新高考英语二轮复习大题突破+限时集训专题03 阅读理解说明文（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

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说明文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅谈理解中的CD篇，主要分为两种类型：实验研究和介绍说明型。说明文是对事物的形状，性质，特征，成果或公用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章，把我所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键，说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法，解释法，比较法，比喻法，数字法，图标法，引用法和距离法等。说明文的特点是客观、简洁、准确、清晰，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、结构、形成原因、功能；了解事物的意义和特征等。
Teenagers arund the wrld are familiar with the great pain f bredm. And every parent is familiar with the sunds f graning (咕哝的) kids, sulking (生闷气) in their rm r pacing aimlessly arund the huse. But smetimes, it’s this very sense f bredm that can inspire creativity and create fast-grwing trends.
This is true fr pickleball (匹克球), nw a ppular sprt in the West. Accrding t the Mental Flss website, the sprt was invented in the summer f 1965. At that time, Frank Pritchard, 13, had nthing t d in his family’s summer hme in Washingtn, US. After cmplaining ludly, his father, Jel, suggested he make up a game. When Frank replied “Why dn’t yu?” his father gladly tk up the challenge. Thus, pickleball was brn.
Certain parts f tennis, badmintn and ping-png can be seen frm pickleball. It’s a bat game played n a badmintn-sized curt with what lks like a wiffle ball (威浮球) ver a lw net. Only the serving team can scre pints, and all serves must be made with an underhand strke (击球).
The ppularity f pickleball has grwn steadily ver the last decade. Accrding t Mental Flss, the number f pickleball curts has grwn by an estimated 385 percent wrldwide since 2010. One reasn fr its ppularity is that it’s “a sprt fr everyne”. Anyne can play pickleball because it’s relatively easy t pick up. There are simple rules, and all peple need is a cuple f bats and a ball, which is affrdable and accessible t all. Plus, pickleball is a sprt centered arund fun and friendship. The game lasts as shrt as 15 minutes, which means less running and stress fr players.
Pritchard said that the game’s rapid rise in ppularity was amazing, especially cnsidering that a bad-tempered kid “inspired a sprts craze by making a stink (吵闹) abut being bred ne afternn 56 years ag”.
1．What d we knw abut pickleball, accrding t the passage?
A．It was invented accidentally by a yung by.
B．It is a game suitable fr family gatherings.
C．It cmbines elements frm several ball games.
D．The game’s judges cme frm a serving team.
2．What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?
A．Why pickleball has becme s well received.
B．What equipment pickleball players need.
C．Hw significant pickleball is t the wrld.
D．What rules must be beyed in pickleball.
3．What did Pritchard think f the ppularity f pickleball?
A．Unexpected.B．Reasnable.C．Natural.D．Awkward.
4．Why des the authr write the passage?
A．T advise us t jin in sprts games.
B．T teach us hw t play pickleball.
C．T tell us the birth f a sprts game.
D．T mtivate us t fllw new trends.
说明文阅读理解主要考查以下题型：
一、主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料或所读材料片断）中心思想的概括，做这类题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达中心思想，其他句子均围绕主题句进行展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句，第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但位于段落中间（通常是第一段或最后一段的中间）也是完全可能的，主旨大意题的考查形式很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。
二、事实细节题
顾名思义，事实细节题即对文章的某个事实或细节而设置的试题，事实细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查，也可能是将文章中的几个细节放在一起要求考生判断是非（选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比校从而确定答案（此时要特别注意一些常见的同义装换或简单换算）。
三、代词指代题
这类题要求考生根据一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义，它主要考查考生在一定语境中对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解。做这类题时，考生不仅要读懂相关句子的句意，理顺相关句子的逻辑关系，而且还要学会合理变通，尤其要学会变通理解其中的同义表达。
四、词义猜测题
即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义，它是高考英语阅读理解中的一个难点，同学们应引起充分重视。猜测生词词义的方法很多，常用的有同义解释法、因果推断法、前后对比法，基本构词法，语境理解法，举例说明法，常识背景法、类属分析法等。
（一）、In the endless sky, the unaided human eye shuld be able t perceive several thusand stars n a clear, dark night. Unfrtunately, grwing light pllutin has disabled peple frm the nightly view.
New citizen-science-based research thrws alarming light n the prblem f “sky glw”—the diffuse illuminatin(漫射照明) f the night sky that is a frm f light pllutin. The data came frm crwd-surced bservatins cllected frm arund the wrld as part f Glbe at Night, a prgram develped by astrnmer Cnnie Walker.
Light pllutin has harmful effects n the practice f astrnmy but als n human health and wildlife, since it disturbs the cycle frm sunlight t starlight that bilgical systems have evlved alngside. Furthermre, the lss f visible stars is a great lss f human cultural heritage. Until relatively recently, humans thrughut histry had an impressive view f the starry night sky, and the effect f this nightly spectacle(壮观) is evident in ancient cultures.
Glbe at Night has been gathering data n star visibility since 2006. Anyne can submit bservatins thrugh the Glbe at Night web applicatin. Participants recrd which ne best matches what they can see in the sky withut any telescpes r ther instruments.
Researchers find that the lss f visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness f 9. 6% per year while rughly 2% is measured by satellites. Existing satellites are nt well suited t measuring sky glw as it appears t humans, because they can nt detect wavelengths shrter than 500 nanmeters(纳米). White LEDs, with shrter wavelengths under 500 nanmeters, nw are increasingly cmmnly used in utdr lighting. But human eyes are mre sensitive t these shrter wavelengths at nighttime. Space-based instruments d nt measure light frm windws, either. But these surces are significant cntributrs t sky glw us seen frm the grund.
“The increase in sky glw ver the past decade underlines the imprtance f redubling ur effrts and develping new strategies t prtect dark skies,” said Walker. “The Glbe at Night dataset is necessary in ur nging evaluatin f changes in sky glw, and we encurage whever can t get invlved t help prtect the starry night sky.”
1．What is a purpse f Glbe at Night?
A．T develp new light surces.B．T cllect data n star visibility.
C．T help astrnmers explre space.D．T ppularize science amng citizens.
2．What des the lss f visible stars lead t?
A．Prer human health.B．Fewer wildlife species.
C．Mre delicate bilgical systems.D．Less nightly culture elements f the sky.
3．What des the authr stress in paragraph 5?
A．Satellites play a vital rle.B．White LEDs are widely used.
C．Crwd-surced data are invaluable.D．Shrter wavelengths are hard t detect.
4．What can be inferred frm Walker’s wrds?
A．Their cnsistent effrts pay ff.B．The dataset needs t be updated.
C．Mre participants are expected t jin in.D．The sky glw has been ver—emphasized.
（二）、There’ve been plenty f Tky 2020 headlines abut Hend Zaza, the Syrian table tennis genius wh, at 12 years ld, is ne f the yungest Olympians f all time.
But there are sme striking persnal stries n the ther side f the age spectrum (年龄谱), t.
Oksana Chusvitina, a 46-year-ld gymnast frm Uzbekistan, impressively cmpeted in her eighth Olympic Games this summer. Chusvitina, wh cmpeted in a sprt dminated by teenage athletes, received a standing vatin (鼓掌欢呼) after perfrming in what she said wuld be her last Olympics. “I feel very gd t be here. But this will fr sure be my last Olympics, she tld reprters. “I’m 46 years ld. Nthing is ging t change that. I’m alive, I’m happy, I’m here withut any injuries, and I can stand n my wn,” she added with a laugh.
Then there’s Australian equestrian (马术师) Mary Hanna, wh at age 66 is the secnd-ldest female athlete in Olympic histry and the ldest Olympian cmpeting in Tky.
“Thrugh their effrts, Hanna and Chusvitina are changing the cnversatin arund age and agility. They’re prf that yu can cmpete r put yurself up t a physical challenge way past what is cnsidered yur peak,” said Michael Stnes, a prfessr at Lakehead University in Ontari, Canada, wh researches healthy aging and physical perfrmance. “It’s great that this year’s Olympics include s many yunger and lder athletes,” he tld HuffPst. “They shw that age alne is nt an insurmuntable (不可克服的) barrier t excellence in physical activities.”
These Olympians als lend the games sme experience and maturity, especially in team sprts, said Sandra Hunter, a prfessr f exercise science at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wiscnsin. “These lder athletes can help guide the yunger nes, particularly with all the mental and psychlgical challenges that we’ve seen,” she said. “They bring a level f maturity t the teams and surrunding athletes that allws the yunger athletes t learn.”
“If yu limit yur chices nly t what seems pssible r reasnable, yu discnnect yurself frm what yu truly want, and all that is left is cmprmise.” The qute frm American writer Rbert Fritz is highly cnsistent with the Olympic spirit as well as enlightening us n ur way t success.
5．Wh is Oksana Chusvitina?
A．A 12-year-ld table tennis player.
B．A 46-year-ld gymnast frm Syria.
C．A 66-year-ld Australian equestrian.
D．An eight-time Olympian frm Uzbekistan.
6．The first paragraph is intended t________.
A．lead in the tpic f the passage
B．stress the imprtance f being a genius
C．tell the difference between yunger and lder athletes
D．intrduce a research n perfrmances f yunger athletes
7．What’s prfessr Michael Stnes’s attitude t thse yunger and lder Olympians?
A．Dubtful.B．Uncaring.
C．Supprtive.D．Indifferent.
8．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．Olympic athletes shuld try their best t be uninjured.
B．Olympic athletes prve success is nt related t age.
C．Olympians shw that age alne is nt an insurmuntable barrier.
D．Older athletes are changing the cnversatin arund age and agility.
一、
（2023·广东广州·统考二模）This paragraph is nt rdinary. Lk at it. At first, it wn’t lk t dd. Just a nrmal paragraph — yu may think. But lk at it again and yu might find it a bit unusual. Can yu spt it? Is
What yu’ve just read is a lipgram - a text withut a particular letter. It is the hardest kind as it desn’t cntain the letter E - the mst cmmn letter in the English language. Try writing ne yurself and yu’ll imagine the task faced by the French writer Gerges Perec, when a friend challenged him t write a whle nvel withut using E - a letter which is even mre cmmn in French.
Perec was a frighteningly clever writer, a lver f wrd games and puzzles and als a master f the Chinese bard game G. As well as writing crsswrd puzzles fr Paris magazines, he had already written a 5,000-wrd palindrme, a text that reads the same frwards and backwards, like the well-knwn “A man, a plan, a canal - Panama.” But his friends thught this task wuld be beynd him.
Perec tk up the challenge. He was unable t use mre than 70% f the French wrds, including thse mst cmmnly used. Surprisingly, he discvered this “impssible” rule unlcked his imaginatin. He later claimed he wrte this nvel faster than any f his ther bks. He was frced t think and fight fr every sentence. He had n chice but t be riginal.
The result was La Disparitin, a detective stry abut the mysterius disappearance f a character named A．Vwl. The nly Es were the fur in his name n the cver. Despite the dzens f clues abut the fantastically difficult rule, many riginal reviewers failed t spt what was staring them in the faces — the missing letter. Embarrassing fr the critics, but hilarius fr the writer and his friends.
Frtunately, the game Perec was playing did nt destry the bk itself. Every sentence seems twisted slightly ut f shape, and the resulting style is unique.
1．Why des the writer start with a lipgram?
A．T prve Perec’s wrk is hard.
B．T intrduce Perec’s tugh task.
C．T demnstrate what a lipgram is.
D．T challenge readers t write ne.
2．Which f the fllwing is NOT a palindrme?
A．Madam.B．Nurses ran.
C．N X in Nixn.D．N lemns, n meln.
3．What did Perec think f the challenge he tk up?
A．It frced him t write faster.B．It enriched his writing styles.
C．N writer but he culd make it.D．It freed his creativity in writing.
4．What des the underline wrd “hilarius” mean in paragraph 5?
A．Cnfusing.B．Surprising.C．Very lucky.D．Extremely funny.
二、
（2023·河北·校联考模拟预测）A rbtic game f cat and muse playing ut in a lab prvides a sight at future pssibilities f rbts carrying ut search-and-rescue missins withut much human guidance.
The Tianjicat rbt develped by researchers at Tsinghua University in China uses a brain-inspired cmputing chip called TianjicX. The s-called neurmrphic chip (神经形态芯片) can run multiple artificial intelligence techniques at the same time in an energy-efficient manner. It is ne example f experiments with neurmrphic systems that culd allw small rbts t make decisins using limited cmputing resurces and pwer.
The researchers challenged the Tianjicat rbt t chase (追逐) anther rbt that was set t mve randmly in a rm filled with bstacles. This required Tianjicat t track the muse rbt by using bth visual recgnitin and sund detectin, and t figure ut the best path t chase dwn its pretend prey (假想猎物) withut kncking n anything. The team says that the TianjicX chip reduced the amunt f pwer required fr the rbt cat t make decisins during the chase by abut. half cmpared with an NVIDIA chip designed fr AI cmputing.
Perfrming a cat-and-muse chase wuld be a step up in difficulty fr mst cmmercialized rbts, which usually fllw very predictable rutines in warehuses r factries. Many rbts that interact with mre cmplex and unpredictable envirnments rely n remte cntrl by human peratrs, r else must maintain wireless cnnectins with distant data centres that have the cmputing pwer necessary fr mre intensive decisin-making. Neurmrphic systems haven’t yet been cmmercialized in a big way, but their relatively lw size, weight and pwer requirements culd prvide practical advantages r rbtic deplyment (部署).
The Tianjicat rbt is wrldwide acknwledged. “Fr rbtics, this is very imprtant because it allws the system t perate fr lnger duratins in hard-t-reach envirnments with greater autnmy,” says Jeffrey Krichmar at the University f Califrnia, Irvine.
5．What d the researchers want the rbt t d by testing it?
A．D rescue-wrk.
B．Assist in research.
C．Help get rid f rats.
D．Save pwer.
6．What des paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．Why the rbt chases anther rbt.
B．What the rbt’s pretend prey is like.
C．Hw researchers test the rbt.
D．Hw much pwer the rbt uses in an actin.
7．What makes a TianJicat rbt have advantages ver thers?
A．Its small size.
B．Its muse-like shape.
C．Its business value.
D．Its date center.
8．What’s Jeffrey Krichmar’s attitude twards the inventin f the Tianjicat rbt?
A．Negative.
B．Dubtful.
C．Uncncerned.
D．Favrable.
三、
（2023·湖南株洲·统考一模）Sitting at the tp f a muntain n La Gmera Islad, Antni issued an invitatin t three visiting hikers in the distance—“Cme ver here”. We’re ging t treat yu t lunch“- withut speaking wrd: He whistled (吹口哨) it. Antni, 71, said in his yuth, when natives rather than turists walked the rcky ftpaths f his island, his news wuld have been greeted right away by a respnding whistle, lud and clear. But his message was lst n these hikers, and they cntinued their jurney.
Antni is a prud guardian f La Gmera’s whistling language, which he called the petry f my island.” He added. Like petry, whistling des nt need t be useful in rder t be special and beautiful.“The language, fficially knwn as Silb Gmer, replaces written letters with whistled sunds that vary by pitch (高音) and length. Unfrtunately, there are fewer whistles than Spanish letters, s a sund can have multiple meanings, causing misunderstandings.
With its distinct gegraphy, it’s easy t see why whistling came int existence n La Gmera. On mst f the island, deep valleys run frm high peaks dwn t the cean, and plenty f time and effrt are required t travel even a shrt distance verland. Whistling develped as a gd alternative way t deliver a message, with its sund carrying farther than shuting- -as much as tw miles acrss sme valleys with favrable wind cnditins.
In 2009, the island’s language was added by UNESCO t its list f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity. But with whistling n lnger essential fr cmmunicatin, Silb Gmer’s survival mstly relies n a 1999 law that has made teaching it a necessary part f La Gmera s schl curses. Erin Gerhards, a lcal girl keen t imprve her whistling, said, “Whistling is a way t hnr the peple that lived here in the past and t remember we didn’t start with technlgy but simple beginnings.”
9．Hw did the hikers react t Antni’s invitatin?
A．They ignred it.B．They waved their hands,
C．They whistled back.D．They stpped suddenly.
10．Why is La Gmera’s whistling language likely t be misinterpreted?
A．Because it is a frm f petry.B．Because the same sund carries different meanings.
C．Because it isn’t useful in life.D．Because its sunds include varius pitches and lengths.
11．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The turist attractins f La Gmera.
B．The gegraphic features f La Gmera.
C．The reasn fr whistling’s use n La Gmera.
D．The cmparisn between whistling and shuting.
12．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
A．Erin figures ut hw islanders lived befre.
B．Silb Gmer is taught in La Gmera’s schls.
C．Technlgy utweighs traditins n La Gmera.
D．Silb Gmer is imprtant in daily cnversatins.
四、
（2023·江苏南京·校联考一模）Yur emtin helps yu make sense f the wrld. At the cre f an emtin is a subjective experience f the valence f it — what emtin scientists call “affect” (情感). Generally speaking, affect is what we are mst fcused n. D yu have chclate cake in frnt f yu? That’s gd! D yu see a spider n the table! That’s bad!
Yur affective reactins tell yu which experiences are desirable, and which aren’t, but the ttal emtinal experience includes all yu d and think. Yu can learn a lt by bserving and describing them. Yu can als learn a lt by appreciating their secret life.
The prblem is: the affective features f emtins tend t dminate. Our subjective valence f emtin is almst all we can see. When emtins are nly abut what is pleasant r unpleasant in subjective experience right nw, the mre imprtant features f emtin disappear.
If yu can slw dwn and expand; if yu stp running r clinging (沉浸其中) and adpt a sense f curisity, emtins becme mre subtle and different. When fear cmes up, dn’t walk away s that fear dissipates. Instead, stay. Allw yurself t feel the nervusness, the sweating, and everything else that cmes alng with it. It is ne f the hardest things t d in life, but it’s als ne f the mst rewarding. If yu run, yu are telling basic parts f yur brain, “I guess this threat really was real. I better stay away frm it.” Yu are training yurself t fear, regardless f that situatin. If yu cling, yu are saying, “Escape frm this emtin is a threat”, and since it is nt a happy experience, happiness slips thrugh yur hands like sand.
Nte that yu can nt fl yurself. Just allw the full emtin. Yu will never enter int their secret life until yu stp running r clinging. T cntrl yur life, yu need t actively train yur emtins t be yur ally (同盟). Observe. Describe. Appreciate. D that and yu may find yu have allies fr healthy living that were there all alng.
13．Why des the authr mentin “chclate cake” and “spider” in paragraph 1?
A．T explain the cmplex respnse f emtins.
B．T shw the subjective experience f emtins.
C．T indicate the gdness and badness f the wrld.
D．T emphasize the significance f emtins in life.
14．What is the cnsequence if yu just fcus n yur present feelings?
A．The present feelings are less bvius.
B．The subjective emtins are less pwerful.
C．The verall picture f emtins is easier t ignre.
D．The bservatin and descriptin f emtins are easier.
15．What des the underlined wrd “dissipates” in Paragraph 4 prbably refer t?
A．Deepens.B．Spreads.C．Disappears.D．Sticks.
16．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The secret f emtins.B．The subjective experience.
C．The imprtance f allies in life.D．Magical functins f emtins.
五、
（2023·重庆·统考模拟预测）Last April, Eln Musk, the wrld’s richest man, attempted a takever f Twitter, fr $ 44 billin, which quickly turned int public cntrversy and curt battles. But the mst interesting part f the stry is the mre fundamental questin: Why wuld Musk want t buy Twitter in the first place?
If yu lk at the size f Twitter, its appeal isn’t bvius. The cmpany makes a relatively small prfit each year, and in terms f the number f users, Twitter has arund 436 millin users every mnth, which is still a lng way behind the likes f Facebk (near three billin), Instagram (tw billin), and TikTk (ne billin). S why des Musk want t spend a cnsiderable amunt f mney n Twitter?
The answer might be what makes Twitter s interesting: it carries enrmus cultural pwer and has an unmatched ability t shift the curse f news and culture. Twitter’s cultural pwer is easy t see. Click n any randm news article, and there’s a gd chance that smewhere in the text, it’s quting what smene said n Twitter.
What makes the platfrm imprtant is essentially its clients. Twitter is the place where the mst pwerful and influential peple like t hang ut. Because Twitter is mstly based n shrt, text-based psts, it is perfect fr cnveying infrmatin, an argument, r a jke, at enrmus speed, making it extremely useful fr the likes f pliticians, jurnalists, executives and celebrities.
What Twitter is really gd at is acting as a glbal watercler-a persistent backchannel fr gssip (流言蜚语), jkes and infrmal cnnectins. It’s a place where new ideas emerge, r arguments happen, and because the peple ding the gssiping are imprtant, influential types, what happens n Twitter can actually affect the rest f the wrld. I think this explains why Eln Musk might want t pay big mney fr it. If yu wn Twitter, yu suddenly have a say in the wrld’s mst imprtant watercler cnversatin.
17．What can we knw abut Twitter?
A．Eln Musk’s purchase f it went smthly.
B．It has significant pwer t shape culture.
C．What peple say n Twitter cmes frm randm articles.
D．Its influence can’t cmpare with thse f its cmpetitrs.
18．What makes Twitter valuable fr its users?
A．The vlume f infrmatin.B．The ptential clients it attracts.
C．The prfit it generates.D．The efficiency f spreading ideas.
19．Accrding t the authr, why might Eln Musk want t buy Twitter?
A．T prmte new ideas.B．T imprve its prducts.
C．T have a greater vice.D．T cntrl pwerful peple.
20．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Why Is Twitter s Valuable?
B．Wh Are Twitter’s Target Users?
C．What Did Eln Musk D t Twitter?
D．Hw Des Twitter Dminate the Wrld?
一、
（2022·全国·统考高考真题）As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
1．What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A．The right way f exercising.B．The causes f a heart attack.
C．The difficulty f keeping fit.D．The aging prcess f the heart.
2．In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A．Diet plan.B．Prfessinal backgrund.
C．Exercise type.D．Previus physical cnditin.
3．What des Levine’s research find?
A．Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B．High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C．It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D．The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
4．What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A．Making use f the findings.B．Interviewing the study participants.
C．Cnducting further research.D．Clarifying the purpse f the study.
二、
（2022·全国·统考高考真题）Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
5．Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A．Ineffective.B．Unnecessary.
C．Incnsistent.D．Unfair.
6．What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A．Where a driver came frm.B．Whether a driver used their phne.
C．Hw fast a driver was ging.D．When a driver arrived at the scene.
7．What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Advice.B．Data.C．Tests.D．Laws.
8．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B．Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C．New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D．The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
三、
（2022·全国·高考真题）Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
9．Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A．Its variety.B．Its distributin.C．Its quantity.D．Its develpment.
10．Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B．They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D．Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
11．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B．Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C．A further explanatin f the research methds.
D．A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
12．What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A．It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B．It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C．It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D．It drives the evlutin f human beings.
四、
（2022·全国·高考真题）Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D．C．, which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
13．What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A．We pay little attentin t fd waste.B．We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C．We waste mre vegetables than meat.D．We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
14．What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A．Mral decline.B．Envirnmental harm.
C．Energy shrtage.D．Wrldwide starvatin.
15．What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A．It prduces kitchen equipment.B．It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C．It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D．It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
16．What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A．Buy nly what is needed.B．Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C．G shpping nce a week.D．Eat in restaurants less ften.
五、
（2022·全国·高考真题）The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
17．What is the purpse f the prject?
A．T ensure harmny in care hmes.B．T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C．T raise mney fr medical research.D．T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
18．Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A．She has learned new life skills.B．She has gained a sense f achievement.
C．She has recvered her memry.D．She has develped a strng persnality.
19．What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A．Imprve.B．Oppse.C．Begin.D．Evaluate.
20．What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．It is well received.B．It needs t be mre creative.
C．It is highly prfitable.D．It takes ages t see the results.