北京市房山区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（Word版附解析）

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本试卷共10页，共100分。时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。
第一部分 知识运用 (共两节, 30分)
第一节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
N ne is brn a winner. Peple make themselves int winners by their wn effrts.
Many years ag I tk the head ___1___ jb at a schl in Baxley, Gergia. It was a small schl with a weak ftball prgram.
It was a traditin fr the schl’s ld team t ___2___ against the new team at the end f spring practice. The ld team had n cach, and they didn’t even prepare fr the game. Being the cach f the new team, I was excited because I knew we were ging t ___3___, but t my disappintment we were defeated. Thinking hard abut this bad situatin, I came t realize that my team members were ___4___ me. I had t change my attitude abut their ability and ptential.
I started helping them build a little ___5___. Mst imprtantly, I began t treat them like winners. That summer, when the ther teams enjyed their vacatins, we met every day and ___6___ passing and kicking the ftball.
Six mnths after suffering ur defeat n the spring practice field, we wn ur first game and ur secnd, and cntinued t ___7___. Finally, my bys beat the best team in Gergia, giving me a sudden feeling f great ___8___!
Frm the experience I learned a lt abut hw the attitude f the leader can affect the members f a team. Instead f seeing my bys as lsers, I pushed and ___9___ them. I helped them t see themselves ____10____, and they built themselves int winners.
1. A. peratingB. editingC. cnsultingD. caching
2. A. playB. guardC. prtectD. infrm
3. A. fightB. attendC. winD. act
4. A. reacting tB. lking frC. depending nD. caring abut
5. A. prideB. cultureC. frtuneD. relatinship
6. A. riskedB. missedC. cnsideredD. practised
7. A. relaxB. imprveC. expandD. defend
8. A. sadnessB. excitementC. curisityD. fear
9. A. encuragedB. bservedC. testedD. impressed
10. A. hnestlyB. individuallyC. calmlyD. differently
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Flrentijn Hfman is a Dutch artist, whse large sculptures are n display all ver the wrld. One way fr him t find inspiratin is turning t his children’s ___11___ (ty). These bjects have given him ideas fr his animal sculptures, such as the famus Rubber Duck created by him ___12___ 2007. A mre recent wrk f his is the huge Flating Fish, ___13___ was set amng the beautiful landscape f Wuzhen West Scenic Zne.
B
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
During Darwin’s time, peple believed that all species ___14___ (appear) n Earth at the same time, and had nt changed since. ___15___ Darwin began t think differently. He nticed that sme species f animals were very similar t each ther. Maybe animals evlved as they adapted t ___16___ (they) changing envirnments? It was just an idea. But it was enugh ___17___ (inspire) Darwin t lk fr mre evidence.
C
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
___18___ (sit) back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m abut t travel alng the railway that many freign experts claimed was “impssible”. The train ___19___ (race) alng steadily since it left Xining. All this time, the sng “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head. The wrds “railways like massive dragns are winding amng the muntains” seem ___20___ (particular) vivid as I travel acrss the “rf f the wrld”.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节, 38分)
第一节 (共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Due t its status as the lngest-running capital in ancient China, Xi’an has had a deep impact n the life and culture f the cuntry. If yu are planning a tur f Xi’an, yu’ll want t hit all the fllwing highlights.
Terractta Army
Discvered near Lintng, Xi’an, the army f Terractta Warrirs was cnstructed by China’s First Emperr Qinshihuang f the Qin Dynasty. It is a cllectin f thusands f life-size terractta sldiers, hrses and charits in battle frmatin, shwing the emperr’s armies in full splendr.
Xi’an City Wall
Xi’an City Wall was built in the 14th century by Zhu Yuanzhang, the first Emperr f the Ming Dynasty as a military defense system. Nw it is ne f the ldest and best-preserved Chinese city walls. The wall is nw a landmark, dividing the city int inner and uter areas. When yu take a walk r cycle n the massive wall, yu can enjy a gd view f the city, the mat and the watchtwers.
Giant Wild Gse Pagda
The Giant Wild Gse Pagda was built in the Tang Dynasty fr the study f Buddhist scriptures. One f the main functins f the pagda was t stre sutras and figurines brught t China frm India by the famus mnk and traveler Xuan Zang, wh stayed here fr 19 years translating Buddhist scriptures.
Shaanxi Histry Museum
The Shaanxi Histry Museum is hme t ver 370,000 precius relics unearthed in Shaanxi ver the years. Its cllectins range frm brnze wares t pttery figures, gld and silverwares and mural paintings frm the Tang Dynasty tmbs. Amng its precius cllectins, 18 pieces have been listed as natinal treasures.
21. What will yu see when yu visit Terractta Army?
A. Terractta sldiers and hrses.B. Bks translated by Xuan Zang.
C. A gd view f Xi’an.D. Terractta pts fr plants.
22. Which attractin will yu chse if yu are interested in natinal treasures?
A. Giant Wild Gse Pagda.B. Shaanxi Histry Museum.
C. Terractta Army.D. Xi’an City Wall.
23. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A travel guidebk.B. A science magazine.C. A research paper.D. A news reprt.
B
Abut five weeks ag, I nticed the skin f ur pet lizard (蜥蜴) was grwing dusty. It wrried me. I reprted the strange surface n the skin f the lizard t my husband and children the next mrning. Secnds later, ur lizard emerged frm its tank with its ld skin flwing behind it.
I didn’t think abut it much until a mrning last week when I kncked my favrite teapt ff the table. It burst int hundreds f pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wndered why we had been breaking s many things ver the mnths.
The damage started three mnths ag. It was my husband’s birthday. He had just lst his jb. The uncertainty was starting t wear n us, s I wanted t d smething special.
“Let’s make a cake fr Dad!” I cried
My kids screamed with jy. We baked, iced and sprinkled fr mst f the day. Candles n the cake! Ballns n the walls! Flwers n the table!
Tw hurs befre my husband came back hme frm anther jb interview, my daughter climbed up t grab a glass vase frm a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces f glass were everywhere. She sbbed ludly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding fr his birthday.
Three days ag, the light in ur living rm suddenly went ut. After several frustrating hurs f unsuccessful attempts t fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jrdan dcumentary (纪录片) series The Last Dance.
The pignancy (酸楚) f Jrdan retiring frm his belved basketball t play baseball and what had pushed him t make such a tugh decisin tk me by surprise. As I watched him take ff his basketball unifrm and replace it with a baseball unifrm, I saw him leaving behind what n lnger served him, just as ur lizard had. Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.
Humans d nt shed skin as easily as ther animals. The beginning f change is upsetting. The prcess is tiring. Damage changes us befre we are ready. I see ur lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jrdan said that n matter hw it ends, it starts with hpe. With ur tender, hpeful skin, that is where we begin.
24. What can we learn abut the pet lizard frm Paragraph 1?
A. It went missing.B. Its tank grew dirty.C. It gt a skin disease.D. Its ld skin came ff.
25. Why did the authr’s husband have banana pudding fr his birthday?
A. The birthday cake feel frm the shelf.B. The birthday cake was damaged.
C. The authr made gd puddings.D. Pudding was his favrite dessert.
26. The underlined part “leaving behind what n lnger served him” in Paragraph 8 mst prbably means ________.
A. falling behind the tp playersB. lking back n the past
C. giving up a bad habitD. putting the past behind
27. What des the authr mst likely want t tell us?
A Lve f family helps us survive great hardships.
B. It’s nt the end f the wrld if we break things.
C. We shuld mve n n matter what happens.
D. Past experiences shuld be treasured.
C
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
28. In writing Paragraph 1, the authr aims t ________.
A. give an exampleB. intrduce a tpicC. reach a cnclusinD. make a cmparisn
29. Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A. T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.B. T cmpare different types f park-gers.
C T explain why the park attracts turists.D. T cllect data frm the park.
30. What shuld we d befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A. Create a new language.B. Develp cmmunicatin skills.
C. Cnserve the Earth.D. Educate peple.
D
Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind t be bth functinal and beautiful. Why, then, is art still s widely cnsidered t be “the easy subject” at schl, insignificant t wider sciety, a waste f time and effrt?
Art can cnnect culture with cmmercial (商业的) prducts in a way that nt many ther things can; art generates mney and hlds significant emtinal and cultural value within cmmunities. When peple attend a cncert, they are paying fr music, sure, maybe even htel rms, meals, and transprt, but they als gain an incredible experience, a unique atmsphere and a memry that will g thrugh the rest f their lives. Peple dn’t just want material things anymre, they want t experience life—the arts are a perfect crssver (交迭) between culture and cmmerce.
Furthermre, the arts can bring cmmunities tgether, reducing lneliness and making peple feel safer. Scial relatinships are created amng individuals when they share their arts experiences thrugh reflectin and discussin, and their expressin f cmmn values thrugh artwrks in hnur f events significant t a natin’s experience.
The arts clearly have a pretty psitive impact n physical and psychlgical health. It is fund that peple wh frequent cultural places r participate in artistic events are mre likely t gain gd health cmpared t thse wh d nt; mre engagement with the arts is linked t a higher level f peple’s well-being. The Ryal Sciety f Public Health discvered that music and art, when used in hspitals, help t imprve the cnditins f patients by reducing stress, anxiety and bld pressure.
Children wh are invlved with the arts make greater achievements in their educatin: thse engaged with drama have greater literary ability while thers taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and languages. Kids with preference fr the arts have a greater chance f finding emplyment in the future. Participating in the arts is essential fr child develpment; encuraging children t express themselves in cnstructive ways culd help t frm healthy emtinal respnses in later life.
Vital t human life, art is celebrated and used by natins acrss the wrld fr varius purpses. Life withut art wuld be bring and dead still, fr art is a part f what makes us human.
31. As fr art prducts, which wuld the authr agree with?
A. Mst peple buy them fr cllectin.
B. Their prices may climb up as time passes.
C. They differ frm many ther cmmercial prducts.
D. They have cultural values rather than cmmercial values.
32. Kids wh engage with the arts tend t ________.
A. be mre respnsible adults when they grw up
B. be mre cnfident in exhibiting their learning skills
C. have mre pprtunities t d creative jbs in the future
D. have better learning perfrmance and emtinal develpment
33. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Art prducts are mre expensive.
B. The arts can make peple feel lnelier.
C. Artistic activities can imprve peple’s health.
D. The arts can help peple becme mre beautiful.
34. What is the best title fr this passage?
A. Art Is Beneficial fr PatientsB. Art Wastes Time and Effrt
C. Art Can Prevent Heart DiseaseD. Art Is Imprtant t Humankind
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Here’s a riddle: What d traffic jams, lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn? There is ne answer. ___35___
In the Digital Age, we’re used t having what we need immediately and right at ur fingertips. Hwever, research suggests that if we practised patience, we’d be a whle lt better ff. Here are several tricks we can learn t imprve patience.
___36___. Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre psitive. ___37___ “Shwing thankfulness can develp self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia. A simple gratitude exercise can help us practise patience. We’ll take it!
Yu shuld make yurself wait. Immediate gratificatin (满足) may seem like the mst “feel gd” ptin at the time, but psychlgy research suggests waiting fr things actually makes us happier in the lng run. And the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practise. Start with small tasks. ___38___ Wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake. Yu’ll sn find that the mre patience yu practise, the mre yu start t apply it t ther, mre annying situatins.
It is imprtant t accept the uncmfrtable. S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate (容忍), and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. ___39___ Yu shuld learn t say t yurself, “This is merely uncmfrtable, nt intlerable.” Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient.
A. Yu’d better find the causes.
B. Yu’d better practise gratitude.
C. All this adds up t a state f relaxatin.
D. It can als help us practise mre patience.
E. Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend.
F. They’re all situatins where we culd use a little extra patience.
G. But we need t becme cmfrtable with the uncmfrtable t develp a little mre patience.
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节, 32分)
第一节 (共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分
阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Many f us wrk tirelessly twards ur gals. We may spend ur lives dreaming f the day we are admitted t ur ideal university, publish ur first bk r purchase ur first hme. Hwever, mre ften than nt, when we achieve these things, it desn’t feel quite as expected. In fact, the achievement f the gals feels anti-climactic, r a bit f a letdwn.
“An anti-climax can be an unexpected by-prduct f a milestne achievement. Usually, the mre significant the milestne, the greater the anti-climax may be,” says Rachel Vra, psychtherapist and funder f CYP Well-being. “The jurney t achieving a milestne can be exciting and all-cnsuming. Therefre, when this disappears vernight, we can ften feel lst and cnfused.”
If yu find yurself wrking tward smething big that yu suspect may feel like a bit f a letdwn, there are steps yu can take t manage and even prevent the feeling f anti-climax.
First, enjy the jurney. Yu’d better slw dwn a little and cme t realize that jy cmes frm the ding, nt the cmpleting. S instead f rushing fr it t be dne, take a mment t enjy the ding.
Secnd, fresee the cmedwn. If yu are aware f a ptential upcming anti-climax, schedule an activity t lk frward t sn after the event has finished. Cnsider planning sme time with friends and family, r attending a cncert r even a cking class. This can act as a reminder that ther aspects f life can be just as fulfilling.
Third, nrmalize the experience. The key is t nrmalize feelings f lw md, cnfusin, and self-dubt arund anti-climaxes, which are smething many peple underg. Cnnecting with thers may als be beneficial. It can help t engage with friends and influencers nline wh share similar experiences t feel less islated (孤立的) with yur wn emtins.
40. Based n what Rachel Vra says, what can an anti-climax be?
________________________________________________
41. What steps can yu take t manage the feeling f anti-climax?
________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement then underline it and explain why.
If yu are aware f a ptential upcming anti-climax, avid planning sme time with friends and family.
________________________________________________
43. Suppse yu have just been admitted t yur dream university. What will yu d t deal with the anti-climax? (In abut 40 wrds)
________________________________________________
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim非常热爱体育运动。他在网上观看了中国的体育赛事，发邮件询问你最钦佩的体育人物。请你用英文给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 人物介绍；
2. 人物对你的影响。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua