新高考英语一轮复习练习考向08 时态和语态（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

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在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态需要用动词的不同形式表示出来，动词的这种不同形式就构成了动词的时态。英语中的时态按动作发生时间分为现在时态、过去时态、将来时态
一、时态的分类和构成
二、时态的基本用法
（一）一般体：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时
1. 一般现在时：一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。常和表示频率、时间的副词（短语）always, every time, nw and then, ccasinally, ften, seldm, smetimes, usually等连用。
1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
We have three meals a day.
2）表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。
Knwledge is pwer.
3）表示现在的情况或状态。
I live in Beijing.
4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“出发，到达”等含义的词，
如，arrive, begin, g, leave, start, stay等。
The train arrives at 10:30. There's plenty f time. 。
考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。
如：I learned that the earth ges arund the sun when I was in primary schl.
考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, befre, as sn as, nce, the mment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, prvided.
If he accepts the jb, he will get mre mney sn.
考点三：在make sure (certain), see t it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
S lng as he wrks hard, I dn’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
考点四：在the mre… the mre … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。
The harder yu study, the better results yu will get.
2. 一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示过去具体时间的时间状语。
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或状态。此时与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, an hur ag, the ther day, in1998等。
Where did yu g yesterday?？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I ften played ftball in the street.
3）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。
If he were here nw, we culd turn t him fr help.
4）句中有延续性时间状语，但表示与现在没有关联的过去某段时间做了某事，此时用一般过去时。
This is the primary schl where ur manager Mr. Smith studied fr six years.
3. 一般将来时：一般将来时用来表示将要发生的事。
1）shall用于第一人称，常被will代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 will (shall) + 动词原形
There is still much t discuss. We shall return t this item at ur next meeting.
2）be ging t + 动词原形，表示将来。
（1）主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。
What are yu ging t d this Sunday mrning?
（2）计划、安排要发生的事。
I'm ging t the airprt t pick up my aunt frm America this afternn.
（3）有迹象要发生的事。
Lk at the dark cluds; there is ging t be a strm.
注意：be ging t与will的区别
be ging t既可指主观打算做某事，也可指客观迹象表明将要发生某事；
will往往指没有经过计划而临时出现的意图，常伴有说话者的主观意识或表示将来必然发生的事。
I'm ging t quit my present jb. （现在的打算，事先经过思考，指向将来）
I'll answer the dr. （未经事先考虑的意图）
The little by is ging t fall ver. （根据客观迹象判断）
I hpe it will be fine tmrrw. （主观意愿）
3）“be + 不定式”表将来，表示按计划安排的事或按职责、义务或要求必须去做的事等。
We are t discuss the reprt next Saturday.
The meeting is t take place at 8:00 tmrrw mrning.
注意：be t 和be ging t的用法比较
be t表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。
I am t play ftball tmrrw afternn. （客观安排）
be ging t则表示主观的打算或计划。
I am ging t play ftball tmrrw afternn. (主观安排）
4）“be abut t d”意为“马上做某事”，表示即将发生某事，该事将发生在很近的将来，不能与tmrrw, next week等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。
He is abut t leave fr Beijing.
考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：We will begin ur class as sn as the teacher cmes.
（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）
考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, cme, g, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。
I am leaving fr Beijing tmrrw.
考点三：“祈使句 + and/r + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。
Use yur head and yu will find a way.
4. 过去将来时：过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
注意：这种时态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句的动作发生在主句之后。过去将来时同一般将来时类似，除了用wuld d 表示外，也可以用be ging t d, be t d, be abut t d及过去进行时等方式表示。
He was sixty-eight and in tw years, he wuld be seventy.
Yu were ging t give me yur address but yu didn't.
I was abut t turn n the pwer f the cmputer when the electricity was cut ff.
（二）完成体：现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时和过去将来完成时
1. 现在完成时：常用的时间状语有：s far, recently, lately, befre, ever, by nw, in the
last/ past few years, ver a lng time, up t nw,yet, already, just, since, fr+ 一段时间等。
1）表示说话之前已经完成的动作，常与already, yet, just, by this time,s far, by nw等时间状语连用。此时句子中的谓语动词一般为非延续性动词且句子一般不与表示“一段时间”的时间状语连用。
Have yu finished yur task yet?
注意：have gne t与have been t的区别
have gne t 表示“到某地去了”，人可能还在路上，也可能已经到达，但一定不在说话者这里。
have been t 表示“去过某地”，是回来之后再谈论去过某地的情况。
2）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
He has lst his wallet and can't find it.
3）表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
They have been gd friends since they met at a meeting.
4）表示动作反复发生，句中常用nce/ twice/ three... times 等。
Yu needn't describe her. I have met her many times.
5）在时间或条件状语从句中表示在将来某个时间之前要完成某个动作。
Dn't get ff until the bus has stpped.
注意：常用现在完成时的句型有：
1）It is/has been + 一段时间 + since 从句；
2）This/ That/ It is the first/ secnd... Time + that从句（从句用现在完成时）；
3）It/ This is the best/ wrst/ mst interesting + 名词 + that从句（从句用现在完成时）
关于现在完成时的时间状语问题:
A.现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语，
比较： We have bught a new typewriter .
We bught a new typewriter yesterday.
B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外，ag不能用于现在完成时的句子，但是可以用befre来表示"以前"的意义。
C.非延续性动词用于现在完成时态的时候，通常不与表示时间段的时间状语连用,在这种情况下，应该用"It has been … since…"的句式来表达。
如： He has been in the army fr three years.
= He has been a sldier fr three years.
= It's three years since he jined the army. √
He has jined the army fr three years. ×
.D非延续性动词的否定式可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，
表示这种动作的否定状态的延续。
I haven't heard frm yu fr a mnth.
2. 过去完成时：由“had + 过去分词”构成，表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。在使用过去完成时时，一定要有过去的时间或动作作为参照。
By nine 'clck last night, we had gt 200 pictures frm the spaceship.
考点一：用于; n sner 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。，并且n sner 与hardly等位于句首时，此部分须用部分倒装。
I had n sner gt int the rm than it began t snw.
N sner had I arrived hme than the telephne rang. （注意主谓倒装）
考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
That was the secnd time that she had seen her grandfather.
考点三：动词hpe, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppse, plan 表示主观想法的动词，可用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为“本来想”
They had wanted t help, but they culd nt get there in time.
3. 将来完成时：主要用于表示在将来某一时间点上会完成的动作，并对将来
某一时间产生影响。常与将来时间状语连用。
We shall have fulfilled the wrk by the end f next week.
考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end f this year, by 8 ’clck this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, befre或when等引导的副词从句。
By the end f next mnth, he will have traveled 1000 miles n ft.
By the time yu reach the statin, the train will have left.
By next Tuesday, I will have gt ready fr the exams.
考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。
The children will d their hmewrk the mment they have arrived back frm schl.
（三）进行体：现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时和过去将来进行时
1. 现在进行时
1）表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。这种用法往往表示发生在过去，说话时没完成，仍在继续进行的动作或存在的状态。常与nw, right nw, at this mment, atpresent等时间状语连用。
What are they quarreling abut?
2）表示现阶段某动作正在进行，但说话时未必正在进行。
I'm teaching part-time in a middle schl.
3）表示马上就要发生。
非延续性动词用于进行时态，往往表示“马上就，即将，逐渐
地，反复地”等意思，这类动词主要有cme, g, leave, start,
begin, stp, arrive, return等。
Are yu staying here fr a lng time?（即将）
Smene is kncking at the dr. （反复地）
4）表示某种感情色彩或对某一心理的生动描述。
现在进行时与always, cnstantly, cntinually, frever (fr ever),
usually等副词连用时，往往表示生气、不满、同情、赞美、好
奇等情感或对某一心理的生动描述。
The children are cnstantly disturbing us. （讨厌、不满）
注意：下列动词一般不能用于进行时态。
1）表示心理活动的动词一般不用于进行时态。常见的此类动词有lve, like, hate, knw, understand,realize, remember, believe, want, hpe, wish, need,agree等。
She understands yu better nw.
2）表示属性或拥有的动词不能用于进行时态。常见的此类动词有have（有），wn, pssess, belng t,have n, cnsist f 等。
This dictinary belngs t Peter.
3）表示感官的连系动词不能用于进行时态。常见的此类动词有seen, appear, lk, sund, taste等。feel用于进行时态表示一时的感觉。
The music sunds beautiful.
I'm nt feeling well tday.
4）表示行为结果的动词一般不用于进行时态。常见的此类动词有accept, admit, receive, allw,decide, prmise等。
I accept yur advice.
考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
Lk ut when yu are crssing the street.
考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。
Marry is leaving n Friday
2. 过去进行时
1）表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that
mment, at that time, at the time, this time yesterday等。没有时间状语时，需要根据上下文的语境体会。
I was writing a letter when yu phned.
2）表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作，常表示“渐渐”“快要”“越来越”“马上”。
常见的此列动词有cme, g, start, begin, leave, arrive,get, becme, turn等非持续性动词，偶尔有些持续性动词如d, stay, take等也常表示过去“将要”。
We were running ut f the gas.
She tld me that she was leaving fr Italy the next day.
3）表示特定的情感。
与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可与always,frever, cnstantly等时间状语连用，表示厌烦、惊讶、褒扬等特殊情感。
She was always ringing me up when I was in Lndn. （表示厌烦）
3.将来进行时
指从现在算起的将来某时间点正在进行的动作或将要进行的动作。常与表示将来时间的短语this time ，tmrrw, at 10 'clck next Mnday等连用。
This time tmrrw we'll be flying t Pairs..
（四）完成进行体
1. 现在完成进行时
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。其动作是否继续下去，由上下文语意决定。
1）表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现
在不远的时间。多用延续性动词。
Have yu been waiting lng fr me?
2）表示“刚才，近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续。
My hands are dirty. I've been cleaning the rm.
3）表示动作的重复性。
Yu have been asking the same questin these days.
注意：现在完成进行时态多用持续性动词，如live, learn,lie, stay, sit, wait, stand, rest, study等，并常和allthe time, this week, this mnth, all night, all the mrning, recently等状态以及since（自从）和fr（历经）所引导的状语从句或短语连用（与since和fr连用时，动作常会继续下去）。
三、几个易混时态的用法区别
一般过去时和过去完成时的区别
一般过去时是相对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是相对过去某一时刻而言，强调“过去的过去”发生的动作对过去某一时间的影响或持续到过去某一时间为止。
两种时态建立的时间参照点不同，对过去完成时来说，这个时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成时概念赖以建立的基础，也是和一般过去时进行区别的重要标准。
She lked well when I last saw her. （过去动作或状态）
When I gt there, the ftball match had already started. （对过去的影响或产生的结果）
The train had waited there fr half an hur by the time we arrived. （“过去的过去”动作持续到过去某一时刻为止）
2.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
这两个时态都是谈论已经发生的事情，但是二者的差别是，一般过去时只是单独谈论过去的事情，与现在没有联系，因此只要有过去时间状语的句子只能用过去时来表达；而现在完成时所表示的动作对现在有影响，或是与现在有关，或是谈论现在以前这一段时间里发生的事情。
We bught the fruit and flwers in the supermarket just nw.
They haven't seen the teacher tday.
四、时态的一致问题
在英语的复合句（尤其是宾语从句）中，从句谓语动词的时态往往受主句谓语动词时态的限制或影响，即主句与从句时态基本一致。
1. 名词性从句与主句时态
在一些名词性从句中，如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时，则从句的谓语可根据所要表达的内容要求运用各种时态；若主句谓语用过去的某种时态，则从句的谓语时态要作相应的调整。
1）主句是现在的某种时态或将来的某种时态时，宾语从句里的动词可按其所涉及的时间运用任何适当的时态。
I think Mlly went t the dctr's yesterday.。
主句中的动词是过去时，宾语从句中的动词一般用过去的某种时态，但如果从句叙述的是某种真理不变的事实或对现在或将来仍然有效的事情，则从句用现在的某种时态。
Alva tld me that he had knwn the news already。
In his cuntry children under 18 cannt buy alchl.
2. 状语从句与主句时态
表示时间、原因、目的、条件、结果、让步等的状语从句一般要和主句的时态一致，即主句为现在（过去、将来）的某种时态，从句一般也为现在（过去、将来）的某种时态。
Yu'll make prgress if yu keep wrking hard. 。
3. 定语从句
定语从句中的动词应依照动词本身所涉及的时间选用适当的时态，不受主句的约束和限制。
This is the man I saw yesterday. 。
【典例示例】
1.(2020﹒江苏)If yu lk at all sides f the situatin, yu’ll find prbably a slutin that ______ everyne.
A. suitB. suitedC. suitsD. has suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a slutin，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
2.(2020﹒天津)—Yu are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lt these days.
A. have been practisingB. was practising
C. wuld practiseD. had practised
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，”练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。
3.(2020﹒天津)The number f medical schls reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ arund that level since.
A. are remainingB. have remained
C. is remainingD. has remained
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since”从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number f medical schls，the number f表示”……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。
4.(2019﹒江苏)The musician alng with his band members ___________ ten perfrmances in the last three mnths.
A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three mnths”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“alng with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
5.(2019﹒江苏)A few mnths after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in lve with the peple and culture there.
A. wuld fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. fell
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
考向二 动词的语态
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系。语态分为主动语态和被动语态：主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的发出者和执行者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
注意：英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的，而被动语态则是有标记的。被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
一、被动语态的各种形式 be+dne
被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。
1. 一般现在时："am/ is/ are + 过去分词"
Mary is lved by all her family.
2. 一般过去时："was/ were + 过去分词"
The letter was written in Spanish. 。
3. 一般将来时："will/ shall/ be ging t/ be t be + 过去分词"（shall主要用于第一人称；will可用于各人称）
When will the wrk be finished?
4. 现在进行时："am/ is/ are being + 过去分词"
The car accident is being lken int.
5. 过去进行时："was/ were being + 过去分词"
The library was being built last year. I'm nt sure if it is cmpleted.
6. 现在完成时："have/ has been + 过去分词"
All the wrk has been finished by nw.。
7. 过去完成时："had been + 过去分词"
The fire had been put ut when the firefighters arrived.
8. 将来完成时："will/ shall have been + 过去分词"
Will all the phts have been develped by tmrrw?
9. 过去将来时："wuld/ shuld be + 过去分词"
The headmaster said he wuld be met by the mayr.
二、含情态动词的常用被动句式
主语+ 情态动词+ be + 过去分词 +...
The cmputer might be repaired by tmrrw.
三、常用的被动语态句式结构
“get + 过去分词”结构
英语中"get + 过去分词"也构成被动语态。其中get 与"be + 过去分词"结构中的be一样，都起助动词的作用。但get多用于口语，并且其后不能跟"by + 执行者"，这种结构常用于谈论突然发生的、出乎意料的事件，如get dressed, get killed等。
He gt/ was drunk fr the first time in his life that night.
非谓语动词的被动形式
高考重点考察动名词和不定式的被动形式。找准非谓语动词的逻辑主语是做题的关健。
The girl is afraid f being sclded by her mther.
（scld和它的逻辑主语the girl之间存在着被动关系）
The bk seems t have been published last year.
（publish和它的逻辑主语the bk 之间存在被动关系）
四、被动语态的用法
强调动作的承受者：当强调动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时用被动语态。这
类句子常有一个by引导的短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可没有。
This pem was written by Whitman.
淡化动作的执行者：当动作的执行者是泛指时（如peple, ne等），常用被动语态。
He is suspected rbbing the bank.
动作的执行者是无生命的事物：
He was seriusly wunded by a rlling stne.
某些习惯用法：有些习惯用法常以被动语态的形式出现。
I am determined t d better than Mike.
五 使用被动语态的注意事项
（一）主动形式表示被动意义
某些连系动词，如lk, feel, sund, taste, smell, appear, seem, prve等，可用主动形式表示被动意义。
The trip t the beautiful island this summer sunds really exciting. 。
His plan prved (t be) practical.
有一类经常用作及物动词的词，如burn, wash, wear, clse, read, write, sell, pen, lck, shut,clean, draw, cut, translate等, 用于强调事物本身的特点、特征、性能等，常用主动形式表被动含义。（t blame, t let等也用主动形式表被动含义）
The pen writes smthly.
Officials believe that mre than ne persn may be t blame fr the fire.
be wrth后常接动名词的主动形式表被动意义。
A lt f small twns in the area are definitely wrth visiting.
need, want, require, deserve等动词后用动名词的主动形式表被动意义。
（句中主语是动名词意义上的宾语。若动名词是不及物的，其后应加相应的介词。
Mst huse plants require regular watering.
The by is always ready t help thers and deserves making friends with.
有些形容词后接不定式作状语时，常用主动形式表被动意义。此类形容词有easy, hard,
difficult, cheap, expensive, fit, nice, gd, funny, exciting, light, heavy, dangerus, cmfrtable,delicius等.若不定式动词是不及物的，其后要加相应多的介词。
The man is difficult t deal with.
有些介词短语作表语，其主动形式含有被动意义。
under cnstructin 在施工中 beynd belief 令人难以置信
beynd ne's reach 鞭长莫及 beynd ne's cntrl 失控
beynd ur hpe 我们始料不及 fr sale 出售fr rent 出租 in print 在印刷中
The questin is nw under discussin.
The rumr is beynd belief. ( can't be believed).
（二）不用于被动语态的情形
系动词、不及物动词（短语）无被动语态，常见的有appear, disappear, die, end (vi. 结束）,fail, happen, take place, break ut, ccur, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, cme true, fall asleep,keep silence, lse heart等。
The meeting lasted five hurs befre it ended.
被动形式表示主动意义，这些 dne的形态的动词形容词性化。例如，be seated, be lst, be drunk, be dressed, be devted，be determined, be wrried, be lcated, be expsed , be invlved等表示状态
【典例示例】
1.(2019﹒江苏)They are trying t make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 fr the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
2.(2017﹒天津)Nwadays, cycling, alng with jgging and swimming, _________ as ne f the best all-rund frms f exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语alng with 连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
3.(2017﹒北京)In the 1950s in the USA, mst families had just ne phne at hme, and wireless phnes _______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，排除B，故选D。
4.(2015﹒湖南)I had a strng desire t reach in and play with the ty, but ________ thankfully by the shp windw.
A. am held back B. held back C.hld back D.was held back
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据主句中的had可知时态是一般过去时；hld与主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。句意：我极其渴望进到商店去玩那个玩具，但是幸亏被橱窗挡住了。
5.(2015﹒安徽)It is reprted that a space statin ______ n the mn in years t cme.
A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years t cme”可知用将来时，space statin和build是动宾关系，应该使用被动语态，故选B。
【检测过关】
1. Everyne wants t live n the tp f the muntain, but grwth ccurs while yu _____ it.
A. climbedB. have climbedC. are climbingD. have been climbing
2. The wrks f Du Fu, China’s greatest pet, _____ a precius cultural heritage fr the entire wrld, nt just fr China.
A. representedB. representC. will representD. have represented
3. — D yu like yur new place?
— Yes,I d.But it's a little far frm my cllege,and the traffic____________me.
A. killedB. has killedC. had killedD. is killing
4. — Fancy meeting yu here! Are yu a librarian?
— Nt really. I________my vlunteer effrt until the new term begins.
A. will just cntributeB. have just cntributedC. just cntributeD. am just cntributing
5. —What abut yur trip t Nantng Printed Blue Nankeen Museum?
—It displays traditinal Chinese art and craft and we ____ a great time there.
A. hadB. haveC. wuld haveD. had had
6. — What’s wrng? Yu lk really stressed ut.
—I ________ the whle week preparing fr my graduatin paper.
A. wrkB. have wrked
C. have been wrkingD. wrked
7. --Did yu enjy yurself in watching the film Frzen II last night?
--Yu bet! I ______ it fr 6 years.
A. was t anticipateB. have been anticipating
C. was anticipatingD. had been anticipating
8. --- Hi, it's time we wrked ut a plan fr the research prject.
---Srry, I'm nt available right nw. I _____ fr the upcming final exam.
A. am preparingB. preparedC. have preparedD. will be preparing
9. By the time yur habit f managing time is develped, yu better decisins abut hw t spend yur time in yur future career.
A. will have madeB. will be made
C. are t makeD. have been making
10. ―Why are yu s excited?
—I met Tmmy just nw. We _____ each ther fr ages.
A. haven’t seenB. didn't seeC. hadn't seenD. dn't see
11. —Where is my phne? I can’t find it.
—Oh, yu must have left it in the library where we ________ the nvel.
A. are readingB. readC. have readD. had read
12. - -Did yu watch the news abut the success stry f a farmer in Lnghu last night?
Yes. By using an e-cmmerce platfrm, his fruit business ____ natinwide.
A. is expandingB. has expandedC. wuld expandD. was expanding
13. —Have yu finished yur research essay?
—I haven’t started yet. I ________ relevant materials the whle f last week.
A. have cllectedB. was cllecting
C. wuld cllectD. had cllected
14. -Is yur father still teaching at Tsinghua University?
-N, he retired three mnths ag. But he ______________ at the schl fr thirty years.
A. has taughtB. has been teaching
C. taughtD. teaches
15. —What d yu think f the Great Wall f China?
—Splendid! When I was in Beijing, I ________ it twice.
A. had visitedB. visited
C. have visitedD. wuld visit
16. —What an amazing picture!
—The little by ____the sldiers, and I caught them in an unguarded mment.
A. was salutingB. salutedC. had salutedD. wuld salute
17. Dn't give up half way, and yu will find the scenery is mre beautiful when yu reach the destinatin than when yu _______.
A. start ffB. have started ff
C. started ffD. will start ff
18. —Have yu fund the new flat advertised in the newspaper?
— Yes. But the cmmunity____ very large and I nearly gt lst just nw.
A. had beenB. wasC. will beD. is
19. —Why are yu s upset?
—I had my cmputer repaired yesterday, but it ________ wrk again.
A. desn’tB. didn’t
C. wn’tD. wuldn’t
20. ---Jenny is becming slimmer and slimmer.
---- It is said that she hired a fitness instructr last year and _____ since.
A. is wrking utB. wrked utC. has been wrking utD. had wrked ut
21. ---Prfessr Li is wanted n the phne. Where is he?
--- I saw him cming, but in a minute, he _____.
A. will disappearB. has disappearedC. disappearsD. disappeared
22. After nine years wrking t prtect Siberian tigers, Yang Jun _____ his effrts recgnized at the annual award ceremny in Beijing where he was named a "wildlife prtectr".
A. hadB. had had
C. has hadD. has
23. —I heard Mr. Mrgan wuld be here at 4:00 pm. next Thursday.
—N, he _____ at that time.
A. was bardingB. wuld be barding
C. will be bardingD. is barding
24. —Ted has never been s rude!
—He ______smething he shuldn’t have, but I guess he didn’t mean that.
A. has saidB. had said
C. saidD. was saying
25. Evelyn is suppsed t attend church sn, but nbdy is sure whether she r nt.
A. desB. isC. hadD. will
26. —Mr. Smith _____ in Russia fr 10 years.
—N wnder he can speak Russian fluently and nw teaches Russian in a Chinese cllege.
A. had stayedB. has stayedC. stayedD. stays
27. —Did yu have difficulty finding Ann'huse?
—Nt really.She___us clear directins and we were able t find it easily。
A. was t giveB. had given
C. was givingD. wuld give
28. I’ve finally finished my paper and it________ me an entire mnth.
A. was taken B. takes
C. tk D. had taken
29. In Beijing, mre than 21,100 peple ________ t dnate their bdies by the end f 2017, as the city prmted a bdy dnatin campaign frm 1999.
A. have appliedB. had applied
C. wuld have appliedD. applied
30. —Did yur father enjy seeing his ld friends yesterday?
—Yes, he did. They each ther fr ages.
A. didn’t seeB. wuldn’t see
C. haven’t seenD. hadn’t seen
31. As things didn’t wrk ut the way we ________, we fund urselves trying t frce them and struggling t finish them.
A. plan B. are planning C. had planned D. will be planning
32. Yur dnatin greatly appreciated and the mney will be used t help the students frm pr families.
A. has been B. is
C. was D. had been
33. Usually Beijing Rast Duck _____ tgether with special pancakes, green nins and sweet sauce.
A. was served B. will serve
C. is served D. served
34. Rsa _____ this washing machine fr mre than ten years. She is thinking abut buying a new ne.
A. is using B. used
C. had used D. has been using
35. —Where was I?
—Yu ________ yu didn’t like yur jb.
A. had saidB. said
C. were sayingD. has said
36. —Is there a hspital nearby? I hurt my ankle, and cannt mve nw.
—It’s abut 3 blcks away. I _____ yu there.
A. tkB. take
C. will takeD. have taken
37. —Dad, yu shuld have taken me t the ftball match this mrning.
—I had intended t, but I culdn’t spare any time, I _____ a reprt.
A. had writtenB. wrte
C. was writingD. wuld write
38. I’m nt sure f the reasn fr the dg’s illness, but it ____ by eating t much.
A. may have been causedB. need have been caused
C. shuld have been causedD. must have been caused
39. —D yu like the mbile game Traveling Frg?
—Yes, the psts abut the virtual green frg ________ ver 4 millin times.
A. have readB. have been read
C. wuld be readD. are reading
40. Our cuntry has launched a campaign t ban smking in public places, which with sme heavy smkers.
A. cncerns B. was cncerned
C. cncerned D. is cncerned
41. I think Ana ______ her packing since she started getting things ready early this mrning.
A. finishes B. has finished
C. had finished D. wuld finish
42. ––Cathy is nt cming t yur birthday party tnight.
––But she ______!
A. prmised B. prmises
C. will prmise D. had prmised
43. ––Are the repairs finished yet?
––Yes, they ______ when I came back hme.
A. wuld be cmpleted B. wuld cmplete
C. had cmpleted D. had been cmpleted
44. That was nt the first time he ____ us. I think it's high time we ____ strng actins against him.
A. betrayed, takeB. had betrayed, tk
C. has betrayed, tkD. has betrayed, take
45. — Hell, I ________ t ask if I can bk a flight ticket t Hainan tmrrw?
— Srry, we’ve already sld ut.
A. phneB. will phne
C. am phningD. have phned
46. Since the middle f the last year, the bike-sharing market _____in Beijing.
A. bmed B. was bming C. will bm D. has bmed
47. —Gt yur driving license?
—N. I t busy t have enugh practice, s I didn’t take the driving test last week.
A. was B. am
C. have been D. had been
48. ----S Jack failed t be admitted by his dream university and is feeling quite depressed these days.
----It serves him right. I ____him mre than nce t take his study seriusly.
A. remindedB. have reminded
C. have been remindingD. had reminded
49. Jane went t her teacher just nw. She ________ abut the slutin t the prblem.
A. wnderedB. was wnderingC. had wnderedD. wuld wnder
50. Li Hua ____ his mney fr dllars befre he went n a hliday in America.
A. exchanges B. has exchanged
C. will exchange D. had exchanged
51. Wrld Fd Day is held each year t underline the prgress that ________ against hunger and that still needs t be made.
A. is madeB. was made
C. has been madeD. will be made
52. --- Did yu watch the final match f China Open yesterday?
---Sure. I it s attentively that I frgt t ck supper.
A. watched B. had watched
C. was watching D. was t watch
53. ––Did yu have t d much fr the dinner party?
––Helen ________ everything by the time I gt hme.
A. finishedB. was finishingC. wuld finishD. had finished
54. I thught it hard t cmplete the prject then, but I ________ my mind.
A. will changeB. wuld changed
C. have changedD. had changed
55. Please wear yur best clthes n Mnday, as yur class phts ______ then.
A. will takeB. will be takenC. have takenD. have been taken
56. —I think the paper is taking yu a lng time t write.
—I ______ n it fr almst a mnth nw.
A. wrkedB. was wrking
C. am wrkingD. have been wrking
57. —All the cntainers have been unladed! Can it have been dne by Frank?
—Impssible! He ________ his car last night.
A. has fixedB. had fixedC. wuld fixD. was fixing
58. —Wuld yu mind if I smked here?
—Srry, yu’d better nt. Yur smking in the ffice ________me!
A. btheredB. is bthering
C. has btheredD. will bther
59. Quantities f sil ________ in the area, resulting in the increasing number f natural disasters.
A. is washed away B. have washed away
C. have washed away D. have been washed away
60. —Yu’ve agreed t g, s why aren’t yu getting ready?
—But I ________ that I was expected t set ff at nce.
A. dn’t realize B. didn’t realize
C. haven’t realized D. hadn’t realized现在时
一般现在时
d/ des
现在完成时have/has dne
现在进行时
am/ is/ are ding
现在完成进行时
have/has been ding
过去时
一般过去时
did
过去完成时
had dne
过去进行时
was/were ding
过去完成进行时
had been ding
将来时
一般将来时
will/ shall d
将来完成时will/shall have dne
将来进行时shall/ will be ding
将来完成进行时shall/ will have been ding
过去将来
一般过去将来时
shuld/ wuld d