新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点07-非谓语动词与语法填空（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点07-非谓语动词与语法填空（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点07-非谓语动词与语法填空原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点07-非谓语动词与语法填空解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共48页， 欢迎下载使用。


【命题趋势】
非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
【名师指导】
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下：
1. 先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。
2. 看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；
3. 看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
4. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用现在分词；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用过去分词。
5. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（t have dne/t have been dne/ having dne/ Having been dne），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（t d / t be dne / ding / being dne / dne）。
【重要考向】
一、非谓语动词作状语；
二、非谓语动词作定语；
三、非谓语动词作宾语；
四、非谓语动词作宾补；
五、非谓语动词作主语和表语；
非谓语动词作状语
【典例】
【2022.1浙江卷语法填空】
But Cbb and thers are nw questining that idea pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely and 59 (change) their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis .
【非谓语动词作状语提分秘籍】
1．不定式作状语表示结果、目的(可与s as t/in rder t替 换，但是s as t不可置于句首)或原因(表示原因只用在表示 喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。
2．分词作状语：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表 示 的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词 作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑 上的被动关系。现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果;不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加nly。
3．部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：lst(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lst/absrbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired f(厌烦的)，faced with(面对着)。
【特别提醒】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语用的形容词easy，hard，difficult，pleasant，gd，fit，cmfrtable等后面作状语，构成“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
基本用法
非谓语动词作定语
【典例】
【2019全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, prud Irene declared she had n plans ______（retire） frm her 36-year-ld business.
【非谓语动词作定语提分秘籍】
1．现在分词作定语
现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上 的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动式 作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示该动 作被动和进行。
2．过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的被动或完成。
3．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式 是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
(2)被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语，常见的抽 象名词：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，prmise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reasn，mment，time等。
(3) the first，the secnd，the last，the next，the nly等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时，常用不定式作定语。
The ability t express an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself.表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
We are invited t a party t be held in ur club next Friday.
我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。
【方法技巧】
非谓语动词作定语是一个非常重要的考点，考生在做此类 试题时要从动作发生的时间、动作与主语的主谓或动
宾关系上着手去判断.要解答好这类题目可按下列步骤进行:
第一步：判断该动词与被修饰的名词之间的关系。
若是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语动词(过去分词、动词v.－ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式)，若是主谓关系则用动词v.－ing形式的主动式或动词不定式的主动式。
第二步：看动作发生的时间。
若表示将来，用不定式；若表示动作正在进行用现在分词;若表示动作已经完成或结束，用过去分词。
非谓语动词作宾语
【典例】
【2022.1浙江卷语法填空】
That apprach brught Cbb’s air travel last year dwn by 75%,and she plans 65 (cntinue) the practice .“It has been fairly rewarding.” she says .”a really psitive change”
【非谓语动词作宾语提分秘籍】
1．只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，prmise，help，prepare，decide，refuse，chse，wish，hpe，want，expect，fail，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate， happen等。
2．只接v.－ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，avid，cnsider，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put ff，bject t，lk frward t等。
3．接不定式与接v.－ing形式有显著区别的动词：(1)try t d 尽力做……；try ding 试着去 做……；(2) mean t d 打 算做……；mean ding 意味着……；(3) regret t d 遗憾 要 去做……；regret ding后悔做过……；(4) remember t d 记得去做……；remember ding记得做过……；(5) frget t d忘记做过……；frget ding 忘记做了……。
4．动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.－ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法 相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
5．介词后一般要接v.－ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词d，不定式要省略t。
We agreed t meet here but s far she hasn’t turned up yet.
我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。
What a pr memry！I frgt brrwing mney frm him
yesterday.But tday I frgt t return the mney t him.
多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。
非谓语动词作宾补
【典例】
【2020全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
They make great gift and yu see them many times ______ (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
【非谓语动词作宾补提分秘籍】
1．现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该 动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，并且现在分词作宾补强调正 在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官 动词(see，watch，bserve，lk，ntice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。
I lked up and nticed a snake winding its way up the tree t catch its breakfast.
我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。
He had the light burning all night，which made his parents
very angry.
他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。
It’s wrng t leave the cmputer wrking.
让电脑一直开着是不对的。
I am srry t have kept yu waiting fr s lng.
对不起让你久等了。
I fund a number f peple already wrking there.
我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。
2．过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动 词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动 词：感官动词(see，watch，bserve，lk，ntice，hear， listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find， leave，keep等。
When we saw the rad blcked with snw，we decided t spend the hliday at hme.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。
Yu shuld keep me infrmed f his whereabuts.
你应该让我了解他的行踪。
The ld fund his hmetwn much changed.
这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。
He left much wrk unfinished because he was ill.
因为生病，他留下许多工作未做。
3．不定式作宾补
(1)常带t的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allw， ask，cause，cmmand，encurage，expect，frbid， frce，get，invite，leave，rder，permit，persuade，prefer，request，warn，wish，call n，depend upn等。
(2)常接不带t的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：help，使役动词(make，have，let)，感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用 于 被动语态，则t不可省略。动词help后的不定式符 号t 可 以 省略，也可以保留。
We hurriedly ended the meeting，leaving many prblems t be settled.
我们匆忙结束了会议，留下很多问题要解决。
4．with＋宾语＋宾补
(1)with＋宾语＋ding(表示主动且进行)
(2)with＋宾语＋dne(表示被动且完成)
(3)with＋宾语＋t d(表示将来)
The ld cuple ften take a walk after supper in the park with
their pet dg fllwing them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后
面跟着。
Jhn received an invitatin t dinner，and with his wrk finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的
工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lt f difficult prblems t settle，the newly elected
president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
考向五
非谓语动词作主语和表语
【典例】
【2021全国甲卷语法填空】
It is pssible ______ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
【非谓语动词作主语和表语提分秘籍】
1．非谓语动词作主语
不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作 ；v. －ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或v.－ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.－ing形式作主语：It is/was n use/n gd/f little use (gd) ding sth.。
Hearing hw thers react t the bk yu have just read creates an added pleasure.
聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。
It is n gd learning withut practice. xk+w
只学习不实践没有好处。
It’s nt easy t learn English well.Reading as much as pssible is necessary.
学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。
2．非谓语动词作表语
v．－ing形式作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定 式 作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。
What she likes is watching children play.
她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
His ambitin is t g Harvard University.
他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur 8 (ache) legs.
（2021.6新高考二卷）
I was upset t learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is fd.
（2021.6新高考二卷）
I decided t d smething ____38____ (educate) peple abut this prblem.
t educate
（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It is pssible 3 (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
After 4 (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!
（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Minimize the impact f 7 (visit) the place.
（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Activitithere range frm whale watching t hiking （远足） and accmmdatins aim 10 (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver 8 (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In 1985, urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.
（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple 9 (live) in the cuntryside, including lwer levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）
Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）
They represent the earth 63． (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）
They make great gifs and yu see them many times 65． (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）
They are easy 68． (care) fr and make great presents.
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）
The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 67． (find) the well-knwn painter.
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）
And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds69． (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
(2020·山东新高考语法填空)
As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in histry r 43．(walk)thrugh a rainfrest.
(2020·浙江卷语法填空)
Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 60．(change)lives.
(2020·浙江卷语法填空)
Later，they learned t wrk with the seasns (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Mdem methds ___f__ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Scientists have respnded by ___67___ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements,…
【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
A 90-year-ld has been awarded“Wman Of The Year”fr ___61___ (be)Britain's ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs a week.
【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，prud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had n plans ___65___ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
When we gt a call ___68___ (say)she was shrt-listed，we thught it was ___a__ jke.
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】
On ur way t the huse，it was raining ___s__ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there.
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】
On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we _were invited__(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars，___70___ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】
When the children are walking r ___59___ (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings,…
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】
But sme students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the unifrm.
【2019·北京卷·语法填空】
Nervusly ___2___ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t _myself_(I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
【2019·北京卷·语法填空】
Earth Day，___4___(mark)n 22 April，is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin.
【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】
Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality.
【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】
I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】
I still remember 59 (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
Althugh Keybarding has dne wnders____9____(make) life mre efficient, it is t impersnal.
（2022·云南·一模）
___14___ (lcate) suthwest f China, Las is the nly landlcked cuntry in Sutheast Asia and mainly depends n rad, water and air transprt fr the mvement f peple and gds.
（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）
As mre yung peple grw frustrated with pressure, they say they want t give up cnventinal rites f passage, such as _____30_____ (get) married r having children.
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
It was estimated that arund 1.2 millin tns f artificial snw were prduced fr the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics ___41___ (hld) in February this year.
（2022·重庆·一模）
Chinese wrkers nce demnstrated their great efficiency in 2018. Incredibly, arund 1,500 wrkers spent just nine hurs ___52___(cmplete) the cnstructin f a new train statin in Fujian Prvince, suthern China.
（2022·江西赣州·一模）
An imprtant factr ____74____ (affect) happiness is the tendency t cmpare ne’s situatin with ____75____ f ther peple.
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T3）
It’s certainly nt realistic ___3___ (remve) all plastic frm yur life, but sme statistics may encurage yu t reduce yur single-use plastic ftprints.
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T6）
Every piece f plastic ___6___ (create) will remain in the envirnment in sme frm, but…
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T7）
…but if yu cnveniently thrw it ut, wind and run-ff carry the waste dwn the sewer(污水管) and directly t the cean, ___7__ (affect) the marine life including the fish…
（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T1）
It seems that peple in western cuntries are becming increasingly___1___(wrry) abut the side effects f drugs,…
（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T4）
After ___4___ (suffer) frm insmnia (失眠) fr a few mnths, I was feeling mentally and physically exhausted.
（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T3）
In reality, hwever,60% f clthing nwadays is abandned within a year f purchase, which prduces vast quantities f waste that glbal landfills (垃圾填埋场) are struggling_____3_____ (absrb).
（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T7）
Yu culd buy secndhand clthing, t, as a useful way t extend the lifespan (寿命) f items already_____7_____ (create).
【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】
In 1995, Dr. Madan Kataria called n a grup f students in a park______ (test) whether adding regular laughter t peple’s lives wuld imprve their well-being, Kataria als intrduced deep breathing and simple yga mves int the exercises.
【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】
______ (inspire) by Chinese writing brushes, he uses bamb branches as his brushes, which represents his latest attempt t create unpredictability in splatter effects.
【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】
With the unpredictable painting effects f these tls, he als wants ______ (defend) the art field in the expansin f artificial intelligence.
【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】
His breakut vide, where his prcess f painting Qi tian Dasheng (Mnkey King) is shwn，has wn mre than 408,000. likes，______ (make) him ppular n the platfrm.
【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】
The Nrthern Essex Cmmunity Cllege (NECC) students and ne f their teachers spent part f their spring break in New Yrk City, helping repair an area ______ (destry) by the hurricane.
【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】
Tgether, thse vlunteers and the NECC students wrked ______ (clear) rubbish ut f a three-stry building.
【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】
Inside the building, the students saw nthing but brken walls and drs and pieces f the building ______ (lie) all ver the place.
【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】
Keeping him t busy ______ (think)abut the past helps him see a psitive light.
【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】
As glbal travel restrictins are likely ______ (remain) fr the cming mnths, Beijing 2022 rganizers have decided t cancel a series f test events.
【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】
Additinally, huge thanks t the Chinese natinal athletes and their caches fr ______ (cnduct) the test runs.
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
He says he gets s excited waiting fr his pigens ______ (arrive) at the end f a race that his heart starts beating fast.
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
Yu tld Reuters news agency Recently, his 7-mnth-ld pigen______ (name) "Link Ancestr" placed first in a Chinese Racing Pigen Assciatin race.
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
After all, there's s much fr yu______ ( learn) academically and scially, like getting alng with classmates, and dealing with teachers.
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
______ (like) by a large grup f peple cannt take the place f building deep, supprtive friendships.
【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】
S when anther utbreak hit Lndn in 1854, he was ready______ (begin) his enquiry.
【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】
She has cmpsed several sngs, including ne called the “Little dg in Dream"， where she imagined her life with the cmpany f a guide. ______ (bring) s much pleasure int her life, the pian empwers her with perseverance and accmpanies her thrughut her ups and dwns in its wn way.
【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】
She hpes t ______ (admit) t a university in Beijing and majr in music perfrmance r music prductin.
【河北省2021届高三模拟】
Jupiter's atmsphere is cvered with bands f cluds and filled with vast______ (spin) strms.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】
Gabi Rizea nly discvered his talent fr wdcarving three years ag, and put it t gd use, saving dzens f ld tree stumps frm being remved by______ (turn) them int impressive wrks f art.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】
He prmised t hnr their requests, but he will never repeat any f the artwrks ______ (find) in his hme city.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】
While ______ (fly) thrugh the wind, it prduced sund like the music prduced by gu – zheng, which is a traditinal Chinese musical instrument.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】
When peple lk at thse kites, they feel as if they are flying away with the kites ______ (escape) the nisy wrld and step int the nature with their bdy and sul.
【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
Nbu Okada, CEO f Astrscale, a cmpany wrking n ways t clean up space junk, says “even a small paint fleck has enugh pwer______ (blw) up ther satellites.
【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
______ (lk) t the future, like any litter prblem, we need t lk at ways f creating less.
【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】
A pedestrian lane runs mre than 4,000 meters thrugh the trpical frest, ______ (ensure) clse cntact with nature.
【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】
After New Yrk’s Met recently annunced its change t entrance fees, 36.______ (make) the $25 charge required rather than 37.______ (suggest)—it has raised the questin whether museums shuld be free f charge t the public.种类
形式
意义特征
功能
不定式
t d
主动、将来
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语
t be dne
被动、将来
t be ding
主动、进行
t have dne
主动、完成
t have been dne
被动、完成
过去分词
dne
被动、完成
作表语、状语、定语和补语
动词-ing
ding
主动、进行
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语