新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题09:完形填空议论文应试策略(四)(2份打包,原卷版+解析版)
展开【题型特点】
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释事物,还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。
不管是在汉语中,还是在英语中,议论文都是由论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象、论据(用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法),这三个要素构成的,这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此,典型的议论文一般就由序论(提出问题,即what)、本论(分析问题,即why)和结论(解决问题,即hw)三个部分构成。
议论文有自己的语言个性,它不同于记叙文的生动形象,也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议论是对具体事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述,因此,它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、概括的。同时,它的语言也很准确,合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用,诸如since(既然),nw that(既然),therefre(因而),in that case(在那种情况下),s(所以),It fllws that…(因而…),If…,we may cnclude that …(如果……,我们可以这样下结论……),Shuld it be the case (如果是这样的话……),Idn’t want t…,but…(我并不想……),It is true that…,but…(诚然……但是……),Even if …(即使……)等有辩论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构,以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外,作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳,在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气,不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉,在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, culd, wuld, shuld等情态动词。
【应试策略】
1. 通览
把握作者的观点和态度。议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点,而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点,把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬,是赞成还是反对,而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。
把握文章的开头,总结文章的结尾。议论文的篇首或结尾出现话题中心,通过首段或末段把握文章的主题。
2. 试填
注意段与段之间的逻辑。议论文往往围绕某一个论点用不同的论据加以佐证,往往每一段就是一个论据,而论据和论据之间又相互联系、互为补充,每一段往往就是其中一个角度或侧面。
3. 复核
通读全文,检验每条论据是否都合情合理,都能强而有力地支撑论点。
_____
优选真题演练
【上海市控江中学2022-2023学年学高三上学期9月月考】
N business wuld welcme being cmpared t Big Tbacc r gambling. Yet that is what is happening t makers f vide games. Fr years parents have casually cmplained that their ffspring are “addicted” t their smartphnes. Tday, ____21____, ever mre dctrs have using the term literally.
On January 1st “gaming disrder” — in which games are played ____22____, despite causing harm — gains recgnitin frm the Wrth Health Organizatin. A few mnths ag China, the wrld's biggest gaming market, annunced new rules limiting children t just a single hur f play a day. Western pliticians wrry publicly abut sme games' similarity t gambling. Clinics are spruting arund the wrld, prmising t cure patients f their habit.
Are games really addictive? Psychlgists are ____23____. The case fr the defence is that this is just anther mral panic. Killjys in the past issued ____24____ serius warnings abut televisin, rck 'n' rll, jazz, cmic bks, and even nvels. As the newest frm f mass media, gaming is merely enduring its wn time in the stcks befre it eventually ceases t be cntrversial. Furthermre, defenders argue, the criteria used t diagnse gaming addictin are t ____25____. Obsessive gaming, they suggest, is as likely t be a symptm (f depressin, say) as a disrder in its wn right.
The prsecutin refutes that, unlike rck bands r nvelists, games develpers have bth the mtive and the means t engineer their prducts t make them ____26____. The mtive arises frm a business-mdel shift. Many use a "free-mium" mdel, in which the game is free and mney is made frm purchases f in-game gds. That ____27____ playtime directly t prfits. The means is a cmbinatin f psychlgical thery and data that helps games-makers ____28____ that playtime. Psychlgists already knw quite a lt abut the srts f things that animals, including humans, find rewarding. Smartphnes use their permanent internet cnnectins t send gameplay data back t develpers. That allws prducts t be cnstantly fine-tuned t ____29____ spending.
While psychlgists argue abut the finer pints f what exactly cunts as addictin, the industry shuld recgnize that, in the real wrld, it has a prblem. Clinics are already reprting bming business, as lck-dwns have given gamers mre time t spend with their hbby. The regulatry climate fr tech is getting ____30____. And being assciated in the public mind, fairly r nt, with gambling and tbacc will nt d the industry any favurs.
It wuld be wise t get ahead f the discussin. A gd place t start wuld be with hard data. Many f the studies supprting the pinin that games are addictive in a ____31____ sense are nt clear: they rely n self-reprted symptms, cntested diagnstic criteria, and s n. Even basic questins abut the amunt f time and mney spent by users are hard t answer. The industry has an abundance f ____32____ that culd help. But gaming firms mstly keep details f hw gamers behave ____33____, citing cmmercial sensitivity.
In the lng run, that will prve unwise. Gaming firms shuld make mre f their data available t researchers. If — as seems likely — wrries abut addictiveness are ____34____, it is hard t think f a clearer way f shwing it. And if nt, it is better fr firms t recgnize the prblem nw and d smething abut it ____35____. The alternative is that regulatrs will frce them t act. And nce a gvernment is seized by a fit f mral panic, it can lash ut.
21. A. hweverB. therefreC. stillD. instead
22. A. superblyB. cmpulsivelyC. brilliantlyD. prprtinately
23. A. splitB. determinedC. diversifiedD. misunderstd
24. A. directlyB. jintlyC. similarlyD. frmally
25. A. lseB. bjectiveC. basicD. strict
26. A. valuableB. marketableC. accessibleD. irresistible
27. A. appliesB. tiesC. addsD. draws
28. A. cntrlB. reduceC. maximizeD. restrict
29. A. cutB. bstC. financeD. balance
30. A. milderB. damperC. gentlerD. chillier
31. A. bradB. legalC. technicalD. medical
32. A. dataB. timeC. wealthD. leisure
33. A. penB. secretC. independentD. reliable
34. A. verblwnB. sharedC. easedD. dismissed
35. A. reluctantlyB. thrughlyC. vluntarilyD. adequately
_____
名校好题必测
【2022-2023学年上海市复旦附中高三上学期10月阶段评估英语试卷】
One f the suppsed benefits f being in a lng-term relatinship is the guarantee that thse invlved will nt be frced t spend time alne.
Advcates f marriage argue that living as a cuple r as a family helps t prevent situatins f lneliness and islatin, which can ___21___ lead t anxiety, depressin, and ther health prblems, especially in ld age.
This psychlgical curse, hwever, is in ___22___ with many spiritual leaders, philsphers, and artists wh praise the advantages f spending time alne. ___23___, sme f the mst celebrated thinkers and creatrs -- frm Wrdswrth (1770-1850, English pet) t Einstein and thers - praised the value f spending time away frm thers.
What if, instead f fcusing n the disadvantages f being lnely and by neself, the fcus was ___24___ the benefits f slitude?
Slitude, like lneliness, implies spending time alne. Yet, in direct cntrast t lneliness, slitude can ften be a psitive state f being that shuld be ___25___ rather than avided.
Instead f fcusing n the negative experiences f being alne, the study f slitude as a ___26___ reveals that a different apprach t this reality can prmte freedm, creativity, intimacy, spirituality, and therefre happiness.
___27___, slitude brings rewards t thse wh value it. Singles, then, particularly singles wh appreciate the value f spending time alne, can benefit greatly frm the relatinship circumstances that facilitate slitude that wuld be mre elusive (不常见的) fr individuals living with their partners.
In fact, bsting the happiness that singles can gain frm slitude is the idea that thse wh are single, r plainly single at heart, are mre likely t enjy and benefit frm slitude. Single at heart ___28___ a type f individual whse persnality and nature mean that they live the happiest, fullest, and mst authentic lives when they are nt in relatinships. Peple wh are single at heart thrive the mst frm slitude and self-sufficiency and are als mre likely t reap ___29___ rewards frm spending time by themselves.
Sme studies even pint ut hw being single and ____30____ can be beneficial. Fr example, in ____31____ psychlgical resurces available t married and never-married adults, an analysis indicates n significant differences in mental health between the study grups.
____32____, the study suggests that never-married individuals achieve a higher level f persnal mastery than their married cunterparts, particularly thse abve the age f frty. ____33____, thse wh had never married had clearer persnal visins and gals, exhibited higher levels f patience, and were mre prepared t view reality ____34____.
There is even evidence t suggest that singles, wh are mre accustmed t benefiting frm time spent alne, are capable f being their wn surces f cmfrt and security, thugh further research is required in rder t establish the ____35____ behind this phenmenn.
21. A. in turnB. fr sureC. at leastD. by accident
22. A. agreementB. cnflictC. cntactD. negtiatin
23. A. HpefullyB. RughlyC. HistricallyD. Spiritually
24. A. cmmitted tB. attributed tC. attached tD. shifted t
25. A. tackledB. sughtC. assumedD. depsited
26. A. subjectB. disciplineC. practiceD. cncept
27. A. AnywayB. LikewiseC. YetD. Indeed
28. A. refers tB. apprves fC. accunts frD. figures ut
29. A. physilgicalB. emtinalC. ecnmicD. physical
30. A. self-defensiveB. self-awareC. self-evidentD. self-sufficient
31. A. cmparingB. explitingC. distributingD. cnserving
32. A. NeverthelessB. MreverC. ThusD. Otherwise
33. A. Abve allB. Better stillC. In ther wrdsD. On the ther hand
34. A. sensitivelyB. keenlyC. deliberatelyD. bjectively
35. A. remediesB. mechanismsC. relatinsD. secrets
【上海奉贤区2022学年第一学期高三英语学科期中试卷】
Accrding t a survey cnducted by wenjuan.cm fr the China Yuth Daily, 71.0 percent f the 1,538 peple plled said they watched shrt vides n a____41____basis. 61.8 percent believed that lng-term viewing f shrt vides culd interfere with their nrmal scial interactins; and 65.2 percent suggested that vide platfrms step up in issuing regular____42____s that users culd take a break.
This appeal fr external aids t help____43____ the addictive habit hints at the crushing hld shrt vides have n the shiftless majrity— many f them are nt utterly ____44____ self-cntrl in ther circumstances.
Anther recent survey f juveniles fund 65.6 percent f them have watched shrt vides, and 20 percent f them just culdn’t stp watching.
Fr as yu click n thse seemingly____45____vides, yur life will be thrwn int a mindless spiral (螺旋)as we eagerly mve frm ne piece t the next, each lasting 20 t 30 secnds, and are shcked, amused, and utraged in rapid____46____.
Yu never have a chance t get____47____, fr yu are always curius abut what the next piece wuld be like,____48____mre. All that is needed is a slight twitching (抽动) f ne f yur fingers.
Respndents d believe sme vides culd be useful by teaching yu hw t ck, hw t apply make-up, practice wellness, r buy things. There was even an alleged (声称但未经证实的) telecm fraudster publicizing his____49____and daring the plice t catch him in Dubai, accrding t him.
It is shcking t realize that a published vide itself wuld have ____50____ acquired a degree f authenticity and enugh t prevent all intentins and the need fr checking, even____51____ such basic facts as authrship.
S it is natural that 36.7 percent f the respndents in the wenjuan.cm survey cited the issue f false and misleading cntent in shrt vides as an issue, and relevant authrities shuld have stepped in lng ag t____52____it.
Yes, juvenile-nly mdes have been____53____fr sme time, but it is s easy fr children t avid this.____54____ , there is an equal need fr a mechanism t prevent adults frm becming addicted, ntably by limiting the lime they are allwed t view the vides. Thus, when 37.0 percent f the respndents said that, as far as viewing habits are cncerned, parents shuld be a rle mdel t prevent the imitatin f juveniles. Maybe all parents shuld____55____their mbile phnes fr a mment f self-reflectin.
41. A. regularB. persnalC. scialD. satisfied
42. A. signalsB. innvatinC. alertsD. clues
43. A. kickB. develpC. fsterD. deprive
44. A. withB. underC. thrughD. withut
45. A. attractiveB. unharmfulC. meaningfulD. ppular
46. A. speedB. successinC. transitinD. mvement
47. A. thrilledB. hrrifiedC. bredD. delighted
48. A. expectingB. grwingC. addictingD. freseeing
49. A. cmpetenceB. identificatinC. enthusiasmD. willingness
50. A. autmaticallyB. cnsciuslyC. insanelyD. likely
51. A. ignringB. predictingC. meditatingD. regarding
52. A. representB. addressC. interfereD. stress
53. A. n scheduleB. ut f rderC. in placeD. in need
54. A. In factB. Fr exampleC. TherefreD. Instead
55. A. fcus nB. live withutC. give way tD. put aside
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