上外版2020必修第三册 高一英语下学期 Unit1.Road to Success单元素养评估测试卷

这是一份上外版2020必修第三册 高一英语下学期 Unit1.Road to Success单元素养评估测试卷，共25页。

Unit 1 Road to Success 单元素养评估测试卷 第= 1 \* ROMANI卷 I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Over-dried EarthThe south-west of the United States, together with some parts of Mexico across the Rio Grande, is one of the driest parts of the North American continent. But, over the past two decades, even that expected dryness ___21___ (take) to the limit. According to Park Williams, who works at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, the current lack of rainfall in the area constitutes a megadrought of a severity ___22___(see) on only four other occasions in the past 1,200 years.Dr Williams studies the annual growth rings of 1,586 ancient trees, in order to reconstruct soil-moisture patterns going back to 800 A.D. During warm, wet years trees grow fast, producing wide rings. During cold, dry ___23___ they grow more slowly, producing narrow rings. During a drought, a tree ___24___ not grow much at all.___25___they describe in this week’s Science, the team identified dozens of droughts over the centuries in question. But four stood out. They then took the average soil-moisture value for the current drought and compared it with sequential（连续的） 19-year averages with the previous four, one of them ___26___(last) nearly a century. This showed that the region is already drier than it was during the first three of the previous megadroughts, and is equivalent to the event of 1575-1603.In a world ___27___ human actions are driving temperatures up, Dr Parker and his colleagues wondered how much people are ___28___(blame) for this state of affairs. To estimate that, they turned to climate modelling.Climate models are able to re-run the past with and ___29___ the warming effects of human activity, offering a way to compare what actually happened with what might have done. In their simulated world in which anthropogenic（人类起源的） emissions had not increased the greenhouse-gas effect, the team found that a drought did indeed still influence the western reaches of North America during the first two decades of the 21st century. But this imaginary dry spell was considerably ___30___(severe) than the real one-ranking 11th rather than 2nd in the period under study (see chart).【答案】21. has been taken 22. seen 23. ones 24. might /may 25. As 26. lasting 27. where 28. to blame 29. without 30. less severe【解析】本文是说明文。文章以美国和墨西哥的部分地区为例，讲述了科学家对过度干燥的地球的研究。研究表明，人类活动对于对球变得过热起到了推动的作用。【21题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：但是，在过去的二十年中，预期的干旱也已达到极限了。由时间状语over the past two decades可知，句子使用现在完成时，主语dryness承受动词take的动作，谓语动词使用被动语态，并且主语为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has been taken。【22题详解】考查过去分词。句意：根据哥伦比亚大学拉蒙特-多尔蒂地球观测站工作的帕克·威廉姆斯的说法，该地区目前的降雨不足造成了特大干旱，其严重程度在过去的1200年中仅在其他四个场合出现过。megadrought of a severity承受动词see的动作，使用过去分词作后置定语。故填seen。【23题详解】考查不定代词。句意：在寒冷干燥的季节，它们生长较慢，产生狭窄的年轮。为避免重复，使用ones代替前面的复数名词years。故填ones。【24题详解】考查情态动词。句意：在干旱期间，树可能不会长很多。根据语境，此处填入情态动词表示推测，意为“可能”。故填might/may。【25题详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：正如他们在本周的《科学》杂志上描述的那样，研究小组确定了几个世纪以来发生的数十次干旱。分析句子结构可知，此处需填入连词as引导定语从句，并指代逗号后面的句子，意为“正如”。故填As。【26题详解】考查现在分词。句意：然后，他们获取了当前干旱的平均土壤水分值，并将其与连续19年的平均值进行了比较，并将其与前四个平均值进行比较，其中一个数值持续了近一个世纪。分析句子结构可知，逗号后面的last的作为动词使用，应填入非谓语动词的形式，one of them发出last的动作，因此应使用现在分词的形式。故填lasting。【27题详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：在这个人类举动加剧气温的世界中，帕克博士和他的同事们想知道人类应该为这种状况负多少责任。分析句子结构可知，此处需填入连词引导定语从句，先行词是world，它在从句中作地点状语。故填where。【28题详解】考查固定短语。句意：在这个人类举动加剧气温的世界中，帕克博士和他的同事们想知道人类应该为这种状况负多少责任。be to blame for：为……应该受到责备，为……承担责任，这是固定用法。故填to blame。【29题详解】考查介词。句意：气候模型能够在有和没有人类活动带来变暖影响的情况下重现过去，从而提供一种比较实际发生的事情和可能做过的事情的方式。由下文的“anthropogenic emissions had not increased the greenhouse-gas effect（人为排放并没有增加温室气体的影响）”可知，此处应填入介词with的反义词without，即without the warming effects of human activity（没有人类活动导致的变暖影响），这两部分是同义表达。故填without。【30题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：但是，同期的研究发现这种虚构的干旱没有真正的排名第11的干旱严重却比排名第2的严重（参见图表）。由than可知，形容词severe应使用比较级的形式。结合图表信息可知，表示“程度没有那么严重”应使用less+形容词。故填less severe。【点睛】现在完成时主动语态：have/has + done ；现在完成时的被动语态：have/has＋been done；现在完成时常用的标志性时间状语：already，ever，never，yet，just，before，still，lately，since，for a long time，up to now，until，so far，in the last few years/weeks/months，till now，recently等。小题1详解考查时态和语态。句意：但是，在过去的二十年中，预期的干旱也已达到极限了。由时间状语over the past two decades可知，句子使用现在完成时，主语dryness承受动词take的动作，谓语动词使用被动语态，并且主语为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has been taken。Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once, note that there is one word more than you need.In 1865 The Great Landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted looked out over the Yosemite Valley and saw a place worth saving. He（1）______ the California legislature to protect it from crazy development. Olmsted had already designed Central Park City; he was（2）_____ that beautiful green spaces should exist for all people to enjoy. “It is a scientific fact,” he wrote, “that the occasional observation of natural scene of an impressive character…is favorable to the health and vigor of men and especially to the health and vigor of their intellect.”Olmsted was（3）_____ ; his claim was based less on science than on intuition. But it was intuition with a long history. It went back at least to Cyrus the Great, who some 2500 years ago built gardens for （4）_____ in the busy capital of Persia. Paracelsus, the 16th century German-Swiss physician, gave voice to that same intuition when he wrote, “that art of healing comes from nature, not from the physician.” In 1798, sitting on the banks of the River Wye, William Wordsworth marveled at how “an eye made quiet by the power of （5）______ ” offered relief from “the fever of the world” . American writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and John Muir inherited that（6）_____ . along with Olmsted, they built the spiritual and emotional case for creating the world’s first national parks by claiming that nature had healing powers.There wasn’t much evidence then—but there is now: （7）_____ by large-scale public health problems such as obesity, depression, and persuasive nearsightedness, all clearly （8）______ with time spent indoors, Strayer and other scientists are looking with renewed interest at how nature affects our brains and bodies.In England researchers from the University of Exeter Medical School recently analyzed mental health data from 10000 city dwellers and used high resolution mapping to （9）_____ where the subjects had lived over 18 years. They found that people living near more green space reported less mental distress, even after adjusting for income, education, and employment (all of which are also correlated with health). In 2016 an international team overlaid health questionnaire responses from more than 31000 Toronto residents onto a map of the city, block by block. Those living on blocks with more trees showed a boost in heart and metabolic health（10）______ to what one would experience from a $20000 gain in income. Lower mortality and fewer stress hormones circulating in the blood have also been connected to living close to green space.【答案】 D K G B E C F A I H 【分析】1.urged v. 敦促；要求 urge sb. To do sth. 要求某人做某事2.cconvinced v. be convinced that…深信，结合句意，应该是“他深信美丽的绿色空间应由所有人共享”3.exaggerating adj. 过份夸大的，夸张的，结合后句“his claim was based less on science than on intuition. But it was intuition with a long history”可知，应是否定意义的词，因此，选G。4.relaxation n. 消遣；娱乐 词性名词，再由后句“that art of healing comes from nature”可知，应是B.5.harmony n. 和谐 从文章看，应填名词，由后句的“offered relief”可知，应是harmony。6. outlook n.观点；前景 inherited that outlook 继承了前人的观点，因此，填outlook。7. motivated v. 鼓励：激发 从文章看，应该是v-ed形式，又是后半句的原因状语，因此，应是motivated。8. be associated with 固定搭配，所有这些都是和室内活动紧密相关的9. track v. 跟踪 从位置看，应填动词原形，从句意看，应是用高分辨率的地图去跟踪这些实验对象过去18年去过哪些地方，因此填track。10. contrary to 和…相反；和…形成鲜明对比 从句意看，住在绿化好的地方的人更健康，而那些工资高2000块的人则相反。II. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Should you listen to music when you work?Do you like to listen to music when you work?Ask this question at a party, and you’ll probably get 31 responses. Some will say they love it, claiming that it improves their performance; others will say they find it distracting (分散注意力的) and cannot work 32 with music playing in the background.Interestingly enough, our research has found that both of these viewpoints can be true. It just 33 on what sort of work you’re doing.In a recent study, we brought participants into our lab to perform a variety of tasks. They included a(n) 34 task-searching through word lists and crossing out words containing the letter “a” and a more difficult task—memorizing word pairs and 35 word to its partner. Some participants completed all of the tasks in silence, 36 others completed the tasks with instrumental music that was cither loud or soft, and either simple or complex, the latter meaning music with more instruments being played. Several key findings 37 from our study.We found that participants who listened to simple music or no music performed about the same on the easy task. However, participants who listened to 38 music performed best on the easy taskOn the contrary, participants performed worse on the more difficult task when they listened to any music, regardless of complexity or volume, compared to those who didn’t listen to any music.How should we 39 these findings?We suggest that people have limited mental resources from which both 40 and tasks can draw. We can become 41 and our minds may wander when these resources are not fully used. But we also can become over-excited and 42 when these resources are used up.Not surprisingly, we typically need to use fewer of our mental resources when we perform easy tasks, whereas demanding tasks require more brainpower. However, because we might be less 43 during easier tasks, there’s a greater risk of drifting off. Music might give us the extra 44 we need to overcome the monotony (单调). However, difficult tasks already demand lot of our resources. Listening to music can become too much.So best 45 should appear when we strike “sweet spot,” which may depend on the type of music and the type of task.31. A. fixed B. similar C. various D. positive32. A. effectively B. immediately C. exactly D. happily33. A. depends B. focuses C. carries D. takes34. A. unpleasant B. familiar C. impossible D. easy35. A. matching B. realizing C. suggesting D. creating36. A. until B. while C. since D. when37. A. faded B. appeared C. survived D. responded38. A. dull B. reliable C. necessary D. complex39. A. make up for B. make out C. make use of D. make up40. A. music B. work C. study D. culture41. A. surprised B. bored C. afraid D. proud42. A. interested B. distracted C. attracted D. worried43. A. disgusted B. embarrassed C. frightened D. engaged44. A. obstacle B. push C. opportunity D. rule45. A. action B. program C. performance D. problem【答案】31-45 CAADA BDDBA BBDBC 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。通过“你上班时会听音乐吗?”这一问题展开研究，发现两种完全相反但又真实存在的观点，无论是音乐提高了工作效率还是分散了注意力，这取决于音乐类型和工作类型。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在聚会上问这个问题，大概会得到各种各样的回答。A. fixed固定的：B. similar 相似的；C. various 各种各样的；D. positive积极的。根据下文“Some will say……;others will say……”可以推断出，对于上班是否听音乐，有各种各样的回答。故选C。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：其他人会说他们觉得这会分散注意力并且播放背景音乐时无法有效工作。A. effectively 有效地；B. immediately 立刻地；C. exactly 精确地；D. happily快乐地。根据前文“others will say they find it distracting”可知此处指分散注意力，故不能够有效地工作。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这取决于你在做什么工作。A. depends依靠；B. focuses 聚焦；C. carries 携带；D. takes拿；取。根据下文“ depend on the type of music and the type of task.” 可知此处指音乐是否有助于工作取决于你做什么工作。depend on固定短语，意为：依靠；取决于。故选A。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一项研究中，我们将参与者带到实验室来执行各种任务。他们包括一项简单的任务——在单词列表中搜索并划掉包含字母“a”的单词，以及一项更困难的任务——记忆单词对并将其与搭档匹配。A. unpleasant 不快乐的；B. familiar 熟悉的；C. impossible 不可能；D. easy容易的。根据下文“crossing out words containing the letter “a” 划掉包含字母“a”的单词 ”和“a more difficult task”可知他们包括一项简单的任务。故选D。【35题详解】考查非谓语动词词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一项研究中，我们将参与者带到实验室来执行各种任务。他们包括一项简单的任务——在单词列表中搜索并划掉包含字母“a”的单词，以及一项更困难的任务——记忆单词对并将其与搭档匹配。A. matching 搭配；B. realizing 意识到；C. suggesting建议；D. creating创造。根据上文“memorizing word pairs”及下文“to its partner”可知此处指单词匹配。故选A。【36题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：一些参与者在沉默中完成了所有的任务，而另一些参与者则在响亮或柔和、简单或复杂的器乐中完成了任务，后者意味着演奏更多乐器的音乐。 A. until 直到……；B. while然而；和......同时；C. since自从；从那以后；D. when 当…的时候。分析空格前后两句的句意可知两句之间是对比转折关系，while有“然而”这一层意思，可以表对比、转折。故选B。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究中出现了几个关键发现。 A. faded 褪色；B. appeared 出现；C. survived 幸免；D. responded作出反应；响应。根据下文对“We found ”可知，研究中出现了几个关键发现。故选B。【38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，听复杂音乐的参与者在简单的任务中表现最好。 A. dull 乏味的；单调的；呆板的；B. reliable 可依靠的；C. necessary 有必要的；D. complex复杂的。根据上文中的“simple music or no music”以及“However”一词可知此处指复杂的音乐。故选D。【39题详解】考查动词短语词义的辨析。句意：我们应该如何理解这些发现？ A. make up for 弥补；补偿；B. make out弄明白，理解；C. make use of利用；D. make up编造；化妆。根据下文“We suggest that ……”以及“and our minds may wander when these resources are not fully used. 而当这些资源未被充分利用时，我们的大脑可能会走神。”可知,下文是对上文“我们如何如何理解这些发现”的解释。故选B。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们认为，人们能够从音乐和任务中汲取灵感的智力资源有限。A. music 音乐；B. work 工作；C. study 学习；研究；D. culture文化。根据前文讨论的听音乐与工作关系的细节描述可知此处人们能够从音乐和任务中汲取灵感的智力资源有限。故选A。【41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这些资源没有得到充分利用时，我们可能会变得无聊，我们的思想可能会走神。A. surprised 吃惊的；B. bored 无聊的；C. afraid 害怕的；D. proud骄傲的。空格处与下文“our minds may wander我们的大脑可能会走神”是并列关系，结合选项可知B选项bored（无聊的）与下文语义衔接恰当，故选B。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当这些资源耗尽时，我们也可能会过度兴奋和分心。A. interested 感兴趣的；B. distracted 分心的；C. attracted 有吸引力的；D. worried 担心的。根据上文“over-excited”可知,当这些资源耗尽时，我们也可能会过度兴奋和分心。故选B。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，因为我们在更简单的任务中可能没那么投入，所以偏离轨道的风险更大。A. disgusted讨厌的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. frightened 害怕的；D. engaged 忙的；投入的；已订婚的。根据上文“we typically need to use fewer of our mental resources when we perform easy tasks. 我们完成简单的任务时，我们通常需要使用较少的大脑资源。”可知，我们处理简单的任务时，一般不会特别投入。故选D。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：音乐可能会给予我们克服单调所需的额外动力。A. obstacle障碍；B. push推；奋斗；努力；C. opportunity 机会；D. rule规则。根据下文“we need to overcome the monotony.我们需要克服单调乏味。”及上文描述的音乐的积极作用，可知音乐可以促进我们克服单调。故选B。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，最佳表现应该出现在我们达到“最佳位置”时，这可能取决于音乐类型和任务类型。A. action 行动；B. program节目；计划；C. performance 表演，表现；D. problem问题。根据上文中“claiming that it improves their performance.”可知此处指工作表现（performance）取决于音乐类型和工作类型。故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several quetions or unfinished statements. For each of the question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that firs best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Things changed for Ben Southall when the Australian state of Queensland advertised a job for someone to look after Hamilton Island in the Great Barrier Reef. They knew it sounded like the best job in the world, but they were surprised when over 35, 000 people applied for the job. Then they had to make a difficult decision—which person to choose from so many candidates? After a lot of testing and interviewing, they announced 34-year-old Ben Southall from England as the winner. Ben now works for the Queensland Tourist Board and his job is to look after the island and to promote tourism there. Because of the unique nature of the job, the Tourist Board wanted a unique person, with a range of skills and qualities. It was a long interview process, involving a variety of tasks to find out about each candidate.Fitness was very important; swimming ability was particularly essential. Ben can swim very well and he also likes running, climbing, diving and mountain biking. It is clear that, physically, he can do almost anything. The ability to communicate was as important as fitness. For the last part of interview process, the final sixteen candidates did various tests and tasks, including talking to TV and radio reporters. The competition was tough and the candidates needed to show what they could do. The interviewers were interested in how the candidates performed in the tasks, how they handled the press attention and their ability to write about their adventures in a daily log. The candidates did their best to impress the interviewers and they knew they couldn't make any mistakes at this final stage.Before he went, Ben was confident about his abilities to handle the challenge. He couldn’t do everything they asked him in the interview, as he can’t speak any other language but he felt that his other skills and his personality were impressive. He made a huge effort during the interview process and he was able to convince the interviewers that he was the best person for the job. Even so, he says he was amazed when he got the job; he couldn’t believe it! He hopes to do a good job and promote the island successfully: he has to get to know every part of the island and tell the world about it in numerous media interviews. When you read Ben's blogs from his interview tasks, it is easy to see why they chose him. He is funny and easy-going and he will certainly get the attention of any potential tourist to this beautiful place.56. According to the passage, Ben’s job includes the following EXCEPT ________.A drawing travellers' attention to the island. B. going to Hamilton Island once a day.C. being interviewed in different media. D. knowing Hamilton Island very well.57. During the interview process, the candidates were asked to ________.A. go through a fitness training. B. take part in various TV shows.C. write about their own interviewers. D. communicate with the press.58. Why was Ben chosen for the job?A. He used to be a swimming champion. B. He kept his personal blog very well.C. He is easy to get along with. D. He can speak several foreign languages.59. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?A. Hamilton Island gets well protected. B. The funniest job in the world.C. Ben gets dream job. D. Tourism in Australia.【答案】56. B 57. D 58. C 59. C【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。Ben Southall经过了巨大的努力，在众多候选者中脱颖而出，最终得到了梦想的工作，成为了哈密顿岛守护员和宣传员。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段关键句“Ben now works for the Queensland Tourist Board and his job is to look after the island and to promote tourism there. ”（Ben现在为昆士兰旅游局工作，他的工作是照看该岛，促进那里的旅游业。）并结合文章最后一段关键句“He hopes to do a good job and promote the island successfully: he has to get to know every part of the island and tell the world about it in numerous media interviews. ”（他希望能做好工作，成功地宣传这座岛：他要了解这座岛的每一个地方，并通过无数的媒体采访向全世界讲述这座岛。）可知，Ben的工作是吸引游客来岛上游玩，并照顾好岛屿，且通过媒体采访宣传这座岛，并不包括每天去一次哈密顿岛。故选B项。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“For the last part of interview process, the final sixteen candidates did various tests and tasks, including talking to TV and radio reporters.”（在面试过程的最后一部分，最后16名候选人要进行各种测试和任务，包括与电视台和电台的记者交谈。）可知，在面试过程中，候选人被要求与媒体交谈。故选D项。【58题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段关键句“When you read Ben's blogs from his interview tasks, it is easy to see why they chose him. He is funny and easy-going and he will certainly get the attention of any potential tourist to this beautiful place.”（当你从本的采访任务中阅读他的博客时，就很容易明白为什么他们选择了他。他风趣、随和，肯定会吸引到这个美丽地方的任何潜在游客的注意。）可知，Ben被选择做这份工作是因为他很好相处。故选C项。【59题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段关键句“Things changed for Ben Southall when the Australian state of Queensland advertised a job for someone to look after Hamilton Island in the Great Barrier Reef.”（当澳大利亚昆士兰州发布广告招聘大堡礁汉密尔顿岛的护理员时，本•索撒尔的情况发生了变化。）并结合全文内容可知，本文讲述了Ben Southall经过了巨大的努力，最终得到了梦想的工作，成为了哈密顿岛守护员和宣传员。所以短文的最佳标题为“本得到了梦想的工作”故选C项。 （B）School Spirit is in the bag!Now you can design your own Taft Tiger bags and backpacks.What’s in your bag?School books, homework, and gym clothes are just a few of the many items that successful students at Taft Middle School carry around every day. The right bag or backpack can help you get organized. Carry your school equipment with style and show your Tiger Pride with one of these strong SCHOOL SPIRIT TO GO bags.Which bag do you need?Backpack: $20 ●Made with strong materials and zippers ●Comfortable, padded shoulder straps(软垫肩带）●Two large compartments for books and notebooks ●Small zippered bag for pens, pencils, calculators and moreDuffle bag: $15 ●Perfect for holding gym clothes, shoes, and towels ●Large enough to hold up to three basketballs ●Removable shoulder straps and short handles Tote bag: $10●Ideal for light loads ●Use it to carry a sweater and snacks for a field trip ●Take it to the library to carry books and research materialsSatisfaction guaranteedThese bags are a great bargain and SCHOOL SPIRIT TO GO guarantees their quality. If the bag has a defect(缺陷), simply return it within 30 days of receipt for an exchange of equal value or a full refund(退款).How to order your bag All orders must be placed in person and during the week of September 26-30 only.●Visit the SCHOOL SPIRIT TO GO representatives in the cafeteria September 26-30 to see samples of bags.●Complete the order form. Be sure to write down your first-period teacher’s name on the form.●Hand in your payment with the order form to the representatives.The bags will be delivered to the school in three weeks. First-period teachers will give out the bags to students who placed orders.21. Compared with Tote bags, Duffle bags ________.A. are a little cheaper B. have small bags for tiny items C. can have their shoulder straps taken off D. are suitable to be carried to the library 22. What do we know about the sale of the bags?A. It is held by Taft Middle School.B. It is aimed at Taft Middle School students.C. It allows students to return bags without reasons.D. It includes offering free gym clothes to students.23. What is one requirement for students who order the bags?A. Going to a given place to get the bags.B. Giving payments to their first-period teachers.C. Including the representatives’ names on the forms.D. Placing the orders during the last days of September.答案：CBD【语篇解读】应用文，本文主要讲的是一种适合学生使用的袋子。包括袋子的各种类型、价格、设计特点、售后服务以及购买须知等等。C. 对比Tote袋，Duffle袋。根据"Duffle bag"部分的"Removable shoulder straps"(可拆卸的肩带），可知，Duffle袋能够把它们的肩带脱下来，这一点是Tote袋没有被提及的。A便宜一点点；B有适用于小物件的小袋子；C能够把它们的肩带脱下来；D适合被带到图书馆。故选C。B. 我们了解到关于袋子的销售的什么信息？根据"What is in your bag?"部分的"School books......every day"(学校课本、家庭作业和体操服只是Taft Middle School的成功的学生们每天携带的很多物件中的一些东西），以及"Carry your school gear........bags."(用一个结实的SCHOOL SPIRIT TO GO袋子来展示你的Tiger Pride以及充满个性地带着你的学校装备来上学），可知，它的目标是Taft Middle School的学生们。A它由Taft Middle School举行；B它的目标是Taft Middle School的学生们；C它允许学生们无理由地退还袋子；D它包括给学生们提供免费的体操服。故选B。D. 对订购袋子的学生们的一个要求是什么？根据"How to order your bag"部分的"All orders must.......26-30 only."(所有订单必须由本人下单并且只在九月的26日至30日期间下单），可知，学生们要在九月的最后几天下订单。A去到一个指定的地点去获得袋子；B支付给他们上第一次课的老师们；C把代表们的名字包含在表格里；D在九月的最后几天下订单。故选D。 (C)By now, it is pretty well understood that we regularly pay for things in ways other than using money. Sometimes we pay sill with cash. But we also pay for things with data, and more often, with our time and attention. We effectively hand over access to our minds in exchange for something "fee"， like email, streaming video or online shopping pages. As opposed to "paying" attention, we actually "spend attention"， agreeing to the view ads in exchange for something we really want. The centrality of that deal in our lives makes it unacceptable that there are companies who seize our time and attention for absolutely nothing in exchange, and indeed, without permission at all-otherwise known as "attention theft". Attention theft happens anywhere you find your time and attention taken without permission, like the new, targeted advertising screens in hospital waiting rooms, the airlines that play full-volume advertising from a screen right in front of your face, or the advertising - screens in office elevators. These are just few examples in what is a growing category. Combined, they threaten to make us live life in a screen-lined cocoon（茧），shrunken and incapable of independent thought. Then, what makes it "theft"？Advances in neuroscience over the last several decades make it clear that our brain's resources are unconsciously triggered（触发）by sound and movement；therefore the screens seize rare mental resources. Meanwhile, in the law, theft is typically defined as the taking control of a resource "under such circumstances as to acquire the major part of its economic value or benefit. " Given the established market value of time and attention, when taken without permission or compensation, it really is not much different from someone taking money out of your pocket. Thus, when the firms selling public-screen advertising to target audiences brag of rapid growth and billions in profit, those are actually earnings made by stealing from us. 42. What phenomenon is described in Paragraph 1？ ______ A. Preference for cash. B. Consumption of attention. C. Payments in shopping. D. Addiction to mass media. 43. How does the writer show the wide spread of "attention theft"？ ______ A. By making a definition. B. By analyzing causes. C. By giving examples. D. By predicting results. 44. Why is "attention theft" considered as a theft？ ______ A. It brings a fortune to the thief. B. It lays heavy burden on the brain. C. It takes up mental resources secretly. D. It brings about economic loss constantly. 45. What could be the best title for the text？ ______ A. The Crisis of Attention TheftB. The Price of Attention TheftC. Ads：Source or Theft of InformationD. "Paying" Instead of "Spending" Attention42~45. DCCA 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了，在我们未觉知的状态下，大众媒体屏幕获取我们的注意力，迫使我们吸收商业广告，攫取我们的精神资源。【解析】42. D. 段落大意题。根据第一段意思"到目前为止，人们已经很清楚，我们经常用其他方式来支付东西，而不是用金钱。有时我们用现金支付。但我们也用数据来购买东西，更经常的是，用我们的时间和注意力。我们有效地交出了进入大脑的权利，以换取一些"收费"的东西，比如电子邮件、流媒体视频或在线购物页面。与"投入"注意力相反，我们实际上是"投入注意力"，同意观看广告以换取我们真正想要的东西。"可知，对于我们想要的东西，有多种支付形式，用"时间和注意力"支付，在大众媒体中换取着我们想要的东西。A. 喜好换取现金；B. 消费的关注；C. 购物支付。D. 沉迷于大众媒体。根据段意，D项符合题意。故选D. 43. C. 写作方法题。根据第三段意思"注意力盗窃，任何地方都可能发生，你发现你的时间和注意力在未经许可的情况下被占用，比如医院候诊室里新的定向广告屏幕，在你面前的屏幕上播放大音量广告的航空公司，或者办公室电梯里的广告屏幕。这只是一个不断增长的领域中的几个例子。综合起来，它们威胁着我们，使我们生活在一个丝网包围的茧里，萎缩，无法独立思考。"可知，作者是通过举例来说明这一现象。故选C. 44. C. 推理判断题。根据第三段意思"那么，是什么让它成为"盗窃"呢？过去几十年的神经科学进展表明，我们的大脑资源是由声音和运动无意识地触发的；因此，屏幕会攫取稀缺的精神资源。与此同时，在法律上，盗窃通常被定义为"在这种情况下获取资源的主要经济价值或利益"。考虑到时间和注意力的既定市场价值，如果在没有得到许可或补偿的情况下使用它，那就和有人从你口袋里拿钱没什么不同。因此，当向目标受众出售公共屏幕广告的公司吹嘘其快速增长和数十亿美元的利润时，这些实际上是在赚取通过窃取我们而得的收入。"可知，在未经我们许可的情况下，大众媒体屏幕攫取我们稀缺的精神资源从而谋取了利益，就是"窃取"。C项"它秘密地占用精神资源"符合题意。故选C. 45. A. 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了，在我们未觉知的状态下，大众媒体屏幕获取我们的注意力，迫使我们吸收商业广告，攫取我们的精神资源。根据四个选项A. "注意力被盗的危机"；B. "窃取注意力的代价"C. "信息的来源或窃取"D. "支付"而不是"花费"注意力，可知A项符合文意。故选A. Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Directions: Read the following passage and fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Any apples today?” Effie asked cheerfully at my window. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo. On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then. ___39___All pretense （借口） of payment was dropped when our funds, food and funds decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities. ___40___Effie was not a rich woman. Her income, derived from investments she had made while running an interior decorating shop. had never exceeded $200 a month, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer.Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year. “Here, darling,” I said, “is what l owe you.”___41___“Give it back as I gave it to you--a little at a time.” I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie, for she died a few weeks later. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But a curious thing began to happen.Whenever I saw a fellow human in financial trouble, I was moved to help him. I can't afford to do this always, but in the ten years since Effie's death, I have indirectly repaid my debt to her.___42___ At that time, it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled. So the account can never be marked closed. for Effie's love will go on in hearts that have never known her. 【答案】39. E 40. A 41. F 42. C【解析】本文属于记叙文，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了我们一家一直受到Effie的慷慨相助，而在她死后我也一直帮助别人的，同样的，这种善心被传递了下去。【39题详解】根据上文On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then.（当然是赊帐。现金是我当时在这个世界上唯一缺少的东西。）可知作者没有现金，只能赊账，故可推测下文Effie 想要帮助作者因此告诉作者想什么时候给钱就什么时候给吧。故选E。【40题详解】根据前文Effie came often，always bringing some gift：a jar of peaches or some firewood．There were other generosities.可知Effie很慷慨，经常帮助作者和妻子，就连他们的孩子生病Effie也资助我的妻子前往纽约找专家咨询。故选A。【41题详解】根据后文Give it back as I gave it to you-----a little at a time.（把它还给我，就像我一次给你一点一样。）可知她不希望我一下子把钱给她，希望我一点点还给她。故选F。【42题详解】根据后文At that time，it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled．So the account can never be marked closed.（那时，我的债务似乎永远得不到偿还。所以账户永远不会被关闭。）可知我帮助过的人也总是会去帮助别人；所以C选项是正确的。第II卷WritingSection ASummary Writing58.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Welcome GiftDario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them set side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud music filled the room, making them feel very happy.The next morning, however, their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a note under their door during the night. Complaining about the sound of the piano. Dario’s mother asked the building manager if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all nice people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested writing a letter to apologize.“Maybe we could visit everyone in person.” his mother said．“What if we invited them to come here for a party instead? Dario asked．They both loved the idea. Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts for their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers (彩带) and party lights.Finally, the day of the party arrived. Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. One woman, Mrs. Gilbert, presented Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.“I heard you playing the other night,” she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. I worried that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you don’t think I disliked the playing.”Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we owe you an apology.” she said.“I didn’t realize how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.“You play, you play!” Mrs. Gilbert said. “I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.” She pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not so loud.”“These songs are beautiful music.” Dario’s mother said. “We will be happy to play them in the evening.” “And we won’t play so loud or late!” Dario said. He was already looking forward to practising the new music. More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mother’s face. It gave him a feeling of warmth and made him feel that they were home at last.【答案】Dario and his mother played jazz music to celebrate new apartment but next day, they received a note complaining about the sound. So they invited all neighbors to party for apology. One woman named Mrs. Gilbert presented them with a book of piano music by Chopin and suggested not playing so loud at night. Both Dario and mother were happy.【解析】【详解】本篇文章讲述了一对母子搬入新家，非常高兴，在深夜弹起钢琴庆祝，却打扰了周围邻居，邻居留言抱怨投诉。母子积极回应，为邻居们办了一场派对来缓和邻里关系，并得到邻居们的谅解，他们非常开心。概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，就可以写出很好的概要。本文可以用到的词汇或短语有：play jazz music，celebrate，new apartment，complain about，invite，present sb. with sth.，suggest等。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了一些高级表达方式，如非谓语动词Dario and his mother played jazz music to celebrate new apartment but next day, they received a note complaining about the sound.及One woman named Mrs. Gilbert presented them with a book of piano music by Chopin and suggested not playing so loud at night.全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。Section BTranslation（3+3+3+4）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 为了保持青春，她痴迷于整容外科手术，而不考虑风险。（regardless）2. 过分强调你童年所受的苦是没有意义的。（point）3. 为减少污染，政府开展了一系列的活动旨在鼓励大众用纸袋代替塑料袋。（aim）4.志愿者活动不仅能使青少年学到如何帮助残疾人，还可以提高他们与陌生人合作的意识。（Not only...）【答案】1. To stay young, she is obsessed with cosmetic surgery, regardless of risks.2.There is no point putting too much emphasis on what you suffered during your childhood.3. To reduce pollution, the government has launched a series of campaigns aiming at encouraging the public to replace plastic bags with paper bags.4.Not only can volunteer activities enable teenagers to learn how to help the disable, but also they can raise teenagers’ awareness of cooperating with strangers.【分析】考查regardless of 短语的用法 “不管，不顾”考查句型 “There is no point (in) doing ...”做某事是没有意义的。To reduce pollution动词不定式作目的状语，aim at doing旨在做......考查not only...but also的用法，是前面部分倒装，后面不用倒装。Section CDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.某校学生会就全校学生的阅读习惯作了一次调查，“关于平时阅读怎么选择”的调查结果如图表所示。请简要描述图表，谈谈该如何正确选择课外书进行阅读，并向全校同学发出倡议。参考范文：According to the survey conducted by the student union of one school on “what are you reading in your spare time”, Approximately 60% of its school students read on account of its content without considering who the author is, 30% of them choose to read books written by their favorite authors, while only 10% students pick up books written by famous authors. However, what’s the most efficient and effective way to select the right book for us to read? My suggestions are primarily listed as follows.As the saying goes, “Interest is the best teacher.” So, my priority will be given to selecting the books that you are interested in. You will continue to read and really learn something through your reading process as long as you are curious about its content. Equally important, as senior high school students, books you choose to read shouldn’t disobey ethical standard, namely, books should be beneficial to their physical and psychological health. Books written by famous people are favored by some people but may not be best for others. What suit you most are those that cater to your taste, build up your positive personality, make you reflect on yourself and eliminate your confusion.In a nutshell, as another saying goes, “one man’s meat is another man’s poison.” Everyone has his or her own preference for books to read, as long as they don’t go against the moral standard. 【作文整体评析】作文逻辑结构清晰，观点比较新颖，特殊句式有亮点，文章中谚语的使用使文章增彩不少。【教学启示】作文教学要先教会学生如何去立意，有话可说，列出观点框架。再去润色和修饰用语，使文章语言更加流畅。其次也要注意用词不要过于简单也不可过于浮夸。associated B. relaxation C. outlook D. urged E. harmony F. motivated G. exaggerating H. contrary I. track J. equivalent K. convincedA. Our baby was not doing well, so Effie financed my wife's trip to New York for consultation with a specialist.B. Give your help to those in greater need.C. The oddest part of the whole affair is that people whom I help often help others later on.D. Effie work diligently all her life.E. “Pay me whenever you like,” said Effie, climbing back into her truck.F. “Don't give it to me all at once,” she said.