上教版2020必修第三册高一英语下学期 Unit 3.The way we are 单元语法课件（不定式用法）

这是一份上教版2020必修第三册高一英语下学期 Unit 3.The way we are 单元语法课件（不定式用法），共60页。
Unit 3 The way we are必修三 上教版语法精讲动词不定式infinitivesTo learn the function of infinitives in a sentenceTo use infinitives to complete the exercises 不定式:是一种非谓语动词。1.非谓语动词:是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，2.动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。3.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。不定式的定义:不定式的形式:一.基本形式： to+动词原形 二.其否定形式是:“not/never to do”/not do.三.不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing------------------判断下列不定式在句中作何成分1. It is our duty to clean the room every day..2. I hope to find a good job in a foreign company.3. My dream is to be an artist.4. The new hospital to be built is near the factory..5. We found it difficult to work with him.6. We saw him to enter the building and go upstairs..7. He is looking for a room to live in.8. I study hard to serve the people well.9.To cath the early bus, she got up early.不定式作主语通常位于句首，表示具体的某次动作，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 To get up early is necessary. 早起是必要的。 ______________ is very important for everyone in society.  学习一项技能对社会上的每个人都很重要。 ______________________in a month is difficult. 要在一个月内完成这座建筑是困难的。不定式作主语 To learn a skill To finish the building2. 动词不定式与疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。 e.g. How to use the computer is the question.如何使用计算机是个问题。 Where to go has not been decided. 去哪儿还没有定下来。 不定式作主语3. 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而将真正的主语—不定式放到谓语的后面。e.g. It’s not easy to work out the problem. = To work out the problem is not easy. 计算出这道题不容易。It is interesting ______________________. 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。It is terrible ______________________________. 目睹轮船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。不定式作主语 to play with snow in winter to see the ship sinking into the seait作形式主语代替真正主语不定式常见于以下情况中：It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth.It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth.【温馨提示】不定式作主语常用于表示事物的特征，用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。 e.g. It’s important for us to keep the water clean. 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。1) It is ＋ adj. ＋for sb. to do sth.sb. 是to do sth.的逻辑主语It is +adj.+ for/of sb. to do sth.不定式作主语常见的此类形容词有： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。e.g. It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home这家人对我很友好，使我感到宾至如归。2) It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 形容词用来表示不定式的逻辑主语(sb.)的性质、特征或品德不定式作主语常见的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth.e.g. What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. 真遗憾你错过了这样一个精彩的电影。   It must be great fun __________________________ . 乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 不定式作主语 to fly to the moon in a spaceshipIt takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间(钱)e.g. It took me an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我做作业用了一个小时。 It will take us a lot of money __________________ . 买那套房子要花费我们很多钱。 不定式作主语 to buy that house3. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的 ,可以在不定式前加一个由 for/of 引起的短语,构成__________。2. 不定式作主语时,可以用it作_______________.It is+adj+ for sb to do ……5. It is+adj+ of sb to do………（修饰人品形容词）（修饰物的形容词）1.单个不定式作主语，谓语动词_________单数形式主语不定式的复合结构Summary6. It is+n.+for sb to do ……7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth. 1. [2019·全国I卷] It is difficult _____________ (figure) out a global population of polar bears.2. Then we will know how important it is ______us to have meaning in our life. 3. [2019·天津3月卷] Coming out of this experience, I realize it is OK __________(be) different from others.4. [2018·全国Ⅱ卷] Exercise energizes you, so ______ is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.【温馨提示】Practice: to figureforto beitⅠ.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1.It is wise (take) such gifts with gratitude.2.He will find it is easy (make) friends in this city.3. (get) there by bike will take us half an hour.4.It is an offence (drop) litter in the street.5.When (leave) for London has not been decided yet.6.It’s necessary for you (lock) the car when you do not use it.7. We can’t afford ________ (live) in such a big house. 8. The man expects his wife ________ (bring) him breakfast in bed at weekends. 9. Afraid of _____________ (bite) by snakes, the boy was afraid ________ (touch) them. 10. James Watt is known ___________________(invent) the steam engine.11.The book was said ______________________ (translate) into German in 1946.12.The meeting _______________ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. 13.A quarrel seems _____________________ (break out) between the two women and they are still glaring at each other now.to taketo makeTo getto dropto leaveto lockto have broken out to liveto bring being bittento touchto have invented to have been translatedto be held Ⅱ.补全句子1. is a good habit.每天读书是个好习惯。2. is nice.和他们交朋友真是令人愉快。3. to do me a favor.你能帮助我真是太好了。4. does good to your health.晚饭后散步对健康有好处。5.It is impossible for lost time .弥补失去的时间是不可能的。6.It is difficult for us in a quarter of an hour.我们很难在15分钟内完成这篇作文。Reading books every dayTo make friends with themIt’s kind of youWalking after supperto be made upto finish writing the compositionⅢ语法填空 Mike drove to a remote border town alone. He didn’t stop the car 1. ________ (take) a break although he was feeling tired. As a result, a traffic accident occurred, which caused him 2. _________________ (trap) inside the car. Fortunately a girl who happened to pass by volunteered 3. ________ (save) him, only 4. ________ (find) Mike was completely locked in the car. After calling an ambulance, she managed 5. ________ (give) him first aid, using the method she had learned at school. Soon, Mike was rushed to hospital in an ambulance. It took him three months 6. ___________ (recover) from his injuries. The girl named Mary felt pleased 7. ____________ (do) such a great thing, though she realized the car may have exploded. When interviewed, she said, “I’ve also met with a traffic accident. A kind passer-by saved my life but he was killed. I was the only one 8. _______________ (survive) the crash. The man was said 9. ______________ (work) on the road helping people in need for ten years. I was too moved even to speak when hearing the story. Therefore, I determined 10. ________ (stay) here and give people in need a helping hand.” to stay to take to be trapped to save to findto give to recoverto have done to have survived to have worked Why does he come so early?DiscoveryHis aim is to take the first bus.1 结构 Be (am/is/are/was/were) + 不定式e.g. The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 2 功能（1）解释主语描述的行为或说明该行为带来的结果。主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / ambition/ dream / work/job/ability/attempt/chance/ desire/ need/ opportunity/ refusal/ wish/ aim/ purpose/ decision/ choice...等名词 e.g. My dream is to be a singer. His work is to clean the classroom every day.不定式作表语（2）表示“安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等e.g. I am to set out for China next week. 下周我要动身到中国去。 （安排） You are to have a face-to-face talk with them. 你应该和他们当面谈一谈。（劝告） Children are not to smoke. 儿童不准吸烟。（禁止） 不定式作表语 3. 两种特殊用法（1）不定式短语to let，to blame，to seek 等常用主动形式表示被动含义The house is to let. Who is to blame for the population decline of the tigers in that area? The reason for global warming is not far to seek. 全球变暖的原因不难找到。（ 2）当主语部分含有动词 do 的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to Anything we can do is (to) guarantee it will be delivered on time. In the evening the only thing he did was (to) read on the blog. 不定式作表语4. 当主语含定语从句且其先行词为代词all或形容词最高级the least, the most时：+系动词+不定式作句子的表语。 eg All he wanted was to be left alone. The least I can expect is to have this day all to myself.5. 当不定式作表语时，句子主语可以使what引导的主语从句。 eg What I want to do now is (to) have a rest.不定式作表语3. Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spreadof disease is for people ________(wash) their hands with soap and water.4. The next step is ________ sure that you know exactly what is required. 5. The purpose of education is __________ (develop) a fine personality in children.to wash to make to develop 1. The motto of the little boy who was suffering from a muscle disease was _______ (live) one day at a time. 2. It is you, including your cousin, that ____________ (blame) for the loss of the golden chance. to live are to blame Complete the sentences.1. 要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？ ________________ if they ask me the question?2. 她应该为所发生的事情受到责备。 _________________ for what has happened.3. 你要做的事情是面对现实。 The thing for you to do ________________.4. 我筋疲力尽，想能马上就去度假。 I am exhausted and tired out. What I want to do __________ __________.What am I to sayShe is to blameis (to) face the factsis to take a holiday不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语e.g. We begin to read English at 6:30a.m. She forgot to close the door.不定式作宾语常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： want, plan, hope, wish, learn, decide, would like, begin, start, try, need, forget, choose, prepare, agree, promise, manage,encourage, fail, happen, mean, refuse, offer, learn，etc.forget, remember, prefer, like等动词除了跟不定式作宾语，可以跟动名词做宾语吗？动词不定式作宾语的注意事项不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如： e.g. I found it necessary to talk to him again. I found it important to learn English.不定式作宾语think/ find / consider+ it+ adj. + to do 1、Don’t forget _________________.(关灯)2、I happened ________when he called me. （出去）3、I don’t want________________. (依赖别人）4、Sam is learning________________. (怎样开车）5、We promise __________ the environment.(保护)to turn off the lightto go outto depend on othershow to drive a carPracticeto protectComplete the following sentences.1.I _______________ (希望收到…来信) you soon. 2.John ________________ (不想当) the host of the charity show.3.They’re ____________ (试着解决) the problem by himself.4.Millions of people _________________ (已学会使用) computers. hope to hear fromdoesn’t want to betrying to solvehave learned to useRainbow expects you to have a bright future.考点一：跟“不定式”作宾语补足语的动词／动词短语allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on, require, forbid, advise, recommend,, permit, 等 sb to do sthe.g. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _________ (speak) to the new students. 不定式作宾补:to speakrequire, forbid, advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage + sb. +to do sth.(接动词的不定式作宾补)但如果直接用动词作宾语时，还是用to do吗？require, forbid, advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage + doing sth.(接动名词作宾语)I advise you to have a rest.I advise having a rest.不定式作宾补难点:五看 watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear一感觉: feel当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to: 被动语态不省to） 不定式作宾补难点:1.John was made the car for a week as a punishment A.to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing2.The patient was warned food after the operation. A.to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating3.Internet bars mustn’t let anybody bad things , especially children. A. watch B.to watch C. watching D. watchesPracticeACAI was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______ (catch). 我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。不定式作定语to catch考点一：不定式与其所修饰的词之间常是动宾关系He is always the first _________ at the school and the last to leave the school.　他总是第一个(人)到校，最后一个(人)离校。 考点二：序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。to arrive不定式作定语The ability _________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.　表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。(湖南卷)考点三：被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。如ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。to express不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。e.g. We have a lot of homework to do .如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.e.g. He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.something, anything, nothing…+adj.+ to doe.g. I have something interesting to tell you.不定式作定语:1.Do you have anything more_______ ﹙要说﹚?2.She has a lot of work _______﹙做﹚ every day .3. The old man has a house _________ ﹙住﹚.4. She is a nice person__________ ﹙共事﹚ .to say to doto live into work withPractice不定式作状语___________(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.　(2019·江苏卷)为了享受数字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。To enjoy考点一：作目的状语。可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。不定式作状语Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ (find) his plane high up in the sky. 　汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果却发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。to find考点二：作结果状语。常用于下列结构中：only to do(表示意想不到的结果)；enough to do(足够做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能做……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等不定式作状语The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ________(see) anything that happened to be on. to see考点三：作原因状语。常与表示喜怒哀乐、运气好坏的形容词(happy, ashamed, sorry, glad, delighted, angry, discouraged, shocked...)连用1.To see you is glad. =It’s glad to see you. 2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you.5.He is the man to see you.6.I’m glad to see you.7.I went to see you.8.He went so early as to see you9. How to solve this problem is very important.（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）和疑问词连用Summary (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made ___________ his teaching because of poor health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We find it impossible for the work _____________ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned ____________ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants________________________ once more.5.I meant _____________ you about it, but I forgot to do so.to have told __________(improve) my English grammar, I watched some videos made by Rainbow. I wanted ________(make) sure that my grammar was as good as it could be. Rainbow helped me ____________ (understand) some complex grammatical points. It is impossible _________(know) everything in a short time, but I improved a lot, and I would really like _________(thank) her for what she did. ________ (help) me like this was very kind.To improveto make(to) understandto knowto thankTo help1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。__________________ are both great happiness.2中国人民决不会征服。The Chinese people refuse _________________3据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said __________________________.4 根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported ____________________To love and to be lovedto give in/ be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived safely5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike ___________________________.6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Mary seemed _____________________________.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known __________________ a gold medal at the Olympic.to be repaired at once/ immediatelyto have been told about itto have been given Complete some sentences:1、_________________________________(为了提高英语成绩), Tom goes to the English corner every day. 2、I was__________________________(太累了，难于入睡。) 3、She ran fast _______________________(为了赶上早班车).4、He is____________________________(富有得可以买辆小汽车).In order to improve his English too tired to fall asleep.to catch the first bus rich enough to buy a car.考点突破考点一 不定式作主语一 不定式作主语和表语◆No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better to remain silent.1．不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的 动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而 将不定式后置。1) It + be + difficult/easy/hard…+for sb to do sth 2) It +be + careless/clever/kind… +of sb to do sth3) It +be +名词 +to do sth 4) It + took/takes sb + some time +to do sth一 不定式作主语和表语◆His wish is to be a doctor in the future.◆What I want to do most in senior high school is (to) improve my English.(如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to) 不定式作表语时：(1)表示预定要发生的动作；(2)当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；(3)主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。enjoyingto bargain考点突破考点二 不定式作状语二 不定式作状语◆ During the Mid－Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.◆ Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.◆ This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.考点归纳（ 不定式作状语）1．作目的状语， 可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。2．作结果状语，常用于下列结构中： only to do(表示意想不到的结果)； enough to do(足够做……)； too...to do...(太……而不能……)； so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。3．作原因状语， 常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。不 定式用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。这类形容词:happy, glad, sorry, anxious, angry, pleased, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。 名师点津 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，形容词表示主语的性质或特征，如： easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous 等。句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。The man is not easy to get along well with .　 Offeredto save(）考点突破考点三 不定式作定语一 不定式作定语◆The play to be produced next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.◆He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.　◆And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.考点归纳（不定式作定语）不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。2. 序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。3．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。 常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。名师点津不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。◆Have you got anything to buy?◆I want to go to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought?名师点津不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。◆Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn’t find any paper to write on.to catchspentsaying考点突破考点四 非谓语动词作宾语一 非谓语动词作宾 语◆The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and comprehensive review of the case.◆There is no doubt that the event will attract more visitors to enjoy visiting this wonderful city. ◆I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.◆The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by describing various sounds. 考点归纳 （非谓语 动词作宾语）1．只接不定式作宾语的动词： decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish； refuse, manage， care, pretend ,offer, promise, choose, plan；agree, ask/beg, help等 2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语： consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon；admit, fancy avoid, miss，deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate，forbid/avoid, imagine, risk；mind, allow/permit, escape等考点归纳 （非谓语 动词作宾 语）3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词： (1)try to do 尽力try doing 试着去做 (2)mean to do打算做；mean doing 意味着 (3)regret to do遗憾要去做regret doing后悔做过 (4)remember to do 记得去做remember doing记得做过 (5)forget to do忘记去做forget doing 忘记做了4．动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。 由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语， 常见的有：be/get used to(习惯于), feel like(想要), insist on(坚 持), get down to(开始认真做某事), devote...to...(致力于……), object to(反对), stick to(坚持), give up(放弃)， have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，have fun (in) doing sth.等名师点津3.动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。　 4.当非谓语动词位于but, except后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当其前有实义动词do及相关形式时，则不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。◆We had no choice but to wait.◆I could do nothing except/but agree.名师点津不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语,结构： find/think/ believe/ consider + it +宾补 + to do 　 ◆ I find it interesting to study history.to eattryingto be discoveredtrying考点突破考点五 非谓语动词作宾补一 不定式作宾补◆If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。高考点津◆He is thought to have acted foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.Sb/sth be said/believed/reported/considered /thought＋to do/to have done（不定式用作主语补足语） It be+ said/believed/reported/considered… +that becomingorganized(3) Tom is said ________________ (go) abroad last week.have gone 如何解答非谓语动词题目解题指导1. 分析句子结构，辨别“谓语和非谓语” (全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers_____________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.2．寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系(重庆卷)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ____________ (return) to our shop for quality problems. 3．分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序_______________ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.conductedreturned　Having worked谢谢观看