新高考英语二轮复习题型专练18 阅读理解之主旨大意题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

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【考试方向】主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。
◆主旨大意题的分类
1. 从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种
①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻
找或总结。
2. 考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种
①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；
②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；
③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点
1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。
◆常考问题
1. 中心思想类
The main pint /idea f the passage is…
The passage is mainly abut…
The passage mainly discusses…
The last but ne paragraph is chiefly cncerned with…?
Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea f the passage?
2. 标题类
Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
The best title fr the passage wuld be …
3. 目的类
The authr’s main purpse in writing the passage is t …
The passage is meant t ….
In writing this passage, the authr mainly intends t…
【答题技巧】
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：
1. 中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。
【真题再现】（2020·天津卷.第二次）After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.
Tgether, these deep human urges (驱策力) cunt fr much mre that ambitin. Galile was nt merely ambitius when he drpped bjects f varying weights frm the Leaning Twer at Pisa and timed their fall t the grund. Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”
Frtunately, curisity and discntent dn’t have t be learned. We are brn with them and need nly recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd. And the crwd desires restful average. It encurages us t ccupy ur wn little crner, t avid flish leaps int the dark, t be satisfied.
Mst f us meet new peple, and new ideas, with hesitatin. But nce having met and liked them, we think hw terrible it wuld have been, had we missed the chance. We will prbably have t frce urselves t waken ur curisity and discntent and keep them awake.
Hw shuld yu start? Mdestly, s as nt t becme discuraged. I think f ne friend wh culdn’t arrange flwers t satisfy herself. She was curius abut hw the experts did it. Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.
One way t begin is t answer yur wn excuses. Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd, because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne. Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts f Uncle Tm’s Cabin while cking. Yu’re t ld? Remember that Thmas Cstain was 57 when he published his first nvel, and that Grandma Mses shwed her first pictures when she was 78.
Hwever yu start, remember there is n better time t start than right nw, fr yu’ll never be mre alive than yu are at this mment.
1.In writing Paragraph 1, the authr aims t ________.
A.prpse a definitin
B.make a cmparisn
C.reach a cnclusin
D.present an argument
2.What des the example f Galile tell us?
A.Trial and errr leads t the finding f truth.
B.Scientists tend t be curius and ambitius.
C.Creativity results frm challenging authrity.
D.Greatness cmes frm a lasting desire t explre.
3.What can yu d t recapture curisity and discntent?
A.Observe the unknwn arund yu.
B.Develp a questining mind.
C.Lead a life f adventure.
D.Fllw the fashin.
4.What can we learn frm Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A.Gaining success helps yu becme an expert.
B.The genius tends t get things dne creatively.
C.Lack f talent and time is n reasn fr taking n actin.
D.Yu shuld remain mdest when appraching perfectin.
5.What culd be the best tile r the passage?
A.Curius Minds Never Feel Cntented
B.Reflectins n Human Nature
C.The Keys t Achievement
D.Never T Late t Learn
【答案】1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据第六段中的Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.及第七段中的Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd, because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne.以及列举了Thmas Cstain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Mses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
5.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys t Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。
2. 主题句出现在文尾
在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
【真题再现】The famus American grilla(大猩猩) expert Diane Fssey had a cmpletely new way t study grillas — she pretended t be ne f them. She cpied their actins and way f life — eating plants and getting dwn n her hands and knees t walk the way a grilla des. It was a new relatinship.
Diane Fssey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her stry was made int the ppular film Grillas in the Mist. It was a lng way frm King Kng, which is abut a grilla as a mnster (a frightening animal), and helped t shw a new idea: the real mnster is man, while the grilla is t be admired.
Tday there are thught t be arund 48,000 lwland grillas and maybe 400—450 muntain grillas in the wild. Frm the Cng in West Africa, t Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting dwn f their frest hmes.
Sme time ag, I fund in my letterbx a little magazine frm the Wrld Wide Fund fr Nature. It had tw phts side by side. One was f a yung grilla. “This is a species f mammal(哺乳类动物),” said the wrds belw it. “It is being destryed by man. We must save it fr ur wn gd.” The ther pht shwed a human baby. The wrds als read, “This is a species f mammal,” but then went n: “It is the mst destructive(破坏性的) n earth. We must retrain it fr its wn gd.”
56.The text mainly talks abut _____.
A. Diane Fssey B. the grillas in Rwanda
C. the prtectin f the grillas D. the film Grillas in the Mist
【答案】C
【解析】文章第一段谈到Diane Fssey对大猩猩的研究；第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三段谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因；最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。前面三段都是为最后一段做铺垫的，从最后一段的“It is being destryed by man. We must save it fr ur wn gd.”可知，最主要的目的还是要人们保护大猩猩。
3. 首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
例如：Lacrsse (曲棍球) is a ppular sprt in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it t train fr war. They invented this game befre Clumbus arrived in the New Wrld.
Peple play lacrsse utdrs. The lacrsse field is seven meters lng. At each end f the field there is a gal. The gal is a net. There are ten players n each team. Each player has a stick called “ crss”. The player hit a ball int the net as many times as pssible. Lacrsse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks. Players ften get great fun it playing lacrsse.
There are many lacrsse clubs and lacrsse teams all ver Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrsse games n TV r listen t the lacrsse games ver the radi.
At ne time lacrsse was the natinal summer sprt in Canada. Tday it is still ppular with Canadians.
1.The passage is mainly abut ___________.
A. Hw t Play Lacrsse
B. Lacrsse in Canada
C. The Histry f Lacrsse
D. Lacrsse—A Ppular Game in Canada
【答案】D
【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。
4. 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷II） Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
6.In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A.Building cnfidence.B.Develping spatial skills.
C.Learning self-cntrl.D.Gaining high-tech knwledge.
7.What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment？
A.Parents’ age.B.Children’s imaginatin.
C.Parents’ educatin.D.Child-parent relatinship.
8.Hw d by differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A.They play with puzzles mre ften.
B.They tend t talk less during the game.
C.They prefer t use mre spatial language.
D.They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
9.What is the text mainly abut?
A.A mathematical methd.B.A scientific study.
C.A wman psychlgistD.A teaching prgram.
【答案】6.B 7.C 8.D 9.B
【分析】
本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段中…fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develp better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Develping spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。
7.细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin after cntrlling fr difference in parents' incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' educatin.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。
8.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。
9.主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
5. 主题句出现在文章的中间
通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
【真题再现】（2020年1月·浙江卷）Tday's wrld is nt an easy adjustment fr yung adults. Key skill set fr success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers frm Brigham Yung University discvered that fathers are in a unique psitin t help their adlescent children learn persistence.
BYU prfessrs Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after fllwing 325 American families ver several years. And ver time，the persistence gained thrugh fathers led t higher achievement in schl.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique rle f fathers，"Padilla-Walker said. "This research als helps t prve that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key t a child's life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need t practice an "authritative" parenting style. Authritative parenting is nt authritarian:rigid，demanding r cntrlling. Rather，an authritative parenting style includes sme f the fllwing characteristics:children feel warmth and lve frm their father；respnsibility and the reasns behind rules are stressed children are given an apprpriate level f autnmy(自主权).
In the study，abut 52 percent f the dads exhibited abve-average levels f authritative parenting. A key finding is that ver time，children raised by an authritative father were significantly mre likely t develp persistence，which leads t better utcmes in schl.
This particular study examined 11 t 14-year-lds living in tw-parent hmes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a rle in teaching the benefits f persistence，which is an avenue f future research.
10.What is special abut the BYU prfessrs' study?
A.It centered n fathers' rle in parenting.
B.It was based n a number f large families.
C.It analyzed different kinds f parenting styles.
D.It aimed t imprve kids' achievement in schl.
11.What wuld an authritative father d when raising his children?
A.Ignre their demands.B.Make decisins fr them.
C.Cntrl their behavirs.D.Explain the rules t them.
12.Which grup can be a fcus f future studies accrding t the researchers?
A.Single parents.
B.Children aged frm 11 t 14.
C.Authritarian fathers.
D.Mthers in tw-parent hmes.
13.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A.Three Characteristics f Authritative Fathers.
B.Key Skills fr Yung Adults t Succeed in Future.
C.Children Tend t Learn Determinatin frm Father.
D.Family Relatinship Influences Schl Perfrmance.
【答案】10.A 11.D 12.A 13.C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位。研究人员认为，父亲们需要采用一种“权威”的养育方式，且一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩。
10.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Researchers frm Brigham Yung University discvered that fathers are in a unique psitin t help their adlescent children learn persistence.（杨百翰大学的研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）可知杨百翰大学研究的特别之处在于，它关注的是父亲在养育子女中的角色。故选A。
11.推理判断题。根据第四段中Rather，an authritative parenting style includes sme f the fllwing characteristics: children feel warmth and lve frm their father；respnsibility and the reasns behind rules are stressed children are given an apprpriate level f autnmy.（相反，权威的养育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子们感受到来自父亲的温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背后的原因；孩子们被给予适当的自主权）可知一个有权威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们解释规则。故选D。
12.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a rle in teaching the benefits f persistence，which is an avenue f future research.（然而，研究人员认为，单亲父母仍然可能在教授坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个方向）可知根据研究人员的说法，单亲父母是未来研究的重点。故选A。
13.主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段中A key finding is that ver time，children raised by an authritative father were significantly mre likely t develp persistence，which leads t better utcmes in schl.（一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩）和文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色，故选C选项“孩子们倾向于向父亲学习决心”最符合文章标题。故选C。
【题型演练】
1
As digital devices （设备）have taken ver sciety, “keybard activity is nw ften recmmended as a substitute fr early handwriting," a new study ntes. The idea is that typing may be easier fr yung children.
“Sme schls in Nrway have becme cmpletely digital," ntes Audrey Vander Meer, the new study's leader, wh measures brain activity t better understand learning and behavirs. She wrks at the Nrwegian University f Science and Technlgy in Trndheim. The human brain has develped t interact with the wrld in as many ways as pssible, she ntes. She believes that yung children shuld learn t write by hand successfully, and, at the same time learn t manage a keybard.
Using a pen invlves mre f the brain than using a keybard, her new findings shw. This is because writing and printing invlve cmplex mvements that activate mre areas f the brain. The increased brain activity, "gives the brain mre 'hks' t hang yur memries n," she explains.
Think abut it. The same mvement is required t type each letter n a keybard. By cmparisn, when we write, ur brain needs t think abut and recver memries f the shape f each letter. We als need t use ur eyes t watch what shapes we're writing. And we need t cntrl ur hands t press a pen r pencil t shape the different letters. All f this uses and cnnects mre areas f the brain.
Alng the way, these prcesses appear t “pen the brain up fr learning", says Vander Meer. S learning thrugh nly ne frmat — digital — culd be harmful, she wrries.
Vander Meer als pints ut that taking ntes by hand stimulates （激发）"visual ntetaking". Rather than typing blindly, the visual nte-taker has t think abut what is imprtant t write dwn. Then, key wrds can be "interlinked by bxes, and arrws, and supplemented by small drawings".
1. What is the main idea f the text?
A. Digital devices are ppular with students.
B. Handwriting beats typing in taking ntes.
C. The prcess f taking ntes changes thinking.
D. The new study makes cntributins t science.
2. What shuld yung kids d accrding t Vander Meer?
A. Cmmunicate with the wrld.B. Rely n keybard activity.
C. Learn t write by hand.D. Master basic drawing skills.
3. Hw des the authr draw the cnclusin?
A. By studying hw the brain develps.B. By bserving scial phenmena.
C. By assessing functins f senses.D. By cmparing ways f taking ntes.
4. In which sectin f a newspaper may the text appear?
A. Relatinship.B. Fashin.
C. Culture.D. Science.
2
Thrugh an agreement signed tday, the much-lved animals will cntinue t delight visitrs fr anther three years, thrugh December 7, 2023. “We’re all very excited,” says Steve Mnfrt, the directr f the Smithsnian’s Natinal Z and Cnservatin Bilgy Institute. “It’s very gd that we can cntinue ur cperatin with ur Chinese clleagues.”
The female giant panda Mei Xiang and male Tian Tian, will return t China at the end f 2023 at the relatively elder panda ages f 25 and 26 respectively （分别地). The prbable lifetime fr giant pandas is abut 15 t 20 years in the wild, and abut 30 years in captivity (圈养). Likely t travel with the tw is Xia Qi Ji （Little Miracle）, wh was brn n August 21, 2020. The 15-week-ld male cub is the furth f Mei Xiang’s fur surviving cubs.
By lng-standing agreement, cubs brn in captivity at the z are sent t China befre fur. When Xia Qi Ji was brn, his mther Mei Xiang became the ldest giant panda t give birth in Nrth America.
The public has yet t see Xia Qi Ji in persn. Nrmally, it wuld be at abut this time, a little ver 100 days, that a cub wuld be able t be shared with the public. Over 1.6 millin peple have watched the Z's Panda Cam since the August birth, with a ttal f 8.8 millin page views. Just this week, his parents, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian marked 20 years in Washingtn, D. C. .
The extensin agreement means that the Natinal Z and China will reach a half century f cnservatin and cperatin between the U.S. and China. “It shuldn't be surprising t peple that cperatin is the fundatin f the way that ne des the wrk.” Mnfrt says, “In prtecting species, n ne rganizatin and ften nt even ne gvernment can theretically save a species withut partnership.”
5. What is the agreement abut?
A. Tw pandas' three mre years in the USA.
B. Cperatin between the Z and China.
C. The first public appearance f Xia Qi Ji.
D. The way t return hme fr three pandas.
6. What d we knw abut Mei Xiang?
A. She has been abrad fr 20 years.B. She has been sent back t China.
C. She was brn in the Natinal Z.D. She's the ldest panda t give birth.
7. What's the public's attitude twards the newly-brn panda?
A. Uncaring.B. Enthusiastic.
C. Cautius.D. Sympathetic
8. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Mei Xiang Has Given Birth t Xia Qi Ji
B. Cperatin Is Key t Animal Prtectin
C. Extensin Agreement n Pandas Is Reached
D. Lifetime fr Giant Pandas Is Figured Out
3
In the 1966 science-fictin film The Fantastic Vyage, a team f scientists and dctrs are shrunk t micrscpic size injected int the bdy f an injured man t save his life. The tiny crew travels thrugh the bdy's dangerus envirnment t lcate and repair the damaged part f the man's bdy. Eventually, the grup manages t cmplete their task and the man awakens, fully cured.
Such an idea sunds extrardinary t many, But what if it were pssible t cure a disease like a cancer, using tiny particles injected int a persn t find the cancer and destry it withut harming anything else in the bdy? Althugh it may seem like science fictin, tls like this are nw being develped and may becme cmmn in the near future—thanks t research currently being dne in the field f nantechnlgy.
Nantechnlgy（纳米技术）is really small. The prefix "nan" refers t a nanmeter, which is ne-billinth f a meter. A cmma n a page f a bk r magazine may be mre than half a millin nanmeter. Using this technlgy, it will be pssible t detect cancer at a stage when there are perhaps nly a thusand bad cells. Cmpare this t what happens tday: dctrs can diagnse cancer nly after the dangerus cells have multiplied int millins and develped a tumr. One f the advantages f detecting and treating cancer is that the cells is less likely t be resistant t drug treatment. Right nw, mst cancer treatments kill nt nly the dangerus cells but the healthy nes as well. Nanparticles will allw dctrs t attack cancerus tumrs withut disturbing healthy cells. Thus, it can deliver cancer-killing drugs t the cancer cells and allw dctrs t deliver cancer treatment earlier, faster, and mre thrughly.
Unfrtunately, there are serius cncerns that these same materials culd have negative envirnment and health effects. In recent studies, fish expsed t water cntaining large amunts f nanparticles suffered brain damage. And peple are at risk as well. But many scientists dn't think research int its many uses shuld be stpped.
Meanwhile, research int the uses f nantechnlgy in health and ther fields cntinues. "What's amazing is hw quickly this is evlving", says chemist Vicki Clin. "even ten years ag, a lt f these applicatins wuld have seemed pretty unrealistic. "Perhaps, the ld mvie, The Fantastic Vyage, isn't s hard t believe after all.
9. What is the reading mainly abut?
A. A film called The Fantastic Vyage.
B. Hw t detect different cancers.
C. The dangers and side effects f nantechnlgy.
D. The applicatin and develpment f nantechnlgy.
10. What will happen if human beings are expsed t large amunts f nanparticles?
A. It will nt have any influences.
B. It may prevent many side effects.
C. They will be in danger.
D. Varieties f cancers will be cured.
11. What's the authr's attitude twards nantechnlgy?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective.
C. CriticalD. Indifferent.
12. Which f the fllwing statements will Vicki Clin supprt?
A. Nantechnlgy has prgressed a lt in the last decade.
B. Ten years ag, nantechnlgy were very realistic.
C. Sme f these applicatins are ten years ld.
D. In ten years, there have been few realistic applicatins fr nantechnlgy.
4
What makes a persn becme an Olympic champin? In reality, a cmbinatin f bilgical envirnmental, and psychlgical factrs as well as training and practice, all g int making a super athlete.
Perhaps the mst imprtant factr invlved in becming a super athlete is genetics. Mst Olympic cmpetitrs are equipped with certain unique physical characteristics. Take a super athlete's muscles, fr example. In mst human skeletal muscles, there are fast-twitch fibers and slw-twitch fibers. Fast-twitch fibers help us mve quickly. They allw weightlifters t lift hundreds f kils frm the grund and ver their heads in secnds. The legs f a super marathn runner, n the ther hand, might cntain up t 90 percent slw-twitch muscle fibers, which generate energy efficiently and enable peple t cntrl tiredness and keep mving fr a lnger perid f time when they exercise lng r hard.
Sme athletes' abilities are naturally enhanced by their envirnment. Thse raised at high altitudes have bld that is rich in hemglbin, which enables these athletes t run better, Cultural factrs als help Tegla Lrupe, a yung wman frm nrthern Kenya, wn several marathns. She attributes sme f her success t her cuntry's high altitude and her cultural backgrund. As a child, she had t run ten kilmeters t schl every day.
Althugh genetics, envirnment, and even culture play a part in becming a super athlete, training and practice are needed t succeed. Weightlifters and gymnasts perfect their skills by repeating the same mtins again and again until they are autmatic. Training this way requires an athlete t be nt nly physically fit but psychlgically healthy as well.
Hw d athletes adjust t such intense pressure? Luganis explains hw he learned t cntrl his anxiety during a cmpetitin: "Mst divers think t much…," he says. "They're t much in their heads. What wrked fr me was humr. I remember thinking abut what my mther wuld say if she saw me d a bad dive. She'd prbably just cmpliment me n the beautiful splash."
13. Having a lt f slw-twitch muscle fibers is particularly imprtant fr .
A. Weightlifters.B. Divers.C. Cyclists.D. Table tennis players.
14. What des the underlined wrd “attribute” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Devtes.B. Cmpares.C. Expses.D. Owes.
15. Hw des Luganis deal with his anxiety accrding t the passage?
A. By thinking t much.B. By training hard.
C. By laughing at the amusing thingsD. By speaking ut.
16. Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the text?
A. Healthy Olympic Champins.
B. Olympic Champins in the Making.
C. Factrs in Becming Physically and Psychlgically Healthy.
D. Difference between an Athlete and an Average Persn.
5
An audience f patients with Alzheimer’s(老年痴呆症) disease listens with cncentrated attentin as a yung wman sings the French sng “Beau Sir”. Despite his failing mind, ne f the men in the crwd, Les Dean, translates the wrds int English fr a friend.
Dean, 76, nce taught music at Chicag’s Senn High Schl, invented and sld his wn music educatin system and sang with the Chicag Symphny Chrus. Nw, like many patients with Alzheimer’s, he is, t sme extent, lst in the past, a stranger t the present. But when the music plays, he smiles and is transprted t a place f beauty, where everything still makes sense.
In recent years, music therapy(疗法) has grwn in ppularity fr its seeming ability t help calm peple with dementia(痴呆) and recnnect them with their memries. Nw a Nrthwestern University researcher is testing whether music played fr residents f a suburban nursing hme can be therapeutic, whether it can imprve cgnitin（认知）, cnversatin and relatinships.
A persn with dementia can recede(倒退) s far that he r she is n lnger respnsive, suggesting persnality and cnsciusness（意识）have been lst. But in his bk Musicphilia: Tales f Music and the Brain, the well-knwn neurlgist Dr. Oliver Sacks wrte that he’d seen such patients shake r weep while listening t music. “Once ne has seen such respnses,” he wrte, “ne knws that there is still a self t be called upn, even if music, and nly music, can d the calling.”
Fr sme peple with dementia, music therapy has been shwn t enhance attentin and cgnitin t imprve behavir while reducing the use f drugs and t reduce anxiety and depressin. Singing sngs can help refresh specific memries that therwise might have been frgtten cmpletely, experts say. Als, sme patients are s nnrespnsive, they may need music wake them up and get them mving.
Attracted by the ptential benefits, Dr. Brna Bnakdarpur, a neurlgist with Nrthwestern University’s Feinberg Schl f Medicine, put tgether a music therapy study at Silverad Orchard Park Memry Care Cmmunity.
Each week fr 12 weeks, the nnprfit Institute fr Therapy Thrugh the Arts held cncerts fr 10 Silverad residents. The musicians are specially trained t apply their skills t therapy, ften by interacting with patients during perfrmances and getting them t beat n drums, sing and dance.
A similar grup f residents in anther nursing hme went withut the therapy t cmpare results. Since finishing the initial study perid, researchers are analyzing the results and hpe t try the same treatment fr the ppsite grup in the future.
“Music therapy is gaining mre cnfidence nw as an interventin(介入), s this is a very exciting time,” Bnakdarpur said. “We thught when peple get Alzheimer’s, they’re dne because there’s n medicine t cure it. But there's s much we can d t have an impact and imprve their quality f life.”
17. Why is Les Dean mentined at the beginning?
A. T present his amazing life befre he gt the Alzheimer’s disease.
B. T inspire the peple wh als suffered frm the disease.
C. T tell the readers that he was a music lver.
D. T shw the surprising functin f music.
18. Which f the fllwing statement is true accrding t the passage?
A. Dr. Oliver Sacks believed music culd call upn a self in Alzheimer’s patients.
B. When patients are nnrespnsive, music culd hardly have any effect n them.
C. Nrthwestern University has tested music can imprve the patients’ cnversatin.
D. It is bvius that singing can make the patients’ memries back t nrmal.
19. Frm Bnakdarpur’s research, we can learn that __________.
A. the music therapy study has been successfully cmpleted.
B. the patients shw n interest in music therapy.
C. music therapy can help t imprve the patients’ life quality.
D. music therapy have a negative effect n the patients as an interventin.
20. What des the authr mainly want t tell us in the passage?
A. The terrible disease can be cured by music therapy.
B. Music is beneficial t the peple lst in Alzheimer’s darkness.
C. Peple gradually realize the benefits f music.
D. Everyne shuld fall in lve with music.
6
At the Sants family’s apartment in Sa Paul, Brazil, the drbell is cnstantly ringing. All the friends and neighbrs are there t hear what happened t tw-year-ld Carmelita. Her mther has tears in her eyes, but they are tears f relief, f thankfulness. Her Carmelita is smiling shyly, safe in her father’s lap.
The stry culd easily have ended very differently, nt s happily. It all started this mrning just befre nn. Mrs. Sants was returning frm the supermarket with her daughter and a friend, their neighbr. They stpped n the stairway f their building at their fifth-flr apartment. The neighbr pened her dr first, and little Carmelita ran past her. She knew the apartment well, since she had visited it many times. The friend put dwn her keys and shpping bags, and turned back a mment t Mrs. Sants.
At that mment, there was a sudden gust f wind and the dr t the apartment slammed shut. Carmelita was inside, alne.
Then the friend remembered that she had left her kitchen windw pen. She and Mrs. Sants rushed t the Sants apartment and telephned the plice. But there was n time t get help in pening the neighbring apartment. They culd see that Carmelita was already leaning ut f the kitchen windw. She had climbed nt a chair, and sn she was climbing ut nt the windw sill(窗台).
Mrs. Sants called t Carmelita t g back inside. But the little girl did nt understand the danger and did nt want t g back. She nly waved t her mther.
Then she lst her balance and her feet slipped ff the windw sill. She managed t hld n fr a while with her hands, but she began t be afraid. Her mther screamed fr help, and nw Carmelita was crying desperately.
And then she culd hld n n lnger. Several peple had run ut int the street n hearing all the screaming. They saw the child hanging nt the windw sill and gt ready t catch her. Dwn she fell, five lng stries and landed safe and sund in the arms f three strng men. They were Luis, August, and Alfns Nunes, father and sns. When they heard the screams, they ran frm their aut repair shp acrss the street.
“I never thught we’d d it,” said Alfns afterwards. “But I kept thinking, if we dn’t catch her, she’ll die and I’ll feel sad and guilty all my life.”
All the neighbrs want t shake hands with the three heres. Carmelita’s parents cannt believe hw clse they came t lsing their daughter. And hw lucky they are t have her still.
21. Wh saved Carmelita eventually?
A. The neighbrs in the building.B. Men f an aut repair shp.
C. Mrs. Sants’ friend.D. The nearby plicemen.
22. What can we learn frm the stry?
A. Carmelita waved t her mther because her mther smiled at her.
B. Carmelita was left alne in the apartment due t her father’s mistake.
C. Carmelita culdn’t hld n the windw sill fr she was frightened and weak.
D. Carmelita was rescued befre she was falling frm the windw sill.
23. Frm what Alfns said, we can tell that he was __________.
A. strng-willed.B. humrus.
C. intelligent.D. respnsible.
24. What’s the title f the passage?
A. An Unexpected DangerB. An Amazing Rescue
C. A Naughty GirlD. A Careless Mther