，即：
用基数词时是：基数词+阿拉伯数字+名词 如： Wrld War I/ page 8/ Rm 109…
用序数词时是：the+序数词+阿拉伯数字 +名词 如：the First Wrld War
如：1)We are ging t learn ______ next week.
*A. Lessn Twelve B. Lessn Twelfth
C. Twelfth Lessn D. the Lessn Twelfth
2)He is a student f ____.
A. Class First B. the Class One *C. Class One D. First Class
考点二、分数表达法
分母用序数词，分子用基数词。如果分子大于一，那么分母的序数词要用复数形式，表示二分之一可以用a/ne half，四分之一可以用a/ne quarter, 有整数部分时用“整数+and+分数部分”。如：
1) He did it _____it tk me.
A. ne—third a time B. ne—third time
C. the ne--third time *D. ne—third the time
点拨：D. it tk me是定语从句，其前省略了关系代词that,因有定语从句限制，time之前应加定冠词，表示特指；ne—third the time意为“三分之一的时间”。题意：他做此事所用时间是我的三分之一。
2) ______ f the land in that district _____ cvered with trees and grass.
A. Tw fifth… is B. Tw fifth…are
*C. Tw fifths…is D. Tw fifths…are
点拨：C 点拨：当分子大于１，所以分母要用复数；“分数＋f＋名词”作主语，谓语动词应与名词保持人称和数的一致。
考点三、年代与几十几岁表示法
通常是把逢十的基数词用作复数形式, 表示年代的数词前用定冠词，表示岁数的数词前用形容词性物主代词。如：
1、表示年代的范例：
This stry tk place in the 1860s. 这个故事发生在十九世纪的六十年代。
2) It is nt rare in _____ that peple in ____ fifties are ging t university fr further educatin.
A. 90s…the B. the 90s…/ C. 90s…their *D. the 90s…their
点拨：前者表示年代，后者表示在几十几岁时，同时要考虑到冠词与物主代词在两种表达里的区别。
2、表示几十几岁的范例：
1）She went t Cambridge University in her early twenties.
她在二十刚出头时就上了牛津大学。
2） The her f the stry is an artist in his _________.
A. thirtieth B. thirty C. thirty’s *D. thirties
3）He lked quite healthy thugh he was _____.
A. in seventy B. in his seventy C. at seventies *D. at the age f seventy
点拨：表示“在某人几十几岁”所用的结构是：in ne’s thirties (sixties, eighties…) , 基数词用复数。故选D。
注意：表示岁数“十几岁”用in ne’s teens，不要写成in ne tens，这与in ne’s twenties/ in ne’s thirties等不同。
考点四、约数表示法
有时数目不确定，就会用到一些表示“大约、左右、多于或少于”的表达方式。常见的有：
1、表示“大约”可以用abut/ sme/ arund/ nearly/ smething like/ mre r less, 用r s表示“左右、大约”置于数词之后。 如：
The man in rags is abut/ sme sixty years ld.
The man in rags is sixty years r s.
衣衫褴褛的那个男子的大约有六十岁(六十岁左右)。
2） Peter is smething like thirty. 皮特大约有三十岁。
2、“多于、超过”用mre than/ ver/ abve；“少于、不超过”用less than
She was mre than/less than frty when she gt married.
她结婚时有四十多岁。(她结婚时不到四十岁。)
3、其它
考点五、倍数表达法（见形容词一章的比较级）
考点六、scre/dzen/ hundred等
1、scre “二十”,与具体数词连用时用单数，本身用作复数的意思是“许多、好几十”；、dzen“十二”,基本同scre。如：
Shrtly after the accident, tw _____ plice were sent t the spt t keep rder.
A. dzens f B. dzens C. dzen f *D. dzen
2、hundred或thusand, millin等与scre用法相同。如：
1）Tw _____ died f ld last night.
A. hundreds ld peple *B. hundred ld peple
C. hundreds ld peples D. hundred ld peples
2） ______ peple in the wrld are sending infrmatin by E-mail every day.
*A. Several millin B. Many millins
C. Several millins D. Many millin
点拨：millin, thusand, hundred等词与具体数词连用不可用复数，如表泛指“许多”可用复数，但后接名词时需加介词f, several（sme）等可用于其前以加强语气。故选A。
考点七、序数词与冠词
在序数词前通常用定冠词the， 但是1) 当序数词不强调顺序时用“不定冠词a(an)+序数词”, 意思是“又、再”，相当于again或anther。2) 当序数词作状语时，通常省去前面的冠词如：
What d we d first? 我们先做什么？
During a secnd trip t the USA in 1912, an imprtant film directr saw Chaplin acting a very funny part in a play.
在一九一二年卓别林再一次去美国期间，一位重要的电影导演看见他在一部戏里扮演一个非常滑稽的角色。
巩固练习
1. After the new technique was intrduced, the factry prduced in 2023 as the year befre.
A. as twice many machines B. twice many as machines
C. twice as many machines D. as many machines twice
2. f yung peple have devted themselves t the scialist cnstructin.
A. Hundred millin B. Hundreds f millin
C. Hundred f millin D. Hundreds f millins
3. ---Hw much is seven eleven?
---It’s eighteen.
A. plus B. divided by C. minus D. times
4. The train will leave at 4:45，that is ________.
A. fur frty-five B. frty-five f fur
C. a quarter past five D. a quarter t fur
5. She is nw in year f age.
A. twenty B. twentieth C. the twentieth D. the twenty
6. China is larger than the United States.
A. ne six B. ne sixth C. ne sixes D. ne sixths
7. ---What did the teacher tell yu t d ?
---He tld me t write a cmpsitin.
A. tw- thusand- wrd B. tw- thusand-wrds
C. tw- thusands- wrds D. tw-thusands-wrd
8.Shrtly after the accident, tw plice were sent t the spt t keep rder.
A. dzen f B. dzens C. dzen D. dzens f
9. ________ dllars will g int the building f the cinema.
A. Fur millins B. Fur millins f C. Fur millin f D. millins f
10. f the area cvered by trees?
A. Three-furths; are B. Three-furth; are C. Three-furths; is D. Three-furth; is
11. The seagull eaten up lcusts in a shrt time.
A. tw hundred f B. several hundreds f C. tw hundreds D. hundred f
12. The paragraphs went smthly.
A. ne fifth B. first ne C. first fur D. tw-thirds
13.The war brke ut in .
A. 1930’S B. the 1930s C. the 1930 D.1930s
14. In his ,Marx began t learn Russian.
A. fifty B. fifties C. fifty year D. fifties years
15.The tree is as tall as a building.
A. tw-streys B. tw-strries C. tw-streyed D. tw-streying
16.Perhaps we can, just , use what we have t get a new dress fr yu.
A. this nce B. fr just nce C. nly nce D. fr nce.
17. f the ppulatin here are farmers.
A. 40 percents B. 40 percent C. the 40 percent D. the 40 percents
18.She came ut in the truck events.
A. first B. ne C, the first D. the ne
19.I’m studying at .
A. 15 Middle Schl B. the 15 Middle Schl
C. 15 N. Middle Schl D. N0. 15 Middle Schl.
20. Flight BA123 t Vienna is nw barding at .
A. Gate 21 B. 21th Gate C. Gate 21st D.21st Gate
21.---Hw lng will yu stay here?
--- .
A. Tw and half weeks B. Tw and a half week
C. Tw weeks and a half D. A half and tw week
22.We’ll build ut cuntry int a pwerful scialist cuntry with fur mdernizatins by the end f .
A. twenty century B. twenty centuries
C. the twentieth century D. the twentieth centuries
23.There were a arranges in the bwl but yu’ve eaten every single ne.
A. scre B. several C. cuple D. dzen
24.Our schl is frm here.
A. a mile and half B. half and mile
C. a half and a mile D. a mile and a half
25. ---What date is it?
--- It’s .
A. the July furth B. the furth f July
C. f July the furth D. furth July
26. China is ______ larger than the United States.
A. ne six B. ne sixth C. ne sixes D. ne
27. _______ cave that Gerge has discvered in his lifetime is near the Alps.
A. The hundredth B. A hundredth C. Hundredth D. The hundred
28. I need _____ clth, fr I’m ging t make ___ clthes.
A. a lt f; many B. much; much C. many; many D. many; a lt f
29. The yung dancers lked s charming in their beautiful clthes that we tk _______pictures f them.
A. many f B. masses f C. the number f D. a large amunt f
As a result f destrying the frests, a large _____f desert _______cvered the land.
A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have
参考答案与点拨：
KEY：1-5 CDAAC 6-10 BACDC 11-15 BCBBC 16-20 ABADA 21-25 CCDDB 26-30 BAABB
1． C 在表示倍数的句式中倍数应放在比较等级之前，题中有as the year befre。
2． D hundred, millin, thusand等用作名词时，表示不定数目须注意三点：其前不能用数词，至多只用sme；本身用复数形式，表示不定的约数；其后跟f+名词复数（代词）。
3． A 根据题意只能选A。
4． A
5． C 序数词作year的定语，前面要用定冠词。
6． B 分数的表示法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1，分母用复数。
7． A 由复数＋名词结构作定语时，该名词不用复数形式，而通常用连字符。
8． C hundred, thusand , millin , dzen, scre等作定语时不用复数，作名词用时后有短语时用复数，前面不再有数量词，表约数。
9． D 基数词作定语一般不用复数形式，也不用短语，但表示约数时可用millins f等。
10 C 主语中心词area是不可数名词，谓语应用单数。
11．B hundreds f 前可有sme, several等表示不确定数目的词。
12．C 指文章的前四段，序数词应位于基数词前。
13．B 在二十世纪三十年代，正确的表达形式应为the 1930s/1930’s
14．B 在某人几十多岁时正确表达为:ne’s＋整十位数的复数。
15．C 此题是“基数词＋名词ed”结构的一类复合形容词作定语。
16．A this nce就这一次，只能这一次。
17．B percent百分数作修饰语，前面不加定冠词，也不用复数。
18．A first起副词作用，意为“取得第一名”，在此无冠词。
19．D 第15中学，只有D正确。
20．A 编号在后用基数词，且名词前不用定冠词，编号在前用序数词，序数词用定冠词修饰。
21．C 表示“两周半”有两种方式：tw weeks and a half / tw and a half weeks.
22．C 序数词修饰名词前须加定冠词，二十世纪只能表示为C。
23．D 只有a dzen后可直接接名词。
24．D
25．B 本题问日期，回答时用序数词前加定冠词。
26. B
27. A 序数词与定冠词作定语与定冠词the连用。
28. A clth”布料”是不可数名词，可以同much或a lt f修饰，clthes 是名词的复数，但是不可以与具体数词连用，可以用many等词修饰，故选A。
29. B masses f意为“大量的”其后接可数名词复数或不可数名词；a large amunt f之后只能接不可数名词；the number f意为“……的数量”；many f后接特指名词或代词表示“……中的许多”。
30. B 因desert此处用作不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式has cvered; a large quantity f后既可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，而a large number f后只能接可数名词。1/3
A/ne third
2/3
tw thirds
tw and tw thirds
1/4
a/ne furth
a/ne quarter
3/4
three furths
three quarters
ten and three furths
ten and three quarters
1/5
a/ne fifth
2/7
tw fifths
three and tw fifths
1/6
a/ne sixth
5/9
five sixths
twelve and three quarters
半
half a day= a half day; half an hur= a half hur
一个半
a day and a half;= ne and a half days
两个半
tw days and a half= tw and a half days
一两个（天…）
ne r tw days= a day r tw
两三
a cuple f days(weeks, apples…) 两三天（周、个苹果…）
三番五次
again and again; repeatedly; time and again; ver and ver again; time after time
三年五载
frm three t five years; in a few years
三三两两
in tws and threes; in knts
三天两头
every ther day; almst every day
三五成群
in threes and furs; in knts
三言两语
in a few wrds; in ne r tw wrds
三心二意
be f tw minds; be half-hearted
乱七八糟
at sixes and sevens; in great disrder