山西省榆次第一中学校2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试（暑假作业检查）英语试题（原卷版）

这是一份山西省榆次第一中学校2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试（暑假作业检查）英语试题（原卷版），共11页。

第一部分 单句填空(每题 1 分，共 20 分)
1. He’s giving me English lessns in exchange ______________ my teaching him Chinese. （用适当的单词填空）
2. Filled with __________ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3. Accrding t Prfessr Jhnsn, we dn’t have t read the bk if we dn’t want t, as it is ________ (ptin). （所给词的适当形式填空）
4. Once the bk yu’ve requested ______ (deliver) t the nearest stre, they will infrm yu by e-mail, s yu can pick it up.(所给词的适当形式填空)
5. He brught us sme nvels, all f ________ are written in English. (用适当的词填空)
6. Fr thse wh can stmach it, wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre________(benefit) fr health than eating first. （所给词的适当形式填空）
7. While ________ (discuss) the design t save the trapped miners, the experts fund it rather practical. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8. The law ________(date) back t the 17th century is still in use tday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9. The students are studying in an atmsphere ________ everyne is friendly. (用适当的词填空)
10. Jhn was studying in his rm ________ he heard smene screaming. (用适当的词填空)
11. Histrical ____ (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.（用单词适当形式填空）
12. It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse_________________we saw Lily in the passenger seat. （用适当的词填空）
13. The library is nw a multimedia zne, ________ (lad) with infrmatin in many frmats. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14. It was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it ________ (take) t get there. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15. We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ________ (ccur) billins f years ag. （所给词的适当形式填空）
16. She aplgised t me and admitted_____ (take) my umbrella by mistake. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17. Wh desn’t lve the name PNUT — shrt ____________ Persnal Ne Urban Transprt? (用适当的词填空)
18. S far, the clsure f the factry ____________ (leave) hundreds f men unemplyed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19. With the Cllege Entrance Examinatin _________(apprach), I strngly recmmend that we shuld value time and study hard t be admitted int key universities. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20. Sme were cllecting firewd, while thers were just ___________ (aimless) walking r standing by the rad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第二部分 阅读理解(每题 2.5 分，共 55 分)
(1)
Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have fund a way t make "green" ammnia (氨) frm air, water and renewable electricity. In a paper published in Energy and Envirnmental Science, the authrs say that ammnia synthesis (合成法) was ne f the critical achievements f the 20th century. When used in fusiliers that significantly increase the utput f fd crps, it enabled agriculture t sustain an ever-expanding glbal ppulatin.
But since the beginning f the 1900s when it was first emplyed, prductin f ammnia has been energy intensive- requiring temperatures higher than 400℃ and pressures greater than 200 atm-and all pwered by fssil fuels. Dr. Emma Lvell, a c authr n the paper frm UNSW, says the traditinal way t make ammnia- knwn as the Haber- Bsch prcess- is nly cst-effective when it is prduced n a massive scale due t the huge amunts f energy and expensive materials required and it prduces mre CO2 than any ther chemical-making reactin.
“In additin t the big carbn ftprint left by the Haber Bsch prcess, having t prduce millins f tns f ammnia in centralised lcatins means even mre energy is required t transprt it arund the wrld, nt t mentin the risks that g with string large amunts f it in the ne place,” says Dr. Lvell. “And we saw tragically in Beirut recently hw ptentially dangerus string ammnium nitrate (硝酸盐) can be. ”
Dr. Lvell and her clleagues therefre lked at hw t prduce it cheaply, n a smaller scale and using renewable energy. Their new prductin methd des nt rely n fssil fuel resurces, nr give f CO2.
“And nce it becmes available cmmercially, the technlgy culd be used t prduce ammnia directly n site and n demand- farmers culd even d this n lcatin using ur technlgy t make fertilisers- which means we negate the need fr strage and transprt There's a huge benefit t sciety as well as the health f the planet,”Dr. Lvell says.
21. What d we knw abut the Haver-Bsch prcess?
A. It des harm t the earth.
B. It requires green materials.
C. It uses less energy and is cheap.
D. It transfrms fssil fuels int ammnia.
22. Why is the city Beirut mentined in the text?
A. T remind peple t prtect the envirnment.
B T give an example f the risk in ammnia strage.
C. T cnvince farmers t transprt ammnia elsewhere.
D. T stress the chice f a prper centralised lcatin.
23. What des the underlined wrd “negate” prbably mean in the last paragraph?
A. Inspect.B. Avid.C. Suit.D. Accept.
24. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T slve a prblem.B. T explain a prcess.
C. T advcate a thery.D. T intrduce a methd.
(2)
Pllinatin (授粉) is imprtant fr the reprductin f many plants. Sme rely n the wind r water fr pllinatin, but mst depend n animals t serve as the pllinatrs. Insects like bees, mths, and beetles als serve as the pllinatrs, helping with this prcess.
Unfrtunately, the wrldwide spread f light pllutin may be affecting the imprtant interactins (相互作用) between plants and insects, causing bad cnsequences fr bth natural areas and agricultural lands.
A team f scientists in Switzerland recently studied hw the cmplex interactins between plants and pllinatrs were affected by artificial light at night. By setting up several grasslands with LED street lamps, the scientists were able t cmpare the differences.
Fcusing n cabbage thistle, a type f plants, the researchers cunted 62% fewer insect visits t the lit grasslands. They als nted 29% fewer pllinatrs than the nes in the uncntrlled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits n the cabbage thistle plants they were studying.
Based n the fact that there was reduced fruit prductin in the cntrlled lands, the scientists fund that the pllinatrs wh wrked during the day were nt able t make up fr the reduced activity f the pllinatrs at night. Additinally, there seemed t be the ptential fr a very negative effect, because many f the plants sme insects are helping t pllinate are the mst imprtant surces f fd fr them.
Artificial light affects pllinatin, and thus fruit prductin, in tw different, but cnnected ways, accrding t a scientist frm Califrnia. Imagine a mth flying int a light at night — the first way is by misdirecting pllinatrs. The secnd way is by cnfusing the sense f time f plants. Besides, plants and insects respnd t varying wavelengths f light differently. Mre research is needed t understand the cmplex interactins between plants, pllinatrs, and different types f light.
“The annually increasing man made light imprves humans’ life. It causes bad cnsequences fr the envirnment, hwever. We can never base ur life n the lss f the envirnment,” says Knp, lead authr f the study.
25. Accrding t the passage, the first paragraph is used t ________.
A. put frward a prblemB. present backgrund infrmatin
C. infrm the purpse f the studyD. intrduce the subjects t be studied
26. Accrding t the study, the plants under the artificial light ________.
A. stpped bearing fruits in the endB. failed t be pllinated
C. were visited by fewer insectsD. were mre attractive t pllinatrs
27. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 5 refer t?
A. The starvatin f insects.B. The lss f pllinatin.
C. The reduced fruit prductin.D. The death f sme plants.
28. What can we learn frm Paragraph 6?
A. Misdirected insects cnfuse plants’ sense f time.
B. Pllinatin and fruit prductin are related in tw ways.
C. The different effects f varying light n pllinatin are clear.
D. Artificial light affects plants’ pllinatin and sense f time.
(3)
Antarctica(南极洲)’s melting ice, which has caused glbal sea levels t rise by at least 13.8 millimeters ver the past 40 years, was thught t primarily cme frm the unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet(WAIS). Nw, scientists have fund that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)—cnsidered largely unaffected by climate change—may als be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed.
The WAIS, whse base is belw sea level, has lng been cnsidered the mst likely t break dwn. Besides gravity, a deep current f warm water slips beneath the sheet, melting it frm belw until it becmes a flating shelf at risk f breaking away. In cntrast, extreme cld and a base mstly abve sea level are thught t keep the EAIS relatively safe frm warm waters.
But as greenhuse gases warm much f the planet, driving strnger plar winds, sme scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start t invade East Antarctica’s nce unassailable ice. A cperatin f mre than 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added abut 5 billin tns f ice each year frm 1992 t 2017.
Eric Rignt f the University f Califrnia, Irvine, and clleagues cmbined 40 years f satellite imagery and climate mdeling and fund that verall Antarctica nw sends six times mre ice int the sea each year than it did in 1979, with the majrity cming frm West Antarctica. But East Antarctica was respnsible fr mre than 30% f Antarctica’s cntributin t the 13.8-millimeter sea level rise ver the past 40 years. “The mre we lk at this system the mre we realize this is fragile,” Rignt says. “Once these glaciers becme unstable there is n red buttn t press t stp it.”
Rignt hpes the study brings greater attentin t a part f Antarctica that has traditinally been understudied. Helen Fricker, a glacilgist (冰川学家) in Califrnia, agrees. “We need t mnitr the entire Antarctica and we just can’t d that withut internatinal cperatin.”
29. What is the new finding f scientists?
A. The east Antarctica is lsing ice at an increasing rate.
B. The west Antarctica is melting six times faster than in 1979.
C. 5 billin tns f ice is added t Antarctica each year.
D. The sea level has risen by 13.8 mm ver the past 40 years.
30. Which factr leads t the EAIS’s melting fast?
A. A base mstly ver sea level.B. The frce f gravity.
C. The invasin f a warm current.D. Extremely lw temperature.
31. Which f the fllwing best explains “unassailable” underlined in Para. 3 ?
A. Fragile.B. Unattackable.
C. Mild.D. Unstable.
32. Which way des Helen Fricker specially advcate?
A. Satellite imagery.B. Glbal mnitring.
C Wrldwide climate mdeling.D. Wrldwide cmbined effrts.
(4)
When yu’re giving a speech, there isn’t a ne-stp-shp apprach that will address every individual. _____33_____ These requirements need t be cnsidered when planning yur speech.
___34___ Larger audiences ften have little r n audience participatin, s yur tne and bdy language are mre imprtant than ever. Maintaining eye cntact with as many individuals is necessary t keep them engaged. Fr smaller audiences, they ften have mre pprtunities t be cnversatinal and relaxed. This means yu’ll need t prepare enugh material t fill the time slt and allw fr questins r cmments thrughut. Meanwhile, yu still need t deliver yur message in the time yu have.
Keep it in mind that yu naturally have different types f peple in the audience. _______35_______ Generally, there are 4 different ways peple learn: visual, auditry, reading and writing and kinaesthetic (动觉的). Including these elements f each learning style in yur speech will help engage mre f yur audience.
Cnsider whether yu are addressing ther experts in the same field r beginners with limited knwledge arund the tpic. _____36_____ The mst effective way t d this is t create tw versins f yur speech that have different cntents entirely.
N matter hw much yu prepare and adapt yur cntent fr wh yu’ll be talking t, yu may find yu are lsing audience engagement. It’s imprtant that yu read and act n these signals which can be anything frm lack f eye cntact, yawning r yur listener being n their phne. ___37___
A. Adapt yur speech based n yur audience size.
B. Adjust yur apprach t get back their attentin.
C. It can assist in cnnecting with different audiences.
D. They learn and take in infrmatin in different ways.
E. Adjust yur speech t target these tw types f audience.
F. Take time t bserve and lk ut fr the reactins in the crwd.
G. Audiences have different requirements when receiving infrmatin.
(5)
Unsurprisingly, peple wh are very busy als tend t be very successful and knwledgeable, s it’s in yur interest t befriend with them. But hw d yu talk t such busy peple in rder t make friends with them? ____38____ the same rules apply. Hwever, there are a few specific rules fr talking with busy peple in particular.
Remember that even busy peple are scial creatures. That peple are busy desn’t mean they dn’t want t chat with thers r they dn’t enjy it. ____39____ Busy peple can be very scial and friendly. Like anyne else, they have a deep-seated need t scialize and make friends.
___40___ They knw they’re capable and in demand, but it desn’t mean they expect thers t prve themselves t them. The best use f yur time talking with busy peple is nt in trying t impress them. Fcus n making a cnversatin and creating a cnnectin, nt n prving yurself.
Spend mre time in their field. When dealing with busy peple, since their time is in high demand, yur favrite tpics take a slight backseat t theirs. It usually makes sense t make sure they find the tpics yu talk abut meaningful. ___41___
Get t the pint. ____42____ Their time is highly valuable. S they dn’t need yu t sugar cat yur messages that much, they just want yu t say what yu have t say.
A. Dn’t try t prve yurself.
B. Dn’t hesitate t change yur plans.
C. They just dn’t have that much time fr it.
D. It’s cmfrtable fr them t chat with peple wh they like.
E. Mstly, talking t busy peple is the same as talking t any thers.
F. Once yu’ve fund a tpic they enjy talking abut, yu shuld explre that tpic.
G. Busy peple have little patience fr cmmunicatrs wh beat arund the bush.
第三部分 完型填空(每题 1 分，共 45 分)
(1)
It’s ften recmmended t befriend the enemy but high schl freshman Xavier Staubs did mre than that. He saved his life.
At a swim meet, the 15-year-ld by rescued a ___43___wh was struggling under water. It ___44___as a regular hme meet. Xavier had just cmpleted his relay. As he was resting, he suddenly nticed a by in an adjining lane was___45___. “I heard peple screaming, and I see him underneath.” Withut___46___, Xavier dived back int the pl and pulled the by ut t safety. ___47___, the by started breathing n his wn.
His___48___actins gt the attentin f Representative Jhn Mlenaar, wh___49___Xavier with a tribute (赞颂) in the Cngressinal Recrd.
At lunchtime, Xavier learned the cngressman was cming t meet him. Mlenaar wanted t ___50___him with a recgnitin that wuld be kept in the Library f Cngress.
“We heard the stry abut what he had dne. The mre I learned abut it, the mre I thught we really wanted t praise what he did,” the Cngressman tld CNN.
“Usually, yu heard bad utcmes and ___51___situatins,” Mlenaar said. “This was such a pwerful ____52____f ne student helping anther____53____the tw bys were cmpetitrs.”
____54____, Xavier’s mther, Jillian Staubs, said she was nt____55____.
She arrived at the meet five minutes after the rescue happened. Smething in her mind tld her that her sn was smehw ____56____.
Staubs said she tries t raise her children like what her grandmther did. And Xavier perfrming such a ____57____act was smething she’s used t hearing abut.
Xavier is nt nly a great swimmer but als a dancer, band member and a straight-A student. And nw, a her.
43. A. classmateB. cmpetitrC. vlunteerD. stranger
44. A. tk ffB. put ffC. mved ffD. started ff
45. A. perfrmingB. cmpetingC. drwningD. training
46. A. dubtB. admissinC. preparatinD. hesitatin
47. A. UnluckilyB. FrtunatelyC. SadlyD. Hnestly
48. A. inspiringB. mvingC. hericD. mdest
49. A. bservedB. respectedC. encuragedD. recgnized
50. A. presentB. reactC. deserveD. judge
51. A. amusingB. upsetC. pleasantD. surprising
52. A. exampleB. incidentC. reliefD. event
53. A. as frB. as thughC. even thughD. nw that
54. A. TherefreB. OtherwiseC. BesidesD. Hwever
55. A. pleasedB. surprisedC. delightedD. puzzled
56. A. invlvedB. threatenedC. influencedD. endangered
57. A. determinedB. generusC. selflessD. devted
(2)
When my sister Diane began playing the vilin, she was seven. Hw did she sund? Terrible. But she didn’t ____58____. At twelve, she asked ur parents if she culd attend a full time music schl. They said n. Actually, everyne agreed that my sister ____59____ talent.
I was better at my ____60____ . My teacher had tld my parents that I had great ____61____ . S my parents fund the best pian teacher in the area t ___62___ me. But the nly time he was ____63____ was Saturday afternns at 3 pm. Back then, I was crazy abut the British TV shw The Avengers, which was ___64___ every Saturday at 3 pm. I let nthing take up my Avengers hur. S I ____65____ this amazing pprtunity. Tday, I dn’t even have a pian in my huse.
My sister became an engineer, but she ____66____ stpped making music. When she was in her frties, she switched _____67_____ . She went back t cllege, gt a _____68_____ in music educatin, and became a music teacher. She starts kids ff n their first instrument and gives them all the encuragement and supprt she never _____69_____ .
Recently, she and a pianist pal put n a recital. A big crwd f friends and family _____70_____ fr her. As she played, I lked arund at the audience. Everyne was _____71_____ enjying the music. It ccurred t me that I was the nly persn wh remembered that 7 year ld kid making thse perfectly _____72_____ sunds and knew hw far she had cme, despite everything.
Talent is imprtant. But enthusiasm is even mre imprtant.
58. A. admitB. advanceC. quitD. imprve
59. A. admiredB. lackedC. hadD. enriched
60. A. majrB. prjectC. cmpsitinD. instrument
61. A. ambitinB. patienceC. enthusiasmD. ptential
62. A. examineB. trainC. crrectD. challenge
63. A. availableB. punctualC. crazyD. particular
64. A. airedB. filmedC. designedD. cmmented
65. A. tk verB. picked utC. waited frD. turned dwn
66. A. alreadyB. evenC. neverD. nce
67. A. attitudesB. careersC. plansD. psitins
68. A. degreeB. chanceC. schlarshipD. spnsr
69. A. expectedB. prvidedC. imaginedD. received
70. A. paid ffB. shwed ffC. stayed upD. turned up
71. A. apprpriatelyB. anxiuslyC. bviuslyD. desperately
72. A. sweetB. awfulC. pwerfulD. unique
(3)
There nce was an rdinary street in the suburbs where n ne cared much fr their gardens. The lawns were vergrwn, the weeds were _____73_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed t be cut back. It lked very _____74_____. But when the neighbrs saw their _____75_____, they just lked at each ther and laughed.
It seemed t hard t _____76_____ all the gardens and n ne culd be bthered t make them better because everyne's garden was _____77_____ terrible. N ne felt it was urgent t _____78_____ anything. Then a gardener named Bill mved in. Bill was a _____79_____, hard-wrking and patient man wh started wrking in the garden as sn as he _____80_____ in the street. He tk his lawn mwer (割草机) ut t cut back the grass and pulled ut all f the weeds. Finally, he tk up his gardening and started _____81_____ his hedges, making them lk like flwers, plants, stnes, balls, etc.
Attracted by the ______82______, the neighbrs walked by and admired the newly manicured (修整的) garden. Over sme time, smething interesting happened. One by ne, the neighbrs started t put in mre ______83______ in their wn gardens and the sunds f lawn mwers culd be heard again. After a few mnths, the street was ______84______ frm a dirty, unappealing cllectin f huses t a beautiful avenue that wuldn't be ut f place in a stylish magazine.
One persn's actin shwed everyne what culd be achieved with a little ______85______ wrk. It's easy fr us t ______86______ the envirnment arund us because n ne else cares abut it. Remember what yu psitively d nt nly ______87______ yurself, but als results in a change t the whle wrld.
73. A. taking verB. dying utC. givingD. falling ff
74. A. tidyB. delicateC. familiarD. awful
75. A. gardensB. drsC. rfsD. farms
76. A. purchaseB. guardC. clearD. build
77. A. scarcelyB. invisiblyC. slightlyD. equally
78. A. keepB. changeC. reachD. defeat
79. A. prudB. casualC. neatD. selfless
80. A. settledB. steppedC. perfrmedD. std
81. A. plantingB. pickingC. wateringD. shaping
82. A. ffice clerkB. fashin designerC. landscape gardenerD. street cleaner
83. A. furnitureB. staffC. effrtD. heat
84. A. transfrmedB. mvedC. enlargedD. passed
85. A. mentalB. hardC. crprateD. ptinal
86. A. bserveB. mindC. verlkD. pllute
87. A. trapsB. benefitsC. defendsD. admires
第四部分 语篇填空(每题 1.5 分，共 30 分)
(1)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
April 24th marked the 50th anniversary f Earth Day, the creatin f ___88___ is cnsidered as the beginning f the mdern envirnmental mvement by the ___89___ (majr) f peple.
Many peple cntinue t stay at hme during the recent mnths. As a result, peple are making less pllutin, and the air has becme ___90___ (clean).
Smg stpped ___91___ (cver) New Delhi, ne f the wrld’s mst ___92___ ( pllute) cities. Nitrgen dixide pllutin in___93___ nrtheastern f the United States ___94___ (drp) by 30 percent up till nw. Stars seem mre visible at night.
Researchers have been bserving sharp drps in traditinal air pllutants (污染物), such as nitrgen dixide, smg and tiny particles. These kinds f pllutants kill up t 7 millin peple a year wrldwide.
“Human activity usually makes it difficult fr sea turtles ___95___ (leave) their eggs n sandy castlines. Nesting turtles need t be undisturbed. After they cme ut f their eggs, baby turtles might have difficulty finding their way t the water because f bright lights. But ___96___ the lights mstly ff and peple staying at hme, the sea turtle nesting ____97____ (seem) much better at present,” Gdfrey said.
“There’s still a hpe left fr wildlife,” Gdfrey said.
(2)
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Our grandparents seems t have magic pwers smetimes. Give them a Chinese lunar calendar___98___they will knw what the weather will be like days r even mnths later.
What's the secret? They are fllwing the 24 Slar Terms (节气) ___99___were added n Nv. 30 t the list f Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity (人类非物资文化遗产) by the United Natins (UN). It is a knwledge system and scial practice___100___(frm) thrugh peple's bservatins f the sun's annual mvements and its influence n the climate.
The 24 Slar Terms___101___(cme) int being during the Qin and Han___102___ (dynasty). At that time, mst Chinese peple made their living n farms, s weather changes were___103___(extreme) imprtant fr them. But f curse, they had n satellite, internet r weather bradcast___104___(help) them.___105___these difficulties, they managed t wrk ut 24 Slar Terms by studying the sun's mvement and als___106___(pay) attentin t ther natural changes such as air temperature, water and crp grwth.
It is hnred as China's____107____(five) great inventin after papermaking, printing, the cmpass and gunpwder. Nw, it is still widely used in daily life even in the age f technlgy-based mdern farming.