新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题13：阅读理解微技能之词义猜测（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题13：阅读理解微技能之词义猜测（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题13阅读理解微技能之词义猜测解析版doc、新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题13阅读理解微技能之词义猜测原题版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。

考点精讲
【思维导图】
【词义猜测题微技能】
1．单词或短语意义猜测
词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。具体技巧如下：
(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或r时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。
(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。
(5)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇文章中，根据原因可以预测结果；同样，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(6)根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词it，that，this，he，him 或them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。
【典例剖析1】
Rather unsurprisingly, a massive 77 percent f the peple surveyed admitted t being bsessed with regularly taking selfies. What was mre interesting, thugh, was the fact that an astnishing 82 percent f peple said that they wuld rather see ther selfies n scial media.Diefenbach calls this the “selfies paradx”: the idea that we like taking selfies but seriusly dislike lking at ther peple’s selfies nline.
41. What des the wrd “paradx”(paragraph 5) mean?
A. cmplicated statementsB. cntradictry statements
C. cnstructive statementsD. cmplimentary statements
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“the idea that we like taking selfies but seriusly dislike lking at ther peple’s selfies nline.”可知，我们喜欢自拍，但不喜欢在网上看别人的自拍，这两点是相互矛盾的，由此可知画线词词义为“相互矛盾的说法”，故B项正确。
【典例剖析2】
Take the mystery f migratin fr example. Scientists can’t really explain why many species f birds migrate in the autumn even thugh the temperature is still summery. The birds just seem t snub the cmfrtable weather that they are having. When a certain time cmes, they travel suth by the thusand. In spring time, they migrate nrthwards when thugh there prbably is snw still cvering the grund when they finally arrive. Smething said “g”, and they did.
37. The underlined wrd “snub” in the third paragraph prbably means ________.
A. fight B. ignre C. symblize D. criticize
[解析] 词句猜测题。根据上文Scientists can’t really explain why many species f birds migrate in the autumn even thugh the temperature is still summery.(科学家无法真正解释为什么许多鸟类在秋天迁徙，即使温度仍然是夏季。)可推断划线句The birds just seem t snub the cmfrtable weather that they are having．句意：鸟儿似乎在忽视它们所拥有的舒适的天气。结合下文When a certain time cmes, they travel suth by the thusand. ( 当某一时刻到来时，它们大批大批地向南旅行。)可知，候鸟不管天气如何，只要到了某个时间就会迁徙，因此推断划线词词义为“忽视”，与ignre意思相近。故答案为B。
【典例剖析3】
Nervus suspects lcked up in Britain's newest plice statin may feel relieved by a pleasant yellw clur n the dr. If they are clse t cnfessing a crime, the blue n the wall might tip the balance.
56. The expressin “tip the balance” in paragraph 1 prbably indicates that the blue might_________.
A. let suspects keep their balance.
B. make suspects cld and unfriendly in law curt.
C. help suspects t cnfess their crimes.
D. enable suspects t change their attitudes t clurs.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据Nervus suspects(嫌疑犯) lcked up in Britain's newest plice statin may feel relieved by a pleasant yellw clur n the dr. If they are clse t cnfessing a crime, the blue n the wall might tip the balance可知，黄色和蓝色是让人放松心情的颜色，所以在坦白罪行的时候能够缓解情绪，有利于罪行的交代，故选C。
【典例剖析4】
I guess that there’s prbably sme demanding wrk schedule, r scial anxiety arund stepping up t help fr an unknwn sprt. She may just need a little persuading. S I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad caching a team that his kids aren’t even n… At this pint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll d it.”
57. What des the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Encurage team wrk.B. Appeal t feelings.
C. Prmte gd deeds.D. Prvide advice.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据划线前句she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad caching a team that his kids aren’t even n ...可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。
2．句意猜测题
句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
具体技巧如下：
(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句子，首先要理解此句前后的语境，其次对其在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。
(2)一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，但是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达的。
【典例剖析1】
Breathtaking scenery and famus sights everywhere. Frm the legendary Island f Capri t the haunting ruins f Pmpeii ,and frm the unfrgettable “Amalfi Drive” t the delightful resrts f Psitan, Srrent and Ravell, the area is a feast fr the eyes! Shuld yu chse t jin us, we knw that yu will nt be disappinted!
62. The underlined part “the area is a feast fr the eyes” in the passage means __________.
A. the area is pleasing t the eye B. the area is really unfrgettable
C. the area catches the turists’ eye D. the area is crwded with turists
[解析] 句子理解题。根据这一段中“Breathtaking scenery and famus sights everywhere .可猜测出the area is a feast fr the eyes的意思是“这个地方非常令人赏心悦目，故选A。
【典例剖析2】
Lndn reslved t live a full， exciting life．He nce said，"I wuld rather be a superb meter（流星）， every atm f me in magnificent glw，than a sleepy and permanent planet．" Each day，he pushed himself． Once Lndn determined that he was ging t be a writer，nthing culd stp him．His gal was t write at least ne thusand wrds every day．He refused t stp even when he was sick．In eighteen years，the writer published fifty﹣ne bks and hundreds f articles．He was the best﹣selling and highest﹣paid authr f his day．Many peple als cnsidered him t be the best writer．White Fang and The Call f the Wild are his mst famus stries and are abut surviving in the Alaskan wilderness．Readers can enjy Jack Lndn's energy and his talent fr telling wnderful stries each time they pen ne f his nvels．
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that Jack Lndn ．
A．is expert at universe． B． aims high and strive t succeed．
C．is excited abut life if the wildness．D． face a chice between life and death．
[解析] 句子理解。根据最后一段 He nce said， "I wuld rather be a superb meter（流星）， every atm f me in magnificent glw， than a sleepy and permanent planet．" Each day， he pushed himself．他曾说："我宁愿成为一颗卓越的流星，我的每一个原子都在灿烂的光辉中，也不愿成为一个沉睡的、永恒的行星．"每天，他都在鞭策自己．可知暗示Jack Lndn要制定高远目标奋斗到成功，故选B．
_____
真题演练

[方法1] 根据上下文语境进行猜测
猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以可借助上下文对需要猜测的词、短语或句子进行合乎逻辑的推测。
【典例1】Salvadr Dali (1904～1989) was ne f the mst ppular f mdern artists.The Pmpidu Centre in Paris is shwing its respect and admiratin fr the artist and his pwerful persnality with an exhibitin bringing tgether ver 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and mre.Amng the wrks and masterwrks n exhibitin the visitr will find the best pieces, mst imprtantly The Persistence f Memry.There is als L'Enigme sans Fin frm 1938, wrks n paper, bjects, and prjects fr stage and screen and selected parts frm televisin prgrammes reflecting the artist's shwman qualities.
The visitr will enter the Wrld f Dali thrugh an egg and is met with the beginning, the wrld f birth.The exhibitin fllws a path f time and subject with the visitr exiting thrugh the brain.
The exhibitin shws hw Dali draws the viewer between tw infinities(无限),“Frm the infinity small t the infinity large，cntractin and expansin cming in and ut f fcus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the shwy Barque f ld painting that he used in his museum－theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pmpidu Centre.
The fine selectin f the majr wrks was dne in clse cllabratin (合作) with the Muse Nacinal Reina Sfia in Madrid，Spain，and with cntributins frm ther institutins like the Salvadr Dali Museum in St.Petersburg, Flrida.
What des the wrd “cntributins” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Artwrks. B．Prjects. C．Dnatins. D．Dcuments.
[解析] 根据最后一段可知，多家博物馆通力合作，共同精选展出作品。文中提到像西班牙马德里的博物馆和圣彼德斯堡的博物馆这样的机构也提供萨尔瓦多·达利的作品参加展览。由此推测，cntributins指“作品”。
[答案] A
[方法2] 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
英语文章中的代词ne，it，that，them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。
【典例2】Yu may nt have heard f Ashka，but fr the past 27 years，this assciatin，funded by Bill Draytn，has fught pverty and sickness，prmted educatin and encuraged small businesses.T supprt these wrthy causes，Ashka prvides mney fr the wrld's mst prmising “changemakers” seeking t slve urgent prblems and wuld like t create a wrld in which every citizen is a changemaker.
Draytn believes that anyne can becme an agent fr change.The imprtant thing is t simply give yurself permissin.If yu see a prblem that yu care abut，yu can help slve it.The yung in particular are willing t accept this cncept because at heart every child wants t grw int a happy，healthy，cntributing adult.In fact，it is many yung peple's ambitin t set up prgrammes r businesses that imprve scial cnditins.An excellent example is an Ashka prject started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish prblem facing the city，helped lcal farmers and prvided an incme fr pr peple there.
When Masqsd and Iftekhar began t study the prblem f all the uncllected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets，attracting rats and disease，they discvered that 80% f it was natural waste.S they educated the pr peple in the city t cmpst (把……制成堆肥) this waste.They knew that they wuld have a market fr the end prduct because lcal farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the sil ver the years.At first，they were refused，but nce they were able t persuade them that there was mney t be made，the prject tk ff.In 2009 sales were $14,000.
Draytn is ptimistic that in ten years Ashka will be making really serius，practical prgress in bringing abut scial change by changing the way we lk at ecnmic develpment.
The underlined wrd “them” in Paragraph 3 prbably refers t“ ________”．
A．the lcal farmers B．Masqsd and Iftekhar
C．Draytn and his team D．the pr peple in the city
[解析] 考查代词指代。在1995年，Masqsd和Iftekhar教城里的穷人把垃圾制成堆肥，因为他们认为这些化肥会有市场。起初他们遭到了拒绝，但是当他们使这些人信服这样做有钱可赚时，这一项目得以实施。故画线的them指代“the pr peple in the city”。
[答案] D
[方法3] 根据同义或类比关系进行猜测
当词语被并列连词and，r as well as所连接或词语之间有just as，like，similarly等时，前后的两项内容在含义上是接近的或相近的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词或短语所表达的意义。
【典例3】 [1]．..[2]．..
[3]Smething else，hwever，has been n the rise.While GM seeds are expensive，GM cmpanies tell farmers that they will make gd prfits by saving mney n pesticides (杀虫剂)．On the cntrary，US gvernment data shw that GM crps in the US have prduced an verall increase in pesticide use cmpared t traditinal crps.“The prmise was that yu culd use less chemicals and bst prductin.But neither is true,” said Bill Christisn, President f the US Natinal Family Farm Calitin.
...
[解析] 联系上下文及bst所在句子的意思可知，其承诺是你能够使用很少的化学物质并且可以提高产量，本题的关键词为and。
[答案] D
[方法4] 根据定义或解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。此类由定义或解释来猜测词义的方法很多：①表示定义关系的常见信息词有be，mean，represent，be called/named，be cnsidered，be defined as(被定义为)，be knwn as，refer t等；②表示同位关系的常见信息词有that is，that is t say，in ther wrds，namely，r rather(精确地说)等；③有些生词会以破折号、括号、逗号、冒号等暗示读者，解释说明前面的词。
【典例4】 [1]．..
[2]D yu knw what a “territry” is? A territry is an area that an animal，usually the male，claims as its wn.Only he and his family are welcme there.N ther families f the same species are welcme.Yur yard and huse are yur territry where nly yur family and friends are welcme.If a stranger shuld enter yur territry and threaten yu，yu might shut.Prbably this wuld be enugh t frighten him away.
...
What is a bird's “territry”？
A．A place where families f ther species are nt accepted.
B．A place where a bird may shut at the tp f its vice.
C．An area fr which birds fight against each ther.
D．An area which a bird cnsiders t be its wn.
[解析] 文章第二段首先提出什么是“territry”，紧跟着就是对“territry”的解释，由定义可推知，这里“territry”指的是“鸟类的地盘”。
[答案] D
[方法5] 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
在一个句子或段落中，有时会出现对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述，考生可以利用这种关系猜词悟义。表示对比关系的词语主要有hwever，but，instead，despite，unlike，yet，while，whereas(反之，而，却)，rather than，instead f，in spite f，n the cntrary，n the ther hand，in cntrast等。
【典例5】 There was a gardener wh lked after his garden with great care.T water his flwers，he used tw buckets.One was a shiny and new bucket.The ther was a very ld and dilapidated ne，which had seen many years f service，but was nw past its best.
What des the underlined wrd “dilapidated” prbably mean?
A．Dirty. B．Dark.
C．Wrn－ut. D．Plain－lking.
[解析] 由“ ther...”结构可知，“ld and dilapidated”对应前面的“shiny and new”。由此可判断dilapidated的意思应与shiny and new相反，即wrn－ut。
[答案] C
[方法6] 根据举例进行猜测
在一些阅读材料中，为了阐明某一种重要观点或者讲清楚某一抽象概念，作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点或概念进行具体的说明和解释，从而使读者理解得更具体些，而这些例子恰好为猜测词义提供了重要线索。表示列举关系的信息词有like，fr example，fr instance，such as，include等。
【典例6】 his bk，he had challenged readers t make deep cuts in persnal emissins t keep the wrld frm reaching extremely imprtant tipping pints，such as the melting f the ice sheets in Greenland r West Antarctica...
The underlined wrds “tipping pints” mst prbably refer t “ ________”．
A．freezing pints B．burning pints
C．melting pints D．biling pints
[解析] 本题要求猜测tipping pints的意思，根据下文的例子“such as the melting(融化)f the ice sheets in Greenland r West Antarctica”可知，tipping pints的意思为“融化点”，与C项同义。
[答案] C
[方法7] 根据因果关系进行猜测
在有些文章或段落中，两种现象或两个事物之间可能会构成因果关系，可以利用这种关系来猜测词义。
【典例7】 [1]．..
[2]Of curse，the gd f xen is nt limited t plwing.In fact，they are seen as “ bats n land” fr their ability t carry lads.Besides，the whle bdy f an x is full f treasures.Their meat and milk are fd full f nutritin，and their skin can be used t make clthes and shes.With all these qualities，xen are regarded as generus creatures.
...
The wrds “bats n land” underlined in Paragraph 2 refer t ________.
A．animals fr taking gds B．creatures fr pulling plws
C．treasures f the flk culture D．tls in the farming ecnmy
[解析] 画线部分后的fr their ability t carry lads是对前面的解释说明，由此可以很轻松地得到结果：牛被看作“陆地之舟”，是一种运输货物的动物。
[答案] A
[方法8] 根据构词法进行猜测
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unfreseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fre, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fre是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unfreseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
1．根据前缀猜测词义
例如：D yu have any strng pinin n c-educatinal r single-sex schls?
根据词根educatinal （教育的），结合前缀c-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出c-educatinal的意思是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。
2．根据后缀猜测词义
例如：It's a quiet, cmfrtable htel verlking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncmmercialized Crnish fishing village n England's mst sutherly pint．
后缀 -ise/ize意思是＂使成为…；使…化＂，结合词根cmmercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncmmercialized 的意思是：＂未被商业化的＂。
3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如：Gd tl design is imprtant in the preventin f veruse injuries. Well-designed tls and equipment will require less frce t perate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand psitins.
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是＂设计精巧的＂意思。
We live in a technlgical sciety where mst gds are mass-prduced by unskilled labr. Because f this, mst peple that craft (手艺) n lnger exists.
根据合成词中的mass（大量的）和prduce（生产），我们可以推测 mass-prduce的意思是：＂大批量生产；规模生产＂的意思。
【例】
…Baker cncludes that peple d nt have the ability t sense when they’re being stared at. If peple dubt the utcme f his tw experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see fr themselves.” …
70. The underlined wrd “utcme” in the last paragraph mst prbably means ________________.
A. value B. result
C. perfrmance D. cnnectin
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组cme ut 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
词汇拓展
1.合成法
man-made handwriting
greenhuse
all-rund typewriter
breakthrughhigh-class
blacklist ne-way
English-speaking
2.派生法
A.否定前缀
un-（不）unimprtantin-/im-/ir-/il-（不）impssible
dis-（不）dislikemis-（不）misunderstand
B.其他前缀
re-（再）rebuildinter-（互）interchange
pre-（前）preschlanti-（反）antifreeze
nn-（否）nnprfit
C.名词后缀
-er（人）teacher-er（物）cker
-ician（人）physician
D.形容词后缀
-able（能）eatable-less（否）hmeless
E.动词后缀
-en（使）widen-fy（使）satisfy
-ize（使）mdernize
英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)和词尾(后缀)所组成的。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义或改变词性。掌握前缀、后缀规律有助于理解词义。如un－，im－，in－，dis－，il－等前缀与－less等后缀可构成反义词，后缀－ful，－ly，－ism，－ness等可改变词性。
_____
好题必测
2022年6月新高考I卷C篇
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D.
【答案】 C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
2022年6月新高考II卷B篇
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
4. What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prvided shelter fr me.B. Became very clear t me.
C. Tk the pressure ff me.D. Wrked quite well n me.
【答案】 B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
2022年1月浙江卷A篇
Fr nearly a decade nw,Merebeth has been a self-emplyed pet transprt specialist. Her pet transprt jb was brn f the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s．The dwnturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she had wrked fr ten years as an ffice manager.The firm went brke and left her lking fr a new jb.One day,while driving near her hme,she saw a dg wandering n the rad, clearly lst. She tk it hme,and her sister in Denver agreed t take it. This was a lving hme fr sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take lng fr Merebeth t decide t drive the dg there herself. It was her first rad trip t her new jb.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana,Washingtn and Oregn,she says prudly.If she wants t visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transprt needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven thrugh 55 mph winds in Wyming , heavy flding and strms in Alabama and ttal whiteut cnditins in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited frm her father,she says.He mved their family frm Canada t Califrnia when she was ne year ld,because he wanted them t explre a new place tgether. As sn as she graduated frm high schl she left hme t live n Catalina Island ff the Califrnian cast,away frm her parents,where she enjyed a life f sailing and ff-rad biking.
It turns ut that pet transprting pays quite well at abut $30,000 per year befre tax.She desn't wrk in summer, as it wuld be unpleasantly ht fr the animals in the car, even with air cnditining.As autumn cmes,she gets restless the same ld wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle alne,thugh.Merebeth says,"When I'm n the rad, I'm just in my wn wrld. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strngly that I must help animals."
The wrd “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire t_?
A.make mney. B.try varius jbs.
C.be clse t nature. D.travel t different places.
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第一段It has taken her t every state in the US except Mntana, Washingtn and Oregn, she says prudly. 意思为：她很骄傲的说,这个工作带她到了全美国除蒙大拿,华盛顿,俄勒冈以外的所有的州。可知，她很喜欢到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This wanderlust is inherited frm her father, she says. He mved their family frm Canada t Califrnia when she was ne year ld, because he wanted them t explre a new place tgether. 遗传自她的父亲也喜欢探索新地方。故答案选D。
2021年6月北京卷
The call fr public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this mment f still-uncntrlled pandemic and ecnmic crises in the wrld's mst technlgically advanced natins. Nt very lng ag, it was als unthinkable that a virus wuld shut dwn natins and that safety nets wuld be prven s disastrusly lacking in flexibility.
The internatinal schlars' warning letter desn't say exactly what cllapse will lk like r when it might happen. Cllapselgy, the study f cllapse, is mre cncerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers f everyday civilizatin. Amng the signatries（签署者）f the warning was Bb Jhnsn, the riginatr f the "eclgical ftprint" cncept, which measures the ttal amunt f envirnmental input needed t maintain a given lifestyle. With the current ftprint f humanity, "it seems that glbal cllapse is certain t happen in sme frm, pssibly within a decade, certainly within this century, " Jhnsn said in an email.
What des the underlined wrd "germane" in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.Scientific. B.Credible. C.Original. D.Relevant.
【解析】本文介绍了在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。作者同时也表达了对全球崩溃的认识的担忧。词义猜测题。根据原文第三段 "The call fr public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this mment f still-uncntrlled pandemic and ecnmic crises in the wrld's mst technlgically advanced natins."在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。可知第3段中带下划线的单词"germane"可能是 "相关的" 意思。A.scientific科学的；B.credible可信的；C.riginal原件的；D.relevant相关的。故选D。
2021年6月新高考2卷B篇
I have wrked as a keeper at the Natinal Z, Paris fr 11 years. Spt and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been brn here. Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn't make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme.
I've gt tw children—the yunger ne, Kynan, was extremely happy abut the tigers arriving - but all f us really lked frward t being part f their lives and watching them grw. I wasn't wrried abut bringing them int my hme with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed abut 2.5 kg and were s small that there was abslutely n risk.
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs.
When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren't there.
I'm nt sad abut it. I'm hands-n with them every day at the z, and I d lk back very fndly n the time that we had them.
What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lse their way. C. Sleep sundly. D. Miss their mm.
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
_____
题型组合练
1.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处最佳项。选项中有两处为多余选项。
The China State Cuncil issued a dcument in early August, suggesting emplyers acrss the cuntry make flexible wrking arrangements and give their wrkers Friday afternns ff during ht summer days in rder t bst turism and cnsumptin.
Online surveys have shwn that mst crrespndents are in favr f the State Cuncil’s prpsal fr lnger weekends, as tw and a half days are enugh even fr ne t plan a shrt jurney. Peple will have mre time t be tgether with their families. ____36____
Hwever, there are dubts as t whether this well-intentined initiative can be put int practice. ____37____ While the regular tw-day weekend is still a dream fr a large number f wrking peple in varius industries, a tw-and-half-day weekend is really a luxury many peple can barely affrd.
____38____ If staff wrkers f gvernment departments and public institutins n lnger wrk n Friday afternns, lcal residents will have nwhere t g if they have urgent issues t slve thrugh these establishments.
Obviusly, the nly way ut is t implement plicies cncerning paid annual leave in a realistic manner s that the wrking peple can make arrangements fr their days ff wrk. As a result, hlidaymakers dn’t need t all rush t the same scenic spts during the same perid f time, which wuld be beneficial t the prtectin and peratin f these spts. ____39____ Thus it serves the initial purpse f bsting ecnmic grwth thrugh develping turism.
____40____ The gvernment is suppsed t pay mre attentin t the prtectin f labr rights and emply all pssible means t ensure their hlidays as well as the functins f gvernment institutins, instead f just making ecnmically mtivated plicies.
A. Als, this is an effective way t increase cnsumer spending.
B. The right f wrkers t rest and paid annual leave are prtected under the law.
C. A larger number f wrkers, if nt all, will benefit frm fficial hliday arrangements.
D. Mst peple think that they will actually nt be able t enjy the benefits f such a scheme.
E. After rest and relaxatin, emplyees will becme mre energetic when they cme back t wrk.
F. Anther wrry is that this measure will finally be exclusively (专有地) enjyed by a limited number f emplyees.
G. As lng as paid annual leave remains unrealistic in mst industrial sectrs, the tw-and-half-day weekend seems pintless.
【答案】36. E 37. D 38. F 39. A 40. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。国务院办公厅鼓励依法优化调整夏季作息安排，为职工周五下午与周末结合外出休闲度假创造有利条件。在稳定全国统一的既有节假日前提下，各单位和企业可根据自身实际情况，将带薪休假与本地传统节日、地方特色活动相结合，安排错峰休假。
【详解】1. 根据空前“Peple will have mre time t be tgether with their families. ”（人们将有更多的时间和家人在一起）可知，享受更长的周末，员工可以和家人在一起休息，再回到岗位能够更有活力。故E 项“After rest and relaxatin, emplyees will becme mre energetic when they cme back t wrk.”（经过休息和放松，当员工回到工作岗位时，他们会变得更有活力）符合语境。故选E。
2. 根据空前“Hwever, there are dubts as t whether this well-intentined initiative can be put int practice.”（然而，有人怀疑这一善意的倡议是否能付诸实践）可知，人们对此项政策能够实施产生疑虑，担心无法受益。故D项“Mst peple think that they will actually nt be able t enjy the benefits f such a scheme.”（大多数人认为他们实际上无法享受到这样一个计划带来的好处）符合语境，呼应dubts。故选D。
3. 根据空后“ If staff wrkers f gvernment departments and public institutins n lnger wrk n Friday afternns, lcal residents will have nwhere t g if they have urgent issues t slve thrugh these establishments.”（如果政府部门和事业单位的工作人员在周五下午不上班，当地居民如果有紧急问题需要通过这些机构解决，就无处可去了）可知，另外一个担心是政府机关周五下午放假导致紧急公共服务缺失。F项“Anther wrry is that this measure will finally be exclusively (专有地) enjyed by a limited number f emplyees.”（另一个担忧是，这一措施最终将只适用于有限数量的员工）符合语境。故选F。
4. 根据空前“Obviusly, the nly way ut is t implement plicies cncerning paid annual leave in a realistic manner s that the wrking peple can make arrangements fr their days ff wrk. As a result, hlidaymakers dn’t need t all rush t the same scenic spts during the same perid f time, which wuld be beneficial t the prtectin and peratin f these spts. ”（显然，唯一的出路是切实执行带薪年假政策，让劳动人民可以安排他们的休息日。这样一来，度假者就不需要在同一时间段都赶往同一景点，这将有利于这些景点的保护和运营）可知，建议改进以保障政策实施到位，由此推知，下面要进一步指出这样做的优点。A项“Als, this is an effective way t increase cnsumer spending.”（此外，这也是增加消费支出的有效方式） 符合语境。故选A。
5. 根据空后“ The gvernment is suppsed t pay mre attentin t the prtectin f labr rights and emply all pssible means t ensure their hlidays as well as the functins f gvernment institutins, instead f just making ecnmically mtivated plicies.”（政府应该更加关注劳工权利的保护，采取一切可能的手段来确保他们的假期以及政府机构的功能，而不是仅仅制定经济驱动的政策）可知，总结使带薪年休实施到位的重要性。除非政府保护否则两天半的周末没有意义。G项“As lng as paid annual leave remains unrealistic in mst industrial sectrs, the tw-and-half-day weekend seems pintless.”（只要带薪年假在大多数工业部门仍然不现实，两天半的周末似乎就没有意义）符合语境。故选G。
2.【2023届安徽省江淮十所名校高三第一次联考】
A cntact lens (隐形眼镜) that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by scientists wh say it culd help treat glaucma.
Glaucma is an eye disease that invlves damage t the ptic nerve, and can lead t blindness if nt treated. Accrding t the charity Glaucma UK, the mst cmmn frm f the disease, knwn as primary pen angle glaucma, is thught t affect almst 10% f peple lder than 75. This frm is generally caused by increased pressure within the eye, usually as a result f a buildup f fluid.
Researchers in China revealed they have develped a cntact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucma drug if the pressure transcends a certain level.
Writing in the jurnal Nature Cmmunicatins, the team describe hw they created the device using an upper and lwer lens, with a snwflake-shaped pressure sensr and wireless pwer transfer device sandwiched between them arund the rim f the lenses. When the pressure inside the eye increases, the gap between the upper and lwer lenses decreases. This is detected by the pressure sensr by means f a cantilever. The sensr then sends a signal t the wireless system which subsequently triggers the release f an anti-glaucma drug, frm a hydrgel attached t an electrde, and enables it t crss the crnea f the eye. The drug, brimnidine, acts t reduce the pressure within the eye.
The study reveals that the cntact lenses have s far been tested n pigs’ eyes and n the eyes f living rabbits—albeit with smaller-sized lenses—althugh trials have yet t be carried ut in humans. The researchers nte the lenses are nt nly sft and minimally invasive but are als battery-free, adding that the apprach culd be expanded t help tackle ther eye diseases.
Prf Zubair Ahmed frm the Institute f Inflammatin and Ageing at the University f Birmingham, wh was nt invlved in the wrk, said the research was ptentially very exciting, adding that a rise in pressure within the eye was a significant prblem fr mst peple with glaucma. “The materials required t create such cntact lenses are inexpensive and sn culd be mass-prduced.” he added.
12. Wh can prbably get help frm the cntact lens?
A. Thse wh are blind.B. Thse wh have glaucma.
C. Thse wh are lder than 75.D. Thse wh are under heavy pressure.
13. Which f the fllwing wrds can replace the underlined wrd “transcends” in paragraph 3?
A. Exceeds.B. Maintains.C. Lwers.D. Balances.
14. Hw did the team create the device?
A. By crssing the crnea f the eye and then sending a signal.
B. By enlarging the gap between the upper and lwer lenses.
C. By using brimnidine t increase the pressure within the eye.
D. By emplying pressure sensr and wireless pwer transfer device.
15. What can we learn abut the cntact lenses?
A. They are safe but t cstly.B. They have been tested n humans.
C. They will be put n the market sn.D. They need t be used with battery pwer.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款由中国科学家研发的新型隐形眼镜，可实时监测眼压辅助治疗青光眼。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A cntact lens that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by scientists wh say it culd help treat glaucma.(科学家发明了一种隐形眼镜，如果它检测到眼睛内高压，就会释放药物。科学家称这种隐形眼镜有助于治疗青光眼。)”可知，科学家认为这种隐性眼镜可辅助治疗青光眼，所以受众群体为青光眼患者，故选B项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Researchers in China revealed they have develped a cntact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucma drug shuld the pressure transcend a certain level.(中国的研究人员透露，他们已经开发出一种隐形眼镜，可以感知眼睛内的压力增加，如果压力transcend一定水平，就会释放一种抗青光眼药物。)”可知，这款隐形眼镜可以感知眼压的升高，并在压力超过一定水平时释放抗青光眼药物。“increase”是提示词，可猜测transcend为超过的含义，“exceed”意为“超过”，故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“…using an upper and lwer lens，with a snwflake-shaped pressure sensr and wireless pwer transfer device sandwiched between them arund the rim f the lenses.( 该团队在《自然通讯》杂志上发表文章，描述了他们是如何使用上下透镜创造出这种设备的，在透镜的边缘，有一个雪花形状的压力传感器和无线能量传输装置夹在它们之间。)”可知，研发团队在上下两块镜片之间的边缘夹着雪花状压力传感器和无线电力传输装置，故选D项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The materials required t create such cntact lenses are inexpensive and sn culd be mass-prduced (制造这种隐形眼镜所需的材料很便宜，很快就可以批量生产。)”可知，这款隐形眼镜很快就能大规模生产投人市场了，故选C项。
3.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last week, I tk a small bat and rwed miles alng a little river in the middle f New Yrk’s Adirndack Muntains ___41___(escape) the maddening nise in the city.
One f the rewards fr this remte trip was the ttal peace in the muntains. Here, I was cmpletely alne. There was nt anther sul ___42___ sight. N cars, n signals t draw me tward my phne.
I rwed thrugh little pnds ___43___ (surrund) by grass and red berries n the shres. T g deeper int the wild, I made my way thrugh a chain f rcky rapids (急流). As I rwed alng I saw a yellw maple leaf pressed against a rck by the current.
When it was impssible fr ___44___(I) t rw my bat, I tied it t my waist and pulled it behind me, w with my pants rlled t my ___45___(knee). T my delight, I fund that the water still held sme f the warmth summer.
Sn after I reached a stretch f rapids___46___ were t vilent t get thrugh, I was frced t carry my little bat n my shulders.___47___(walk) alng a trail in the shadwy frest, I saw___48___(variety) plants that have started t turn reddish. When the river slwed dwn again, I put dwn my bat and rwed n. On ___49___ (arrive) at the end f the little river, I was extremely tired ____50____ I felt really happy and cmplete relaxed.
【答案】41. t escape 42. in##within 43. surrunded 44. me 45. knees
46. that##which 47. Walking 48. varius 49. arrival 50. but
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在Adirndack Muntains划船的经历。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：上周，我乘坐了一条小船，沿着纽约阿迪朗达克山脉中间的一条小河划了数英里，以逃离城市里令人发狂的噪音。分析该句成分可知，此处用所给动词的不定式作目的状语。故填t escape。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：眼前一个人影也没有。in/within sight意为“在视野范围内”，为固定短语。故填in/within。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我划船穿过小池塘，池塘的岸边长满了草和红色的浆果。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处作后置定语，修饰pnds。而目surrund与pnds之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词surrunded。
【44题详解】
考查代词。句意：当我划不动船的时候，我就把它系在腰上，拉在身后，裤子卷到膝盖上。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处作介词fr的宾语，所以用所给代词的宾格形式。故填me。
【45题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：当我划不动船的时候，我就把它系在腰上，拉在身后，裤子卷到膝盖上。根据常识可知，作者会把两条裤腿都卷起来，所以此处用所给名词的复数。故填knees。
【46题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在我到达一段急流后不久，我被迫把我的小船扛在肩上。分析该句成分可知，该句是一个限定性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为rapids，所以用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在阴暗的森林里，我沿着一条小路走着，看到各种各样的植物开始变红了。分析该句结构可知，所填词与逻辑主语I存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用所给动词的现在分词形式，作状语。故填Walking。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在阴暗的森林里，我沿着一条小路走着，看到各种各样的植物开始变红了。根据空后的名词可知，此处需用所给名词的形容词形式。故填varius。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意：当我到达小河的尽头时，我非常累，但我感到非常高兴和彻底的放松。n/upn +名词，表示“一……就……”。故填arrival。
【50题详解】
考查连词。句意：当我到达小河的尽头时，我非常累，但我感到非常高兴和彻底的放松。根据句意可知，该空用连词but表示转折关系。注意：这里不能用yet，因为空前没有逗号等分隔符。故填but。