新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点09-定语从句与语法填空（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点09-定语从句与语法填空（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点09-定语从句与语法填空原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点09-定语从句与语法填空解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共40页， 欢迎下载使用。

【考点解读】
定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：
1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如: that, which和where, when的区分; that, which和why的区分等。
2. 考查whse的使用。whse可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时, whse＋名词＝名词＋ f which ＝ f which＋名词。如：
The classrm whse dr/the dr f which/f which the dr is brken is n the secnd flr.
3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引导的主语从句的区分。
4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：
I, wh am yur clse friend, will try my best t help yu whenever yu are in truble.
5. 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whm，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whse。如：
The teacher in frnt f whse huse stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.
6. 考查一些特殊的先行词。如: 当situatin, pint, case, activity, scene及perid, festival, ccasin等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。
7. 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。
【高考预测】
定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。
【重要考向】
一、关系代词引导的定语从句；
二、关系副词引导的定语从句；
三、“介词＋which/whm”引导的定语从句；
四、as引导的定语从句；
关系代词引导的定语从句
【典例】
【2022.1浙江卷语法填空】
Kim Cbb,a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta ,is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics 56 are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.
【关系代词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, wh, whm, whse, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。
1．wh, whm, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
I've becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl wh I met in the English speech cntest last year.
我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。
2．whse既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whse＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋f which”或“f which＋the＋名词”来代替。
①D yu knw the by whse handwriting is very beautiful?
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
②This is the huse whse windw brke last night.＝This is the huse, the windw f which brke last night.＝This is the huse, f which the windw brke last night.
这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。
3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
①There used t be much shade f an ld tree in the middle f the yard, which gave us much cl in summer.
过去，院子中央的一棵古树遮成的大片树荫使我们在夏季非常凉爽。
②We hpe the measures t cntrl huse prices, which are taken by the gvernment，will succeed.
我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。
4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。
(1)先行词是all, everything, smething, anything, nthing, nne, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, sme, any, n, few, little等修饰时。
I have read all the bks (that) yu gave me.
你给我的书我都已经读过了。
注意：当smething确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。
There is smething that/which keeps wrrying me.
有一件事一直令我不安。
(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the secnd, ...，the last修饰时。
This is the best film (that)I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(3)先行词被the nly，the very，the right等修饰时。
The nly thing that matters is t find ur way hme.
唯一一件要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked abut the persns and things (that) they remembered in the schl.
他们谈论起他们记得的学校里的人和事。
5．在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。
(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which。
Our ftball team wn the final, which made us excited.
我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。
The huse in which I used t live has becme a she shp.
过去我居住的房子变成了鞋店。
关系副词引导的定语从句
【典例】
【2020全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt ______it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
【关系副词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
when＝表时间的介词(in, n, at, during等)＋which。
where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, n, under等)＋which；
why＝表原因的介词(如fr)＋which。
1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
①Nwadays peple are mre cncerned abut the envirnment where they live.
现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。
②The reasn why I dn't trust him is that he ften tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
when＝表时间的介词(in, n, at, during等)＋which。
where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, n, under等)＋which；
why＝表原因的介词(如fr)＋which。x^kw
2．way和time后接定语从句的情况。
(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。如：
I dn't like the way (that/in which) he lks at me.
我不喜欢他看我的方式。
(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。如：
①This is the first time (that) I have talked with a freigner face t face.
这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。
②There was a time when I hated ging t schl.
曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。
“介词＋which/whm”引导的定语从句
【典例】
【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】
Lng, lng ag, the King f the Skies had a lvely daughter, t ______ he made many careful plans fr her future.
【“介词＋which/whm”引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
掌握“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点：
1关系代词的确定
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whm。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whm。如：
①This is the train n which I went t Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。
②This is the student fr whm I bught the dictinary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
2介词的位置
介词一般放在关系代词which和whm之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。如：
①The huse in which we live is very large.
＝The huse (which/that) we live in is very large.
我们住的房子很大。
②This is the man frm whm I learned the news.
＝This is the man (that/whm) I learned the news frm.
就是这个男人，我从他那里得到的这个消息。
注意：如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。如：
My yungest brther， whm I have t lk after， is demanding.
我得照看我的小弟弟，真是让人费神。
3关系代词前介词的确定
(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。如：
The fellw t whm I spke made n answer at first.
我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak t)
The West Lake, fr which Hangzhu is famus, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。(be famus fr)
(2)根据先行词来确定。如：
I'll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。如：
Air, withut which man can't live, is really imprtant.
空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(live withut)
4“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“sme/many/mst/all/nne/the largest＋f＋which/whm”等。如：
①Here are the questins, sme f which I think are difficult fr yu.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。
②He has three sns, nne f whm are dctrs.
他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。
5 “复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big huse, in frnt f which std a big tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
6“介词＋which/whm＋不定式”结构
The pr man has n huse in which t live.
＝The pr man has n huse t live in.
＝The pr man has n huse in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
as引导的定语从句
考察较少，学生可以做扩展知识学习。
【典例】
Children under fifteen are nt permitted t see such kind f film ________ is bad fr their mental develpment.
【as引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
1．as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, s等修饰时，关系代词用as。
①They culd nly read such stries as had been rewritten in simple English.
他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)
②These huses are sld at such a lw price as peple expected.
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)
③This is the same knife as I lst.
这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。
注意：与的区别
中的as引导的是定语从句，而中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。
①This is such a difficult prblem as all f us can't wrk ut.
这是一个我们所有人都不能解决的难题。
从句中的wrk ut缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作wrk ut的宾语。
②This is such a difficult prblem that all f us can't wrk it ut.
这个问题很难，我们中无人能解决它。
从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。
2．关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)位置不同
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如：
①As is ften the case, little bys tend t be very active and ut f cntrl.
小男孩总是很活泼好动，很难控制，这是常见的情况。
②Einstein, as is well knwn, is a famus scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
③There was a bank arund here as I remember.
我记得过去这儿附近有一家银行。
④He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.
他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。
(2)意义不同
as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybdy can see正如人人都能看到的那样；as is well knwn＝as is knwn t all众所周知；as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样；as (it) ften happens正如经常发生的那样；as is ften the case正如经常发生的那样；as has been said befre如上所述；as is mentined abve正如上面提到的；as I remember (it)正如我所记得的那样。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。如：
①He ppsed the idea, as culd be expected.
不出所料，他反对这个意见。
②Tm has made great prgress, which makes his parents very happy.
汤姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。
(3)用法不同
①当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。如：
He came here very late, which was unexpected (nt expected)．
他来得很晚，这是未预料到的。
②当as在句中作主语时，后常接动词的被动语态。如：be knwn, be said, be reprted等。如果从句中动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。如：
She has been absent again, as is expected.
她又缺席了，正如预料的那样。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
关系代词as和which的区别
1. 位置不同。
as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。
As we all knw, life is nt a bed f rses.
Life is nt a bed f rses, which we all knw.
2. 意义不同。
as意为“正如，就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的作用；which意为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。
As ften happened, they wn the ftball game again.
It rained heavily, which prevented us frm ging ut.
3. 当先行词被such, s, as等词修饰时，一般用as引导定语从句。
Such bks as yu want are sld ut.
（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl 2 gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
（2021.6新高考二卷）
I decided that if I learned f a cmpany____39____ used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.
（2020新课标Ⅲ卷高考真题）
In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almst lifelike.
【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield， ___62___ she pened with her late husband Les.
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】
They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring fr these animals.
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】
On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ___58___gives ff light in the dark.
【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___ they g.
【2019·北京卷·语法填空】
The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse ___9___ are ttally engaged(参与)in academic life.
【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 66 shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes (cause).
【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】
The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment _started_ (start) a sil-testing prgram ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】
Many westerners 57 cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
【2020全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almst lifelike.
【2020新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum ______pened in 1759.
【2019全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, ______ she pened with her late husband Les.
【2019全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
They were well trained by their masters______ had great experience with caring fr these animals.
【2019浙江卷6月语法填空】
On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ______gives ff light in the dark.
【2018全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 ______ shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.
【2018全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005 – when the gvernment started a sil – testing prgram ______ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers – and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
【2018全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
I’m nt sure ______ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears ut f nwhere.
【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】
Many westerners ______ cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
【2017全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, ______ is nt gd fr the health.
【2017全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
But Sarah, ______ has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.
【2017浙江卷11月语法填空】
Like many things in life, it’s an nging prcess, and the best part f the prcess is that there’s enugh rm fr imprvement, _______means yu’ll just keep getting better and better.
【2017浙江卷语法填空】
Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt swept int a pile f kitchen rubbish and was spread ver the garden, ______ it remained until the carrt’s leafy tp accidentally spruted (生长) thrugh it.
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
Studies have shwn that students____6____use handwriting t take ntes in class remember infrmatin better—imprving their scres___by____as much as 15 percent.
（2022·云南·一模）
The China-Las Railway, ___11___ cnnects Kunming in suthwest China’s Yunnan Prvince with the Latian capital, Vientiane, __started__ (start) peratin n Dec 3. 2021.
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
The 2014 Schi Olympics used 80% artificial snw, ___44___ later rse t 90% at the 2018 Pyengchang Winter Olympics.
（2022·重庆·一模）
It supprts trains ____60____ perate at a maximum speed f 200kph.
（2022·四川师范大学附属中学二模）
She was used t her previus wrk envirnment ___66___ the team leader and manager tk cntrl and made decisins.
（2022·河南·许昌市普通教育教学研究室二模）
Bing Dwen Dwen wears a full-bdy “shell” made ut f ice, ____66____ was inspired by bingtanghulu—____a___ traditinal Beijing street snack, accrding t Ca Xue, the designer f the masct.
（2022·河北邯郸·一模）
Stacey Abrams, ___71___ served in the Huse f Representatives in Gergia frm 2007 t 2017, is a plitician, lawyer and vting rights activist.
（2021•珠海市二模•语法填空•T1）
Sanxingdui (三星堆) is believed t have sat at the heart f the Shu state, ____1____ histrians knw little abut because f the lack f written recrds.
（2021•肇庆市三模•语法填空•T5）
Less snw cver in the muntains is imprtant in the West and Alaska, ____5____ will greatly reduce the chances f disasters caused by t much snw.
（2021•漳州一中新高考模拟•语法填空•T1）
Luis Cha (Chinese: Cha Leung Yung; 10 March 1924 - 30 Octber 2018), better knwn by his pen name Jin Yng, was a Chinese wuxia nvelist and essayist, ___1___ c-funded the Hng Kng daily newspaper Ming Ba in 1959 and served as the first editr-in-chief.
（2021•玉林市一模•语法填空•T4）
It reflects the culture ____4____ fling and cmplaining is part f everyday life.
（2021•永春县第三次联考•语法填空•T4）
She discvered Artemisinin（青蒿素）, a drug ____4____ has significantly reduced the death rates fr patients suffering frm malaria. “Artemisinin is a gift fr the wrld peple frm the traditinal Chinese medicine.
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关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
关
系
代
词
wh
人
主语
D yu knw the man wh is talking with yur mther?
whm,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whm
人
宾语
Mr Smith is the persn with whm I am wrking.
The by (whm) she lved died in the war.
whse
人、物
定语
I like thse bks whse tpics are abut histry.
The by whse father wrks abrad is my deskmate.
that
人、物
主语、宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pp star (that) I want t see very much.
which
物
主语、宾语
The bk (which) I gave yu was wrth $10.
The picture which was abut the accident was terrible.
as
人、物
主语、宾语
He is such a persn as is respected by all f us.
This is the same pen as I lst yesterday.
as作宾语一般不省略
关
系
副
词
when
时间
时间状语
I will never frget the day when we met there.
可用n which替换
where
地点
地点状语
This is the huse where I was brn.
可用in which替换
why
原因
原因状语
I can’t imagine the reasn why he turned dwn my ffer.
可用fr which替换
类别
语法意义及特征
例句
限制性定语从句
对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开
The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句
对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略
His mther,whm he lved deeply,died ten years ag.