新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点12-阅读之细节理解题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点12-阅读之细节理解题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点12-阅读之细节理解题原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点12-阅读之细节理解题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共60页， 欢迎下载使用。

【命题趋势】
细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。近年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。
【重要考向】
一、识别细节理解题；
二、细节题解题方法；
考向一
识别细节理解题
【典例】
【2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
25. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
B。细节理解题。根据第三段“Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther, resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。
【细节题的识别提分秘籍】
1. 细节题的设题方式
(1) 简单细节题标志：5个W，1个H。
Accrding t the passage, when / where / what / wh / why / hw (many)….
例如：
When / Where did the stry happen?
What did the authr think abut after getting up?
Wh is Lucy accrding t the passage?
Why did the authr bring back hme an ld milk bx?
Hw lng des it take the battery t charge up an iPhne?
(2) 文段篇章细节题
Which f the fllwing is (nt) true / false accrding t the passage?
Frm the passage, we can learn that ______.
Accrding t passage, we knw that ______.
(3) 排序题
Chse the right time rder f the fllwing events in ...
2. 细节题的选项特征
(1) 正确选项特征：
a. 与原文一致。
考向二
细节理解题解题方法
【典例】
【2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and "v", were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.（30多年前，学者Charles Hckett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard t prduce labidentals，which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure , making it easier t prduce such sunds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
【细节理解题型提分秘籍】
1. 判断关键词
(1) 识记关键词类别,主要分为以下类别：
a. 大写字母开头的词（人名、地名、专有名词等），数字（时间、英文时间），形容词副词（比较级、最高级），动词，名词。
b. 若题干中没有细节信息，如 “What can yu learn frm the passage?"无法找到定位词，就从选项中寻找定位词，方法一致。
(2) 划出关键词。如：
1.Why did Dr. Minr refuse t visit Oxfrd?
大写字母开头的词（人名、地名）
2.The TV ads f Sparrw ______.
大写字母开头的词（专有名词、人名）
3.Frm Paragraph 2 we can learn that ______.
数字
4.Why is June 6, 1990 a special day fr Mmmy?
数字（时间），大写字母开头的词
5.The writer mentins the tw nineteenth-century cttages t shw that ______.
数字（英文时间）
6.We can learn frm the last paragraph that ______.
形容词
7.We learn frm the text that in 2008 ______.
数字（时间）
8.At the age f thirteen, the authr regarded keeping a diary as a way f ______.
数字（英文时间）
9.What was a new use fr wind pwer in the late 19th century?
形容词，数字（时间）
10.While the Bwler family was living in the 1900 huse, ______.
大写字母开头的词（人名），数字（时间）
2. 关键词回文定位
即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解答。
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
24. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins.B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund.D. By remving the lid.
25. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr.B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle.D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting, the crrect “keys” wuld let ut the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided I wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
29. What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A. Lvely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discunt fare.D. A friend’s invitatin.
30. What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A. It culd be a hme fr her.B. It shuld be easily accessible.
C. It shuld be well preserved.D. It needs t be fully intrduced.
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tiera del Fueg. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
33. What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A. He ges t wrk by bat.B. He lks frward t a new life.
C. He pilts catamarans well.D. He is attached t the ld ferries.
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilt Sydney ferrybats fr a living. (30岁出头的Andrew Reynlds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”、第三段“I’ll miss these ld bats. (我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. (双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynlds喜欢老式渡船。故选D项。
【2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】
The Gvernment’s sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity (肥胖). It is believed that tday’s children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected t make £520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt. At present it is expected t generate £240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers’ effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
32. Why was the sugar tax intrduced?
A T cllect mney fr schls.B. T imprve the quality f drinks.
C. T prtect children’s health.D. T encurage research in educatin.
33. Hw did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax?
A. They turned t verseas markets.B. They raised the prices f their prducts.
C. They cut dwn n their prductin.D. They reduced their prducts’ sugar cntent.
34. Frm which f the fllwing is the sugar tax cllected?
A. Mst alchlic drinks.B. Milk-based drinks.C. Fruit juices.D. Classic Cke.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity .（该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖）”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers s they can avid paying the tax.（此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税）”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的）”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。
【2022年1月浙江卷阅读理解C篇】
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there's a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list.New research fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia（失智症）in later life-and if they did，it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr.Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden,said:“These findings are exciting because it's pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular（心血管的）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia.”
Fr the study,191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were tired ut t measure their peak（最大值的）cardivascular capacity.The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level with a capacity f 120 watts r higher. While 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; A ttal f 59 were f lw fitness level ,with a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less,r having their tests stpped because f health prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades.During that time,44 f the wmen develped dementia.Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia,cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
"Hwever,this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin.said Hrder. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant." She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied,all f whm were frm Sweden,s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
27.What is n the ever-grwing list mentined in the first paragraph?
A.Psitive effects f ding exercises. B.Exercises suitable fr the middle-aged.
C.Experimental studies n dementia. D.Advantages f sprty wmen ver men.
28.Why did the researchers ask the wmen t d bicycle exercise?
A.T predict their maximum heart rate. B.T assess their cardivascular capacity.
C.T change their habit f wrking ut. D.T detect their ptential health prblems.
第27题 细节理解题。根据第一段The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there's a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list.可知a new bnus (即psitive effects f ding exercise) are n the ever grwing list. 故选A。
第28题 细节理解题。根据第三段fr the study, 191 wmen with… tk a bicycle exercise…t measure their peak cardivascular capacity. 可知实验测试的是骑自行车对心血管的影响，故选B。
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
【参考答案】
A细节理解题。根据第一段“Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
Mst page turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, althugh Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage.
“My husband is the wrst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Rbert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
27. Why is Ms Rasppva’s husband “the wrse page turner”?
A He has very pr eyesight.B. He ignres the audience.
C. He has n interest in music.D. He frgets t d his jb.
【参考答案】
D细节理解题。题干关键词为“the wrse page turner”和Ms Rasppva’s husband。根据最后一段“He’s interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say: ‘Turn, turn!’(他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！”)”可知，Ms Rasppva的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选D项。
【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解A篇】
Then he fund a digital mapping prgram. He spent years searching fr his hmetwn in the prgram’s satellite pictures. In 2011, he came acrss smething familiar. He studied it and realized he was lking at a twn’s central business district frm a bird’s-eye view. He thught, “On the right-hand side yu shuld see the three-platfrm train statin” — and there it was. “And n the left-hand side yu shuld see a big funtain” — and there it was. Everything just started t match.
22. Hw did Brierley find his hmetwn?
A. By analyzing ld pictures.
B. By travelling all arund India.
C. By studying digital maps.
D. By spreading his stry via his bk.
【参考答案】
C 事实细节题 根据前两句Then he fund a digital mapping prgram. He spent years searching fr his hmetwn in the prgram’s satellite pictures.和最后一句Everything just started t match.可知主人公是通过研究数字地图找到家乡的。
【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解B篇】
At the start f the 20th century, an American engineer named Jhn Elfreth Watkins made predictins abut life tday. His predictins abut slwing ppulatin grwth, mbile phnes and increasing height were clse t the mark. But he was wrng in ne predictin: that everybdy wuld walk 10 miles a day.
The decline is nt because we have all becme lazy. Families are pressed fr time, many with bth parents wrking t pay fr their huse, ften wrking hurs nt f their chsing, living in car-dependent neighbrhds with limited public transprt.
The ther side f the cin is equally a deprivatin: fr health and well-being, as well as lst pprtunities (机会) fr children t get t knw their lcal surrundings. And fr parents there are lst pprtunities t walk and talk with their yung schlar abut their day.
24. Why des the authr mentin Watkins’ predictins in the first paragraph?
A. T make cmparisns.
B. T intrduce the tpic.
C. T supprt her argument.
D. T prvide examples.
25. What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity?
A. Plain laziness.
B. Health prblems.
C. Lack f time.
D. Security cncerns.
【参考答案】
24. B 推理判断题 根据第一段最后一句But he was wrng in ne predictin: that everybdy wuld walk 10 miles a day.和第二段可知，作者通过这个美国人的预言，引出如今青少年缺乏锻炼导致过度肥胖这个主题。
25. C 事实细节题 根据第三段Families are pressed fr time ... living in car-dependent neighbrhds with limited public transprt.可知，父母因生活压力忙于工作，缺乏时间，导致青少年锻炼不够。题干中的decrease和文中第三段的decline是同义转述，答案lack f time和文中第三段的are pressed fr time是同义转述。
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup — thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp — significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
33. Which level f backgrund nise may prmte creative thinking ability?
A. Ttal silence.B. 50 decibelsC. 70 decibels.D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an pen ffice unwelcme t many peple?
A. Persnal privacy unprtected.B. Limited wrking space.
C. Restrictins n grup discussin.D. Cnstant interruptins.
【参考答案】
33.C细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup - thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp - significantly utperfrmed the ther grups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，音量为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）”和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise - nt t lud and nt ttal silence - may actually imprve ne's creative thinking ability.（但由于70分贝的结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当的背景噪音——不要太大声，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。）”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。
34.D细节理解题。根据最后一段“S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can't stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers' cnversatins while we're trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.（那么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）”可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D 项。
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
14. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs' cncepts.
D. Changes in peple's scial psitins.
【参考答案】
A细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
25. Hw did David Bnd advcate his idea?
A. By making a dcumentary film. B. By rganizing utdr activities.
C. By advertising in Lndn media. D. By creating a netwrk f friends.
【参考答案】
A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ a Lndn media type, appinted himself..., a film which charts the birth f the wild Netwrk, a grup f rganizatins with the cmmn gal f petting children ut int nature”可知，David是一个电影导演，利用媒体来向孩子们推销大自然，记录了自己的活动，并且拍成了一部电影Prject wild Thing，由此可知他是通过制作纪录片的形式来倡导自己的想法的。故选A。
【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】
But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he shuld be ding cmedy but his gd lks and distinguished vice kept him busy in dramatic rles. It wasn't until1980-32 years int his career-that he landed the rle it wuld seem he was made fr in Airplane! That mvie led him int the secnd half f his career where his cmedic presence alne culd make a mvie a financial success even when mvie reviewers wuld nt rate it highly.
22. What d we knw abut Nielsen in the secnd half f his career?
A. He directed sme high quality mvies. B. He avided taking n new challenges.
C. He fcused n playing dramatic rles. D. He became a successful cmedy actr.
【参考答案】
D细节理解题。题干定位:根据题干中的 in the secnd half f his career可将本题题眼锁定在第二段。根据第二段中的“That mvie led him int the secnd half f his career where his cmedic presence alne culd make a mvie a financial success even when ...”可知，尼尔森在其事业的后半段因为电影Airplane而成为一名成功的喜剧演员。故选D项。
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact(接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
28. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances.
B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules.
D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
【参考答案】
C细节理解题。根据 “But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact with the grund at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
29. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s mre effective in bdy building.
D. It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
30 What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ pinins.B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach.D. Ding regular exercises.
【参考答案】
29. D细节理解题。根据 “As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
30. A细节理解题。根据Dr. Nrberg说的话“In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Nrberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。
9. 【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy（MIT）have taken it a step further — changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. ＂We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
33. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water. B. T change cmpsitins f plants.
C. T make the life f plants lnger.D. T test chemicals in plants.
【参考答案】
A细节理解题。根据段中These include plants that have sensrs printed n their leaves t shw when they're shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。
【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
24. In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A. Building cnfidence. B. Develping spatial skills.
C. Learning self-cntrl. D. Gaining high-tech knwledge.
【参考答案】
B细节理解题。根据第二段中…fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develp better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Develping spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。
25.What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imaginatin.
C. Parents’ educatin. D. Child-parent relatinship.
【参考答案】
C细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin after cntrlling fr difference in parents' incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' educatin.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。
【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
26. Hw d by differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles mre ften.
B. They tend t talk less during the game.
C. They prefer t use mre spatial language.
D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
【参考答案】
D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。
【2020全国卷III阅读理解D篇】
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin — nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts(支柱) in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land," said Redney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. "We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders," Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea."
33. Where d the Bajau build their huses?
A. In valleys.B. Near rivers.C. On the beach.D. Off the cast.
34. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day.B. They had a superb way f fishing.
C. They culd stay lng underwater.D. They lived n bth land and water.
【参考答案】
33. D细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally live n husebats; in recent times, they've als built huses n stilts in castal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D. Off the cast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。
34. C细节理解题。根据第三段的we were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilad感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They culd stay lng underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。
1【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric（生物测量）technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e-spaces. At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device（装置）that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key. The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique t each persn. Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t — regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren’t already familiar with. Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.
In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd ＂tuch＂fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
28. Why d the researchers develp the smart keybard?
A. T reduce pressure n keys. B. T imprve accuracy in typing
C. T replace the passwrd system. D. T cut the cst f e-space prtectin.
29. What makes the inventin f the smart keybard pssible?
A. Cmputers are much easier t perate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develp fast.
C. Typing patterns vary frm persn t persn.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30. What d the researchers expect f the smart keybard?
A. It’ll be envirnment-friendly. B. It’ll reach cnsumers sn.
C. It’ll be made f plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.
【参考答案】
28. D 事实细节题 根据第一段最后一句At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh和第二段第一句 … they have cme up with a lw-cst device that gets arund this prblem可知，研发智能键盘的目的是为了降低保护电子空间的成本。
29. C 事实细节题 根据第三段Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently可知，人与人打字的模式不同，使得这一发明能够实现其功能。
30. B 事实细节题 根据最后一段the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future可知，实现智能键盘商业化很容易，并且其造价并不昂贵，因此研发团队希望在不久的将来能将其投放市场。
1【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
I’m secretly relieved because I knw there’s real pwer in sharing vlunteer respnsibilities amng many. The unwilling parent rganizes the meal schedule, sends ut emails, and cllects mney fr end-f-seasn gifts. Smewhere alng the way, the same parent ends up becming an invaluable member f the team. The cach is able t fcus n the kids while the ther parents are relieved t be ff the hk fr anther seasn. Handing ut sliced ranges t bldthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching yur wn kid scre a gal.
26. What can we learn abut the parent frm paragraph 3?
A. She gets interested in lacrsse.B. She is prud f her kids.
C. She’ll wrk fr anther seasn.D. She becmes a gd helper.
【参考答案】
D 事实细节题 根据第三段的Smewhere alng the way, the same parent ends up becming an invaluable member f the team.可知，这位家长后来成为社团里的一个有力帮手。
1【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】
HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers. Fr the past tw years, Grdn’s students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity, and they think they’re clse t a slutin（解决方案）. “We dn’t give the students any breaks. They have t d it just like NASA engineers,” says Flrence Gld, a prject manager.
"There are n tests," Grdn says. "There is n graded hmewrk. There almst are n grades, ther than 'Are yu wrking twards yur gal?' Basically, it’s 'I’ve gt t prduce this prduct and then, at the end f year, present it t NASA.' Engineers cme and really d an in-persn review, and... it’s nt a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review f yur prduct."
34. What d the NASA engineers d fr the students in the prgram?
A. Check their prduct.B. Guide prject designs.
C. Adjust wrk schedules.D. Grade their hmewrk.
【参考答案】
A 事实细节题 根据第三段最后两句Engineers cme and really d an in-persn review, and…it’s nt a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review f yur prduct.可知，美国国家航空航天局的工程师们会亲自审查学生们制作的产品。
1【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C篇】
Befre the 1830s,mst newspapers were sld thrugh annual subscriptins in America, usually $8 t $10 a year. Tday $8 r $10 seems a small amunt f mney, but at that time these amunts were frbidding t mst citizens. Accrdingly, newspapers were read almst nly by rich peple in plitics r the trades. In additin, mst newspapers had little in them that wuld appeal t a mass audience. They were dull and visually frbidding. But the revlutin that was taking place in the 1830s wuld change all that.
28.Which f the fllwing best describes newspapers in America befre the 1830s?
A. Academic.B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive.D. Cnfidential.
【参考答案】
28. B 事实细节题 根据第一段第四句和第五句In additin, mst newspapers had little in them that wuld appeal t a mass audience. They were dull and visually frbidding.可知，当时的报纸并不吸引人。unattractive可同义异构为文中的dull and visually frbidding。
32. C 事实细节题 根据第二段A team f researchers trained three Rhesus mnkeys t assciate 26 clearly different symbls … with 0-25 drps f water r juice as a reward. The researchers then tested … 可知，实验开始前，研究人员先对猴子进行训练。
1【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解D篇】
A team f researchers trained three Rhesus mnkeys t assciate 26 clearly different symbls cnsisting f numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drps f water r juice as a reward. The researchers then tested hw the mnkeys cmbined—r added—the symbls t get the reward.
Here's hw Harvard Medical Schl scientist Margaret Livingstne, wh led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the mnkeys were prvided with tuch screens. On ne part f the screen, a symbl wuld appear, and n the ther side tw symbls inside a circle were shwn. Fr example, the number 7 wuld flash n ne side f the screen and the ther end wuld have 9 and 8. If the mnkeys tuched the left side f the screen they wuld be rewarded with seven drps f water r juice; if they went fr the circle, they wuld be rewarded with the sum f the numbers—17 in this example.
33. Hw did the mnkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A. By drawing a circle.B. By tuching a screen.
C. By watching vides.D. By mixing tw drinks.
【参考答案】
B 事实细节题 根据第三段If the mnkeys tuched the left side f the screen they wuld be rewarded with seven drps f water r juice; … 可知，猴子通过触摸屏幕得到奖励。
（2022·浙江温州·二模）
Cuaya and her clleagues decided t use brain images frm MRI scanning t shed light n her hunch. They wrked with dgs f varius ages that had, until the experiment, nly heard their wners speak just ne f the tw languages, Spanish r Hungarian. Nt surprisingly, getting the dgs t happily take part in the experiment tk sme creative caxing and animal training! The researchers first needed t teach Kun-kun and her 17 fellw participating dgs including a labraddle, a glden retriever and Australian shepherds, t lie still in a brain scanner. Their pet parents were always present, and they culd leave the scanner at any pint.
2．What did Cuaya cnsider when chsing dgs fr study?
A．Age limits.B．Brain patterns.
C．Language expsure.D．Owners' cmmands.
【答案】C
【解析】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“They wrked with dgs f varius ages that had, until the experiment, nly heard their wners speak just ne f the tw languages, Spanish r Hungarian.(在实验之前，他们对不同年龄的狗进行研究，这些狗的主人只会说西班牙语或匈牙利语这两种语言中的一种)”可知，Cuaya在选择研究狗时考虑了语言接触。故选C。
（2022·河北邯郸·一模）
A study led by Plana-Ripll, a dctr at Aarhus University in Denmark, tries t deal with a fundamental questin that has bthered researchers fr mre than a century—what exactly causes mental illness?
In the hpe f finding the answer, scientists have piled up a large amunt f data ver the past decade, thrugh studies f genes and brain activity. They have fund that many f the same genes underlie seemingly distinct disrders and that changes in the brain’s decisin-making systems culd be invlved in many cnditins.
The researchers are als rethinking theries f hw ur brains g wrng. The idea that mental illness can be classified int distinct, separate categries like “anxiety” has been disprved t a large extent. Instead, recently they’ve fund that disrders shade int each ther, and there are n hard dividing lines.
The researchers are trying t understand the bilgy that underlies mental illness. They have a few theries. Perhaps there are several dimensins f mental illness, s depending n hw a persn scres n each dimensin, they might be mre likely t have sme disrders than thers. An alternative idea is that there is a single factr that makes peple easier t suffer frm mental illness in general. What disrder they develp is then determined by ther factrs. Bth ideas are being taken seriusly thugh the frmer ne is mre widely accepted by the researchers.
The details are still unclear, but mst researchers agree that ne thing is specific: The ld system f categrizing mental disrders int neat bxes des nt wrk. They are als hpeful that, in the lng run, replacing this framewrk with ne that is grunded in bilgy will lead t new drugs and treatments. The researchers aim t reveal, fr instance, the key genes, brain regins and neurlgical prcesses invlved in psychpathlgy(精神病理学), and target them with treatments. Althugh it might take a while t get there, they are lng-term ptimistic if the field really des its wrk.
8．What aspect f mental illness has been puzzling researchers accrding t the text?
A．Its symptms.B．Its rts.
C．Its categries.D．Its theries.
9．What have the researchers fund frm the recent study?
A．There exist links between mental disrders.
B．Brain functin has little t d with mental illness.
C．Mental illness is classified int different categries.
D．Genes are cmpletely different in distinct mental disrders.
10．Which ne is mre widely accepted by the researchers accrding t paragraph 4?
A．The thery f genetic influences.
B．The belief f brain abnrmalities.
C．The cncept f multiple dimensins.
D．The idea f the determined risk factr.
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。研究人员提出了一些有关精神疾病的新理论，并希望多了解其病理以及引发精神疾病的生物学因素，从而研制出有效的药物。
【答案】B
【解析】
细节理解题。根据第一段内容“A study led by Plana-Ripll, a dctr at Aarhus University in Denmark, tries t deal with a fundamental questin that has bthered researchers fr mre than a century—what exactly causes mental illness?(丹麦奥胡斯大学的Plana-Ripll博士领导了一项研究，试图解决一个困扰了研究人员一个多世纪的基本问题——到底是什么导致了精神疾病?)”可知，精神疾病的根源是什么这一问题困扰了研究人员一个多世纪。故选B项。
9．
【答案】A
【解析】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Instead, recently they’ve fund that disrders shade int each ther, and there are n hard dividing lines.(相反，他们最近发现，紊乱相互影响，并且没有明显的分界线。)”可知，研究人员最近发现各种精神疾病之间是相互联系的，没有标准的分界线。故选A项。
10．
【答案】C
【解析】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Perhaps there are several dimensins f mental illness, s depending n hw a persn scres n each dimensin, they might be mre likely t have sme disrders than thers.（精神疾病可能有多个维度，因此根据一个人在每个维度上的得分，他们可能比其他人更容易患上某些疾病）”和最后一句“Bth ideas are being taken seriusly thugh the frmer ne is mre widely accepted by the researchers.(尽管前一种观点被研究人员更广泛地接受，但这两种观点都被认真对待。)”可知，多维度的概念更广泛地被研究人员接受。故选C项。
（2022·河北邯郸·一模）
Having bth the curisity and passin t explre the wrld is rewarding, Acquiring new skills after class is necessary and beneficial. T help yu n yur jurney f self-grwth and discvery, here are sme free learning tls available fr self-learners.
Khan Academy
Khan Academy is ne f the mst ppular learning tls ut there. It ffers ver 4,000 free curses frm a huge variety f disciplines. One f the best things abut the platfrm is that it’s available in many ther languages ther than English. It is a mbile app with wnderful vides t keep yur learning n the g.
Duling
Speaking f learning n the g, Duling is als ne f the mst ppular mbile learning apps. The app ffers yu the pprtunity t learn a language. Flashcards, multiple-chice questins, and translatin exercises help yu pick up vcabulary and grammar. If yu want t get started learning a new language, Duling can give yu an excellent fundatin.
The Uiniversity f Oxfrd
England’s ldest university ffers ver 600 nline curses, sets f teaching materials, and lecture series n its pen educatin platfrm. This makes it ne f the mst invaluable learning tls n the Internet. Unlike curses n ther platfrms, Oxfrd’s curses and lectures aren’t laid ut t give intrductins t brad tpics. Instead, learners can deep-dive int specific attractive subjects, such as the late wrks f Schumann, r the perfrmance histry f Medea.
BkBn
If yu’re the learner type wh likes text and text nly, BkBn is a great resurce fr yu. It ffers ver 50 millin e-bks and textbks n just abut any subject that yu can think f. Frm an intrductin t essay writing t the philsphy f artificial intelligence, BkBn has almst cvered everything.
12．What d Khan Academy and Duling have in cmmn?
A．They are nly available in English.
B．They ffer thusands f free curses.
C．They belng t mbile learning apps.
D．They are platfrms fr learning classrm discipline.
13．What is unique abut the University f Oxfrd?
A．It cvers specific curses.B．It includes vide teaching.
C．It is available fr self-learners.D．It prvides nline curses.
14．Which is the fittest ne fr text-lving learners?
A．Khan Academy.B．Duling.
C．The University f Oxfrd.D．BkBn.
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款学习工具。
12．
【答案】C
【解析】
细节理解题。根据Khan Academy介绍中的最后一句“It is a mbile app with wnderful vides t keep yur learning n the g.(这是一个有精彩的视频的移动应用程序，以让你边走边学。)”和Duling介绍中的第一句“Speaking f learning n the g, Duling is als ne f the mst ppular mbile learning apps.(说到边走边学，Duling也是最受欢迎的移动学习应用之一。)”可知，这两款学习工具的共同之处是它们都属于移动应用程序。故选C项。
13．
【答案】A
【解析】
细节理解题。根据The University f Oxfrd介绍中的最后一句“Instead, learners can deep-dive int specific attractive subjects, such as the late wrks f Schumann, r the perfrmance histry f Medea.(相反，学习者可以深入研究特定的有吸引力的主题，如舒曼的晚期作品，或美狄亚的表演历史。)”可知，这款学习工具的独特之处在于学习者可以通过此学习工具深入研究特定的、有吸引力的主题。故选A项。
14．
【答案】D
【解析】
细节理解题。根据BkBn介绍中的前两句“If yu’re the learner type wh likes text and text nly, BkBn is a great resurce fr yu. It ffers ver 50 millin e-bks and textbks n just abut any subject that yu can think f.(如果你是那种只喜欢文本的学习者，BkBn对你来说是一个很好的资源。它提供了超过5000万本电子书和教科书，内容几乎是你能想到的任何主题。)”可知，该学习工具最适合喜欢文本学习的人。故选D项。
（2022·河北邯郸·一模）
Starting in early January, 15-year-ld Abby Gagne spent sme weekends walking thrugh snw in the 330 acres f wds arund her huse “tapping” trees. Abby’s family are sugar makers. Fr five generatins, her family have cllected sap frm maple trees. They bil it dwn int the thick sweet syrup that Nrth Americans lve t apply n their pancakes.
Abby’s dad, Jasn drills hles 1.5 inches deep int the trunks f maples in the wds. Sugar makers tap nly lder trees. These are usually at least 40 years ld and 10 inches thick at chest height. They stick a tap int each hle, usually ne per tree. Taps made f plastic are used fr sap t flw thrugh. They will cme ut at the end f the seasn, and the hles will return t health.
19．What did Abby help d n weekends?
A．Cllect maple branches.B．Drill hles in the wds.
C．Bil the thick sweet syrup.D．Get sap frm maple trees.
【答案】D
【解析】
细节理解题，根据第一段“Starting in early January,15-year-ld Abby Gagne spent sme weekends walking thrugh snw in the 330 acres f wds arund her huse “tapping” trees. Abby’s family are sugar makers. Fr five generatins, her family have cllected sap frm maple trees. They bil it dwn int the thick sweet syrup that Nrth Americans lve t apply n their pancakes.(从1月初开始，15岁的艾比·加涅花了几个周末在她家周围330英亩的树林里徒步“敲打”树木。艾比的家人都是制糖商。她家五代人都在收集枫树的汁液。他们把它熬成北美人喜欢涂在煎饼上的浓糖浆)”可知，Abby Gagne在周末帮助父母收集树液来热制枫糖浆。故选D。
（2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测）
Team China’s teenage freeski superstar Gu Ailing had halfpipe gld wrapped up by her secnd run at Genting Snw Park in Zhangjiaku. “I’ve never taken a victry lap befre in my entire life, but this time I felt like I finally deserve it,” Gu tld reprters after becming the first athlete t win Olympic medals in all three freeski events. Her big victry at the 2021 X Games in Aspen, Clrad, where she wn Big Air, halfpipe and slpestyle glds, increased the expectatin level fr her Olympic perfrmance in Beijing.
Brn in Califrnia t a Chinese mther, Gu began cmpeting fr China when she was 15 in 2019, stating her aim t inspire millins f yung peple during the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing and prmte the sprt she lves. Since then, the utstanding part-time mdel and grade-A student has been busy gaining recrds, titles and firsts. All the while her superstar status has snwballed, as evidenced by her millins f fllwers n scial media.
The 18-year-ld als clearly feels she has achieved much away frm the sprting arena at Beijing 2022 and she has becme the inspiratin fr many. “After reading hundreds f messages that I get every day frm yung girls saying that they g sking because f me and they want t keep ging r they, yu knw, brke their bundaries in sme ther way and felt inspired by smething that I said, I feel all thse little things are immensely rewarding.”
When asked abut her future plan, she had n idea whether she wuld cntinue t cmpete in freestyle skiing. “I’m ging t d whatever feels right, and hpefully I’ll be able t create sme kind f psitive change ut f any psitin that I'm in,” said Gu.
23．Gu was the first athlete t________.
A．take a victry lap in the OlympicsB．gain three glds at the 2021 X Games
C．win three glds in the Olympic eventsD．get Olympic medals in three freeski events
24．What d we knw abut Gu?
A．She was brn in China.B．She did well in different fields.
C．Her superstar status badly affected her life.D．Her aim was t prmte the Winter Olympics.
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了谷爱凌成为了第一个在三项自由滑雪项目上获得奥运奖牌的运动员，介绍了她的个人经历以及对年轻女孩的激励。
23．
【答案】D
【解析】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Gu tld reprters after becming the first athlete t win Olympic medals in all three freeski events.(在成为第一个在三项自由滑雪比赛中都获得奥运奖牌的运动员后，谷爱凌告诉记者)”可知，谷爱凌是第一个在三项自由滑雪项目上获得奥运奖牌的运动员。故选D。
24．
【答案】B
【解析】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Since then, the utstanding part-time mdel and grade-A student has been busy gaining recrds, titles and firsts. All the while her superstar status has snwballed, as evidenced by her millins f fllwers n scial media.(从那以后，这位优秀的兼职模特和优等生一直在忙于获得记录、头衔和一等奖。与此同时，她的超级巨星地位如滚雪球般增加，她在社交媒体上的数百万粉丝就是明证)”可推知，她在不同的领域做得很好。故选B。
（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）
Sleeping badly r wrking night shifts culd be making yu fat, weak and mre likely t becme diabetic. A study has revealed sleep lss changes the way peple’s DNA wrks and makes the bdy mre dedicated t string fat. Muscles get smaller and fat stres begin t rise when peple lse as little as ne night’s sleep, the experts fund. Althugh midnight snacks r being t tired t exercise culd be blamed fr tired peple getting fatter, there may nw be a mre scientific reasn.
Researchers have linked lsing sleep t weight gain in the past but have fund it difficult t explain—nw they reveal it culd be linked t the bdy clck. And a tired bdy als becmes less able t handle sugar in the bld which raises the risk f smene develping type 2 diabetes.
31．If yu sleep badly r wrk night shifts, what may nt happen t yu accrding t the text?
A．Yu can be fat, weak and mre likely t becme diabetic.
B．Yur bdy may becme less able t handle sugar in the bld.
C．Yu might develp a habit f eating midnight snacks r being t tired t exercise.
D．Yur bdy is mre absrbed in string fat.
本文是一篇说明文。通过一项研究表明睡眠不足或睡眠不佳会改变人体DNA的工作方式，使身体更专注于储存脂肪，因此从一定程度上揭示了为什么长期睡眠不足和轮班工作会增加体重和患2型糖尿病的风险。
【答案】C
【解析】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Sleeping badly r wrking night shifts culd be making yu fat, weak and mre likely t becme diabetic. A study has revealed sleep lss changes the way peple’s DNA wrks and makes the bdy mre dedicated t string fat.（睡眠不好或上夜班可能会让你变胖、变弱，更容易患糖尿病。一项研究表明，睡眠不足会改变人的DNA工作方式，使身体更倾向于储存脂肪。）”根据第二段“And a tired bdy als becmes less able t handle sugar in the bld which raises the risk f smene develping type 2 diabetes.”（疲惫的身体处理血液中的糖分的能力也会降低，这会增加患2型糖尿病的风险）可知，如果你睡眠不好或上夜班，你可能不会养成了吃夜宵的习惯，或者因为太累而无法锻炼。故选C。
（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）
In their letters t Santa Claus, mst kids ask fr tys, dlls r maybe a new Xbx. All Jnah Simns wanted was a crnavirus cure t save the wrld. That was last year. This hliday seasn, the 10-year-ld Flrida by is back with a different request fr Santa.
“Dear Santa, it’s Jnah. D yu remember me? I was the ne wh asked fr a cvid cure,” he wrte in a letter addressed t the Nrth Ple and shared with CNN. “Thank yu s much fr the vaccine! Yu helped save lives. This year, can I please have a Santa cstume t spread yur jy arund the wrld?”
35．What des Jnah want as a Christmas gift this year?
A．A cvid cure.B．Tys and dlls.
C．Anew Xbx.D．A Santa suit.
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国Flrida的10岁小男孩在新冠疫情期间的愿望，今年他想要一套圣诞老人服装，以此给大家传播快乐。
【答案】D
【解析】
细节理解题。根据第二段“This year, can I please have a Santa cstume t spread yur jy arund the wrld?”(“今年，我能请求要一件圣诞老人的服装，把你的快乐传播到世界各地吗？”)”可知，Jnah今年想要的圣诞节礼物是一件圣诞老人的服装，故选D。