新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题10 阅读理解之猜词题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题10 阅读理解之猜词题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题10阅读理解之猜词题原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题10阅读理解之猜词题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共56页， 欢迎下载使用。


一、思维导图
二、方法点拨
1. 设问方式
The underlined wrd “ … ” refers t/ (prbably) means .
“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…
What d yu think the expressin “…” stands fr?
What des the underlined wrd “…” refer t in the last paragraph?
Which f the fllwing wrds can take the place f the wrd “ … ”?
The underlined wrd “…” culd best be replaced by…
Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t the wrd “ … ”?
What des the authr mean by “…” in paragraph 2?
2. 七大技巧
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：
例子1
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin­state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
29．Which f the fllwing best explains “dminant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Cmplex. B．Advanced.
C．Pwerful. D．Mdern.
[分析] 根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项pwerful (强大的，有影响力的)。
【真题小练 】 (浙江2019.6 阅读理解B）
Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin
Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with
pins and a sign that read, "Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need."
( )What des the expressin "mney with n strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A.Mney spent withut hesitatin. B.Mney nt legally made.
C.Mney ffered withut cnditins. D.Mney nt tied tgether.
2.根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：
例子2
I am Peter Hdes, a vlunteer stem cell curier. Since March 2012, I've dne 89 trips — f thse, 51 have been abrad. I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last. In all, frm the time the stem cells are harvested frm a dnr (捐献者) t the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've gt 72 hurs at mst. S I am always cnscius f time.
29．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “curier” in Paragraph 1?
A．prvider B．delivery man
C．cllectr D．medical dctr
[分析] “a vlunteer stem cell curier”是“Peter Hdes”的同位语；根据文中“I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little bx”可知，Peter Hdes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人，即作者是干细胞递送员。故选择B项。
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：
①“Our parties are aimed fr children 2 t 10，” Anacleri said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense f drama based n a subject.”
文中interactive是由前缀inter­(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
②Perhaps, we can see sme pssibilities fr next fifty years. But the next hundred?
pssibility是pssible的同根名词，据此可以判断pssibility的意思是“可能性”。
例子3
A silence in a cnversatin may als shw stubbrnness, uneasiness,_r wrry.
[分析] 根据构词法知识我们可知，un­为否定前缀，­ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可猜测uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。
(全国II 2014 阅读理解A）
My husband rushed t their hme t find a kind family hlding all papers and dcuments. Their yung daughter had gne t the trash can and fund a pile f unfamiliar last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephne number t a friend. That family nt nly returned the imprtant dcuments t us that day, but als restred ur faith and trust in peple. We still remember their kindness and ften send a warm wish their way.
( )What des the underlined wrd “restred” in the last paragraph mean?
shwed. B. sent ut. C. delivered. D. gave back
4.根据因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：
例子4
If yu have a_juicer,_yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sftserve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children's party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert. B．A drink.
C．A cntainer. D．A machine.
[分析] 该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的后半句和第二句， “yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a ‘sft­serve’ creamy dessert, t be eaten right away.” 即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”。由此因果关系可推知juicer指的是榨汁机。故选择D项。
5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。例如：
例子5
[2]Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S.the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
[3]It's Jasn Mran's jb t help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
…
29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Jazz becming mre accessible.
B．The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C．Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D．The jazz audience becming larger.
[分析] 根据语境可知，画线词that指代第二段“Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。
6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。
[例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D节选)
Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre_is_mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.
例子6…
32．What d the wrds “mre is mre” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．The mre, the better.
B．Enugh is enugh.
C．Mre mney, mre wrries.
D．Earn mre and spend mre.
[分析] 根据该段第一句“Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects.”可知，作者认为成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉，后面又用反问句提出了问题：但是，说到孩子们和他们的物品，我们为什么通常又认定mre is mre呢？由此推知，这里的 mre is mre与前面的 flded with为近义呼应，指“越多越好”。故选A。
7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
根据上下句的连接词，如but, hwever, therwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：
①A child's birthday party desn't have t be a hassle;_it can be a basket f fun.
从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket f fun是相反的意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。
②She is usually prmpt fr all her class, but tday she arrived in the middle f her first class.
but一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来”，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
③The players in the Wrld Cup are prfessinals, while thse wh play in the Olympics must be amateurs.
由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出amateurs是prfessinals(专业人士)的反义词，意思为“业余人士，业余选手”。
例子7…
Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment. By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area. They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund.
…
29．What des the underlined wrd “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated.
C．Frced ut. D．Tracked dwn.
[分析] 画线词的前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意义，后来由于人类的发展，灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失，由此可推断出画线词的意思为“被迫离开”，故选择C项。
三、高考真题
2022年6月新高考1卷C篇
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
2022年6月全国甲卷 C篇
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
【答案】28. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balintn从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
2022年6月全国乙卷C篇
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
【答案】 29. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspectin and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
2022年6月北京卷D篇
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
33. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open. B. Cl. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
【答案 33. A
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
33.【解析】
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prne被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prne意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cl. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
2022年6月浙江卷 C
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice. “Peple frm cultures that value relatinships mre than urs des are shcked by the thught f eating alne in frnt f a cmputer”, says Art Markman, a prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Texas, Austin. Scial interactin has been shwn t lift md(情绪) and get peple thinking in new directins and in ways that culd help imprve any pst-lunch effrt.
9. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. A gd thinker is able t inspire ther peple.
B. Experience unrelated t yur jb is useless.
C. A cheerful md helps make a creative mind.
D. Fcusing n what yu d raises prductivity.
【答案】 9. C
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词g-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。
2022年1月浙江卷 A
Fr nearly a decade nw,Merebeth has been a self-emplyed pet transprt specialist. Her pet transprt jb was brn f the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s．The dwnturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she had wrked fr ten years as an ffice manager.The firm went brke and left her lking fr a new jb.One day,while driving near her hme,she saw a dg wandering n the rad, clearly lst. She tk it hme,and her sister in Denver agreed t take it. This was a lving hme fr sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take lng fr Merebeth t decide t drive the dg there herself. It was her first rad trip t her new jb.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana,Washingtn and Oregn,she says prudly.If she wants t visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transprt needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven thrugh 55 mph winds in Wyming , heavy flding and strms in Alabama and ttal whiteut cnditins in Kansas.
22.The wrd “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire t ?
A.make mney. B.try varius jbs.
C.be clse t nature. D.travel t different places.
【答案】22. D
【解析】：本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了Merebeth 由于公司破产失业后，在机缘巧合下成为宠物运送员，不仅帮助了动物，而且收获了旅行带来的精神自由。
第22题 猜测词义题。根据第一段It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana, Washingtn and Oregn, she says prudly. 意思为：她很骄傲的说,这个工作带她到了全美国除蒙大拿,华盛顿,俄勒冈以外的所有的州。可知，她很喜欢到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This wanderlust is inherited frm her father, she says. He mved their family frm Canada t Califrnia when she was ne year ld, because he wanted them t explre a new place tgether. 遗传自她的父亲也喜欢探索新地方。故答案选D。
2021年6月北京卷 C
Hundreds f scientists, writers and academics sunded a warning t humanity in an pen letter published last December: Plicymakers and the rest f us must engage penly with the risk f glbal cllapse. Researchers in many areas have prjected the widespread cllapse as "a credible scenari（情景）this century".
A survey f scientists fund that extreme weather events, fd insecurity, and freshwater shrtages might create glbal cllapse. Of curse, if yu are a nn-human species, cllapse is well underway.
The call fr public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this mment f still-uncntrlled pandemic and ecnmic crises in the wrld's mst technlgically advanced natins. Nt very lng ag, it was als unthinkable that a virus wuld shut dwn natins and that safety nets wuld be prven s disastrusly lacking in flexibility.
The internatinal schlars' warning letter desn't say exactly what cllapse will lk like r when it might happen. Cllapselgy, the study f cllapse, is mre cncerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers f everyday civilizatin. Amng the signatries（签署者）f the warning was Bb Jhnsn, the riginatr f the "eclgical ftprint" cncept, which measures the ttal amunt f envirnmental input needed t maintain a given lifestyle. With the current ftprint f humanity, "it seems that glbal cllapse is certain t happen in sme frm, pssibly within a decade, certainly within this century, " Jhnsn said in an email.
Only if we discuss the cnsequences f ur biphysical limits, the December warning letter says, can we have the hpe t reduce their "speed, severity and harm". And yet messengers f the cming disturbance are likely t be ignred. We all want t hpe things will turn ut fine. As a pet wrte,
Man is a victim f dpe（麻醉品）
In the incurable frm f hpe.
The hundreds f schlars wh signed the letter are intent（执着）n quieting hpe that ignres preparedness. "Let's lk directly int the issue f cllapse, " they say, "and deal with the terrible pssibilities f what we see there t make the best f a trubling future."
1.What des the underlined wrd "germane" in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.Scientific. B.Credible. C.Original. D.Relevant.
2.As fr the public awareness f glbal cllapse, the authr is .
A.wrried B.puzzled C.surprised D.scared
答案1D 2A 3B
解析：本文介绍了在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。作者同时也表达了对全球崩溃的认识的担忧。
1.词义猜测题。根据原文第三段 "The call fr public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this mment f still-uncntrlled pandemic and ecnmic crises in the wrld's mst technlgically advanced natins."在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。可知第3段中带下划线的单词"germane"可能是 "相关的" 意思。A.scientific科学的；B.credible可信的；C.riginal原件的；D.relevant相关的。故选D。
2观点态度题。根据原文第五段 "And yet messengers f the cming disturbance are likely t be ignred. We all want t hpe things will turn ut fine." 然而，即将到来的动乱的信息很可能被忽视。我们都希望事情会好起来。可知至于公众对全球崩溃的认识，作者是担心的。A.wrried担心的；B.puzzled担心的；C.surprised困惑的；D.scared害怕的。故选A。
2021年6月新高考I卷（C篇）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans have taken care f these precius natural resurses wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl（水禽）were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat（栖息地）.
2.What des the underlined wrd "decimate" mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire. B.Exprt. C.Destry. D.Distribute.
【答案】2.C
【文章大意】本文为说明文，讲述了美国为了保护“水禽”颁布了一项政策，狩猎者需要购买相关水禽类邮票，然后政府把售卖所得款拨给候鸟保护基金组织。
2词义猜测题。根据题干信息first paragraph定位到第一段：Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. 根据Unfrtunately（不幸地是）可知，此处与前文 "taken care f" 形成对比，故此处应表示 "损害、毁坏" 。原文译为：不幸地是，这些探险者和定居者只花了几十年的时间就毁掉了这些资源的很大一部分。故选C。
2021年6月新高考二卷B篇
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
5. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly.B. Lse their way.
C. Sleep sundly.D. Miss their mm.
【答案】5. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
2021年6月全国甲卷（C篇）
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing. I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（橫杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!" And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
2.What d the underlined wrds "Safe! Safe! Safe!" prbably mean?
A.Be careful! B.Well dne! C.N way! D.Dn't wrry.
【答案】 2B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，作者会议小时候在英国南岸这个伦敦滑板手们段圣地以及和他们一块度过的美好时光。
2词义猜测题。根据题干关键词 "Safe! Safe! Safe! " 定位在原文第三段 "And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. 这就是重要的着陆技巧，成为一名优秀的滑冰运动员。" 表示做得好，所以应该是鼓励的话语。故选B项。
2021.6全国乙卷B篇
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes, accrding t a survey（调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
2What des the underlined wrd "cncede" in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
词义猜测题。根据题干信息cncede，定位到第三段Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme… Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it's nt really necessary…。分析可知，虽然55%的人的家中都还有座机，但他们中的三分之一的人认为座机其实并不十分必要。由此我们可以推测，这些人在说it's nt necessary的时候是在承认这件事。故选A。
2021年6月浙江卷B篇
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
3.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "charts" in paragraph 2?
A.recrds B.predicts C.delays D.cnfirms
【答案】3.A
【文章大意】本文作者以自己的孩子为例存在着长时间盯着电子屏幕的问题，从而引出了电影导演 David Bnd怎样激励自己的孩子们养成户外活动、锻炼身体的习惯的做法。
3.猜词题。根据第二段最后一句话句意”结果是 Prject Wild Thing，一部描绘了 Wild Netwrk 诞生的电影，Wild Netwrk 是一组以让孩子们融入大自然为共同目标的组织。“可知，本句主要阐述作者拍摄的纪录片Prject Wild Thing记录下了组织Wild Netwrk的诞生，因此recrd（记录、记载）与所猜词汇最为接近，故选A。
2021年3月天津卷B篇
The pignancy（酸楚）f Jrdan retiring frm his belved basketball t play baseball and what had pushed him t make such a tugh decisin tk me by surprise. As I watched him take ff his basketball unifrm and replace it with a baseball unifrm, I saw him leaving behind the layer that n lnger served him, just as ur lizard had. Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.
Humans d nt shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as ther animals. The beginning f change is upsetting. The prcess is tiring. Damage changes us befre we are ready. I see ur lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jrdan said that n matter hw it ends, it starts with hpe. With ur tender, hpeful skin, that is where we begin.
4.The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understd as .
A.letting g f the past B.lking fr a new jb
C.getting rid f a bad habit D.giving up an pprtunity
【答案】4.A
【解析】文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jrdan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
4.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文 "Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them…Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.（他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后）" 可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是 "放D开过去"。故选：A。
2021年1月浙江卷C篇
Chimps will check t see if they have the attentin f the animal with which they wish t cmmunicate. In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signaling: "Climb n me." The yungster immediately jumps n t its mther's back and they travel ff tgether. "The big message frm this study is that there is anther species（物种）ut there that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that's nt unique t humans, " said Dr Hbaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappinting".
"The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins, " she said. "Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains."
3.What des the underlined wrd "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A.Difference. B.Cnflict.
C.Balance. D.Cnnectin.
【答案】3.A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黑猩猩的语言：使用手势来传递信息，以及相关研究和结论。
3.词义猜测题。 首先找到词汇对应的内容 "S, it seems the gulf remains", 根据这句话中的s可以判断前后句是因果关系，再结合前句的句意可以推断出选项中最接近gulf词义的单词为A选项Difference。故答案为A。
2021 全国乙卷 B篇
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?
These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes, accrding t a survey（调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
2.What des the underlined wrd "cncede" in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
【答案】2A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。当今世界上几乎所有人都有手机，但一半以上澳大利亚家庭仍然拥有座机，本文说明了出现这一现象的原因。
2词义猜测题。根据题干信息cncede，定位到第三段Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme… Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it's nt really necessary…。分析可知，虽然55%的人的家中都还有座机，但他们中的三分之一的人认为座机其实并不十分必要。由此我们可以推测，这些人在说it's nt necessary的时候是在承认这件事。故选A。
2021新高考1卷C篇
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans have taken care f these precius natural resurses wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl（水禽）were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat（栖息地）.
2.What des the underlined wrd "decimate" mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire. B.Exprt. C.Destry. D.Distribute.
【答案】2.C
词义猜测题。根据题干信息first paragraph定位到第一段：Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. 根据Unfrtunately（不幸地是）可知，此处与前文 "taken care f" 形成对比，故此处应表示 "损害、毁坏" 。原文译为：不幸地是，这些探险者和定居者只花了几十年的时间就毁掉了这些资源的很大一部分。故选C。
2020全国卷I卷 B 篇
Returning t a bk yu’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There’s a welcme familiarity — but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. It’s true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all abut the present. It’s abut the nw and what ne cntributes t the nw, because reading is a give and take between authr and reader. Each has t pull their wn weight.
There are three bks I reread annually. The first, which I take t reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的 ), an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble ( 随 笔 ) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtázar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtázar.
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifts, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
26. ( )What des the underlined wrd “currency” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allwance. D. Face value.
【答案】26.B
词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句的内容 "But I imagine that, while mney is… is the highest currency a reader can pay them." 可知，作者认为虽然金钱确实是美好的，也是必要的，但是重读作家的作品是读者能够支付给他们的最高currency。A. debt 借款；B. reward 报酬；C. allwance 津贴；D. face value（邮票、钱币、票等的）票面价值。结合选项可知，B选项的reward符合语境，指 "支付给他们的最高报酬" 。故选：B。
2020北京卷D篇
Certain frms f AI are indeed becming ubiquitus. Fr example, algrithms（算法）carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing n city streets, and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther. These systems are smetimes faster and mre perceptive than we humans are. But s far that is nly true fr the specific tasks fr which the systems have been designed. That is smething that sme AI develpers are nw eager t change.
1.What des the underlined wrd "ubiquitus" in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A.Enrmus in quantity. B.Changeable daily.
C.Stable in quality. D.Present everywhere.
【答案】 1.D 2.A 3.B4.A
【解析】（文章大意）这是一篇说明文。人工智能虽然正在变得无处不在，但是仍然存在着一些局限性。本文主要围绕着AGI，即通用人工智能进行了介绍。
1.词义猜测题。根据划线词后面举的例子"algrithms（算法）carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets, … and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther."可知，算法在金融市场上执行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言，这都是人工智能无处不在的表现，"ubiquitus" 意为 "无处不在的" 。故答案选：D。
2020全国2. C篇
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. "The ecsystem dwn there can't handle this nn-native species（物种）. It's destrying the envirnment. It's them r us, " says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana. He says it's nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it. Hunters bring in mre than 300, 000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn's jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
3.What des the underlined wrd "cllapsed" in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A.Bmed. B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable. D.Crashed.
【答案】3.D
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲述了海狸鼠这种动物对环境造成了破坏，因此环保主义者和时尚爱好者正在试图把海狸鼠的皮毛投入市场中。
3.词义猜测题。根据第五段"but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy."可知，只有在海狸鼠市场倒闭或者崩溃之后，海狸鼠才开始疯狂扩大数量，cllapse为崩溃的意思。故选D。
2020全国3. B篇
Yet "Apes" is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2, 000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants", "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper", have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated prperly.
3.What des the underlined phrase "keeping tabs n" in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.Listing cmpletely. B.Directing prfessinally.
C.Prmting successfully. D.Watching carefully.
【答案3.D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影 "猩球崛起" 上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
3.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子"One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment"（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number f films, … them haven't been treated prperly.（许多电影，包括 "大象的眼泪" , "宿醉Ⅱ" 和 "管理员" , 引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是 "密切关注" 。故选D项。
2020.7浙江卷（B篇）
The traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue, Washingtn, generally dn't flash the same length f green twice in a rw, especially at rush hur. At 9:30 am, the full red/yellw/green signal cycle might be 140 secnds. By 9:33 am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds. Less traffic at 9:37 am culd push it dwn t 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.
1.What des the underlined wrd "that" in paragraph 2 refer t?
A.Increased length f green lights. B.Shrtened traffic signal cycle.
C.Flexible timing f traffic signals. D.Smth traffic flw n the rad.
【答案】1.C
【解析】文章大意：本文主要讲了华盛顿Bellevue信号灯时间调整的原因以及研究过程。
1.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句"Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes"可知that指代的是信号灯时间的灵活变化，故选C。
2020.5天津卷（C篇）
Making the skies electric isn't just gd fr the envirnment, it als makes sund financial sense: a small aircraft uses ＄400 n cnventinal fuel fr a 100-mile flight, while an electric ne csts ＄8—12 fr the same distance, and that's befre yu factr in the higher maintenance csts f a traditinal engine. There's als the added bnus that electric planes are just much mre pleasant t fly in. N lud engine nise, n smell f fuel, just envirnmentally friendly peace and quiet.
While there has been real prgress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyne's feet firmly n the grund. A battery, even a lithium ne, nly prvides 250 watt-hurs per kilgram; cmpare this t liquid fuel, which has a specific energy f 11, 890 watt-hurs per kilgram. Carrying adequate batteries, hwever, wuld make the plane t heavy t get ff the grund. In aircraft, where every bit f weight cunts, this can't just be ignred.
3.The expressin "added bnus" refers t the fact that electric planes .
A.give passengers mre pleasant views B.bring airlines mre financial benefits
C.ffer mre enjyable flying experiences D.cst less in maintenance than traditinal nes
【答案】3.C
【解析】1.本文是一篇说明文。主要谈及了绿色航空的现状并展望了未来。
3.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第二句"electric planes are just much mre pleasant t fly in."和第三句"N lud engine nise, n smell f fuel, just envirnmentally friendly peace and quiet."可知电动飞机驾驶起来会更加愉快。没有响亮的发动机噪音，没有燃油味，只有环境友好的和平与宁静，即令人愉快的飞行经历。故答案为：C。
2020.5天津卷（D篇）
Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant" is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥） int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag. Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.
Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）. Studying histry can give us insight（洞察力） int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance（无知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.
Histry can inspire us t learn mre. What's fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns. It's almst impssible t learn abut ne histrical perid withut having dzens f questins abut related cncepts. Study the 19th century England, and yu might catch a glimpse f Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Lk up Charles Dickens, and yu might learn a thing r tw abut realism. Or maybe yu end up switching yur attentin away frm nvels, and discver the histry f rmantic pets in England. It can g anywhere, and there is smething in there fr abslutely anybdy.
The value f histry cannt be underestimated. We dn't have t live in the past, but we can definitely d better by learning frm it and using the lessns learnt t lead mre meaningful lives.
1.The underlined part "where we are tday" in Para. 2 prbably means .
A.the turning pint in ur histry B.the present state f ur natin
C.the lcatin f ur hmeland D.the ttal area f ur cuntry
【答案】 1.B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了历史是人类文明的重要组成部分，从5个方面说明了学习历史的重要性。
1.词义猜测题。本句句意：了解我们祖国的历史可以让我们更深入、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，以及我们是如何走到今天这一步的。可知此处是指我们国家的现状之意。故答案为：B。
2020全国卷II C 篇
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin (时装) enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria (海狸鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur — unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species (物种). It’s destrying the envirnment. It’s them r us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
30. ( )What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Bmed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.
【答案】30.D
词义猜测题。根据第五段"but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy."可知，只有在海狸鼠市场倒闭或者崩溃之后，海狸鼠才开始疯狂扩大数量，cllapse为崩溃的意思。故选D。
2020全国卷III B 篇
When “Rise f the Planet f the Apes” was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks fr nt using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet “Apes” is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including “Water fr Elephants,” “The Hangver Part II” and “Zkeeper,” have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
26. ( )What des the underlined phrase “keeping tabs n” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Listing cmpletely.B. Directing prfessinally.
C. Prmting successfully.D. Watching carefully.
【答案】26.D
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子"One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment"（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number f films, … them haven't been treated prperly.（许多电影，包括 "大象的眼泪" , "宿醉Ⅱ" 和 "管理员" , 引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是 "密切关注" 。故选D项。
2020江苏卷 C 篇
Fr thse wh can stmach it, wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first, accrding t a study f meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have lng knwn that meal timing affects perfrmance. Hwever, far less has been knwn abut hw meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
T find ut, British scientists cnducted a study. They first fund 10 verweight and inactive but therwise healthy yung men, whse lifestyles are, fr better and wrse, representative f thse f mst f us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metablic (新陈代谢的) rates and tk samples (样品) f their bld and fat tissue.
Then, n tw separate mrning visits t the scientists’ lab, each man walked fr an hur at an average speed that, in thery, shuld allw his bdy t rely mainly n fat fr fuel. Befre ne f these wrkuts, the man skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised n a cmpletely empty stmach after a lng vernight fast (禁食). On the ther ccasin, they ate a rich mrning meal abut tw hurs befre they started walking.
61. ( ) The underlined expressin “stmach it” in Paragraph 1 mst prbably means “ ”.
A. digest the meal easilyB. manage withut breakfast
C. decide wisely what t eatD. eat whatever is ffered
【答案】61.B
词句猜测题。根据下文wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼更健康，可知，这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推测画线词部分与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。
2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷） C 篇
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral (葬礼) fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
9. ( )What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Develping a serius mental disease. B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
【答案】9.D
代词指代题。根据第一段最后一句A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.（几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章）可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事。故选D。
2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）D篇
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins (份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
2.What des the underlined wrd "beanples" in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persns.
C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persns.
【答案】2.D
【解析】
2.词义猜测题。根据前半句And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins可知，现有的研究认为，你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanples with big appetites。由cntrary t可推断出，画线词和heavier peple（超重的人）相反，结合选项可知，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier peple相反。故选D。
2020海南（B篇）
My imaginary Grandma's Bx wrked like magic that spring, and later. Smetimes students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it. Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away-since I seldm actually kept them. Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day, and I wuld return the belnging.
2.What d the underlined wrds "the ffender" in paragraph 8 refer t?
A.The student's parent. B.The maker f the Grandma's Bx.
C.The authr's grandchild. wner f the frbidden fruit.
【答案】2D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个 "奶奶的盒子" 的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将 "奶奶的盒子" 变成了现实。
词义猜测题。根据划线词后文 "I wuld return the belnging." 结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为 "禁果" ，且作者的 "盒子" 里装的就是 "禁果" ，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的时候出现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为 "禁果的拥有者" 。故选：D。
四、模拟演练
（1）
An advertisement is just like a Smebdy Else says qutatin(引语) in a news stry. The newspaper des nt say that what the advertiser says is true. All the newspaper says is, “This is what the advertiser says.” T find ut whether it is true r nt will be left t the reader. All the statements in the ads are the advertiser’s statements, nt the paper’s.
Q: What des “Smebdy Else” in the paragraph refer t?
A. The editr f the paper. B. The reader f the paper.
C. The authr f the passage. D. The advertiser f the ads.
（2）
Emma had never read it, nr had she ever purchased a cpy. But, when she pened it up, she was flred t see her wn name and address inside the cver, in her wn handwriting. It turned ut that the summer befre, at a cncert back in Mntreal, Emma had met a Califrnian wh was in twn visiting friends. They decided t exchange addresses, but neither f them had any paper. The man had pened up a bk he was carrying in his backpack and asked Emma t write her name and address inside. When he returned t Califrnia, he left the bk behind in Mntreal, and his friend Alex kept it. When Alex later relcated t Jerusalem, he tk the nw-treasured bk alng.
Q: What des the underlined wrd “flred” in the paragraph mean?
A. interested B. shcked C. frightened D. excited
（3）
Oxygen is vital t life; it is needed by the bdy cells f all animals. It is als very useful in industry. The methd Priestley used prduces nly small quantities. The large amunts needed fr industry are prduced in a different way. Air is put int cntainers under great pressure. This turns it int liquid and makes it very cld. It is then gradually warmed up and each substance evaprates at a different temperature. The biling pint f xygen is -183°C. It is caught and stred in strng steel cylinders at a pressure f 136 atmspheres. The prcess is knwn as fractinal distillatin.
Q: Which wrd has the rugh meaning f “vital”?
A. imprtant B. useful C. helpful D. interesting
（4）
These different kinds f learning disabilities are knwn by different names. Fr example, a persn wh has difficulty reading may have dyslexia. Smene wh cannt d mathematics may have a disrder called dyscalculia(计算困难).
Q: The underlined wrd “dyslexia” in the paragraph prbably means _______.
A. difficulty in seeing B. prblem in reading
C. truble in listening D. brain disrder
（5）
A child’s birthday party desn’t have t be a hassle; it can be a basket f fun, accrding t Beth Anacleri, an Evastn mther f tw, ages 4 and 18 mnths.
Q: What des the underlined wrd “hassle” prbably mean in the paragraph?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thught
C. a situatin causing difficulty r truble
D. a demand made by guests
（6）
And if yu’ve gathered yur friends arund yu t rebuild a happy family atmsphere(气氛), yu may fear that saying n will bring back the kind f cnflict yu grew up with— r destry the nice atmsphere yu nw enjy.
Q: The underlined wrd “cnflict” in the paragraph means .
A. dependent lifeB. fierce fightC. bad mannersD. painful feeling
（7）
“She is ashamed and embarrassed but desn’t really have any explanatin why she did this,” Miss Duff said. “She didn’t intend t steal when she went int the stre. She is at a lss t explain it. She is therwise a very respectable and intelligent yung lady .She went t her dctr and asked fr advice because she wants t knw if there is anything in particular that caused her t d this.”
Q: What des the underlined sentence “She is at a lss t explain it” mean?
A. In her pinin it was a lss t the clthes shps where she stle things.
B. She desn’t have any idea why she has the desire t steal frm shps.
C. She thinks it is a lss fr her t explain why she stle things frm shps.
D. Persnally she feels ashamed and embarrassed fr her shplifting actins.
（8）
One f the best-knwn sayings must be “Early t bed and early t rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wisdm”. The prmises f health, wealth, and wisdm t thse wh jin the teams f early retirees and rises must be particularly pleasing t many peple in ur mdern sciety.
Q: The underlined wrd “ retiree” here refers t_________.
A. peple wh give up their wrk B. peple wh have a lt f free time
C. peple wh g t bed D. peple wh live in a quiet place
（9）
The reasns fr a visit t lighthuse are nt all s backward-lking(思想过时的) in time. It is true that lighthuses were built in ut-f-the-way places. But n a pleasant sunny summer day, this very islatin has a natural beauty that many peple will lve t experience.
Q: The underlined phrase “ut-f-the-way” prbably means __________.
A. far-away B. dangerus C. ancient D. secret
（10）
Our wn native language and culture are s much a part f us that we take them fr granted. When we travel t anther cuntry, it’s as if we carry alng with ur passprts. We view the new envirnment using ur wn culture as the standard, and althugh nt purpsely, ur ways f thinking and acting ften get in the way f ur understanding ther languages and cultures. The ability and willingness t change lenses(视角) when we lk at a different culture is bth the cure and preventin fr such cultural blindness. Studying a new language prvides us the pprtunities t practise changing lenses when we als learn the cntext r the culture t which it belngs.
Q: The underlined wrd “it” in the last sentence refers t __________.
the cntext B. the culture C. the language D. the pprtunity
答案与解析：
（1）D。根据下文中All the newspaper says is, “This is what the advertiser says.”可推知，文章中的Smebdy Else指的是做广告的人。
（2）B。从上文可知，在一个从未到过的地方，在一本从未读过的书的封面，看到自己亲笔写的姓名和地址，当然感到“震惊”。此处“But”是关键提示。
（3）A。根据下句“氧是所有动物细胞所必不可少的元素”的内容，判断出氧非常“重要”。
（4）B。由下句“Smene wh cannt d mathematics may have a disrder called dyscalculia(计算困难).”不能做数学题的人可能患有一种被称为计算困难的疾病可以推断dyslexia的意思为“阅读困难”。
（5）C。通过上下句A child’s birthday party desn’t have t be a hassle; it can be a basket f fun.可以看出，hassle和a basket f fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断，答案为C。
（6）B。由破折号后的r可知，前后两句的意思相近，她不想失去或破坏这个友好氛围，否则就又让她回到以前的“冲突”中。答案为B。
（7）B。从上文中她进入商店时并没打算偷窃，以及下文谈到她去看医生可以推知她不知道自己为什么会有偷窃的欲望可知答案为B。
（8）C。根据谚语“Early t bed and early t rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wisdm”以及retirees和risers的对比关系不难猜出retiree是“睡觉的人”。
（9）A。由合成词ut-f-the-way的字面意思和下句中的islatin一词可知，灯塔通常“孤零零”地呆在一个地方，因此答案为A。
（10）C。本段主要讲述语言和文化的关系。结合最后一句话可知，学习一门新的语言给我们提供一个崭新的视觉，从而使得我们更好地把握语言依附的文化环境。由此知道这里的it指代语言。