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人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案，共10页。
(1)supply sb with sth. 给某人提供某物
supply sth t sb. 给某人提供某物
be well/prly supplied with 供应充足/缺乏
(2)in shrt supply 供不应求
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①Fd supplied(supply) in the fld-stricken area is running ut.
②I'd like t knw the reasn why the milk is in shrt supply in this area nw.
③He ften supplies fd and clthing t the children in the muntainus areas.
→He ften supplies the children in the muntainus areas with fd and clthing.
2．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过.
(1)survive n 依靠……生存下来
survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活下来
survive frm 从……留存下来
survive 比某人多活……
(2)survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
(3)survivr n. 幸存者；生还者
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Emergency services and vlunteers are still searching fr survivrs(survivr).
②Frm then n，the mther and her daughter have depended n each ther fr survival(survive).
③在那次地震中幸存下来后，我们相信其他一切都会好起来的。
After we had survived the earthquake，we were cnfident everything else wuld be all right.
定语从句
复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语或句子进行修饰和限定的从句叫定语从句。定语从句修饰的名词、代词等被称为先行词。定语从句由关系词引导。
一、关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1．引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，wh，whm，whse，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。关系词通常有下列作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。
2．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
(1)限制性定语从句：所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或东西。如果去掉它，被修饰的词就失去意义，句子就不能成立或不完整。
He is the man wh/that lives next dr.
他就是住在隔壁的男子。
(2)非限制性定语从句：由一个逗号将从句与先行词隔开，对所修饰的词作做进一步的说明。如果去掉它，句子的意思仍然完整。
The children，wh were injured in a car accident，are being treated in the hspital nw.
在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。
二、关系代词wh，whm，whse引导的定语从句
1．wh指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语。先行词为指人的词(包括人名)、拟人化的动物和指人的人称代词或不定代词all，thse，few，ne等。
The number f peple wh were killed in the disaster was ver 100．
在那次灾难中丧生的人数超过了100。
Danny was the man(wh)we rescued frm the ruins.
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
2．whm指人，在定语从句中作宾语，若在从句中作介词的宾语，介词可用于whm之前，也可以位于句末。
Rse is the persn(wh/whm) yu shuld care abut.
罗丝是你应该关心的人。
There are many peple with whm yu can share yur feelings.
你可以与许多人分享自己的感受。
3．whse既可指人，也可指物，表示“所属”关系，whse在定语从句中作定语，常与它所修饰的名词一起出现在从句的句首。
I knw the persn whse huse was destryed in the earthquake.
我认识那个在地震中被摧毁了房子的人。
He lives in a huse whse garden is attractive.
他住在一个有着美丽花园的房子里。
[即时训练] 用关系代词填空
①Thse wh want t jin in the activity sign up，please.
②A dctr with whm my father wrked last year has gne abrad.
③Any student whse family is t pr t let him g t schl can get help frm the gvernment in that cuntry.
④I'd really like t find a friend whm I can trust cmpletely.
三、which和that引导的定语从句
1．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，或在从句中作介词的宾语。先行词为表示事物或动物的名词或表示职业的名词。
The yung man was very happy t find the gld ring(which)he had lst.
那个年轻人找到了丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
Everywhere I saw，there were buildings which had been destryed by the earthquake.
我看到到处都是被地震毁掉的建筑。
The gld medal(which)she wn has been given t her ld schl.
她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
2．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。先行词是表示人(不包括人名)、事物或动物的名词。习惯上指人多用wh/whm，指物多用which。
He is the nly student that understands English well.(that指人，作主语)
他是唯一一个会英语的学生。
There is ne thing that keeps me wrried.(that指物，作主语)
有一件事一直使我不安。
[温馨提示] (1)关系代词指代先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
The film(that/which)we saw it last night is very frightening.(×)
The film(that/which)we saw last night is very frightening.(√)
(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
Is that the girl(whm/wh/that)yu referred t the ther day?
那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？
[即时训练] 用关系代词填空
①The ld twn has narrw streets and small huses that/which are built clse t each ther.
②There are sme athletes wh/whm/that I want yu t meet.
③D yu still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three mnths ag?
四、关系词只用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all，everything，nthing，anything，much等不定代词时。
Nthing that has been learnt is ever cmpletely frgtten.
任何学过的东西都不会被全部忘记。
All that can be dne has been dne.
所有能做的都做了。
2．当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first tw-strey bus that runs in ur city.
这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。
This is the mst shcking news that I have ever heard.
这是我曾经听过的最令人震惊的消息。
3．当先行词被all，every，n，any，the nly，the very，the same，the right等修饰时。
This is the very scarf that Mther has been lking fr.
这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。
Music is the nly thing that interests me.
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
4．当先行词既有人又有物时。
We ften talk abut the persns and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
She described in her cmpsitin the peple and places that impressed her mst.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深的一些人和地方。
[即时训练] 完成句子
①桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。
Guilin is the mst beautiful city that I have ever visited．
②她把她感兴趣的物和人都拍摄了下来。
She tk phtgraphs f the things and peple that she was interested in．
③写作是她唯一感兴趣的事。
Writing was the nly thing that interested her.
用适当的关系代词填空
A real friend is smene 1．wh walks in when the rest f the wrld walks ut. A real friend is smene 2．whse supprt we can cunt n. A real friend is smene 3．wh sees ur true self，nt just the face 4．that/which we shw t the wrld. Yet these days，the mdern tls 5．that/which keep us cnnected are eating away at the meaning f friendship.We may be able t make many friends nline，but these friendships can be quite shallw. Scial media like blgs has cme between us and the friends 6．whm/wh/that we lve. Texting and messaging cannt take the place f face-t-face chatting.“Sharing” ur experiences n scial media is nt enugh t express the values 7．which/that matter mst t us. “Liking” ur friends' phts nline des nt develp the cnnectin 8．which/that we share. T make friends a real part f ur lives，we shuld put dwn ur smartphnes and meet them in persn.
第二篇课文(Reading fr Writing)
①crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击n.撞车；碰撞
crash int castlines冲击沿海地带
②at least至少
③sweep vt.&vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫
sweep away冲走；消灭；彻底消除
④wave n．海浪；波浪vi.& vt.挥手；招手
be swept away by huge waves被巨浪卷走
⑤strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
⑥ff the west cast f在……西海岸附近
⑦sme 1，600 kilmetres大约1 600千米
⑧the number f deaths死亡人数
⑨as many as多达；和……一样多
⑩run t safety逃到安全的地方
⑪thusands f成千上万的，数以千计的
⑫be expected t d...预计……
⑬ver the next few days在未来几天
⑭deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表
deliver fd and supplies食物运送和物资补给
TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6，500 DEAD
By Rbert Wdhuse Mnday，27 December 2004
The mst pwerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed① int castlines acrss Asia yesterday，killing mre than 6，500 peple in Indnesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least②fur ther cuntries.【1】 Fishermen，turists，htels，hmes，and cars were swept③ away by huge waves④caused by the strng earthquake that reached a magnitude f 9.0.【2】 The undersea quake struck⑤ arund 7：00 a.m.，Sunday ff the west cast f⑥ Indnesia's Sumatra Island.In that area alne，at least 1，870 peple were killed.
【1】句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a tsunami，killing mre than 6，500 peple...为动词-ing形式作结果状语。
【2】句中caused by the strng earthquake为过去分词短语作名词waves的后置定语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词earthquake。
In Sri Lanka，sme 1，600 kilmetres⑦west f the quake centre，the number f deaths⑧std at 2，498，and ne millin mre were affected by the tsunami，gvernment fficials said.Indian fficials said as many as⑨ 1，900 had been killed alng the suthern cast.【3】 Anther 254 were fund dead in Thailand and 54 in three ther cuntries.In suthern Thailand，1，900 peple were hurt and many mre were missing，lcal fficials said.“I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme.We had t leave everything and run t safety⑩，” said Chandra Theeravit，a lcal Thai wman.
【3】句中said后是省略了that的宾语从句。
Thusands f⑪peple are still missing，and the number f deaths is expected t grw⑫ even higher ver the next few days⑬.Freign aid is being rganised fr the tsunami-hit cuntries.Hwever，dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver⑭ fd and supplies.
海啸袭击亚洲：
6 500余人丧生
罗伯特·伍德侯斯 星期一 2004年12月27日
昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发了冲击亚洲沿海地带的海啸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家6 500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被高达9．0级的强震所引发的巨浪卷走。海啸巨浪由周日上午7：00许发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域的海底地震引发。仅该地区就有至少1 870人死亡。
政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1 600千米处，死亡人数高达2 498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区有多达1 900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1 900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位妇女钱德拉·特拉维说：“当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。”
仍有上千万人失踪，预计在未来几天死亡人数还将增加。目前正在为这些受灾的国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。
(1)supply sb with sth. 给某人提供某物
supply sth t sb. 给某人提供某物
be well/prly supplied with 供应充足/缺乏
(2)in shrt supply 供不应求
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①Fd supplied(supply) in the fld-stricken area is running ut.
②I'd like t knw the reasn why the milk is in shrt supply in this area nw.
③He ften supplies fd and clthing t the children in the muntainus areas.
→He ften supplies the children in the muntainus areas with fd and clthing.
2．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过.
(1)survive n 依靠……生存下来
survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活下来
survive frm 从……留存下来
survive 比某人多活……
(2)survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
(3)survivr n. 幸存者；生还者
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Emergency services and vlunteers are still searching fr survivrs(survivr).
②Frm then n，the mther and her daughter have depended n each ther fr survival(survive).
③在那次地震中幸存下来后，我们相信其他一切都会好起来的。
After we had survived the earthquake，we were cnfident everything else wuld be all right.
定语从句
复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语或句子进行修饰和限定的从句叫定语从句。定语从句修饰的名词、代词等被称为先行词。定语从句由关系词引导。
一、关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1．引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，wh，whm，whse，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。关系词通常有下列作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。
2．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
(1)限制性定语从句：所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或东西。如果去掉它，被修饰的词就失去意义，句子就不能成立或不完整。
He is the man wh/that lives next dr.
他就是住在隔壁的男子。
(2)非限制性定语从句：由一个逗号将从句与先行词隔开，对所修饰的词作做进一步的说明。如果去掉它，句子的意思仍然完整。
The children，wh were injured in a car accident，are being treated in the hspital nw.
在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。
二、关系代词wh，whm，whse引导的定语从句
1．wh指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语。先行词为指人的词(包括人名)、拟人化的动物和指人的人称代词或不定代词all，thse，few，ne等。
The number f peple wh were killed in the disaster was ver 100．
在那次灾难中丧生的人数超过了100。
Danny was the man(wh)we rescued frm the ruins.
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。
2．whm指人，在定语从句中作宾语，若在从句中作介词的宾语，介词可用于whm之前，也可以位于句末。
Rse is the persn(wh/whm) yu shuld care abut.
罗丝是你应该关心的人。
There are many peple with whm yu can share yur feelings.
你可以与许多人分享自己的感受。
3．whse既可指人，也可指物，表示“所属”关系，whse在定语从句中作定语，常与它所修饰的名词一起出现在从句的句首。
I knw the persn whse huse was destryed in the earthquake.
我认识那个在地震中被摧毁了房子的人。
He lives in a huse whse garden is attractive.
他住在一个有着美丽花园的房子里。
[即时训练] 用关系代词填空
①Thse wh want t jin in the activity sign up，please.
②A dctr with whm my father wrked last year has gne abrad.
③Any student whse family is t pr t let him g t schl can get help frm the gvernment in that cuntry.
④I'd really like t find a friend whm I can trust cmpletely.
三、which和that引导的定语从句
1．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，或在从句中作介词的宾语。先行词为表示事物或动物的名词或表示职业的名词。
The yung man was very happy t find the gld ring(which)he had lst.
那个年轻人找到了丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
Everywhere I saw，there were buildings which had been destryed by the earthquake.
我看到到处都是被地震毁掉的建筑。
The gld medal(which)she wn has been given t her ld schl.
她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
2．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。先行词是表示人(不包括人名)、事物或动物的名词。习惯上指人多用wh/whm，指物多用which。
He is the nly student that understands English well.(that指人，作主语)
他是唯一一个会英语的学生。
There is ne thing that keeps me wrried.(that指物，作主语)
有一件事一直使我不安。
[温馨提示] (1)关系代词指代先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
The film(that/which)we saw it last night is very frightening.(×)
The film(that/which)we saw last night is very frightening.(√)
(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
Is that the girl(whm/wh/that)yu referred t the ther day?
那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？
[即时训练] 用关系代词填空
①The ld twn has narrw streets and small huses that/which are built clse t each ther.
②There are sme athletes wh/whm/that I want yu t meet.
③D yu still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three mnths ag?
四、关系词只用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all，everything，nthing，anything，much等不定代词时。
Nthing that has been learnt is ever cmpletely frgtten.
任何学过的东西都不会被全部忘记。
All that can be dne has been dne.
所有能做的都做了。
2．当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first tw-strey bus that runs in ur city.
这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。
This is the mst shcking news that I have ever heard.
这是我曾经听过的最令人震惊的消息。
3．当先行词被all，every，n，any，the nly，the very，the same，the right等修饰时。
This is the very scarf that Mther has been lking fr.
这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。
Music is the nly thing that interests me.
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
4．当先行词既有人又有物时。
We ften talk abut the persns and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
She described in her cmpsitin the peple and places that impressed her mst.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深的一些人和地方。
[即时训练] 完成句子
①桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。
Guilin is the mst beautiful city that I have ever visited．
②她把她感兴趣的物和人都拍摄了下来。
She tk phtgraphs f the things and peple that she was interested in．
③写作是她唯一感兴趣的事。
Writing was the nly thing that interested her.
用适当的关系代词填空
A real friend is smene 1．wh walks in when the rest f the wrld walks ut. A real friend is smene 2．whse supprt we can cunt n. A real friend is smene 3．wh sees ur true self，nt just the face 4．that/which we shw t the wrld. Yet these days，the mdern tls 5．that/which keep us cnnected are eating away at the meaning f friendship.We may be able t make many friends nline，but these friendships can be quite shallw. Scial media like blgs has cme between us and the friends 6．whm/wh/that we lve. Texting and messaging cannt take the place f face-t-face chatting.“Sharing” ur experiences n scial media is nt enugh t express the values 7．which/that matter mst t us. “Liking” ur friends' phts nline des nt develp the cnnectin 8．which/that we share. T make friends a real part f ur lives，we shuld put dwn ur smartphnes and meet them in persn.
第二篇课文(Reading fr Writing)
①crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击n.撞车；碰撞
crash int castlines冲击沿海地带
②at least至少
③sweep vt.&vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫
sweep away冲走；消灭；彻底消除
④wave n．海浪；波浪vi.& vt.挥手；招手
be swept away by huge waves被巨浪卷走
⑤strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
⑥ff the west cast f在……西海岸附近
⑦sme 1，600 kilmetres大约1 600千米
⑧the number f deaths死亡人数
⑨as many as多达；和……一样多
⑩run t safety逃到安全的地方
⑪thusands f成千上万的，数以千计的
⑫be expected t d...预计……
⑬ver the next few days在未来几天
⑭deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表
deliver fd and supplies食物运送和物资补给
TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6，500 DEAD
By Rbert Wdhuse Mnday，27 December 2004
The mst pwerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed① int castlines acrss Asia yesterday，killing mre than 6，500 peple in Indnesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least②fur ther cuntries.【1】 Fishermen，turists，htels，hmes，and cars were swept③ away by huge waves④caused by the strng earthquake that reached a magnitude f 9.0.【2】 The undersea quake struck⑤ arund 7：00 a.m.，Sunday ff the west cast f⑥ Indnesia's Sumatra Island.In that area alne，at least 1，870 peple were killed.
【1】句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a tsunami，killing mre than 6，500 peple...为动词-ing形式作结果状语。
【2】句中caused by the strng earthquake为过去分词短语作名词waves的后置定语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词earthquake。
In Sri Lanka，sme 1，600 kilmetres⑦west f the quake centre，the number f deaths⑧std at 2，498，and ne millin mre were affected by the tsunami，gvernment fficials said.Indian fficials said as many as⑨ 1，900 had been killed alng the suthern cast.【3】 Anther 254 were fund dead in Thailand and 54 in three ther cuntries.In suthern Thailand，1，900 peple were hurt and many mre were missing，lcal fficials said.“I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme.We had t leave everything and run t safety⑩，” said Chandra Theeravit，a lcal Thai wman.
【3】句中said后是省略了that的宾语从句。
Thusands f⑪peple are still missing，and the number f deaths is expected t grw⑫ even higher ver the next few days⑬.Freign aid is being rganised fr the tsunami-hit cuntries.Hwever，dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver⑭ fd and supplies.
海啸袭击亚洲：
6 500余人丧生
罗伯特·伍德侯斯 星期一 2004年12月27日
昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发了冲击亚洲沿海地带的海啸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家6 500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被高达9．0级的强震所引发的巨浪卷走。海啸巨浪由周日上午7：00许发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域的海底地震引发。仅该地区就有至少1 870人死亡。
政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1 600千米处，死亡人数高达2 498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部海岸地区有多达1 900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1 900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。泰国当地的一位妇女钱德拉·特拉维说：“当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好扔下一切，跑到安全地带。”
仍有上千万人失踪，预计在未来几天死亡人数还将增加。目前正在为这些受灾的国家组织国外援助。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。
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