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新高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化100题（6）（含解析）
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这是一份新高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化100题（6）（含解析），共15页。
Alexandra Sullivan, a fd system researcher in New Yrk City, studies urban agriculture. Urban agriculture is anther name fr farming and gardening in a city envirnment. Ms. Sullivan studies everything frm tiny gardens in empty lts between buildings t bigger fields that have been planted and grwn. Accrding t Ms. Sullivan, "Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, acrss the wrld."
The number f humans living in urban areas r cities, is increasing. The amunt f peple wh want t garden in urban areas is als rising. Ms. Sullivan says, "In small gardens, n rftps and indrs, they grw fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbs, and raise animals t prduce milk, eggs, hney, and meat. They use these fds as supplements t fd prduced by rural agriculture." Even thugh sme peple wh live in urban areas grw crps, urban residents still need t rely n fd grwn in rural areas. This is because a city desn't have enugh space t grw enugh fd fr everyne living in it.
In New Yrk City, urban farmers have cme up with many different ways t grw their wn prduce, even thugh there isn't a lt f rm. Fr example, Brklyn Grange is a farming peratin that has tw rftp vegetable farms in New Yrk City. All tgether, the farms are made up f 2.5 acres f rftp space. This makes Brklyn Grange ne f the largest rftp farming peratins in the wrld.
Brklyn Grange grws all kinds f things. The farming cmpany sells its vegetables t lcal residents and restaurants. And because the farms are n rftps, they are specially adapted t their urban lcatin. They use available space that is nt needed fr anything else. As mre urban farmers find ways t grw fd in cities, urban residents will be better able t get fresher materials fr their meals.
1.Which f the fllwing is Ms. Sullivan's pinin accrding t the text?
A.Urban agriculture can prvide huge incme.
B.Urban agriculture has a histry as lng as cities.
C.The number f peple living in cities is increasing slwly.
D.Urban residents still rely n fd grwn in rural areas cmpletely.
2.What des the underlined wrd "they" in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A.Farmers.B.City residents.
C.Rural residents.D.Cmpanies.
3.What can we learn abut Brklyn Grange in New Yrk City frm the text?
A.It has large farming areas.B.It can nly grw a single prduct.
C.It prduces enugh fd fr citizens.D.It makes use f rftp space t grw vegetables.
4.What may be the best title fr the text?
A.Farms in CitiesB.Future Fd System
C.Fd Grwn in CitiesD.Agriculture f New Yrk City
2. A new clr changing ink culd aid in health and envirnment mnitring—fr example, allwing clthing t switch clrs when expsed t sweat r a wlen blanket t shift clrs if a dangerus gas enters the rm. The ink culd be printed n anything frm a T-shirt t a tent.
Wearable sensing devices like smart watches use electrnics just t mnitr the heart rate, bld sugar and mre. Nw, researchers at Tufts University's Silklab say the new silk-based ink can respnd t and quantify the presence f chemicals n r arund the bdy. "Silk has the ability t add necessary sensing and clr changing chemical substances t the ink withut lsing their functins," says Firenz Omenett, a bimedical engineer at Silklab.
The researchers imprved n an earlier repetitin that wrked with inkjet printers, thickening the ink with a chemical t make it capable fr screen printing, and then added varius reactive substances. With the new ink, they can nw easily print a large number f reactive elements nt large surfaces.
The team made the ink by breaking dwn raw silk fibers int prteins which the researchers suspended in water. Next, they mixed in varius reactive mlecules(分子) and analyzed hw the resulting prducts changed hues when expsed t changes in their envirnment. When the ink is printed n fabric, pH indicatrs culd cnvey infrmatin abut skin health and a wearer's tiredness levels. The changes are visible t eyes, but the researchers als used a camera-imaging analysis t cntinuusly mnitr the clr variatins and create a database f values.
Omenett says that the ink culd be adapted t track envirnmental changes in a rm, r t respnd t bacteria and fllw disease prgressin.
Mechanical engineer Tyler Ray f the University f Hawaii ntes that mst f tday's wearable mnitrs are rigid, fairly large and heavy. "The new ink technlgy has the ptential t transfrm cnsumer wearable mnitrs frm entertainment devices int bdy wrn, clinical grade physilgical measurement tls, prviding useful infrmatin and making it easier fr physicians t perate," he says.
1.What can the new ink be used fr?
A.Making pictures.B.Printing dcuments.
C.Breaking dwn fibers and prteins.D.Detecting health and envirnment changes.
2.What des Firenz Omenett mentin in Paragraph 2?
A.The chemical substances in silk.B.The practical functins f smart watches.
C.The rle f silk in the new ink technlgy.D.The influence f the new ink n the human bdy.
3.What des the underlined wrd "hues" in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A.Levels.B.Clrs.C.Wearers.D.Analyses.
4.Hw des Tyler Ray expect f the wearable mnitrs using the new ink?
A.Practical.B.Sft.
C.Large and heavy.D.Small but incnvenient.
3. I've been spending time this week smelling the rses. I bend ver in my neighbrs' frnt yard, checking that nbdy is watching, then bury my head in the flwers.
I've als been walking int bakeries and walking arund withut buying anything.
After having surgery n my brken nse 18 mnths ag, I haven't been able t smell r taste things. This week, hwever, my nse is back in business.
I've been fascinated by smells, and it's given me a new way f thinking. Smell is just ne f the little bits and pieces that make life enjyable, which we ften ignre. I remember nce, when my sn was 5 mnths ld, I was carrying him dwn the street. Wind swept thrugh and almst tipped us ver. He threw his little head back and giggled. He'd never felt the wind n his face. When is the last time I laughed at the weather?
The first time I ate bacn, I rushed hme t my parents, determined that we ate this deliciusness at every meal. My father smiled and agreed.
D yu recall when yu learned that the vice actrs f Mickey and Minnie Muse were married in real life? D yu enjy sleeping in new, clean bed sheets?
We dn't write pstcards abut the small things. We dn't frame them in phtgraphs.
They aren't that great r grand, but withut them, life is altgether t lud. These quiet experiences give us a chance t enjy the simple fact f being alive.
As my sense f smell returns t me, it's like I'm smelling things fr the first time. They're full f memries and magic. Fd tastes better, and the air is indeed sweet. I knw what the pets mean nw. It almst makes my brken nse wrthwhile. Nw, I am waiting fr this bandage t cme ff. There's an itch I can't reach!
1.What des the writer try t d in the first tw paragraphs?
A.Discuss new ways t enjy leisure time.B.Shw that she lves ding secret things.
C.Give examples f hw she kills time.D.Get readers t wnder abut her behavir.
2.What des the underlined part "a new way f thinking" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.The ability t discver the jy f small things.B.The habit f vercming ignrance.
C.The ability t fully use ur limited attentin.D.The habit f making persnal reflectins.
3.What did the authr take fr granted befre?
A.Memries and magic.B.Valuing being alive.
C.Her sense f smell.D.Laughing at the weather.
4.Which wrd can be used t describe the writer's feeling while writing the passage?
A.Depressed.B.Pleased.C.Disturbed.D.Annyed.
4. NASA aims t send a man and a wman t the mn by 2024. This is the gal f its Artemis prgram. But fr Artemis t succeed, the U.S. space agency first needs t slve a big prblem: the damaging threat f mn dust.
Over billins f years, celestial bdies, such as asterids and meters, have slammed int the mn. These hits have crushed sme lunar rcks int dust. The surf radiatin gives the dust an electric charge that makes it stick t everything. Thse pwdery bits are like "brken pieces f glass", ntes Mihaly Hranyi, a physicist at the University f Clrad Bulder. The dust is s rugh, in fact, that it can damage equipment. If taken in, it might even harm an astrnaut's health. Hranyi is part f a team that has nw figured ut hw t vercme ne trubling aspect f the dust: its static cling, using a lw-pwered electrn beam(电子束). When shined nt the dust, that beam sends the dust flying.
During the 1970s, the astrnauts in NASA's Apll missins relied n a very lw-tech system t clean lunar dust ff their spacesuits. They swept it away with what lked like the brushes used t paint a huse. But the electrically charged nature f space dust tended t fail such hand sweepers.
The new electrn-beam brm takes advantage f the dust's electrical characteristic. As the beam hits the dust, it releases electrns int the tiny spaces between particles. Sme f these negatively charged electrns will be absrbed by the surrunding dust.
One prblem with the electrn beam, at least fr nw, is that it leaves up t ne-furth f the dust behind. The Bulder grup aims t strengthen that cleaning pwer. Hranyi says the electrn beam is just ne f several ways future space explrers culd keep surfaces clean. Others might include changes t a spacesuit's design.
1.Why shuld the mn dust prblem be slved?
A.It might cause serius crashes.B.It can give ff harmful radiatin.
C.It can stick t the surface f the spaceship.D.It might affect astrnauts' health and equipment.
2.What is the main idea f Paragraph 4?
A.The discvery f the electrn beam.B.The way the electrn beam wrks.
C.The ccurrence f the electrn beam.D.The develpment f the electrn beam.
3.What can we learn abut the new electrn-beam brm?
A.It is a lw-tech dust cleaning system.B.It leaves three-furths f the dust uncleaned.
C.It needs imprvement in the cleaning pwer.D.It is prved less efficient than ther methds.
4.What will the authr mst prbably talk abut next?
A.Astrnauts' health.B.New spacesuit's design.
C.Spaceship surface features.D.Future space explratin.
5. Friday was "Chatty Bus day", an experiment aimed at getting peple t talk t each ther n public transprt. This is nt an idea that wuld appeal t thse wh cmmute in the rush hur, because there is a smaller distance within which it's just as uncmfrtable t talk. It is n cincidence that the first truly persnal music player, the Sny Walkman, was invented in Japan where the cmmuter trains are literally crwded with peple.
We will als nt talk t strangers wh are physically t far away, f curse. N ne wants t shut their small talk. Only n cuntry buses r similar unhurried and uncrwded frms f public transprt can peple reach ut t their neighbrs, cnfident that they are ding s frm a psitin f strength and autnmy.
Fr all these drawbacks, the idea f talking t strangers is still a gd ne, and the prmtin f sciability is gd fr sciety. Althugh it des seem t be a general rule that peple are friendlier the fewer there are f them and mre hstile and indifferent as cities get mre crwded, there are still cnsiderable cultural variatins.
It is true that the apparent lneliness f many peple n public transprt is a false impressin. Many will be caught up with cnversatins with distant friends n their phnes; sme will be talking t the peple in bks. Sme may be in willed slitude with their headphnes. But there are always peple wh wuld be interested in an unexpected cnversatin with a stranger. This need nt g n fr t lng.
It is nt large and pssibly life-changing cnversatins that are what mst peple in lneliness miss mst. What they really need is nt deep thught but superficiality. The kind f cnversatin that yu culd have with anyne reminds yu that yu yurself might be anyne. It is a release frm the prisn f the self, which is where lnely peple serve their sentences, uncertain whether they ever can be parled. Friendship may be t rare a gift t hpe fr, but smetimes the kindest thing t say is als the simplest: "Dn't be a stranger"—and smetimes that's als enugh.
1.Accrding t Paragraph 1, what is the reasn fr the first Walkman's appearance in Japan?
A.Its crprate culture.B.Its peple's creativity.
C.Its vercrwded public transprt.D.Its peple's desire fr persnal space.
2.Which f the fllwing belngs t "these drawbacks" underlined in Paragraph 3?
A."Chatty Bus day" has nt been intrduced t ther areas.
B.Walkman prevents passengers frm talking t each ther.
C.Passengers are unwilling t make small talk with strangers.
D.Imprper physical distance discurages casual cmmunicatin.
3.What is the authr mst likely t agree with?
A.Small talk with strangers will help ease lneliness n the rad.
B.Lnely peple are in desperate need f deep cnversatin.
C.Peple in less ppulated cities tend t be cld and distant.
D.It's inadvisable t talk t strangers wh are physically t clse.
4.What is the authr's main purpse in writing the text?
A.T cast new light n human lneliness.
B.T intrduce an experiment and its effects.
C.T advcate striking up cnversatins with strangers.
D.T explre the relatinship between physical distance and willingness t reach ut.
6. On a bright early summer mrning, many yung swimmers gather at a lcal swimming pl in the state f Maryland. They are members f a cmpetitive summer swim team, and that's a regular part f their daily life. As they train and cut secnds ff their times, which makes them clser t the champinship in the fllwing large-scale cmpetitins, they are getting lts f physical exercise and vitamin D frm the sun. Hwever, the benefits f belnging t a sprts team are nt just hnr r health related. Yu can learn useful life skills.
Paul Waas, cach f the swim team, explains, "The discipline cmes int play when yu're talking abut cncentrating n the details that yur caches are saying as it makes yu faster rather than ging up and dwn the pl the same way yu have every time. When yu fcus n what yu're ding right and what yu can d better, then yu'll see the imprvement."
Besides, there is als respnsibility, gals and wrkings within a grup. Again, here is Cach Waas. "It's really great! It's s fun t watch frm year t year. I've had kids wh as 7-year-lds n the team culd barely pay attentin in practice and were nly interested in wh was ging first. Nw they've cme back as 8-year-lds, having set sme gals and having things that they want t achieve. These skills can help them a lt."
But playing the sprts is nt withut harm. Sme can be hard n the bdy. Yung athletes suffer serius injuries that fllw them int adulthd. Cach Waas says that in fact, swimming is different frm mst thers. First, it pses a lwer risk f injury. The secnd ne relates t hw swim teams are structured. Actually, children are nt the nly nes wh can benefit. Adults can als benefit frm team sprts.
1.Why d the swimmers gather at a swimming pl in the early mrning?
A.T btain vitamin D frm the sun.B.T build practical skills fr the future.
C.T jin in a large-scale cmpetitin.D.T carry ut their rutine practice.
2.What d Paul Waas' wrds imply in Paragraph 2?
A.Swimmers shuld cncentrate n details.
B.Members get disciplined and fcused in the team.
C.Caches play a key rle in players' imprvement.
D.Mst swimmers enjy swimming in the same way.
3.What happens t the kids after a year's training?
A.They are mre aware f what t d.B.They pay less attentin t training.
C.They devte mre time t practice.D.They care mre abut wh ges first.
4.What des the authr want t cnvey in the text?
A.Exercise benefits everyne.B.Swimming is better than ther sprts.
C.Team sprts teach life lessns.D.Physical exercise shuld be a habit.
7. I knw what curage lks like. I saw it n a flight I tk six years ag, and nly nw can I speak f it withut tears filling eyes at the memry.
Our flight left the Orland Airprt ne Friday mrning. But immediately upn take-ff, it was clear that smething was wrng. The aircraft was bumping up and dwn. All the experienced travelers, including me, lked arund with knwing smiles. If yu fly much, yu see these things and learn t act calmly abut them. Hwever, we did nt remain calm fr lng.
Minutes after we were in the air, ur plane began falling quickly. The pilt sn made a serius annuncement. "We are having sme difficulties," he said. "Our indicatrs shw that the cntrl system has failed. We will be returning t the Orland Airprt. The flight attendants will prepare yu fr a bumpy landing. Als, if yu lk ut f the windws, yu will see that we are dumping fuel frm the airplane. We want t have as little n bard as pssible in the event f a rugh tuchdwn." In ther wrds, we were abut t crash. Many travelers lked visibly frightened nw. N ne faces death withut fear, I thught.
Then a cuple f rws t my left, I heard a still calm vice, a wman's vice, speaking in an abslutely nrmal cnversatinal tne. I had t find the surce f this vice. All arund, peple cried. Many screamed. Finally, I saw her. In this chas, a mther was talking t her child. The wman, in her mid-30s, was staring full int the face f her daughter, wh lked t be fur years ld. The child listened clsely, sensing the imprtance f her mther's wrds. The mther's gaze held the child s fixed that she seemed untuched by the sunds f grief and fear arund her.
Finally, I leaned ver and by sme miracle culd hear this sft sure vice with the tne f cmfrt. Over and ver again, the mther said, "I lve yu s much. Remember, n matter what happens, I lve yu always." Frtunately, ur landing gear held at last and ur tuchdwn was nt a tragedy.
Hwever, the vice I heard that day never faded. That mm shwed me what a real her lks like.
1.What des the authr imply by saying sme travelers' "knwing smiles" in Paragraph 2?
A.They were used t this kind f experience.B.They were quite familiar with each ther.
C.They were well-educated passengers.D.They were pretending t be calm.
2.What happened shrtly after take-ff?
A.The plane met bad weather and had t return immediately.
B.The flight indicatrs shwed the plane's cntrl system failed.
C.One f the passengers was badly ill and the plane had t turn back.
D.A flight attendant explained flight safety instructins t the passengers.
3.Hearing the pilt's annuncement, hw did mst travelers respnd?
A.They asked fr help.B.They remained calm.
C.They cried and screamed.D.They rejected the bumpy landing.
4.What is the best title fr the passage?
A.The Shape f LveB.The Vice f Curage
C.The Wisdm f a PiltD.The Danger f a Jurney
8. When talking abut the ecnmics f nline publishing, the first thing t remember is that jb N.1 isn't t get the news t yu. Rather, it is t mnetize yu, by selling yu ff, in real time, t the highest bidder. This happens every time yu click n a link, befre the page has even started t lad n yur phne. Once upn a time, if yu and I bth visited the same web page at the same time using the same web brwser, we wuld end up seeing the same thing. Tday, hwever, an almst unthinkably enrmus ecsystem f scripts and ckies and ften astnishingly persnal infrmatin is used t shw yu a set f brand messages and sales links which are tailred almst uniquely t yu.
That ecsystem raises imprtant questins abut privacy—the way that the minute yu lk at a pair f shes nline, fr instance, they then start fllwing yu arund every ther website yu visit fr weeks. But whether r nt yu value yur privacy, yu are damaged, daily, by the sheer weight f all that technlgy.
Online ads have never gt less annying ver time, and yu can be sure that mbile ads are ging t get mre annying as well, nce Silicn Valley has wrked ut hw t better identify wh yu are. The mve t greater privacy prtectins might help slw the pace with which such technlgies are adpted. But there's n realistic hpe that websites will actually imprve frm here. If yu want t avid the dreadful experience f the mbile web, yu'll nly have ne chice—which is t start reading yur articles negatively, in a certain relevant applicatins. But it wn't be these apps that killed the news brands. It'll be ad tech.
1.What will happen if tw peple click n the same link tday?
A.They will immediately get the news that they want.
B.They will see the same thing whenever they brwse.
C.They will see different brand messages and sales links.
D.They will be recmmended t the same bidder.
2.Why can the nline ads send yu the links unique t yu?
A.The ecsystem knws wh yu are.B.They knw hw t identify wh yu are.
C.Yu dn't care abut yur privacy.D.Yu always use the same web brwser.
3.Hw culd we prtect ur privacy against mbile ads?
A.By slwing the pace with such technlgies.B.By imprving the website functins.
C.By stpping using the mbile phnes.D.By reading articles in specific apps.
4.What's the authr's attitude t the ad tech?
A.Negative.B.Psitive.C.Uncncerned.D.Optimistic.
9. Hw ften d yu have a cnversatin with smene, and think yu are paying attentin t him r her, nly t realize shrtly afterwards that yu can't remember what he said? Or, perhaps yu get distracted while he is speaking and miss the message that he is trying t deliver. In tday's busy wrld, mdern life is full f distractins: TVs, radis, traffic nises, telephnes, laptps and s n, which can make it difficult t listen with ur full attentin.
But hw can we listen mre effectively? Jn Kabat-Zinn, prfessr at the University f Massachusetts Medical Schl, put frward the idea f mindful listening. He said mindfulness means paying attentin in a particular way, with a purpse, at the present mment and nn-judgmentally.
When we listen mindfully, we can be aware f sme barriers but still remain pen t the speaker's ideas and messages. Mindfulness encurages us t be aware f the present mment, let g f distractins and ignre physical and emtinal reactins t what peple say t us.
But hw can we apply mindful listening t ur life? Jn Kabat-Zinn describes three key elements f mindful listening that we can use t imprve ur listening skills.
First f all, be present. When we listen mindfully, ur fcus shuld be n the persn we are listening t withut distractins. Then develp empathy. We ften see the wrld thrugh ur wn experiences. When we're empathetic, we can understand a situatin frm smene else's pint f view. At last, listen t ur wn "cues". Our cues are the thughts, feelings and physical reactins that we have when we feel anxius r angry, and they can blck ut ideas and perspectives that we're uncmfrtable with. Mindful listening can help us t be mre aware f ur cues, and allw us t chse nt t let them blck cmmunicatin.
The rule is straightfrward: simply "Listen"! Listen carefully and attentively. Pay full attentin t the ther persn, and dn't let ther thughts, like what we are ging t say next, distract us.
1.What's the functin f the first paragraph?
A.T intrduce the tpic.B.T make a cnclusin.
C.T criticize the distractins.D.T describe daily situatins.
2.What is ne f the advantages f mindful listening?
A.Making a judgment crrectly.B.Sharing messages with the speaker.
C.Stpping peple's running thughts.D.Making sure f feeling understd.
3.What des the underlined wrd "empathy" in Paragraph 5 refer t?
A.The feeling f trusting thers.B.The ability t understand thers.
C.The attitude f caring abut thers.D.The behavir f listening t thers.
4.What can be the best title fr the passage?
A.Applicatins f Mindful ListeningB.Key Elements f Mindful Listening
C.A Research n Mindful ListeningD.An Intrductin f Mindful Listening
10. Anyne wh cmmutes(通勤) by car knws that traffic jams are an unavidable part f life. But humans are nt alne in facing ptential backups.
Ants als cmmute—between their nest and surces f fd. The survival f their clnies depends n ding this efficiently.
When humans cmmute, there's a pint at which cars becme dense(稠密的) enugh t slw dwn the flw f traffic, causing jams. Mtsch, a mathematician in Arizna State University, and his clleagues wanted t knw if ants n the mve culd als get stuck. S they regulated traffic density by cnstructing bridges f varius widths between a clny f Argentine ants and a surce f fd. Then they waited and watched. "The gal was t try t find ut at what pint they are ging t have a traffic jam," said Sebastien Mtsch.
But it appears that that never happened. They always managed t avid a traffic jam. The flw f ants did increase at the beginning as ants started t fill the bridge and then leveled ff at high densities. But it never slwed dwn r stpped, even when the bridge was nearly filled with ants.
The researchers then tk a clser lk at hw the behavir f individual ants impacted traffic as a whle. And they fund that when ants sense vercrwding, they adjust their speeds and avid entering high-density areas, which prevents jams. Thse behavir may be prmted by phermnes, chemicals that tell ther ants where a trail is. The ants als manage t avid clliding(碰撞) with each ther at high densities, which culd really slw them dwn. The study is in the jurnal eLife.
Can ants help us slve ur wn traffic prblems? Nt likely, says Mtsch. That's because when it cmes t getting frm pint A t pint B as fast as pssible, human drivers put their wn gals first. Individual ants have t be mre cperative in rder t feed the clny. But the research culd be useful in imprving traffic flw fr self-driving cars, which can be designed t be less like selfish humans—and mre like ants.
1.What des the underlined wrd "this" in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A.Surviving.B.Cmmuting.C.Finding fd.D.Aviding jams.
2.Hw did the researchers cntrl the traffic density f the cmmuting ants?
A.By finding ut the dense pints.B.Thrugh clser bservatin.
C.By cntrlling the widths f their path.D.By regulating their numbers.
3.Accrding t the research, why can ants avid traffic jams?
A.They fllw a special rute.
B.They level ff at high densities.
C.They never stp r slw dwn n the way.
D.They depend n their natural chemicals t adjust their speeds.
4.What is the best title f the passage?
A.Traffic JamsB.Unavidable? Nt fr Ants!
C.Survival f an Ant ClnyD.Difference Between Humans and Ants
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 BBDA
解析：1.细节理解题。由题干中的Ms. Sullivan可定位至第二段最后一句Accrding t Ms. Sullivan, "Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, acrss the wrld.", 由此可知, 沙利文女士认为都市农业拥有与城市一样长的历史, 故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前两句The number f humans living in amunt f peple wh want t garden in urban areas is als rising.可知, 城市居民的数量在增长, 想要在城市里从事种植活动的人的数量也在增长, 由此可推知, 在小花园里、屋顶上和室内种植瓜果和饲养动物的人指的是"城市居民", 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段第二句Fr example, Brklyn Grange is a farming peratin that has tw rftp vegetable farms in New Yrk City.可知, 布鲁克林农庄在纽约利用屋顶上的空间种植蔬菜, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文主要讲述了城市居民充分利用各种有限的空间种植蔬菜、水果、谷物和药草, 并饲养动物的事情, 说明都市农场在世界各大城市日益流行, 故选A项。
2.答案：1-4 DCBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的A new clr changing ink culd aid in health and envirnment mnitring可知, 这种新型墨水能用来帮助进行健康和环境监测, 故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段菲奥伦佐•欧曼尼托的话Silk has the ability t add necessary sensing and clr changing chemical substances t the ink withut lsing their functins可知, 菲奥伦佐•欧曼尼托在第二段中提到丝绸在油墨新工艺中的作用, 故选C项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词下文的The changes are visible t clr variatins and create a database f values.可知, 研究人员使用相机成像分析来持续监控颜色变化, 结合画线词所在句可推知, 研究人员分析了生成的产物在暴露于环境的变化中时如何改变颜色, hue意为"颜色; 色调", 故选B项。
4.推理判断题。由题干中的Tyler Ray定位至最后一段, 由该段中The new ink technlgy has the ptential t transfrm cnsumer wearable making it easier fr physicians t perate, 可知, 新墨水技术有可能将可穿戴式显示器从娱乐设备转变为身体可穿戴式、临床级生理测量工具, 以提供有用的信息, 且更易于医生操作, 由此可推知, 泰勒•雷认为, 使用墨水技术的可穿戴显示器还是很实用的, 故选A项。
3.答案：1-4 DACB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据前两段内容可知, 作者在邻居家前院弯下腰, 看看有没有人在看她, 然后把头埋在花里; 她曾走进面包店, 却只是四处走动, 什么也没买。由此可推知, 作者描述自己怪异的行为是为了让读者好奇她的行为, 从而引出话题, 故选D项。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文Smell is just ne f the little bits and pieces that make life enjyable, which we ften ignre.可知, 嗅觉的恢复, 让作者能够发现生活中被忽视的小事的乐趣, 从而有了一种新的思考方式, 画线短语是指"从小事中发现快乐的能力", 故选A项。
3.推理判断题。题干中的take fr granted为固定搭配, 意为"认为理所当然"。根据最后一段第一句As my sense f smell returns t me, it's like I'm smelling things fr the first time.可推知, 作者以前认为她的嗅觉是理所当然的, 所以在恢复后才会感到很新奇, 故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的They're full f memries and magic. Fd tastes better, and the air is indeed sweet. I knw what the pets mean nw. It almst makes my brken nse wrthwhile.可知, 作者恢复嗅觉后, 觉得处处充满了回忆和魔力, 感受到的都是生活中的美好。由此可推知, 作者写这篇文章时的心情是愉快的, 故选B项。
4.答案：1-4 DBCB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的The dust is s rugh, in fact, that it can damage equipment. If taken in, it might even harm an astrnaut's health.可知, 太空中的尘埃会损害太空设备, 甚至可能危害宇航员的健康, 故选D项。
2.主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知, 当新型电子光束击中尘埃时, 它会将电子释放到粒子之间的微小空间中, 其中一些带负电荷的电子会被周围的灰尘吸收。由此可推知, 本段主要讲了电子束的工作原理, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The Bulder grup aims keep surfaces clean.可知, 电子束是保持表面清洁的方式之一, 它的清洁能力还有待增强, 故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Hranyi says the electrn beam is just ne f several ways future space explrers culd keep surfaces clean. Others might include changes t a spacesuit's design.可推知, 下文将要探讨另一种去除太空中尘埃吸附的方法, 即新型宇航服的设计, 故选B项。
5.答案：1-4 CDAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的It is n cincidence that the first truly persnal music trains are literally crwded with peple.可知, 第一款真正意义上的个人音乐播放器—索尼随身听出现在日本, 是因为过度拥挤的公共交通, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的We will als nt talk t strangers wh their small talk.可知, 人们不愿意和相距过远的陌生人大声寒暄, 即不恰当的物理距离会打消人与人之间随意聊聊的念头, 这是横线处所指的"这些缺点"之一, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的It is a release frm the prisn f the they ever can be parled.可知, 作者认为, 对孤独的人来说与陌生人在路上的闲聊是一种释放, 有助于缓解孤独, 故选A项。
4.推理判断题。本文从随身听的起源和优缺点谈起, 引申出关于公共场合缓解孤独的建议, 讲述了阻碍陌生人之间闲聊的因素以及这种闲聊的好处, 呼吁人们适当地和陌生人交流, 故选C项。
6.答案：1-4 BDAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的On a bright early summer mrning, 's a regular part f their daily life.可知, 清晨很多游泳者聚集在游泳池是为了进行常规训练, 故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的The discipline cmes int play when yu're talking abut cncentrating n the details可知, 教练强调自制力, 以及下文When yu fcus n what yu're ding right and what yu can d better, then yu'll see the imprvement.可知, 专注可以让人取得进步, 由此可推知, 教练保罗•沃斯的话暗示了队员们在团队中要变得自律和专注, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Nw they've cme back as 8-year-lds, having set sme gals and having things that they want t achieve.可知, 一年的训练之后, 孩子们变得更加有目标, 更清楚该做什么。A项中的短语be aware f意为"了解; 意识到", 故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段中的Hwever, the benefits f belnging t a sprts team are nt just hnr r health related. Yu can learn useful life skills.可知, 加入运动队有诸多好处, 可以学到许多对生活有用的技能和经验, 比如下文提到的自律、专注等。由此可推知, 作者认为团队运动能教会我们生活经验, 故选C项。
7.答案：1-4 ABCB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的If yu fly much, yu see these things and learn t act calmly abut them.(如果你经常乘坐飞机, 你会明白这些情况, 并学会冷静对待它们)可推知, 作者在第二段中用一些旅客"会心的微笑"说明飞机乘客已经习惯了这种经历, 故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Our indicatrs shw that the cntrl system has failed.可知, 起飞后不久飞行指示器显示飞机的控制系统失灵了, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的All arund, peple cried. Many screamed.可知, 听到机长的通知后, 大多数乘客的反应是哭喊尖叫, 故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段Finally, I leaned ver and by sme miracle culd hear this sft sure tuchdwn was nt a tragedy.可知, 在飞机遇险时, 一位母亲一遍又一遍地安慰她的女儿, 声音轻柔而坚定, 似乎有一种魔力给惊恐的人们以安定的力量, 作者认为这是勇气之声, 故选B项。
8.答案：1-4 CBDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Tday, hwever, an almst yu a set f brand messages and sales links which are tailred almst uniquely t yu.(向你显示的品牌信息和销售链接, 几乎是为你量身定制的)可知, 现在如果两个人点击同一链接, 他们会看到不同的广告和销售链接, 这些广告和信息是依据他们的个人信息推送的, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Online ads have never gt less annying ver time, ut hw t better identify wh yu are.可知, 一旦硅谷技术找到了更好地识别你个人信息的方法, 在线广告能给你发送独特的链接, 故选B项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段If yu want t avid the dreadful relevant applicatins.可知, 要想避免链接广告的烦扰, 只能在某些相关应用程序上阅读文章, 这样可以保护我们的隐私不受侵犯, 故选D项。
4.推理判断题。通读全文可知, 本文作者对链接广告很是烦扰, 尤其根据最后一段中的But it wn't be these apps that killed the news brands. It'll be ad tech.可知, 真正起到破坏作用的是广告技术, 由此可推知, 作者对此持反对态度, 故选A项。
9.答案：1-4 ACBD
解析：1.判断推理题。第一段提出问题: 为什么我们经常在和别人对话后不记得对话的内容? 下文提出解决方法—用心倾听, 由此可推知, 第一段是为了引出本文要讨论的主题, 故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Mindfulness encurages us t be aware f the present mment, let g f t us.可知, 用心倾听能让我们更关注当下, 避免分神, 故选C项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的句子When we're empathetic, we can understand a situatin frm smene else's pint f view.可知, "我们"可以站在别人的角度设身处地看待事情, 由此可推知, empathy是指共情能力, 故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文, 第一段通过提问提出人们在与别人说话时容易分神的现象; 第二、三段提出了解决办法, 即用心倾听, 并讲述了用心倾听的定义且列举了多项益处; 第四段围绕提高用心倾听效率的三大要素展开。由此可推知, 本文关键词在于用心倾听, D项"介绍用心倾听"为最佳标题, 故选D项。
10.答案：1-4 BCDB
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知, 蚂蚁在它们的巢穴和食物来源之间往返, 蚂蚁群的生存依赖于高效进行"这个", 由此可推知, 蚂蚁要生存就要依赖于"Ants als cmmute", this指代蚂蚁的"cmmuting", 故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的S they regulated traffic density by and watched.可知, 研究人员在一群阿根廷蚂蚁和食物来源之间建造不同宽度的桥梁来调节交通密度, 由此可推出, 研究人员是通过控制蚁群的路的宽度来控制蚁群的密度, 故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的And they fund that when ants sense vercrwding, that tell ther ants where a trail is.可知, 蚂蚁感觉到过度拥挤时会调整行进速度, 避免拥堵, 这些行为可能是由信息素引起的。由此可推知, 蚂蚁可以避免交通堵塞的主要原因是它们依靠信息素这种化学物质来调整行进速度, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。文章首段提出人类上下班遇到交通堵塞是不可避免的, 第二段提出蚂蚁也会遇到交通堵塞, 第三段至倒数第二段提出研究者用实验证明, 蚂蚁用分泌的信息素通知同伴调整行进速度, 可以避免拥堵。由此可推知, B项"不可避免? 蚂蚁不会的!"为最佳标题, 故选B项。
Alexandra Sullivan, a fd system researcher in New Yrk City, studies urban agriculture. Urban agriculture is anther name fr farming and gardening in a city envirnment. Ms. Sullivan studies everything frm tiny gardens in empty lts between buildings t bigger fields that have been planted and grwn. Accrding t Ms. Sullivan, "Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, acrss the wrld."
The number f humans living in urban areas r cities, is increasing. The amunt f peple wh want t garden in urban areas is als rising. Ms. Sullivan says, "In small gardens, n rftps and indrs, they grw fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbs, and raise animals t prduce milk, eggs, hney, and meat. They use these fds as supplements t fd prduced by rural agriculture." Even thugh sme peple wh live in urban areas grw crps, urban residents still need t rely n fd grwn in rural areas. This is because a city desn't have enugh space t grw enugh fd fr everyne living in it.
In New Yrk City, urban farmers have cme up with many different ways t grw their wn prduce, even thugh there isn't a lt f rm. Fr example, Brklyn Grange is a farming peratin that has tw rftp vegetable farms in New Yrk City. All tgether, the farms are made up f 2.5 acres f rftp space. This makes Brklyn Grange ne f the largest rftp farming peratins in the wrld.
Brklyn Grange grws all kinds f things. The farming cmpany sells its vegetables t lcal residents and restaurants. And because the farms are n rftps, they are specially adapted t their urban lcatin. They use available space that is nt needed fr anything else. As mre urban farmers find ways t grw fd in cities, urban residents will be better able t get fresher materials fr their meals.
1.Which f the fllwing is Ms. Sullivan's pinin accrding t the text?
A.Urban agriculture can prvide huge incme.
B.Urban agriculture has a histry as lng as cities.
C.The number f peple living in cities is increasing slwly.
D.Urban residents still rely n fd grwn in rural areas cmpletely.
2.What des the underlined wrd "they" in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A.Farmers.B.City residents.
C.Rural residents.D.Cmpanies.
3.What can we learn abut Brklyn Grange in New Yrk City frm the text?
A.It has large farming areas.B.It can nly grw a single prduct.
C.It prduces enugh fd fr citizens.D.It makes use f rftp space t grw vegetables.
4.What may be the best title fr the text?
A.Farms in CitiesB.Future Fd System
C.Fd Grwn in CitiesD.Agriculture f New Yrk City
2. A new clr changing ink culd aid in health and envirnment mnitring—fr example, allwing clthing t switch clrs when expsed t sweat r a wlen blanket t shift clrs if a dangerus gas enters the rm. The ink culd be printed n anything frm a T-shirt t a tent.
Wearable sensing devices like smart watches use electrnics just t mnitr the heart rate, bld sugar and mre. Nw, researchers at Tufts University's Silklab say the new silk-based ink can respnd t and quantify the presence f chemicals n r arund the bdy. "Silk has the ability t add necessary sensing and clr changing chemical substances t the ink withut lsing their functins," says Firenz Omenett, a bimedical engineer at Silklab.
The researchers imprved n an earlier repetitin that wrked with inkjet printers, thickening the ink with a chemical t make it capable fr screen printing, and then added varius reactive substances. With the new ink, they can nw easily print a large number f reactive elements nt large surfaces.
The team made the ink by breaking dwn raw silk fibers int prteins which the researchers suspended in water. Next, they mixed in varius reactive mlecules(分子) and analyzed hw the resulting prducts changed hues when expsed t changes in their envirnment. When the ink is printed n fabric, pH indicatrs culd cnvey infrmatin abut skin health and a wearer's tiredness levels. The changes are visible t eyes, but the researchers als used a camera-imaging analysis t cntinuusly mnitr the clr variatins and create a database f values.
Omenett says that the ink culd be adapted t track envirnmental changes in a rm, r t respnd t bacteria and fllw disease prgressin.
Mechanical engineer Tyler Ray f the University f Hawaii ntes that mst f tday's wearable mnitrs are rigid, fairly large and heavy. "The new ink technlgy has the ptential t transfrm cnsumer wearable mnitrs frm entertainment devices int bdy wrn, clinical grade physilgical measurement tls, prviding useful infrmatin and making it easier fr physicians t perate," he says.
1.What can the new ink be used fr?
A.Making pictures.B.Printing dcuments.
C.Breaking dwn fibers and prteins.D.Detecting health and envirnment changes.
2.What des Firenz Omenett mentin in Paragraph 2?
A.The chemical substances in silk.B.The practical functins f smart watches.
C.The rle f silk in the new ink technlgy.D.The influence f the new ink n the human bdy.
3.What des the underlined wrd "hues" in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A.Levels.B.Clrs.C.Wearers.D.Analyses.
4.Hw des Tyler Ray expect f the wearable mnitrs using the new ink?
A.Practical.B.Sft.
C.Large and heavy.D.Small but incnvenient.
3. I've been spending time this week smelling the rses. I bend ver in my neighbrs' frnt yard, checking that nbdy is watching, then bury my head in the flwers.
I've als been walking int bakeries and walking arund withut buying anything.
After having surgery n my brken nse 18 mnths ag, I haven't been able t smell r taste things. This week, hwever, my nse is back in business.
I've been fascinated by smells, and it's given me a new way f thinking. Smell is just ne f the little bits and pieces that make life enjyable, which we ften ignre. I remember nce, when my sn was 5 mnths ld, I was carrying him dwn the street. Wind swept thrugh and almst tipped us ver. He threw his little head back and giggled. He'd never felt the wind n his face. When is the last time I laughed at the weather?
The first time I ate bacn, I rushed hme t my parents, determined that we ate this deliciusness at every meal. My father smiled and agreed.
D yu recall when yu learned that the vice actrs f Mickey and Minnie Muse were married in real life? D yu enjy sleeping in new, clean bed sheets?
We dn't write pstcards abut the small things. We dn't frame them in phtgraphs.
They aren't that great r grand, but withut them, life is altgether t lud. These quiet experiences give us a chance t enjy the simple fact f being alive.
As my sense f smell returns t me, it's like I'm smelling things fr the first time. They're full f memries and magic. Fd tastes better, and the air is indeed sweet. I knw what the pets mean nw. It almst makes my brken nse wrthwhile. Nw, I am waiting fr this bandage t cme ff. There's an itch I can't reach!
1.What des the writer try t d in the first tw paragraphs?
A.Discuss new ways t enjy leisure time.B.Shw that she lves ding secret things.
C.Give examples f hw she kills time.D.Get readers t wnder abut her behavir.
2.What des the underlined part "a new way f thinking" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.The ability t discver the jy f small things.B.The habit f vercming ignrance.
C.The ability t fully use ur limited attentin.D.The habit f making persnal reflectins.
3.What did the authr take fr granted befre?
A.Memries and magic.B.Valuing being alive.
C.Her sense f smell.D.Laughing at the weather.
4.Which wrd can be used t describe the writer's feeling while writing the passage?
A.Depressed.B.Pleased.C.Disturbed.D.Annyed.
4. NASA aims t send a man and a wman t the mn by 2024. This is the gal f its Artemis prgram. But fr Artemis t succeed, the U.S. space agency first needs t slve a big prblem: the damaging threat f mn dust.
Over billins f years, celestial bdies, such as asterids and meters, have slammed int the mn. These hits have crushed sme lunar rcks int dust. The surf radiatin gives the dust an electric charge that makes it stick t everything. Thse pwdery bits are like "brken pieces f glass", ntes Mihaly Hranyi, a physicist at the University f Clrad Bulder. The dust is s rugh, in fact, that it can damage equipment. If taken in, it might even harm an astrnaut's health. Hranyi is part f a team that has nw figured ut hw t vercme ne trubling aspect f the dust: its static cling, using a lw-pwered electrn beam(电子束). When shined nt the dust, that beam sends the dust flying.
During the 1970s, the astrnauts in NASA's Apll missins relied n a very lw-tech system t clean lunar dust ff their spacesuits. They swept it away with what lked like the brushes used t paint a huse. But the electrically charged nature f space dust tended t fail such hand sweepers.
The new electrn-beam brm takes advantage f the dust's electrical characteristic. As the beam hits the dust, it releases electrns int the tiny spaces between particles. Sme f these negatively charged electrns will be absrbed by the surrunding dust.
One prblem with the electrn beam, at least fr nw, is that it leaves up t ne-furth f the dust behind. The Bulder grup aims t strengthen that cleaning pwer. Hranyi says the electrn beam is just ne f several ways future space explrers culd keep surfaces clean. Others might include changes t a spacesuit's design.
1.Why shuld the mn dust prblem be slved?
A.It might cause serius crashes.B.It can give ff harmful radiatin.
C.It can stick t the surface f the spaceship.D.It might affect astrnauts' health and equipment.
2.What is the main idea f Paragraph 4?
A.The discvery f the electrn beam.B.The way the electrn beam wrks.
C.The ccurrence f the electrn beam.D.The develpment f the electrn beam.
3.What can we learn abut the new electrn-beam brm?
A.It is a lw-tech dust cleaning system.B.It leaves three-furths f the dust uncleaned.
C.It needs imprvement in the cleaning pwer.D.It is prved less efficient than ther methds.
4.What will the authr mst prbably talk abut next?
A.Astrnauts' health.B.New spacesuit's design.
C.Spaceship surface features.D.Future space explratin.
5. Friday was "Chatty Bus day", an experiment aimed at getting peple t talk t each ther n public transprt. This is nt an idea that wuld appeal t thse wh cmmute in the rush hur, because there is a smaller distance within which it's just as uncmfrtable t talk. It is n cincidence that the first truly persnal music player, the Sny Walkman, was invented in Japan where the cmmuter trains are literally crwded with peple.
We will als nt talk t strangers wh are physically t far away, f curse. N ne wants t shut their small talk. Only n cuntry buses r similar unhurried and uncrwded frms f public transprt can peple reach ut t their neighbrs, cnfident that they are ding s frm a psitin f strength and autnmy.
Fr all these drawbacks, the idea f talking t strangers is still a gd ne, and the prmtin f sciability is gd fr sciety. Althugh it des seem t be a general rule that peple are friendlier the fewer there are f them and mre hstile and indifferent as cities get mre crwded, there are still cnsiderable cultural variatins.
It is true that the apparent lneliness f many peple n public transprt is a false impressin. Many will be caught up with cnversatins with distant friends n their phnes; sme will be talking t the peple in bks. Sme may be in willed slitude with their headphnes. But there are always peple wh wuld be interested in an unexpected cnversatin with a stranger. This need nt g n fr t lng.
It is nt large and pssibly life-changing cnversatins that are what mst peple in lneliness miss mst. What they really need is nt deep thught but superficiality. The kind f cnversatin that yu culd have with anyne reminds yu that yu yurself might be anyne. It is a release frm the prisn f the self, which is where lnely peple serve their sentences, uncertain whether they ever can be parled. Friendship may be t rare a gift t hpe fr, but smetimes the kindest thing t say is als the simplest: "Dn't be a stranger"—and smetimes that's als enugh.
1.Accrding t Paragraph 1, what is the reasn fr the first Walkman's appearance in Japan?
A.Its crprate culture.B.Its peple's creativity.
C.Its vercrwded public transprt.D.Its peple's desire fr persnal space.
2.Which f the fllwing belngs t "these drawbacks" underlined in Paragraph 3?
A."Chatty Bus day" has nt been intrduced t ther areas.
B.Walkman prevents passengers frm talking t each ther.
C.Passengers are unwilling t make small talk with strangers.
D.Imprper physical distance discurages casual cmmunicatin.
3.What is the authr mst likely t agree with?
A.Small talk with strangers will help ease lneliness n the rad.
B.Lnely peple are in desperate need f deep cnversatin.
C.Peple in less ppulated cities tend t be cld and distant.
D.It's inadvisable t talk t strangers wh are physically t clse.
4.What is the authr's main purpse in writing the text?
A.T cast new light n human lneliness.
B.T intrduce an experiment and its effects.
C.T advcate striking up cnversatins with strangers.
D.T explre the relatinship between physical distance and willingness t reach ut.
6. On a bright early summer mrning, many yung swimmers gather at a lcal swimming pl in the state f Maryland. They are members f a cmpetitive summer swim team, and that's a regular part f their daily life. As they train and cut secnds ff their times, which makes them clser t the champinship in the fllwing large-scale cmpetitins, they are getting lts f physical exercise and vitamin D frm the sun. Hwever, the benefits f belnging t a sprts team are nt just hnr r health related. Yu can learn useful life skills.
Paul Waas, cach f the swim team, explains, "The discipline cmes int play when yu're talking abut cncentrating n the details that yur caches are saying as it makes yu faster rather than ging up and dwn the pl the same way yu have every time. When yu fcus n what yu're ding right and what yu can d better, then yu'll see the imprvement."
Besides, there is als respnsibility, gals and wrkings within a grup. Again, here is Cach Waas. "It's really great! It's s fun t watch frm year t year. I've had kids wh as 7-year-lds n the team culd barely pay attentin in practice and were nly interested in wh was ging first. Nw they've cme back as 8-year-lds, having set sme gals and having things that they want t achieve. These skills can help them a lt."
But playing the sprts is nt withut harm. Sme can be hard n the bdy. Yung athletes suffer serius injuries that fllw them int adulthd. Cach Waas says that in fact, swimming is different frm mst thers. First, it pses a lwer risk f injury. The secnd ne relates t hw swim teams are structured. Actually, children are nt the nly nes wh can benefit. Adults can als benefit frm team sprts.
1.Why d the swimmers gather at a swimming pl in the early mrning?
A.T btain vitamin D frm the sun.B.T build practical skills fr the future.
C.T jin in a large-scale cmpetitin.D.T carry ut their rutine practice.
2.What d Paul Waas' wrds imply in Paragraph 2?
A.Swimmers shuld cncentrate n details.
B.Members get disciplined and fcused in the team.
C.Caches play a key rle in players' imprvement.
D.Mst swimmers enjy swimming in the same way.
3.What happens t the kids after a year's training?
A.They are mre aware f what t d.B.They pay less attentin t training.
C.They devte mre time t practice.D.They care mre abut wh ges first.
4.What des the authr want t cnvey in the text?
A.Exercise benefits everyne.B.Swimming is better than ther sprts.
C.Team sprts teach life lessns.D.Physical exercise shuld be a habit.
7. I knw what curage lks like. I saw it n a flight I tk six years ag, and nly nw can I speak f it withut tears filling eyes at the memry.
Our flight left the Orland Airprt ne Friday mrning. But immediately upn take-ff, it was clear that smething was wrng. The aircraft was bumping up and dwn. All the experienced travelers, including me, lked arund with knwing smiles. If yu fly much, yu see these things and learn t act calmly abut them. Hwever, we did nt remain calm fr lng.
Minutes after we were in the air, ur plane began falling quickly. The pilt sn made a serius annuncement. "We are having sme difficulties," he said. "Our indicatrs shw that the cntrl system has failed. We will be returning t the Orland Airprt. The flight attendants will prepare yu fr a bumpy landing. Als, if yu lk ut f the windws, yu will see that we are dumping fuel frm the airplane. We want t have as little n bard as pssible in the event f a rugh tuchdwn." In ther wrds, we were abut t crash. Many travelers lked visibly frightened nw. N ne faces death withut fear, I thught.
Then a cuple f rws t my left, I heard a still calm vice, a wman's vice, speaking in an abslutely nrmal cnversatinal tne. I had t find the surce f this vice. All arund, peple cried. Many screamed. Finally, I saw her. In this chas, a mther was talking t her child. The wman, in her mid-30s, was staring full int the face f her daughter, wh lked t be fur years ld. The child listened clsely, sensing the imprtance f her mther's wrds. The mther's gaze held the child s fixed that she seemed untuched by the sunds f grief and fear arund her.
Finally, I leaned ver and by sme miracle culd hear this sft sure vice with the tne f cmfrt. Over and ver again, the mther said, "I lve yu s much. Remember, n matter what happens, I lve yu always." Frtunately, ur landing gear held at last and ur tuchdwn was nt a tragedy.
Hwever, the vice I heard that day never faded. That mm shwed me what a real her lks like.
1.What des the authr imply by saying sme travelers' "knwing smiles" in Paragraph 2?
A.They were used t this kind f experience.B.They were quite familiar with each ther.
C.They were well-educated passengers.D.They were pretending t be calm.
2.What happened shrtly after take-ff?
A.The plane met bad weather and had t return immediately.
B.The flight indicatrs shwed the plane's cntrl system failed.
C.One f the passengers was badly ill and the plane had t turn back.
D.A flight attendant explained flight safety instructins t the passengers.
3.Hearing the pilt's annuncement, hw did mst travelers respnd?
A.They asked fr help.B.They remained calm.
C.They cried and screamed.D.They rejected the bumpy landing.
4.What is the best title fr the passage?
A.The Shape f LveB.The Vice f Curage
C.The Wisdm f a PiltD.The Danger f a Jurney
8. When talking abut the ecnmics f nline publishing, the first thing t remember is that jb N.1 isn't t get the news t yu. Rather, it is t mnetize yu, by selling yu ff, in real time, t the highest bidder. This happens every time yu click n a link, befre the page has even started t lad n yur phne. Once upn a time, if yu and I bth visited the same web page at the same time using the same web brwser, we wuld end up seeing the same thing. Tday, hwever, an almst unthinkably enrmus ecsystem f scripts and ckies and ften astnishingly persnal infrmatin is used t shw yu a set f brand messages and sales links which are tailred almst uniquely t yu.
That ecsystem raises imprtant questins abut privacy—the way that the minute yu lk at a pair f shes nline, fr instance, they then start fllwing yu arund every ther website yu visit fr weeks. But whether r nt yu value yur privacy, yu are damaged, daily, by the sheer weight f all that technlgy.
Online ads have never gt less annying ver time, and yu can be sure that mbile ads are ging t get mre annying as well, nce Silicn Valley has wrked ut hw t better identify wh yu are. The mve t greater privacy prtectins might help slw the pace with which such technlgies are adpted. But there's n realistic hpe that websites will actually imprve frm here. If yu want t avid the dreadful experience f the mbile web, yu'll nly have ne chice—which is t start reading yur articles negatively, in a certain relevant applicatins. But it wn't be these apps that killed the news brands. It'll be ad tech.
1.What will happen if tw peple click n the same link tday?
A.They will immediately get the news that they want.
B.They will see the same thing whenever they brwse.
C.They will see different brand messages and sales links.
D.They will be recmmended t the same bidder.
2.Why can the nline ads send yu the links unique t yu?
A.The ecsystem knws wh yu are.B.They knw hw t identify wh yu are.
C.Yu dn't care abut yur privacy.D.Yu always use the same web brwser.
3.Hw culd we prtect ur privacy against mbile ads?
A.By slwing the pace with such technlgies.B.By imprving the website functins.
C.By stpping using the mbile phnes.D.By reading articles in specific apps.
4.What's the authr's attitude t the ad tech?
A.Negative.B.Psitive.C.Uncncerned.D.Optimistic.
9. Hw ften d yu have a cnversatin with smene, and think yu are paying attentin t him r her, nly t realize shrtly afterwards that yu can't remember what he said? Or, perhaps yu get distracted while he is speaking and miss the message that he is trying t deliver. In tday's busy wrld, mdern life is full f distractins: TVs, radis, traffic nises, telephnes, laptps and s n, which can make it difficult t listen with ur full attentin.
But hw can we listen mre effectively? Jn Kabat-Zinn, prfessr at the University f Massachusetts Medical Schl, put frward the idea f mindful listening. He said mindfulness means paying attentin in a particular way, with a purpse, at the present mment and nn-judgmentally.
When we listen mindfully, we can be aware f sme barriers but still remain pen t the speaker's ideas and messages. Mindfulness encurages us t be aware f the present mment, let g f distractins and ignre physical and emtinal reactins t what peple say t us.
But hw can we apply mindful listening t ur life? Jn Kabat-Zinn describes three key elements f mindful listening that we can use t imprve ur listening skills.
First f all, be present. When we listen mindfully, ur fcus shuld be n the persn we are listening t withut distractins. Then develp empathy. We ften see the wrld thrugh ur wn experiences. When we're empathetic, we can understand a situatin frm smene else's pint f view. At last, listen t ur wn "cues". Our cues are the thughts, feelings and physical reactins that we have when we feel anxius r angry, and they can blck ut ideas and perspectives that we're uncmfrtable with. Mindful listening can help us t be mre aware f ur cues, and allw us t chse nt t let them blck cmmunicatin.
The rule is straightfrward: simply "Listen"! Listen carefully and attentively. Pay full attentin t the ther persn, and dn't let ther thughts, like what we are ging t say next, distract us.
1.What's the functin f the first paragraph?
A.T intrduce the tpic.B.T make a cnclusin.
C.T criticize the distractins.D.T describe daily situatins.
2.What is ne f the advantages f mindful listening?
A.Making a judgment crrectly.B.Sharing messages with the speaker.
C.Stpping peple's running thughts.D.Making sure f feeling understd.
3.What des the underlined wrd "empathy" in Paragraph 5 refer t?
A.The feeling f trusting thers.B.The ability t understand thers.
C.The attitude f caring abut thers.D.The behavir f listening t thers.
4.What can be the best title fr the passage?
A.Applicatins f Mindful ListeningB.Key Elements f Mindful Listening
C.A Research n Mindful ListeningD.An Intrductin f Mindful Listening
10. Anyne wh cmmutes(通勤) by car knws that traffic jams are an unavidable part f life. But humans are nt alne in facing ptential backups.
Ants als cmmute—between their nest and surces f fd. The survival f their clnies depends n ding this efficiently.
When humans cmmute, there's a pint at which cars becme dense(稠密的) enugh t slw dwn the flw f traffic, causing jams. Mtsch, a mathematician in Arizna State University, and his clleagues wanted t knw if ants n the mve culd als get stuck. S they regulated traffic density by cnstructing bridges f varius widths between a clny f Argentine ants and a surce f fd. Then they waited and watched. "The gal was t try t find ut at what pint they are ging t have a traffic jam," said Sebastien Mtsch.
But it appears that that never happened. They always managed t avid a traffic jam. The flw f ants did increase at the beginning as ants started t fill the bridge and then leveled ff at high densities. But it never slwed dwn r stpped, even when the bridge was nearly filled with ants.
The researchers then tk a clser lk at hw the behavir f individual ants impacted traffic as a whle. And they fund that when ants sense vercrwding, they adjust their speeds and avid entering high-density areas, which prevents jams. Thse behavir may be prmted by phermnes, chemicals that tell ther ants where a trail is. The ants als manage t avid clliding(碰撞) with each ther at high densities, which culd really slw them dwn. The study is in the jurnal eLife.
Can ants help us slve ur wn traffic prblems? Nt likely, says Mtsch. That's because when it cmes t getting frm pint A t pint B as fast as pssible, human drivers put their wn gals first. Individual ants have t be mre cperative in rder t feed the clny. But the research culd be useful in imprving traffic flw fr self-driving cars, which can be designed t be less like selfish humans—and mre like ants.
1.What des the underlined wrd "this" in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A.Surviving.B.Cmmuting.C.Finding fd.D.Aviding jams.
2.Hw did the researchers cntrl the traffic density f the cmmuting ants?
A.By finding ut the dense pints.B.Thrugh clser bservatin.
C.By cntrlling the widths f their path.D.By regulating their numbers.
3.Accrding t the research, why can ants avid traffic jams?
A.They fllw a special rute.
B.They level ff at high densities.
C.They never stp r slw dwn n the way.
D.They depend n their natural chemicals t adjust their speeds.
4.What is the best title f the passage?
A.Traffic JamsB.Unavidable? Nt fr Ants!
C.Survival f an Ant ClnyD.Difference Between Humans and Ants
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 BBDA
解析：1.细节理解题。由题干中的Ms. Sullivan可定位至第二段最后一句Accrding t Ms. Sullivan, "Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, acrss the wrld.", 由此可知, 沙利文女士认为都市农业拥有与城市一样长的历史, 故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前两句The number f humans living in amunt f peple wh want t garden in urban areas is als rising.可知, 城市居民的数量在增长, 想要在城市里从事种植活动的人的数量也在增长, 由此可推知, 在小花园里、屋顶上和室内种植瓜果和饲养动物的人指的是"城市居民", 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段第二句Fr example, Brklyn Grange is a farming peratin that has tw rftp vegetable farms in New Yrk City.可知, 布鲁克林农庄在纽约利用屋顶上的空间种植蔬菜, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文主要讲述了城市居民充分利用各种有限的空间种植蔬菜、水果、谷物和药草, 并饲养动物的事情, 说明都市农场在世界各大城市日益流行, 故选A项。
2.答案：1-4 DCBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的A new clr changing ink culd aid in health and envirnment mnitring可知, 这种新型墨水能用来帮助进行健康和环境监测, 故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段菲奥伦佐•欧曼尼托的话Silk has the ability t add necessary sensing and clr changing chemical substances t the ink withut lsing their functins可知, 菲奥伦佐•欧曼尼托在第二段中提到丝绸在油墨新工艺中的作用, 故选C项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词下文的The changes are visible t clr variatins and create a database f values.可知, 研究人员使用相机成像分析来持续监控颜色变化, 结合画线词所在句可推知, 研究人员分析了生成的产物在暴露于环境的变化中时如何改变颜色, hue意为"颜色; 色调", 故选B项。
4.推理判断题。由题干中的Tyler Ray定位至最后一段, 由该段中The new ink technlgy has the ptential t transfrm cnsumer wearable making it easier fr physicians t perate, 可知, 新墨水技术有可能将可穿戴式显示器从娱乐设备转变为身体可穿戴式、临床级生理测量工具, 以提供有用的信息, 且更易于医生操作, 由此可推知, 泰勒•雷认为, 使用墨水技术的可穿戴显示器还是很实用的, 故选A项。
3.答案：1-4 DACB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据前两段内容可知, 作者在邻居家前院弯下腰, 看看有没有人在看她, 然后把头埋在花里; 她曾走进面包店, 却只是四处走动, 什么也没买。由此可推知, 作者描述自己怪异的行为是为了让读者好奇她的行为, 从而引出话题, 故选D项。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文Smell is just ne f the little bits and pieces that make life enjyable, which we ften ignre.可知, 嗅觉的恢复, 让作者能够发现生活中被忽视的小事的乐趣, 从而有了一种新的思考方式, 画线短语是指"从小事中发现快乐的能力", 故选A项。
3.推理判断题。题干中的take fr granted为固定搭配, 意为"认为理所当然"。根据最后一段第一句As my sense f smell returns t me, it's like I'm smelling things fr the first time.可推知, 作者以前认为她的嗅觉是理所当然的, 所以在恢复后才会感到很新奇, 故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的They're full f memries and magic. Fd tastes better, and the air is indeed sweet. I knw what the pets mean nw. It almst makes my brken nse wrthwhile.可知, 作者恢复嗅觉后, 觉得处处充满了回忆和魔力, 感受到的都是生活中的美好。由此可推知, 作者写这篇文章时的心情是愉快的, 故选B项。
4.答案：1-4 DBCB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的The dust is s rugh, in fact, that it can damage equipment. If taken in, it might even harm an astrnaut's health.可知, 太空中的尘埃会损害太空设备, 甚至可能危害宇航员的健康, 故选D项。
2.主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知, 当新型电子光束击中尘埃时, 它会将电子释放到粒子之间的微小空间中, 其中一些带负电荷的电子会被周围的灰尘吸收。由此可推知, 本段主要讲了电子束的工作原理, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The Bulder grup aims keep surfaces clean.可知, 电子束是保持表面清洁的方式之一, 它的清洁能力还有待增强, 故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Hranyi says the electrn beam is just ne f several ways future space explrers culd keep surfaces clean. Others might include changes t a spacesuit's design.可推知, 下文将要探讨另一种去除太空中尘埃吸附的方法, 即新型宇航服的设计, 故选B项。
5.答案：1-4 CDAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的It is n cincidence that the first truly persnal music trains are literally crwded with peple.可知, 第一款真正意义上的个人音乐播放器—索尼随身听出现在日本, 是因为过度拥挤的公共交通, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的We will als nt talk t strangers wh their small talk.可知, 人们不愿意和相距过远的陌生人大声寒暄, 即不恰当的物理距离会打消人与人之间随意聊聊的念头, 这是横线处所指的"这些缺点"之一, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的It is a release frm the prisn f the they ever can be parled.可知, 作者认为, 对孤独的人来说与陌生人在路上的闲聊是一种释放, 有助于缓解孤独, 故选A项。
4.推理判断题。本文从随身听的起源和优缺点谈起, 引申出关于公共场合缓解孤独的建议, 讲述了阻碍陌生人之间闲聊的因素以及这种闲聊的好处, 呼吁人们适当地和陌生人交流, 故选C项。
6.答案：1-4 BDAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的On a bright early summer mrning, 's a regular part f their daily life.可知, 清晨很多游泳者聚集在游泳池是为了进行常规训练, 故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的The discipline cmes int play when yu're talking abut cncentrating n the details可知, 教练强调自制力, 以及下文When yu fcus n what yu're ding right and what yu can d better, then yu'll see the imprvement.可知, 专注可以让人取得进步, 由此可推知, 教练保罗•沃斯的话暗示了队员们在团队中要变得自律和专注, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Nw they've cme back as 8-year-lds, having set sme gals and having things that they want t achieve.可知, 一年的训练之后, 孩子们变得更加有目标, 更清楚该做什么。A项中的短语be aware f意为"了解; 意识到", 故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段中的Hwever, the benefits f belnging t a sprts team are nt just hnr r health related. Yu can learn useful life skills.可知, 加入运动队有诸多好处, 可以学到许多对生活有用的技能和经验, 比如下文提到的自律、专注等。由此可推知, 作者认为团队运动能教会我们生活经验, 故选C项。
7.答案：1-4 ABCB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的If yu fly much, yu see these things and learn t act calmly abut them.(如果你经常乘坐飞机, 你会明白这些情况, 并学会冷静对待它们)可推知, 作者在第二段中用一些旅客"会心的微笑"说明飞机乘客已经习惯了这种经历, 故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Our indicatrs shw that the cntrl system has failed.可知, 起飞后不久飞行指示器显示飞机的控制系统失灵了, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的All arund, peple cried. Many screamed.可知, 听到机长的通知后, 大多数乘客的反应是哭喊尖叫, 故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段Finally, I leaned ver and by sme miracle culd hear this sft sure tuchdwn was nt a tragedy.可知, 在飞机遇险时, 一位母亲一遍又一遍地安慰她的女儿, 声音轻柔而坚定, 似乎有一种魔力给惊恐的人们以安定的力量, 作者认为这是勇气之声, 故选B项。
8.答案：1-4 CBDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Tday, hwever, an almst yu a set f brand messages and sales links which are tailred almst uniquely t yu.(向你显示的品牌信息和销售链接, 几乎是为你量身定制的)可知, 现在如果两个人点击同一链接, 他们会看到不同的广告和销售链接, 这些广告和信息是依据他们的个人信息推送的, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Online ads have never gt less annying ver time, ut hw t better identify wh yu are.可知, 一旦硅谷技术找到了更好地识别你个人信息的方法, 在线广告能给你发送独特的链接, 故选B项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段If yu want t avid the dreadful relevant applicatins.可知, 要想避免链接广告的烦扰, 只能在某些相关应用程序上阅读文章, 这样可以保护我们的隐私不受侵犯, 故选D项。
4.推理判断题。通读全文可知, 本文作者对链接广告很是烦扰, 尤其根据最后一段中的But it wn't be these apps that killed the news brands. It'll be ad tech.可知, 真正起到破坏作用的是广告技术, 由此可推知, 作者对此持反对态度, 故选A项。
9.答案：1-4 ACBD
解析：1.判断推理题。第一段提出问题: 为什么我们经常在和别人对话后不记得对话的内容? 下文提出解决方法—用心倾听, 由此可推知, 第一段是为了引出本文要讨论的主题, 故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Mindfulness encurages us t be aware f the present mment, let g f t us.可知, 用心倾听能让我们更关注当下, 避免分神, 故选C项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的句子When we're empathetic, we can understand a situatin frm smene else's pint f view.可知, "我们"可以站在别人的角度设身处地看待事情, 由此可推知, empathy是指共情能力, 故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文, 第一段通过提问提出人们在与别人说话时容易分神的现象; 第二、三段提出了解决办法, 即用心倾听, 并讲述了用心倾听的定义且列举了多项益处; 第四段围绕提高用心倾听效率的三大要素展开。由此可推知, 本文关键词在于用心倾听, D项"介绍用心倾听"为最佳标题, 故选D项。
10.答案：1-4 BCDB
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知, 蚂蚁在它们的巢穴和食物来源之间往返, 蚂蚁群的生存依赖于高效进行"这个", 由此可推知, 蚂蚁要生存就要依赖于"Ants als cmmute", this指代蚂蚁的"cmmuting", 故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的S they regulated traffic density by and watched.可知, 研究人员在一群阿根廷蚂蚁和食物来源之间建造不同宽度的桥梁来调节交通密度, 由此可推出, 研究人员是通过控制蚁群的路的宽度来控制蚁群的密度, 故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的And they fund that when ants sense vercrwding, that tell ther ants where a trail is.可知, 蚂蚁感觉到过度拥挤时会调整行进速度, 避免拥堵, 这些行为可能是由信息素引起的。由此可推知, 蚂蚁可以避免交通堵塞的主要原因是它们依靠信息素这种化学物质来调整行进速度, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。文章首段提出人类上下班遇到交通堵塞是不可避免的, 第二段提出蚂蚁也会遇到交通堵塞, 第三段至倒数第二段提出研究者用实验证明, 蚂蚁用分泌的信息素通知同伴调整行进速度, 可以避免拥堵。由此可推知, B项"不可避免? 蚂蚁不会的!"为最佳标题, 故选B项。
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