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这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练16 阅读理解之词义猜测题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习题型专练16阅读理解之词义猜测题原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习题型专练16阅读理解之词义猜测题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共45页， 欢迎下载使用。
【考试方向】词义猜测是英语应用能力使用的重要体现，也是高考必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】
1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词 在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词 义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物 之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
1. The underlined wrd “…” in the secnd(third…) paragraph refers t(means) ______.
2. By saying that “…” in the first(secnd…) paragraph, the authr means that ______.
3. In paragraph …, “…” can be replaced by “______”.
4. The meaning f “…” in paragraph… is related t ______.
5. Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t…(paragraph…)?
6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph prbably means that _____.
【答题技巧】
对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
1.相似法
利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或r，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或r连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷III）When “Rise f the Planet f the Apes” was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks fr nt using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet “Apes” is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including “Water fr Elephants,” “The Hangver Part Ⅱ” and “Zkeeper,” have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the States.
5.Why did the animal activists gather n Hllywd Bulevard?
A.T see famus film stars.
B.T ppse wearing fur cats.
C.T raise mney fr animal prtectin.
D.T express thanks t sme filmmakers.
6.What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A.The cst f making “Apes.”
B.The creatin f digitalized apes.
C.The publicity abut “Apes.”
D.The perfrmance f real apes.
7.What des the underlined phrase “keeping tabs n” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.Listing cmpletely.
B.Directing prfessinally.
C.Prmting successfully.
D.Watching carefully.
8.What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut animal actrs?
A.They may be badly treated.
B.They shuld take further training.
C.They culd be traded illegally
D.They wuld lse ppularity.
【答案】5.D 6.B 7.D 8.A
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
5.细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, ne activist ,dressed in a full -bdy mnkey suit ,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks fr nt using real apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
6.主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that I recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
7.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants," "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper," have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
8.推理判断题。根据最后一段In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
2.对比法
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词ht and cld, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
表示对比的信号词有yet, but, while, thugh, hwever, therwise, n the ne the ther hand, fr ne anther thing, instead f等。
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷I）Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly(表面上)participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test: the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
13.What is the recent study mainly abut?
A.Fd safety.B.Mvie viewership.
C.Cnsumer demand.D.Eating behavir.
14.What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A.Big eaters.B.Overweight persns.
C.Picky eaters.D.Tall thin persns.
15.Why did the researchers hire the actr?
A.T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B.T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C.T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D.T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
16.On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?
A.Hw hungry we are.B.Hw slim we want t be.
C.Hw we perceive thers.D.Hw we feel abut the fd.
【答案】13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C
【分析】
本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。
13.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。
14.词义猜测题。根据前半句“And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanples with big appetites。由cntrary t可推断出，画线词和heavier peple（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier peple正好相反。故选D。
15.推理判断题。根据第二段的“T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
16.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I’ll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I’ll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
3.释义法
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
常见的词有：mean, that is, in ther wrds, fr example, fr instance, such as...
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷II） I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld .It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read ,using different vices ,as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it !It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks .
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
9.Which wrd best describes the authr’s relatinship with bks as a child?
A.Cperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.
10.What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A.Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B.Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C.Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D.A clser bnd develped with the readers.
11.What des the authr call n ther writers t d?
A.Spnsr bk fairs.B.Write fr scial media.
C.Supprt libraries.D.Purchase her nvels.
12.Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Reading: A Surce f Knwledge
B.My Idea abut writing
C.Library: A Haven fr the Yung
D.My Lve f the Library
【答案】9.C 10.B 11.C 12.D
【分析】
本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
9.推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties. I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
10.词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew lder and became a mther可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and bks were ur main surce (来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
11.细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
12.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
4.语境推断法
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
1. 根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, nt, but, hwever, despite, in spite f, in cntrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。
例如：A child’s birthday party desn’t have t be a hassle; it can be a basket f fun.
What des the underlined wrd ＂hassle＂ (paragraph 1) prbably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thught
C. a situatin causing difficulty r truble
D. a demand made by guests
根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket f fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
2. 根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, als, as well as 等。
例如：Green lves t talk, and his brthers are similarly lquacius.
该句中副词similarly表明短语lves t talk和lquacius 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出lquacius的意思是＂健谈的＂。
3. 根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例如：I feel that since yu are my superir , it wuld be presumptuus f me t tell yu what t d .
The wrd ＂presumptuus＂ in the middle f the passage is clsest in meaning t ＂__________ ＂.
A. full f respect
B. t cnfident and rude
C. lacking in experience
D. t shy and quiet
根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（＂既然你是我的上司＂），我们可以推断这里presumptuus的意思是：＂冒失的，放肆的＂意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
Pruning is imprtant because it encurages the grwth f tender shts, r yung leaves.
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：＂修剪（树枝等）＂的意思。
4. 根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。
例如：William Shakespeare said. ＂The web f ur life is f a mingled yarn（纱线），gd and ill tgether.＂
The underlined wrd ＂mingled＂ in the last paragraph mst prbably means .
A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy
句中gd and ill tgether 更具体地说明了 a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：＂混合的，交织的＂，答案是：B。
Is it pssible t beat high bld pressure withut drugs ? The answer is ＂yes＂, accrding t the researchers at Jhns Hpkins and three ther medical centers.
根据and three ther medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Jhns Hpkins 是一家医疗中心。
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷I）In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
1.What made Mr Bissell return t Uzbekistan?
A.His friends' invitatin.B.His interest in the cuntry.
C.His lve fr teaching.D.His desire t regain health.
2.What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A.Develping a serius mental disease.
B.Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C.Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D.Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
3.Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell's rad trip in Uzbekistan?
A.Rmantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerus.
4.What is the purpse f this text?
A.T intrduce a bk.B.T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C.T remember a writer.D.T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【答案】1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A
【分析】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry. he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
2.词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
4.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
5.构词推断法
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unfreseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fre, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fre是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unfreseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
1. 根据前缀猜测词义
例如：D yu have any strng pinin n c-educatinal r single-sex schls?
根据词根educatinal （教育的），结合前缀c-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出c-educatinal的意思是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。
2. 根据后缀猜测词义
例如：It's a quiet, cmfrtable htel verlking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncmmercialized Crnish fishing village n England's mst sutherly pint.
后缀 -ise/ize意思是＂使成为…；使…化＂，结合词根cmmercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncmmercialized 的意思是：＂未被商业化的＂。
3. 根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如：Gd tl design is imprtant in the preventin f veruse injuries. Well-designed tls and equipment will require less frce t perate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand psitins.
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是＂设计精巧的＂意思。
We live in a technlgical sciety where mst gds are mass-prduced by unskilled labr. Because f this, mst peple that craft (手艺) n lnger exists.
根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和prduce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-prduce的意思是：＂大批量生产；规模生产＂的意思。
例如：…Baker cncludes that peple d nt have the ability t sense when they’re being stared at. If peple dubt the utcme f his tw experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see fr themselves.” …
70. The underlined wrd “utcme” in the last paragraph mst prbably means .
A. value B. result
C. perfrmance D. cnnectin
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组cme ut 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
【题型演练】
1
One perid f ur lives when better results are demanded f us is, strangely enugh, childhd. Despite being yung we are expected t achieve gd grades, stay ut f truble, make friends at schl, d well n tests, perfrm chres (家务事) at hme and s n. It’s nt easy.
The gd news is that being likeable can help a child perfrm better. Likeable children enjy many advantages, including the ability t cpe mre easily with stresses f grwing up. In her bk Understanding Child Stress, Dr. Carlyn Lenard states that children wh are likeable and ptimistic are able t gain supprt frm thers. This leads t fcus and resilience (适应力), the ability t recver frm r adjust early t life stress; a child wh has adequate emtinal armr can cntinue dwn the path t success. Much research shws that resilience has enabled children t succeed in schl, avid drug abuse, and develp a healthy self-awareness.
Why des a likeable child mre easily handle stress and d better in his r her life? Because likeability helps create what’s knwn as a psitive feedback lp (回馈圈). The psitive feelings yu want t see in ther peple are returned t yu, creating cnstant encuragement and mtivatin, t deal with the daily stress f life.
This feedback lp cntinues int adulthd. T return nce again t the example f teaching, learning becmes easier with a likeable persnality. Michael Deluecchi f the University f Hawaii reviewed dzens f studies t determine if likeable teachers received gd ratings because f their likeability r because they in fact taught well.Deluecchi fund that “students wh perceive a teacher as likeable, in cntrast t thse wh d nt, may be mre attentive t the infrmatin that the teacher delivers, and they’ll wrk harder n assignments, and they will learn mre”.
Yu may have nticed this pattern in yur wn life when yu try t give sme advice. The mre psitive yur relatinship with that persn, the mre he r she seems t listen, and the mre yu feel certain that that persn has heard yu and intends t act n yur wrds.
1. The writer implies in the first paragraph that ________.
A. children are expected mre than we usually think
B. life is nt easy fr every ne f us
C. better educatin results in smarter children
D. t be a likeable child is almst impssible
2. Accrding t Dr. Lenard, likeable children ________.
A. can cpe mre easily with stress independently
B. knw hw t avid truble and unpleasant events
C. are always ptimistic and ready t help thse in need
D. can achieve mre and understand themselves better
3. The term “emtinal armr” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A. mental supprt frm friendsB. mental supprt frm adults
C. failures in lifeD. ability t handle life stress
4. The main purpse f the studies dne by Michael Delucchi is t find ________.
A. if a likeable teacher has a psitive persnality
B. if a likeable teacher draws mre attentin
C. hw a teacher’s likeability gains ppularity
D. hw a likeable teacher’s teaching style is frmed
5. The passage aims at prving that ________.
A. likeable peple d better in life generally
B. likeable peple d better in their childhd
C. scial creatures enjy fewer advantages
D. likeable peple give better advice
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。短文通过讨人喜欢的孩子和讨人喜欢的老师对孩子的影响的例子来说明讨人喜欢的人通常在生活中做得更好。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中Despite being yung we are expected t achieve gd grades, stay ut f truble, make friends at schl, d well n tests, perfrm chres (杂务)at hme and s n.“尽管还年轻，我们被期望取得好成绩，远离麻烦，在学校交朋友，在考试中取得好成绩，在家里做家务等等。”由此可知，作者在第一段暗示孩子们比我们通常认为的更受期待。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中Dr. Carlyn Lenard states that children wh are likeable and ptimistic are able t gain supprt frm thers. This leads t fcus and resilience（适应力）, the ability t recver frm r adjust early t life stress.“卡洛琳·伦纳德博士指出，可爱、讨人喜欢的孩子能够获得他人的支持。这将导致专注力和恢复力，以及从生活压力中恢复或及早调整的能力。”由此可知，伦纳德博士说，可爱的孩子可以取得更多成就，也能更好地了解自己。故选D。
3. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中This leads t fcus and resilience (适应力), the ability t recver frm r adjust early t life stress;“这就导致了专注力和恢复力，即及早从生活压力中恢复或调整的能力。所以一个处理生活压力的能力的孩子可以在通往成功的道路上继续前进。”由此推知，划线部分指的是“处理生活压力的能力”。故选D。
4. 细节理解题。根据第四段中Michael Delucchi f the University f Hawaii reviewed dzens f studies t determine if likeable teachers received gd ratings because f their likeability r because they in fact taught well.“夏威夷大学的迈克尔·德鲁奇(Michael Delucchi)回顾了数十项研究，以确定讨人喜欢的老师获得高分是因为他们受人喜爱，还是因为他们实际上教得好。”由此可知，Michael Delucchi所做的研究的主要目的是发现一个讨人喜欢的老师是否能吸引更多的注意。故选B。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Why des a likeable child mre easily handle stress and d better in his r her life?”为什么一个讨人喜欢的孩子更容易处理压力，在他或她的生活中做得更好?。根据第四段“Deluecchi fund that “students wh perceive a teacher as likeable, in cntrast t thse wh d nt, may be mre attentive t the infrmatin that the teacher delivers, and they’ll wrk harder n assignments, and they will learn mre”.”Delecchi发现，“与那些认为老师不讨人喜欢的学生相比，那些认为老师讨人喜欢的学生可能会更注意老师传递的信息，他们会更努力地完成作业，也会学到更多东西。”由此判断出，短文通过讨人喜欢的孩子和讨人喜欢的老师对孩子的影响的例子来说明讨人喜欢的人通常在生活中做得更好。故选A。
2
Did yu knw that the clr f unifrms can influence the perfrmance f an athlete? It may sund strange, but a study suggests this might be true.
Tw British scientists studied the results f fur sprts in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games where the athletes had been given either a red r a blue unifrm. They discvered that when there was a big difference in the scre, clr had n influence n the result. But if it was a clse match, the athlete in a red unifrm was mre likely t win. Then they lked at the unifrms f the sccer teams at the Eur 2004 turnament (锦标赛). Again, teams wearing red wn mre games.
The tw scientists gt their idea frm earlier studies f wild animals. It had been discvered that when a male shws red n its bdy, it sends a signal f its pwer and strength. Fr example, in many kinds f mnkey, the mre the male shws ff its red scars (伤疤) , the mre females it can attract.
Based n this fact, the British scientists thught that the idea might wrk fr humans, t. Accrding t them, when an athlete sees a cmpetitr in a red unifrm, he gets a feeling that he culdn’t be strnger than his cmpetitr. And that kind f feeling may have a bad influence n the player’s perfrmance in the actual game.
Althugh the idea is interesting, mst peple dn’t accept that clr signals in the animal wrld can really be useful t humans in sprts. They think that it is unreasnable t develp an idea based n such a small number f examples. Much mre research has t be dne t prve the influence f unifrm clrs n the perfrmance f athletes.
6. What did the scientists find ut abut the 2004 Athens Olympic Games?
A. Athletes dressed in red scred mre in a clse match.
B. Game results had a big influence n the athletes.
C. Athletes played equally well in fur sprts.
D. There was a big difference in red and blue teams’ scres.
7. The underlined part “that kind f feeling” in the text refers t a feeling f .
A. dangerB. shameC. prideD. weakness
8. What is mst peple’s attitude twards the scientists’ idea?
A. Interested.B. DubtfulC. SatisfiedD. Grateful.
【答案】6. A 7. D 8. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家通过研究2004年雅典奥运会的运动员所穿衣服的颜色，发现当分数差异大，颜色没有影响得分的结果。但如果这是一场势均力敌的比赛，着红色制服的运动员更容易赢得比赛。在动物界中有红色伤疤动物更有权威与力量，更有吸引力，由此认为颜色会对人类的运动有影响，但大多数的人持怀疑的态度。这一点也有待于更多的研究来证明。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“They discvered that when there was a big difference in the scre, clr had n influence n the result. But if it was a clse match, the athlete in a red unifrm was mre likely t win.”及最后一句“…Again, teams wearing red wn mre games.”可知当有分数差异大，颜色没有影响的结果。但如果这是一场势均力敌的比赛，穿红色制服的运动员更容易赢。选项A符合题意，故选A。
7. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“when an athlete sees a cmpetitr in a red unifrm, he gets a feeling that his cmpetitr culd be strnger than him. And that kind f feeling may have a bad influence n the player’s perfrmance in the actual game.”可知，当运动员看到穿红色制服的竞争对手，他觉得他的竞争对手可能会比他强。这种感觉（别人比他强大，而自己相对弱小的感觉）可能在真正的比赛中对选手造成不良影响。所以这种感觉是自己比别人弱小的感觉。选项D符合题意，故选D。
8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Althugh the idea is interesting, mst peple dn’t accept that clr signals in the animal wrld can really be useful t humans in sprts. They think that it is unreasnable t develp an idea based n such a small number f examples. Much mre research has t be dne t prve the influence f unifrm clrs n the perfrmance f athletes.”(虽然这个想法很有趣，大多数人却不接受在动物世界中的颜色信号真的在人类体育有用。他们认为基于这样一个小的例子得出的观点是不合理的，还必须做更多的研究来证明颜色影响运动员的表现。)由此可知，对于科学家们的研究结果，大多数人是持怀疑态度的，故选B。
3
A large number f peple want t grw their wn garden, but they simply d nt have the rm. D nt wrry. There is a slutin. Cnsider cntainer gardening.
The great thing abut cntainer gardening is that yu can use a variety f different cntainers. Yu simply have t use yur imaginatin. Yu culd create a beautiful garden with things such as cement blcks, hanging baskets, clay pts, r windw bxes. There are s many ptins when it cmes t cntainer gardening; it is nly limited by yur imaginatin.
Of curse, yu will want t take the fllwing int cnsideratin when yu are ready t begin cntainer gardening, in rder fr it t be successful.
First, yu shuld avid any cntainers that have been used t stre chemicals, as well as treated wd. This culd lead t the sudden death f yur flwers and lead t the failure f yur cntainer gardening.
With any cntainer that yu chse, yu need t ensure that it allws the water in it t drain when necessary. S it may be imprtant fr yu t create hles in the cntainer t help this alng. Yu shuld als make sure the cntainers are placed n a raised surface, nt upn the flr, t ensure the best pssible drainage.
Ensure that the cntainers yu chse are apprpriate (合适的) in size fr the plants yu chse. Yu need t prevent the rts frm vergrwing the cntainer.
If yu like fresh veggies, yu culd cnsider cntainer gardening with vegetables. This requires a prcess that differs frm that f flwer gardening. Talk t an emplyee at a supply stre in yur area. They can help yu chse the right cntainers fr the vegetables yu are wishing t grw.
9. Which f the fllwing may be imprper materials fr cntainer gardening?
A. Cement blcks.B. Treated wd.
C. Windw bxes.D. Clay pts.
10. What des the underlined wrd “drain” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. T pick up.B. T give up.
C. T flw away.D. T gain ppularity.
11. Cmpared t flwer gardening, what d we knw abut vegetable gardening?
A. It needs special cntainers.B. It requires mre time.
C. It demands mre water.D. It seems much easier.
12. Wh may be interested in the text?
A. Peple wh have a big yard.
B. Citizens wh enjy gardening.
C. Farmers wh are gd at gardening.
D. Children wh like utdr activities.
【答案】9. B 10. C 11. A 12. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文作者针对没有空间，如何选用合适的容器进行园艺种植这一问题，给出了自己的一些建议。
9. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“First, yu shuld avid any cntainers that have been used t stre chemicals, as well as treated wd.”（首先，你应该避免使用任何用于储存化学品的容器，以及处理过的木材。）可知，处理过的木材不适合被当作园艺种植的容器。故选B。
10. 词句猜测题。根据下文“t create hles in the cntainer t help this alng.”（在容器上开一些洞来帮助这个过程。）可推知，划线词所在的句子意思是“对于任何你选择的容器，你都需要确保在必要的时候能让里面的水排掉。”由此可知drain意为“排水”。故选C。
11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This requires a prcess that differs frm that f flwer gardening. Talk t an emplyee at a supply stre in yur area. They can help yu chse the right cntainers fr the vegetables yu are wishing t grw.”（这需要一个不同于园艺的过程。和你所在地区的供应商店的员工谈谈。他们可以帮助你为你想要种植的蔬菜选择合适的容器。）可推知，和花园种植相比较，蔬菜种植需要特殊的容器。故选A。
12. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A large number f peple want t grw their wn garden, but they simply d nt have the rm. D nt wrry. There is a slutin. Cnsider cntainer gardening.”（很多人想要种植自己的花园，但他们根本没有空间。不要担心。有一个解决办法。考虑集装箱园艺。）可推知，喜欢园艺种植的市民可能对这篇文章感兴趣。故选B。
4
With races delayed and utdr exercise limited, COVID-19 has put the brakes n China’s previusly bming marathn industry as event rganizers struggle t make ends meet during the crisis. The sparse turnut（到场人数）f runners at Beijing’s Olympic Frest Park these days bears witness t the decline.
Despite the successful cntainment f the utbreak in China, fears ver the ptential risks f mass gatherings clearly remain within the running cmmunity, while the virus-enfrced business shutdwn has created a severe challenge t rganizers and prmters invlved in the sprt. Event rganizers are struggling t survive thrugh the crisis with the majrity f their surce f incme dried up.
Last Thursday’s cancellatin f the 2020 Chengdu Panda Marathn shwed that lcal gverning bdies and rganizers remain cautius against the virus despite a grwing urge amng the running cmmunity t get back t nrmality. With this year’s emptied spring schedule, industry experts expect that businesses face a daunting（令人生畏的）secnd half f the year even if races are allwed t restart.
“Due t the delay f events riginally scheduled in the first half, the number f races will skyrcket in the secnd half if the gvernment gives the green light,” said Chen Guqiang, a sprts scilgy researcher at Shanghai University f Sprt. “Event rganizers will have t cmpete harder against each ther t attract enugh runners, spnsrs and media expsure t make their races prfitable.”
Ba Mingxia, directr f the China Sprts Ecnmic Research Center, suggests that race rganizers and prmters shuld fcus n imprving race quality by prviding mre prfessinal services and better nline interactins with participants whenever events restart. “The rising public awareness f having a healthy lifestyle will nly be strengthened after the crnavirus(冠状病毒) crisis,” Ba said during an nline frum(论坛) earlier last mnth. “Fr the lng term, the sprt participatin and cnsumptin will be very likely t bunce back.”
13. What prblem des the authr talk abut in Paragraph 1?
A. The marathn industry is suffering.
B. Peple are living beynd their incme.
C. Peple’s health is wrsening ver time.
D. The ppularity f utdr sprt is declining.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cntainment” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Recvery.B. Treatment.
C. Cntrl.D. Predictin.
15. What des the cancellatin f the 2020 Chengdu Panda Marathn indicate?
A. Mst industries are facing difficulties.
B. The crnavirus is still very serius.
C. Less and less runners are interested in the races.
D. The gvernment is still careful abut the crnavirus.
16. What’s Ba Mingxia’s attitude twards the future f the market fr running events?
A. Neutral.B. Psitive.
C. Negative.D. Dubtful.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述了新冠肺炎疫情期间，马拉松行业也受到了影响，尽管中国疫情得到控制，但是人们仍然很小心。在冠状病毒危机之后，公众对健康生活方式意识的提高才会得到加强，从长期来看，体育参与和消费将很有可能反弹。
13. 主旨大意题。根据第一段，“With races delayed and utdr exercise limited, COVID-19 has put the brakes n China’s previusly bming marathn industry”（随着比赛的推迟，和户外锻炼的限制，新冠病毒也让中国以前繁荣的马拉松行业踩了刹车），由此可知，本段点明文章主题，马拉松行业在疫情中也受到了影响。故选A。
14. 词义猜测题。解析划线词的句子，“Despite the successful cntainment f the utbreak in China, fears ver the ptential risks f mass gatherings clearly remain within the running cmmunity”，despite为让步状语，表示其意义与主句意思为转折关系，后面句子意为“对大规模集会的潜在风险的担忧显然仍然存在于跑步界，而病毒强制导致的商业关闭已经给这项运动的组织者和推广者带来了严峻挑战。”，所以可以推测出前面状语为“尽管中国成功地控制了疫情”。所以划线词的意思是“控制”。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据第三度第一句话，“Last Thursday’s cancellatin f the 2020 Chengdu Panda Marathn shwed that lcal gverning bdies and rganizers remain cautius against the virus despite a grwing urge amng the running cmmunity t get back t nrmality.”（上周四的2020年成都熊猫马拉松的取消表明，当地政府机构和组织者们对于病毒仍然很小心，尽管在社区内有越来越多的呼声要回归正常），由此可知，政府部门对于疫情期间组织活动仍然心存芥蒂，因此把原定的马拉松比赛取消。故选D。
16. 推理判断题。根据文中Ba Mingxia所说的话，“The rising public awareness f having a healthy lifestyle will nly be strengthened after the crnavirus(冠状病毒) crisis,” Ba said during an nline frum(论坛) earlier last mnth. “Fr the lng term, the sprt participatin and cnsumptin will be very likely t bunce back.”（过着健康的生活方式的意识将只会在此次病毒危机之后得到加强），由此可知，在冠状病毒危机之后，公众对健康生活方式意识的提高才会得到加强，从长期来看，体育参与和消费将很有可能反弹。因此可推断他对于跑步赛事的未来是乐观的。故选B。
5
Fr years, the U.S. has experienced a shrtage f registered nurses. The Bureau f Labr Statistics prjects that while the number f nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grw faster than supply, and that there will be ver ne millin unfilled nursing jbs by then.
S what's the slutin? Rbts.
Japan is ahead f the curve when it cmes t this trend. Tyhashi University f Technlgy has develped Terapi, a rbtic medical cart that can make hspital runds, deliver medicatins and ther items. It fllws a specific individual, such as a dctr r nurse, wh can use it t recrd and access patient data. This type f rbt will likely t be ne f the first t be implemented in hspitals because it has fairly minimal patient cntact.
A rbt's appearance affects its ability t successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Cllabratin Center fr Human-Interactive Rbt Research decided t develp a rbtic nurse called Acntrid F. It is s human-like that sme patients may nt knw the difference. This cnversatinal rbt cmpanin has cameras in its eyes, which allw it t track patients and use apprpriate facial expressins and bdy language in its interactins. During a mnth-lng hspital trial, researchers asked 70 patients hw they felt being arund the rbt and “nly three r fur said they didn't like having it arund”.
It's imprtant t nte that rbtic nurses dn't decide curses f treatment r make diagnses. Instead, they perfrm rutine and labrius tasks, freeing nurses up t attend t patients with immediate needs. This is ne industry where it seems the interactin f rbts will lead t cllabratin, nt replacement.
17. What des the authr say abut Japan?
A. It ranks tp in future rbtics technlgy.
B. It takes the lead in ffering rbtic nursing.
C. It is in desperate need f registered nurses.
D. It prvides the best medicatin fr the elderly.
18. Which f the fllwing best explains “implemented” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A. cancelled.B. cnstructed.C. imprved.D. applied.
19. What d we knw abut the rbt Actrid F?
A. It has n difference frm a human nurse.
B. It gets favrable remarks frm all the patients.
C. It interacts with patients like a human cmpanin.
D. It uses bdy language even mre effectively than wrds.
20. What is the authr's attitude twards rbtic nurses?
A. SkepticalB. PsitiveC. CriticalD. Indifferent
【答案】17. B 18. D 19. C 20. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，日本率先提供机器人护理，但机器人并不能取代真正的护士。
17. 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Fr years, the U.S. has experienced a shrtage f registered nurses.”（多年来，美国一直缺少注册护士。），第二段“S what's the slutin? Rbts.”（那么解决办法是什么呢？机器人。）和第三段中的“Japan is ahead f the curve when it cmes t this trend. Tyhashi University f Technlgy has develped Terapi, a rbtic medical cart that can make hspital runds, deliver medicatins and ther items.”（谈到这一趋势，日本走在了前面。丰桥理工大学开发了Terapi，一种机器人医疗车，可以在医院巡视，运送药物和其他物品。），可知对于缺少注册护士，日本率先提供机器人护理，即日本在提供机器人护理方面处于领先地位。故选B项。
18. 词义猜测题。由第三段中的“It fllws a specific individual, such as a dctr r nurse, wh can use it t recrd and access patient data. This type f rbt will likely t be ne f the first t be implemented in hspitals because it has fairly minimal patient cntact.”（它跟踪特定的个人，如医生或护士，他们可以使用它来记录和访问患者数据。这种机器人很可能是第一批在医院中implemented的机器人之一，因为它与病人的接触非常少。），可知此种机器人能在医院帮助医生或护士，所以这种机器人很可能在医院被应用，implemented在此处意为“applied（被应用）”。故选D项。
19. 细节理解题。由第四段中的“This cnversatinal rbt cmpanin has cameras in its eyes, which allw it t track patients and use apprpriate facial expressins and bdy language in its interactins.”（这种会说话的机器人伴侣眼睛里有摄像头，可以跟踪病人，并在互动中使用适当的面部表情和肢体语言。），可知Actrid F机器人伴侣可以和病人说话，使用适当的面部表情和肢体语言与病人互动，即它像人类同伴一样与患者互动。故选C项。
20. 推理判断题。由最后一段“It's imprtant t nte that rbtic nurses dn't decide curses f treatment r make diagnses. Instead, they perfrm rutine and labrius tasks, freeing nurses up t attend t patients with immediate needs. This is ne industry where it seems the interactin f rbts will lead t cllabratin, nt replacement.”（值得注意的是，机器人护士不会决定疗程或做出诊断。相反，它们执行例行和艰苦的任务，让护士能照顾有迫切需要的病人。在这个行业，机器人的互动似乎会导致协作，而不是替代。），可知机器人不会让护士变得多余，而是和护士一起合作，说明作者对机器人护士持肯定/积极的（Psitive）态度。故选B项。
6
In the internet era, ne culd becme a web celebrity within secnds.
This is true f Tamdrin, a 20-year-ld Tibetan man, wh recently attracted a lt f attentin after a phtgrapher psted a less than 10-secnd vide f him n Duyin. Tamdrin nw lives in Litang Cunty f Garze Tibetan Autnmus Prefecture, Sichuan prvince.
The netizens are amazed at his pretty face with sun-kissed skin, a mp f brwn hair and an “angelic and cmfrting” smile. In particular, Tamdrin had “stars in his eyes”. Peple think that he is different frm tday’s ppular yung male idls wh are characterized fr their beautifully clean faces, fair skin and delicate makeup.
On Nv. 19, Tamdrin psted his first vide n his wn Duyin accunt. As frm Nv. 24, the vide received mre than 2.2 millin likes and ver 100,000 cmments, and he garnered ver 2.5 millin fllwers.
After Tamdrin sht t sudden stardm, sme cmpanies invited him t becme a prfessinal nline celebrity. Instead f ding this, Tamdrin was emplyed by a state-wned cmpany, “Tamdrin has been hired t prmte the turism f Litang Cunty and Garze Tibetan Autnmus Prefecture,” Ga Xiaping tld Red Star News. Ga is a deputy manager f the cunty’s culture, turism and sprts investment develpment cmpany. “He’ll get a mnthly salary f 3,500 yuan as well as insurance and subsidies. We’ll check the qualificatins f the cmpanies that want t cperate with him t prevent him frm being cheated,” he added.
“I’m mre than delighted t see that Tibetans are increasingly becming internet celebrities,” Sangyeshung, a Tibetan man wh wrks as a physician fr the Ganlu Tibetan Medicine Grup in the Tibet Autnmus Regin, tld China Daily. "They can intrduce Tibetan culture, fd and places f interest t the wrld,” he said.
21. Why is Tamdrin a special celebrity?
A. He is f natural beauty and purity.B. He wears delicate makeup.
C. He is typical f tday’s male idls.D. He is the first Tibetan t pst vides.
22. What des the underlined wrd “garnered” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Praised.B. Obtained.C. Resisted.D. Challenged.
23. What did Tamdrin d after becming famus?
A. He sht a mvie abut Tibet.
B. He helped develp lcal turism.
C. He became a tur guide in Litang Cunty.
D. He gt the qualificatin t start a cmpany.
24. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Life f a Tibetan ByB. The Influence f Duyin
C. Instant Fame f a Tibetan ByD. Qualificatins f Being a Web Celebrity
【答案】21. A22. B23. B24. C
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了网红丁天真以及走红后他促进了家乡四川甘孜藏族自治州理塘县旅游业的发展。
21. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The netizens are amazed at his pretty face with sun-kissed skin, a mp f brwn hair and an “angelic and cmfrting” smile. In particular, Tamdrin had “stars in his eyes”. (网友们都惊叹于他那被阳光亲吻的漂亮脸蛋、一头蓬松的棕色头发和一个“天使般的、令人安慰的”微笑。特别是丁天真“眼睛里有星星”。)”可知，丁天真是个特别的名人，因为他有天生的美和纯洁。故选A项。
22. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“As frm Nv. 24, the vide received mre than 2.2 millin likes and ver 100,000 cmments, and he garnered ver 2.5 millin fllwers. (自11月24日起，该视频收到了超过220万个赞和10万多条评论，他________超过250万粉丝。)”由该视频很受关注和丁天真有250万粉丝，可知，划线词garnered 意为“获得，拥有”。故选B项。
23. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“ Instead f ding this, Tamdrin was emplyed by a state-wned cmpany, “Tamdrin has been hired t prmte the turism f Litang Cunty and Garze Tibetan Autnmus Prefecture,” Ga Xiaping tld Red Star News. (相反，丁天真受雇于一家国有公司，“丁天真被雇请来促进理塘县和甘孜藏族自治州的旅游业，”高小平告诉红星新闻。)”可知，丁天真成名后帮助发展了当地的旅游业。故选B项。
24. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“This is true f Tamdrin, a 20-year-ld Tibetan man, wh recently attracted a lt f attentin after a phtgrapher psted a less than 10-secnd vide f him n Duyin. (一位摄影师在抖音上发布了一段不到10秒的视频，这名20岁的藏族男子丁天真最近吸引了大量关注。)”以及第五段中“ Instead f ding this, Tamdrin was emplyed by a state-wned cmpany, “Tamdrin has been hired t prmte the turism f Litang Cunty and Garze Tibetan Autnmus Prefecture,” Ga Xiaping tld Red Star News. (相反，丁天真受雇于一家国有公司，“丁天真被雇请来促进理塘县和甘孜藏族自治州的旅游业，”高小平告诉红星新闻。)”可知，本文主要介绍了网红丁天真以及走红后他促进了家乡四川甘孜藏族自治州理塘县旅游业的发展。因此本文的最佳标题选项C“一个藏族男孩一夜成名”符合题意。故选C项。
【考试方向】词义猜测是英语应用能力使用的重要体现，也是高考必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】
1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词 在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词 义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物 之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
1. The underlined wrd “…” in the secnd(third…) paragraph refers t(means) ______.
2. By saying that “…” in the first(secnd…) paragraph, the authr means that ______.
3. In paragraph …, “…” can be replaced by “______”.
4. The meaning f “…” in paragraph… is related t ______.
5. Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t…(paragraph…)?
6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph prbably means that _____.
【答题技巧】
对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
1.相似法
利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或r，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或r连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷III）When “Rise f the Planet f the Apes” was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks fr nt using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet “Apes” is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including “Water fr Elephants,” “The Hangver Part Ⅱ” and “Zkeeper,” have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the States.
5.Why did the animal activists gather n Hllywd Bulevard?
A.T see famus film stars.
B.T ppse wearing fur cats.
C.T raise mney fr animal prtectin.
D.T express thanks t sme filmmakers.
6.What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A.The cst f making “Apes.”
B.The creatin f digitalized apes.
C.The publicity abut “Apes.”
D.The perfrmance f real apes.
7.What des the underlined phrase “keeping tabs n” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.Listing cmpletely.
B.Directing prfessinally.
C.Prmting successfully.
D.Watching carefully.
8.What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut animal actrs?
A.They may be badly treated.
B.They shuld take further training.
C.They culd be traded illegally
D.They wuld lse ppularity.
【答案】5.D 6.B 7.D 8.A
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
5.细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, ne activist ,dressed in a full -bdy mnkey suit ,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks fr nt using real apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
6.主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that I recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
7.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants," "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper," have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
8.推理判断题。根据最后一段In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
2.对比法
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词ht and cld, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
表示对比的信号词有yet, but, while, thugh, hwever, therwise, n the ne the ther hand, fr ne anther thing, instead f等。
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷I）Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly(表面上)participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test: the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
13.What is the recent study mainly abut?
A.Fd safety.B.Mvie viewership.
C.Cnsumer demand.D.Eating behavir.
14.What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A.Big eaters.B.Overweight persns.
C.Picky eaters.D.Tall thin persns.
15.Why did the researchers hire the actr?
A.T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B.T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C.T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D.T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
16.On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?
A.Hw hungry we are.B.Hw slim we want t be.
C.Hw we perceive thers.D.Hw we feel abut the fd.
【答案】13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C
【分析】
本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。
13.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。
14.词义猜测题。根据前半句“And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanples with big appetites。由cntrary t可推断出，画线词和heavier peple（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier peple正好相反。故选D。
15.推理判断题。根据第二段的“T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
16.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I’ll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I’ll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
3.释义法
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
常见的词有：mean, that is, in ther wrds, fr example, fr instance, such as...
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷II） I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld .It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read ,using different vices ,as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it !It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks .
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
9.Which wrd best describes the authr’s relatinship with bks as a child?
A.Cperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.
10.What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A.Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B.Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C.Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D.A clser bnd develped with the readers.
11.What des the authr call n ther writers t d?
A.Spnsr bk fairs.B.Write fr scial media.
C.Supprt libraries.D.Purchase her nvels.
12.Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Reading: A Surce f Knwledge
B.My Idea abut writing
C.Library: A Haven fr the Yung
D.My Lve f the Library
【答案】9.C 10.B 11.C 12.D
【分析】
本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
9.推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties. I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
10.词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew lder and became a mther可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and bks were ur main surce (来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
11.细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
12.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
4.语境推断法
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
1. 根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, nt, but, hwever, despite, in spite f, in cntrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。
例如：A child’s birthday party desn’t have t be a hassle; it can be a basket f fun.
What des the underlined wrd ＂hassle＂ (paragraph 1) prbably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thught
C. a situatin causing difficulty r truble
D. a demand made by guests
根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket f fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
2. 根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, als, as well as 等。
例如：Green lves t talk, and his brthers are similarly lquacius.
该句中副词similarly表明短语lves t talk和lquacius 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出lquacius的意思是＂健谈的＂。
3. 根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例如：I feel that since yu are my superir , it wuld be presumptuus f me t tell yu what t d .
The wrd ＂presumptuus＂ in the middle f the passage is clsest in meaning t ＂__________ ＂.
A. full f respect
B. t cnfident and rude
C. lacking in experience
D. t shy and quiet
根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（＂既然你是我的上司＂），我们可以推断这里presumptuus的意思是：＂冒失的，放肆的＂意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
Pruning is imprtant because it encurages the grwth f tender shts, r yung leaves.
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：＂修剪（树枝等）＂的意思。
4. 根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。
例如：William Shakespeare said. ＂The web f ur life is f a mingled yarn（纱线），gd and ill tgether.＂
The underlined wrd ＂mingled＂ in the last paragraph mst prbably means .
A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy
句中gd and ill tgether 更具体地说明了 a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：＂混合的，交织的＂，答案是：B。
Is it pssible t beat high bld pressure withut drugs ? The answer is ＂yes＂, accrding t the researchers at Jhns Hpkins and three ther medical centers.
根据and three ther medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Jhns Hpkins 是一家医疗中心。
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷I）In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
1.What made Mr Bissell return t Uzbekistan?
A.His friends' invitatin.B.His interest in the cuntry.
C.His lve fr teaching.D.His desire t regain health.
2.What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A.Develping a serius mental disease.
B.Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C.Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D.Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
3.Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell's rad trip in Uzbekistan?
A.Rmantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerus.
4.What is the purpse f this text?
A.T intrduce a bk.B.T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C.T remember a writer.D.T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【答案】1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A
【分析】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry. he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
2.词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
4.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
5.构词推断法
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unfreseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fre, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fre是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unfreseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
1. 根据前缀猜测词义
例如：D yu have any strng pinin n c-educatinal r single-sex schls?
根据词根educatinal （教育的），结合前缀c-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出c-educatinal的意思是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。
2. 根据后缀猜测词义
例如：It's a quiet, cmfrtable htel verlking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncmmercialized Crnish fishing village n England's mst sutherly pint.
后缀 -ise/ize意思是＂使成为…；使…化＂，结合词根cmmercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncmmercialized 的意思是：＂未被商业化的＂。
3. 根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如：Gd tl design is imprtant in the preventin f veruse injuries. Well-designed tls and equipment will require less frce t perate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand psitins.
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是＂设计精巧的＂意思。
We live in a technlgical sciety where mst gds are mass-prduced by unskilled labr. Because f this, mst peple that craft (手艺) n lnger exists.
根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和prduce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-prduce的意思是：＂大批量生产；规模生产＂的意思。
例如：…Baker cncludes that peple d nt have the ability t sense when they’re being stared at. If peple dubt the utcme f his tw experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see fr themselves.” …
70. The underlined wrd “utcme” in the last paragraph mst prbably means .
A. value B. result
C. perfrmance D. cnnectin
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组cme ut 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
【题型演练】
1
One perid f ur lives when better results are demanded f us is, strangely enugh, childhd. Despite being yung we are expected t achieve gd grades, stay ut f truble, make friends at schl, d well n tests, perfrm chres (家务事) at hme and s n. It’s nt easy.
The gd news is that being likeable can help a child perfrm better. Likeable children enjy many advantages, including the ability t cpe mre easily with stresses f grwing up. In her bk Understanding Child Stress, Dr. Carlyn Lenard states that children wh are likeable and ptimistic are able t gain supprt frm thers. This leads t fcus and resilience (适应力), the ability t recver frm r adjust early t life stress; a child wh has adequate emtinal armr can cntinue dwn the path t success. Much research shws that resilience has enabled children t succeed in schl, avid drug abuse, and develp a healthy self-awareness.
Why des a likeable child mre easily handle stress and d better in his r her life? Because likeability helps create what’s knwn as a psitive feedback lp (回馈圈). The psitive feelings yu want t see in ther peple are returned t yu, creating cnstant encuragement and mtivatin, t deal with the daily stress f life.
This feedback lp cntinues int adulthd. T return nce again t the example f teaching, learning becmes easier with a likeable persnality. Michael Deluecchi f the University f Hawaii reviewed dzens f studies t determine if likeable teachers received gd ratings because f their likeability r because they in fact taught well.Deluecchi fund that “students wh perceive a teacher as likeable, in cntrast t thse wh d nt, may be mre attentive t the infrmatin that the teacher delivers, and they’ll wrk harder n assignments, and they will learn mre”.
Yu may have nticed this pattern in yur wn life when yu try t give sme advice. The mre psitive yur relatinship with that persn, the mre he r she seems t listen, and the mre yu feel certain that that persn has heard yu and intends t act n yur wrds.
1. The writer implies in the first paragraph that ________.
A. children are expected mre than we usually think
B. life is nt easy fr every ne f us
C. better educatin results in smarter children
D. t be a likeable child is almst impssible
2. Accrding t Dr. Lenard, likeable children ________.
A. can cpe mre easily with stress independently
B. knw hw t avid truble and unpleasant events
C. are always ptimistic and ready t help thse in need
D. can achieve mre and understand themselves better
3. The term “emtinal armr” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A. mental supprt frm friendsB. mental supprt frm adults
C. failures in lifeD. ability t handle life stress
4. The main purpse f the studies dne by Michael Delucchi is t find ________.
A. if a likeable teacher has a psitive persnality
B. if a likeable teacher draws mre attentin
C. hw a teacher’s likeability gains ppularity
D. hw a likeable teacher’s teaching style is frmed
5. The passage aims at prving that ________.
A. likeable peple d better in life generally
B. likeable peple d better in their childhd
C. scial creatures enjy fewer advantages
D. likeable peple give better advice
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。短文通过讨人喜欢的孩子和讨人喜欢的老师对孩子的影响的例子来说明讨人喜欢的人通常在生活中做得更好。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中Despite being yung we are expected t achieve gd grades, stay ut f truble, make friends at schl, d well n tests, perfrm chres (杂务)at hme and s n.“尽管还年轻，我们被期望取得好成绩，远离麻烦，在学校交朋友，在考试中取得好成绩，在家里做家务等等。”由此可知，作者在第一段暗示孩子们比我们通常认为的更受期待。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中Dr. Carlyn Lenard states that children wh are likeable and ptimistic are able t gain supprt frm thers. This leads t fcus and resilience（适应力）, the ability t recver frm r adjust early t life stress.“卡洛琳·伦纳德博士指出，可爱、讨人喜欢的孩子能够获得他人的支持。这将导致专注力和恢复力，以及从生活压力中恢复或及早调整的能力。”由此可知，伦纳德博士说，可爱的孩子可以取得更多成就，也能更好地了解自己。故选D。
3. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中This leads t fcus and resilience (适应力), the ability t recver frm r adjust early t life stress;“这就导致了专注力和恢复力，即及早从生活压力中恢复或调整的能力。所以一个处理生活压力的能力的孩子可以在通往成功的道路上继续前进。”由此推知，划线部分指的是“处理生活压力的能力”。故选D。
4. 细节理解题。根据第四段中Michael Delucchi f the University f Hawaii reviewed dzens f studies t determine if likeable teachers received gd ratings because f their likeability r because they in fact taught well.“夏威夷大学的迈克尔·德鲁奇(Michael Delucchi)回顾了数十项研究，以确定讨人喜欢的老师获得高分是因为他们受人喜爱，还是因为他们实际上教得好。”由此可知，Michael Delucchi所做的研究的主要目的是发现一个讨人喜欢的老师是否能吸引更多的注意。故选B。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Why des a likeable child mre easily handle stress and d better in his r her life?”为什么一个讨人喜欢的孩子更容易处理压力，在他或她的生活中做得更好?。根据第四段“Deluecchi fund that “students wh perceive a teacher as likeable, in cntrast t thse wh d nt, may be mre attentive t the infrmatin that the teacher delivers, and they’ll wrk harder n assignments, and they will learn mre”.”Delecchi发现，“与那些认为老师不讨人喜欢的学生相比，那些认为老师讨人喜欢的学生可能会更注意老师传递的信息，他们会更努力地完成作业，也会学到更多东西。”由此判断出，短文通过讨人喜欢的孩子和讨人喜欢的老师对孩子的影响的例子来说明讨人喜欢的人通常在生活中做得更好。故选A。
2
Did yu knw that the clr f unifrms can influence the perfrmance f an athlete? It may sund strange, but a study suggests this might be true.
Tw British scientists studied the results f fur sprts in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games where the athletes had been given either a red r a blue unifrm. They discvered that when there was a big difference in the scre, clr had n influence n the result. But if it was a clse match, the athlete in a red unifrm was mre likely t win. Then they lked at the unifrms f the sccer teams at the Eur 2004 turnament (锦标赛). Again, teams wearing red wn mre games.
The tw scientists gt their idea frm earlier studies f wild animals. It had been discvered that when a male shws red n its bdy, it sends a signal f its pwer and strength. Fr example, in many kinds f mnkey, the mre the male shws ff its red scars (伤疤) , the mre females it can attract.
Based n this fact, the British scientists thught that the idea might wrk fr humans, t. Accrding t them, when an athlete sees a cmpetitr in a red unifrm, he gets a feeling that he culdn’t be strnger than his cmpetitr. And that kind f feeling may have a bad influence n the player’s perfrmance in the actual game.
Althugh the idea is interesting, mst peple dn’t accept that clr signals in the animal wrld can really be useful t humans in sprts. They think that it is unreasnable t develp an idea based n such a small number f examples. Much mre research has t be dne t prve the influence f unifrm clrs n the perfrmance f athletes.
6. What did the scientists find ut abut the 2004 Athens Olympic Games?
A. Athletes dressed in red scred mre in a clse match.
B. Game results had a big influence n the athletes.
C. Athletes played equally well in fur sprts.
D. There was a big difference in red and blue teams’ scres.
7. The underlined part “that kind f feeling” in the text refers t a feeling f .
A. dangerB. shameC. prideD. weakness
8. What is mst peple’s attitude twards the scientists’ idea?
A. Interested.B. DubtfulC. SatisfiedD. Grateful.
【答案】6. A 7. D 8. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家通过研究2004年雅典奥运会的运动员所穿衣服的颜色，发现当分数差异大，颜色没有影响得分的结果。但如果这是一场势均力敌的比赛，着红色制服的运动员更容易赢得比赛。在动物界中有红色伤疤动物更有权威与力量，更有吸引力，由此认为颜色会对人类的运动有影响，但大多数的人持怀疑的态度。这一点也有待于更多的研究来证明。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“They discvered that when there was a big difference in the scre, clr had n influence n the result. But if it was a clse match, the athlete in a red unifrm was mre likely t win.”及最后一句“…Again, teams wearing red wn mre games.”可知当有分数差异大，颜色没有影响的结果。但如果这是一场势均力敌的比赛，穿红色制服的运动员更容易赢。选项A符合题意，故选A。
7. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“when an athlete sees a cmpetitr in a red unifrm, he gets a feeling that his cmpetitr culd be strnger than him. And that kind f feeling may have a bad influence n the player’s perfrmance in the actual game.”可知，当运动员看到穿红色制服的竞争对手，他觉得他的竞争对手可能会比他强。这种感觉（别人比他强大，而自己相对弱小的感觉）可能在真正的比赛中对选手造成不良影响。所以这种感觉是自己比别人弱小的感觉。选项D符合题意，故选D。
8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Althugh the idea is interesting, mst peple dn’t accept that clr signals in the animal wrld can really be useful t humans in sprts. They think that it is unreasnable t develp an idea based n such a small number f examples. Much mre research has t be dne t prve the influence f unifrm clrs n the perfrmance f athletes.”(虽然这个想法很有趣，大多数人却不接受在动物世界中的颜色信号真的在人类体育有用。他们认为基于这样一个小的例子得出的观点是不合理的，还必须做更多的研究来证明颜色影响运动员的表现。)由此可知，对于科学家们的研究结果，大多数人是持怀疑态度的，故选B。
3
A large number f peple want t grw their wn garden, but they simply d nt have the rm. D nt wrry. There is a slutin. Cnsider cntainer gardening.
The great thing abut cntainer gardening is that yu can use a variety f different cntainers. Yu simply have t use yur imaginatin. Yu culd create a beautiful garden with things such as cement blcks, hanging baskets, clay pts, r windw bxes. There are s many ptins when it cmes t cntainer gardening; it is nly limited by yur imaginatin.
Of curse, yu will want t take the fllwing int cnsideratin when yu are ready t begin cntainer gardening, in rder fr it t be successful.
First, yu shuld avid any cntainers that have been used t stre chemicals, as well as treated wd. This culd lead t the sudden death f yur flwers and lead t the failure f yur cntainer gardening.
With any cntainer that yu chse, yu need t ensure that it allws the water in it t drain when necessary. S it may be imprtant fr yu t create hles in the cntainer t help this alng. Yu shuld als make sure the cntainers are placed n a raised surface, nt upn the flr, t ensure the best pssible drainage.
Ensure that the cntainers yu chse are apprpriate (合适的) in size fr the plants yu chse. Yu need t prevent the rts frm vergrwing the cntainer.
If yu like fresh veggies, yu culd cnsider cntainer gardening with vegetables. This requires a prcess that differs frm that f flwer gardening. Talk t an emplyee at a supply stre in yur area. They can help yu chse the right cntainers fr the vegetables yu are wishing t grw.
9. Which f the fllwing may be imprper materials fr cntainer gardening?
A. Cement blcks.B. Treated wd.
C. Windw bxes.D. Clay pts.
10. What des the underlined wrd “drain” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. T pick up.B. T give up.
C. T flw away.D. T gain ppularity.
11. Cmpared t flwer gardening, what d we knw abut vegetable gardening?
A. It needs special cntainers.B. It requires mre time.
C. It demands mre water.D. It seems much easier.
12. Wh may be interested in the text?
A. Peple wh have a big yard.
B. Citizens wh enjy gardening.
C. Farmers wh are gd at gardening.
D. Children wh like utdr activities.
【答案】9. B 10. C 11. A 12. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文作者针对没有空间，如何选用合适的容器进行园艺种植这一问题，给出了自己的一些建议。
9. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“First, yu shuld avid any cntainers that have been used t stre chemicals, as well as treated wd.”（首先，你应该避免使用任何用于储存化学品的容器，以及处理过的木材。）可知，处理过的木材不适合被当作园艺种植的容器。故选B。
10. 词句猜测题。根据下文“t create hles in the cntainer t help this alng.”（在容器上开一些洞来帮助这个过程。）可推知，划线词所在的句子意思是“对于任何你选择的容器，你都需要确保在必要的时候能让里面的水排掉。”由此可知drain意为“排水”。故选C。
11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This requires a prcess that differs frm that f flwer gardening. Talk t an emplyee at a supply stre in yur area. They can help yu chse the right cntainers fr the vegetables yu are wishing t grw.”（这需要一个不同于园艺的过程。和你所在地区的供应商店的员工谈谈。他们可以帮助你为你想要种植的蔬菜选择合适的容器。）可推知，和花园种植相比较，蔬菜种植需要特殊的容器。故选A。
12. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A large number f peple want t grw their wn garden, but they simply d nt have the rm. D nt wrry. There is a slutin. Cnsider cntainer gardening.”（很多人想要种植自己的花园，但他们根本没有空间。不要担心。有一个解决办法。考虑集装箱园艺。）可推知，喜欢园艺种植的市民可能对这篇文章感兴趣。故选B。
4
With races delayed and utdr exercise limited, COVID-19 has put the brakes n China’s previusly bming marathn industry as event rganizers struggle t make ends meet during the crisis. The sparse turnut（到场人数）f runners at Beijing’s Olympic Frest Park these days bears witness t the decline.
Despite the successful cntainment f the utbreak in China, fears ver the ptential risks f mass gatherings clearly remain within the running cmmunity, while the virus-enfrced business shutdwn has created a severe challenge t rganizers and prmters invlved in the sprt. Event rganizers are struggling t survive thrugh the crisis with the majrity f their surce f incme dried up.
Last Thursday’s cancellatin f the 2020 Chengdu Panda Marathn shwed that lcal gverning bdies and rganizers remain cautius against the virus despite a grwing urge amng the running cmmunity t get back t nrmality. With this year’s emptied spring schedule, industry experts expect that businesses face a daunting（令人生畏的）secnd half f the year even if races are allwed t restart.
“Due t the delay f events riginally scheduled in the first half, the number f races will skyrcket in the secnd half if the gvernment gives the green light,” said Chen Guqiang, a sprts scilgy researcher at Shanghai University f Sprt. “Event rganizers will have t cmpete harder against each ther t attract enugh runners, spnsrs and media expsure t make their races prfitable.”
Ba Mingxia, directr f the China Sprts Ecnmic Research Center, suggests that race rganizers and prmters shuld fcus n imprving race quality by prviding mre prfessinal services and better nline interactins with participants whenever events restart. “The rising public awareness f having a healthy lifestyle will nly be strengthened after the crnavirus(冠状病毒) crisis,” Ba said during an nline frum(论坛) earlier last mnth. “Fr the lng term, the sprt participatin and cnsumptin will be very likely t bunce back.”
13. What prblem des the authr talk abut in Paragraph 1?
A. The marathn industry is suffering.
B. Peple are living beynd their incme.
C. Peple’s health is wrsening ver time.
D. The ppularity f utdr sprt is declining.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cntainment” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Recvery.B. Treatment.
C. Cntrl.D. Predictin.
15. What des the cancellatin f the 2020 Chengdu Panda Marathn indicate?
A. Mst industries are facing difficulties.
B. The crnavirus is still very serius.
C. Less and less runners are interested in the races.
D. The gvernment is still careful abut the crnavirus.
16. What’s Ba Mingxia’s attitude twards the future f the market fr running events?
A. Neutral.B. Psitive.
C. Negative.D. Dubtful.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述了新冠肺炎疫情期间，马拉松行业也受到了影响，尽管中国疫情得到控制，但是人们仍然很小心。在冠状病毒危机之后，公众对健康生活方式意识的提高才会得到加强，从长期来看，体育参与和消费将很有可能反弹。
13. 主旨大意题。根据第一段，“With races delayed and utdr exercise limited, COVID-19 has put the brakes n China’s previusly bming marathn industry”（随着比赛的推迟，和户外锻炼的限制，新冠病毒也让中国以前繁荣的马拉松行业踩了刹车），由此可知，本段点明文章主题，马拉松行业在疫情中也受到了影响。故选A。
14. 词义猜测题。解析划线词的句子，“Despite the successful cntainment f the utbreak in China, fears ver the ptential risks f mass gatherings clearly remain within the running cmmunity”，despite为让步状语，表示其意义与主句意思为转折关系，后面句子意为“对大规模集会的潜在风险的担忧显然仍然存在于跑步界，而病毒强制导致的商业关闭已经给这项运动的组织者和推广者带来了严峻挑战。”，所以可以推测出前面状语为“尽管中国成功地控制了疫情”。所以划线词的意思是“控制”。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据第三度第一句话，“Last Thursday’s cancellatin f the 2020 Chengdu Panda Marathn shwed that lcal gverning bdies and rganizers remain cautius against the virus despite a grwing urge amng the running cmmunity t get back t nrmality.”（上周四的2020年成都熊猫马拉松的取消表明，当地政府机构和组织者们对于病毒仍然很小心，尽管在社区内有越来越多的呼声要回归正常），由此可知，政府部门对于疫情期间组织活动仍然心存芥蒂，因此把原定的马拉松比赛取消。故选D。
16. 推理判断题。根据文中Ba Mingxia所说的话，“The rising public awareness f having a healthy lifestyle will nly be strengthened after the crnavirus(冠状病毒) crisis,” Ba said during an nline frum(论坛) earlier last mnth. “Fr the lng term, the sprt participatin and cnsumptin will be very likely t bunce back.”（过着健康的生活方式的意识将只会在此次病毒危机之后得到加强），由此可知，在冠状病毒危机之后，公众对健康生活方式意识的提高才会得到加强，从长期来看，体育参与和消费将很有可能反弹。因此可推断他对于跑步赛事的未来是乐观的。故选B。
5
Fr years, the U.S. has experienced a shrtage f registered nurses. The Bureau f Labr Statistics prjects that while the number f nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grw faster than supply, and that there will be ver ne millin unfilled nursing jbs by then.
S what's the slutin? Rbts.
Japan is ahead f the curve when it cmes t this trend. Tyhashi University f Technlgy has develped Terapi, a rbtic medical cart that can make hspital runds, deliver medicatins and ther items. It fllws a specific individual, such as a dctr r nurse, wh can use it t recrd and access patient data. This type f rbt will likely t be ne f the first t be implemented in hspitals because it has fairly minimal patient cntact.
A rbt's appearance affects its ability t successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Cllabratin Center fr Human-Interactive Rbt Research decided t develp a rbtic nurse called Acntrid F. It is s human-like that sme patients may nt knw the difference. This cnversatinal rbt cmpanin has cameras in its eyes, which allw it t track patients and use apprpriate facial expressins and bdy language in its interactins. During a mnth-lng hspital trial, researchers asked 70 patients hw they felt being arund the rbt and “nly three r fur said they didn't like having it arund”.
It's imprtant t nte that rbtic nurses dn't decide curses f treatment r make diagnses. Instead, they perfrm rutine and labrius tasks, freeing nurses up t attend t patients with immediate needs. This is ne industry where it seems the interactin f rbts will lead t cllabratin, nt replacement.
17. What des the authr say abut Japan?
A. It ranks tp in future rbtics technlgy.
B. It takes the lead in ffering rbtic nursing.
C. It is in desperate need f registered nurses.
D. It prvides the best medicatin fr the elderly.
18. Which f the fllwing best explains “implemented” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A. cancelled.B. cnstructed.C. imprved.D. applied.
19. What d we knw abut the rbt Actrid F?
A. It has n difference frm a human nurse.
B. It gets favrable remarks frm all the patients.
C. It interacts with patients like a human cmpanin.
D. It uses bdy language even mre effectively than wrds.
20. What is the authr's attitude twards rbtic nurses?
A. SkepticalB. PsitiveC. CriticalD. Indifferent
【答案】17. B 18. D 19. C 20. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，日本率先提供机器人护理，但机器人并不能取代真正的护士。
17. 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Fr years, the U.S. has experienced a shrtage f registered nurses.”（多年来，美国一直缺少注册护士。），第二段“S what's the slutin? Rbts.”（那么解决办法是什么呢？机器人。）和第三段中的“Japan is ahead f the curve when it cmes t this trend. Tyhashi University f Technlgy has develped Terapi, a rbtic medical cart that can make hspital runds, deliver medicatins and ther items.”（谈到这一趋势，日本走在了前面。丰桥理工大学开发了Terapi，一种机器人医疗车，可以在医院巡视，运送药物和其他物品。），可知对于缺少注册护士，日本率先提供机器人护理，即日本在提供机器人护理方面处于领先地位。故选B项。
18. 词义猜测题。由第三段中的“It fllws a specific individual, such as a dctr r nurse, wh can use it t recrd and access patient data. This type f rbt will likely t be ne f the first t be implemented in hspitals because it has fairly minimal patient cntact.”（它跟踪特定的个人，如医生或护士，他们可以使用它来记录和访问患者数据。这种机器人很可能是第一批在医院中implemented的机器人之一，因为它与病人的接触非常少。），可知此种机器人能在医院帮助医生或护士，所以这种机器人很可能在医院被应用，implemented在此处意为“applied（被应用）”。故选D项。
19. 细节理解题。由第四段中的“This cnversatinal rbt cmpanin has cameras in its eyes, which allw it t track patients and use apprpriate facial expressins and bdy language in its interactins.”（这种会说话的机器人伴侣眼睛里有摄像头，可以跟踪病人，并在互动中使用适当的面部表情和肢体语言。），可知Actrid F机器人伴侣可以和病人说话，使用适当的面部表情和肢体语言与病人互动，即它像人类同伴一样与患者互动。故选C项。
20. 推理判断题。由最后一段“It's imprtant t nte that rbtic nurses dn't decide curses f treatment r make diagnses. Instead, they perfrm rutine and labrius tasks, freeing nurses up t attend t patients with immediate needs. This is ne industry where it seems the interactin f rbts will lead t cllabratin, nt replacement.”（值得注意的是，机器人护士不会决定疗程或做出诊断。相反，它们执行例行和艰苦的任务，让护士能照顾有迫切需要的病人。在这个行业，机器人的互动似乎会导致协作，而不是替代。），可知机器人不会让护士变得多余，而是和护士一起合作，说明作者对机器人护士持肯定/积极的（Psitive）态度。故选B项。
6
In the internet era, ne culd becme a web celebrity within secnds.
This is true f Tamdrin, a 20-year-ld Tibetan man, wh recently attracted a lt f attentin after a phtgrapher psted a less than 10-secnd vide f him n Duyin. Tamdrin nw lives in Litang Cunty f Garze Tibetan Autnmus Prefecture, Sichuan prvince.
The netizens are amazed at his pretty face with sun-kissed skin, a mp f brwn hair and an “angelic and cmfrting” smile. In particular, Tamdrin had “stars in his eyes”. Peple think that he is different frm tday’s ppular yung male idls wh are characterized fr their beautifully clean faces, fair skin and delicate makeup.
On Nv. 19, Tamdrin psted his first vide n his wn Duyin accunt. As frm Nv. 24, the vide received mre than 2.2 millin likes and ver 100,000 cmments, and he garnered ver 2.5 millin fllwers.
After Tamdrin sht t sudden stardm, sme cmpanies invited him t becme a prfessinal nline celebrity. Instead f ding this, Tamdrin was emplyed by a state-wned cmpany, “Tamdrin has been hired t prmte the turism f Litang Cunty and Garze Tibetan Autnmus Prefecture,” Ga Xiaping tld Red Star News. Ga is a deputy manager f the cunty’s culture, turism and sprts investment develpment cmpany. “He’ll get a mnthly salary f 3,500 yuan as well as insurance and subsidies. We’ll check the qualificatins f the cmpanies that want t cperate with him t prevent him frm being cheated,” he added.
“I’m mre than delighted t see that Tibetans are increasingly becming internet celebrities,” Sangyeshung, a Tibetan man wh wrks as a physician fr the Ganlu Tibetan Medicine Grup in the Tibet Autnmus Regin, tld China Daily. "They can intrduce Tibetan culture, fd and places f interest t the wrld,” he said.
21. Why is Tamdrin a special celebrity?
A. He is f natural beauty and purity.B. He wears delicate makeup.
C. He is typical f tday’s male idls.D. He is the first Tibetan t pst vides.
22. What des the underlined wrd “garnered” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Praised.B. Obtained.C. Resisted.D. Challenged.
23. What did Tamdrin d after becming famus?
A. He sht a mvie abut Tibet.
B. He helped develp lcal turism.
C. He became a tur guide in Litang Cunty.
D. He gt the qualificatin t start a cmpany.
24. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Life f a Tibetan ByB. The Influence f Duyin
C. Instant Fame f a Tibetan ByD. Qualificatins f Being a Web Celebrity
【答案】21. A22. B23. B24. C
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了网红丁天真以及走红后他促进了家乡四川甘孜藏族自治州理塘县旅游业的发展。
21. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The netizens are amazed at his pretty face with sun-kissed skin, a mp f brwn hair and an “angelic and cmfrting” smile. In particular, Tamdrin had “stars in his eyes”. (网友们都惊叹于他那被阳光亲吻的漂亮脸蛋、一头蓬松的棕色头发和一个“天使般的、令人安慰的”微笑。特别是丁天真“眼睛里有星星”。)”可知，丁天真是个特别的名人，因为他有天生的美和纯洁。故选A项。
22. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“As frm Nv. 24, the vide received mre than 2.2 millin likes and ver 100,000 cmments, and he garnered ver 2.5 millin fllwers. (自11月24日起，该视频收到了超过220万个赞和10万多条评论，他________超过250万粉丝。)”由该视频很受关注和丁天真有250万粉丝，可知，划线词garnered 意为“获得，拥有”。故选B项。
23. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“ Instead f ding this, Tamdrin was emplyed by a state-wned cmpany, “Tamdrin has been hired t prmte the turism f Litang Cunty and Garze Tibetan Autnmus Prefecture,” Ga Xiaping tld Red Star News. (相反，丁天真受雇于一家国有公司，“丁天真被雇请来促进理塘县和甘孜藏族自治州的旅游业，”高小平告诉红星新闻。)”可知，丁天真成名后帮助发展了当地的旅游业。故选B项。
24. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“This is true f Tamdrin, a 20-year-ld Tibetan man, wh recently attracted a lt f attentin after a phtgrapher psted a less than 10-secnd vide f him n Duyin. (一位摄影师在抖音上发布了一段不到10秒的视频，这名20岁的藏族男子丁天真最近吸引了大量关注。)”以及第五段中“ Instead f ding this, Tamdrin was emplyed by a state-wned cmpany, “Tamdrin has been hired t prmte the turism f Litang Cunty and Garze Tibetan Autnmus Prefecture,” Ga Xiaping tld Red Star News. (相反，丁天真受雇于一家国有公司，“丁天真被雇请来促进理塘县和甘孜藏族自治州的旅游业，”高小平告诉红星新闻。)”可知，本文主要介绍了网红丁天真以及走红后他促进了家乡四川甘孜藏族自治州理塘县旅游业的发展。因此本文的最佳标题选项C“一个藏族男孩一夜成名”符合题意。故选C项。
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