新高考英语一轮复习教案：定语从句

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习教案：定语从句，共6页。
(介词prepsitin、关系代词relative prnun、关系副词relative adverb)
定语从句: 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面，定语从句可以由关系代词that、which、wh(宾格whm、所有格whse)和关系副词where、when、why引导；关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，关系副词在定语从句中作状语，它们在复合句中起连接主从句的作用。
关系词的选用
1、当先行词是人时，用关系代词wh、whm、that引导定语从句，如：
The freigner wh/that visited ur schl yesterday is frm Canada.(作从句主语，不能省略)
The persn (wh/whm/that) yu just talked t is Mr. Green. (作从句宾语，可以省略)
2、当先行词是物时，用关系代词which、that引导定语从句，如：
They planted the trees which/that didn’t need much water. (作从句主语，不能省略)
The fish (which/that) we bught were nt fresh. (作从句宾语，可以省略)
3、当从句主语与先行词（可以是人也可以是物）存在从属关系时，用关系代词whse
I knw the by whse article is very gd.
I live in a huse whse windws face the suth.
4、当先行词是时间时，用关系副词when( = at that time)来引导
I still remember the day when I first came t Beijing.
5、当先行词是地点时，用关系副词where( = at that place)来引导
The factry where his father wrks is in the west f the city.
6、当先行词为reasn时,用关系副词why来引导，如：
He culdn’t give the teacher a gd reasn why he was late fr schl.
7、先行词为地点、时间时，选用关系代词或关系副词，要看它在从句中作何种成分，如：
This is the huse where I lived(vi.不及物动词) last year.(在从句中作状语)
This is the huse which was built(vt.及物动词) last year. (在从句中作主语)

Nw it is autumn when we held a sprts meet.(作状语)
Nw it is autumn which is the third seasn f the year. (which在定语从句中作主语应该使用关系代词which或that)
介词的提前
如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词，它所接的介词可以放在从句中相关动词的后面，也可以把它提到关系代词的前面，此时，先行词为人时介词后面用关系代词whm,先行词为物时，介词后用关系代词which,即：介词 + 关系代词（是人时用whm,是物时用which）
I knw the man (wh/whm/that) Jim is talking t.
= I knw the man t whm Jim is talking.
This is the rm (which/that) I used t live in.
= This is the rm in which I used t live.
介词的确定
“介词 + 关系代词（whm、which）”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：
1、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词
The man t whm I spke is my teacher.(speak t)
The west lake,fr which Hangzhu is famus,is a beautiful place.(be famus fr)
2、根据先行词来确定介词
I never frgt the days durig which we lived and wrked tgether.(during the days)
3、根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词
Air,withut which man can’t live,is really imprtant.
但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如：take care f、lk fr、lk after等。
关系代词不能用that的情况：
1、介词 + 关系代词时，不能用that
This is the rm in which (不能用that) LuXun lived.
2、非限制性定语从句
He has a daughter,wh(不能用that) wrks in a hspital.
3、先行词是that时，为了避免重复，不用that
The clck is that which (不能用that) tells the time.
关系代词宜用that而不用which的情况：
1、定语从句的先行词同时有人又有物时，如：
They talk abut the persns and things that they remember in the ld days.
2、先行词是the ne、all、much、little、few、nne、everything、anything、nthing等不定代词时，如：
Is there anything else that I can d fr yu?
I mean the ne that was bught yesterday.
3、先行词是数词时，如：
Lk at these flwers. Yu can see the tw that yu gave me.
4、先行词被序数词（含last）或形容词最高级修饰时，如：
This is the last lessn that Mr. Green taught us.
It is the mst imprtant task that shuld be finished sn.
5、先行词被all、n、nly、ne f、sme、any、few、little、much、very等修饰时，如：
I have read all the bks that yu lent me.
6、先行词在主句中作表语或关系代词在从句中作表语，该关系代词要用that，而不用which,如：
It is a bk that will help yu a lt.
My hmetwn is n lnger the place that it used t be.
7、先行词是wh、which开头时，为了避免重复，如：
Wh is the man that shk hands with yu just nw?
Which is the bk that yu want t brrw frm me.
以as引导的定语从句
1、引导限制性定语从句，用于such…as…；the same…as…；as many/much…as…结构中：
Such bks as yu bught are useless.
As many members as were present agreed t the plan.
I lve such peple as lve me.
2、引导限制性定语从句，as = which/that is,如：
English as spken in Australia is slightly(轻微的) different frm British English.
3、引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句；从句的位置可以在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。（which引导非限制性定语从句不能放于句首）
As is ften the case（情况）,Mary was late fr schl.
As we all knw,light travels much faster than sund in the air.
以but引导的定语从句，but = wh…nt…或that…nt…,如：
There is n man but wuld be surprised at the news.
=There is n man that wuldn’t be surprised at the news.
There is n ne but wishes peace.
=There is n ne that desn’t wish peace.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。主从句一般不用逗号隔开，如：
He is a man wh can help me.
Hw d yu aplgise t yur friend whse bike yu lst？
2非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉主句的意思仍然很清楚，主从句一般用逗号隔开，如：
LiLei,whse father is a wrker,is my best friend.
Lijiang,where I was brn,is very beautiful.
补充说明材料：
1、系表结构 = 连系动词 + 表语（即连系动词后面的成分，adj.或n.或介词短语等）
2、连系动词：
A、be动词（am、is、are）表达“是”的意思时，如：
He is a student.
B、感官动词（lk、seem、taste、smell、feel等），如：
I feel cld.
C、表示变化的词（get、turn、becme、g等），如：
He became ur mnitr last term.
D、表示状态的词（keep、stay、remain等），如：
Fr a lng time,the language in America stayed the same.
关系副词 = 介词 + 关系代词
This is the rm where she did her hmewrk.
= This is the rm in which she did her hmewrk.
1958 was the year when Spielberg made his first real film.
= 1958 was the year in which Spielberg made his first real film.