七年级英语暑期衔接讲义-冠词和数词

这是一份七年级英语暑期衔接讲义-冠词和数词，共12页。学案主要包含了小学冠词考点聚焦，初中冠词考点聚焦，小学数词考点聚焦，初中数词考点聚焦，例题精讲，巩固练习，知识梳理4等内容，欢迎下载使用。

【小学冠词考点聚焦】
1.选词填空，无需填词处用“/”表示。
a an the /
(1)I have range. It's big range.
(2) Great Wall is lngest wall all ver the wrld. It's in China.
(3)This is ld bk. But it is useful bk.
(4)I like playing pian. But my brther likes playing ftball.
(5)I usually have dinner at 6: 30 p. m. Then I g fr walk with my parents.
(6)What interesting stry it is!
(7) children are very happy n Children's Day.
2.用适当的冠词补全短文，不需要用冠词的地方画“/”。
Welcme t my huse. This is my bedrm. There is (1) big bed in my(2) bedrm.(3) table is near(4) bed.On(5) desk, there is(6) cmputer,(7)
bk and(8) eraser.There is(9) umbrella behind(10) dr.In
frnt f(12) dr, there is (13) basketball. I ften play
(14) basketball n(15) weekend.
D yu like my bedrm? What's yur(16) bedrm like?
【初中冠词考点聚焦】
考点清单
考点一 不定冠词a/an的用法
1.不定冠词a/an的基本用法
2.不定冠词a,an的区别
注意:①判断一个词前用a还是an,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。我们可以这样记忆:不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音。
②在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有:a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,,r,s,x,其他用a。
③要注意区别以“u”开头的单词:当“u”发/ʌ/音时前用an,如:an umbrella,an unusual stry,an unhappy by;当“u”发/juː/音时前用a,如:a university,a useful bk。
3.含有a的常见固定词组:
a few/little/bit一点儿;have a swim/walk/talk/lk/dance/drink/rest游泳/散步/谈话/看一看/跳舞/喝点东西/休息;have a cld感冒;have a gd time玩得高兴;
小学要求
1.不定冠词a与an
2.定冠词the
初中要求
1.不定冠词a与an的用法；
2.定冠词the的用法；
3.“零”冠词的用法。
用法
示例
在叙述时用于第一次提到的人或物前
This is a bk.
指人或事物的某一类别,以区别于其他种类
A plane is a machine that can fly.
泛指某人或某物
A yung man is waiting fr yu.
用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等
There’ll be a strng wind in Suth China.
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前
a knife and frk
“a+序数词”表示“又一,再一”
The cake is delicius and I wuld like a secnd ne.
用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,有“每一”的意思,相当于every
five lessns a week
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前
a teacher,a gd student
an用在以元音音素开头的单词前
an apple tree,an interesting stry
一、选择填空
1. Mum lked sadly at Mcdull because he gt ________ “H” in spelling.
A. aB. theC. an D. /
2. Terry lves drawing and expects t be ________ artist when he grws up.
A. theB. aC. anD. /
3. There is ________ “u” in the wrd “university”.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
4. This is ________ useful bk and I want t buy it frm the bkshp.
A. aB. anC. /D. the
5.Kitty smetimes eats range r sme grapes after lunch.
A.an B.a C.the D./
5.—Yuan Lngping was great scientist.
—S he was. He made great cntributins t human beings.
A.a B.an C.the
6.Leap is film n the Chinese wmen’s natinal vlleyball team. film is directed( 导演）by Peter H-sun Chan.
A.a;A B.a;The C.the;The D.the;A
7.—I’m thirsty,Mm.
—Here is bttle f water fr yu.
A.a B.an C.the D./
考点二 定冠词the的用法
1.定冠词the的基本用法
口诀助记:
特指双熟悉,上文已提及,世上独无二,序数最高级,普通专有名,习语及乐器。
定冠词可用于某些固定短语中：
all the same仍然； all the time一直； at the mment此刻；
at the same time同时； by the way顺便说；
d the shpping/washing买东西/洗衣服；
in the mrning/afternn/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；
in the pen air 在户外，在野外
3.定冠词和不定冠词易混点
①单数名词前加定冠词、不定冠词,复数名词前不加冠词都可以表示“一类”
马是一种有用的动物。
==
②序数词前用定冠词与不定冠词的区别
“the+序数词”表示“第几……”;“a+序数词(first除外)”表示“又一,再一”。
Give me a secnd chance,OK?再给我一次机会,好吗?
③a number f,the number f
a number f意思是“一些”;the number f意思是“……的数目,……的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
A number f students like playing cmputer games.一些学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。
The number f the students is abut 1,500 in ur schl.我们学校学生数目大约是1,500。
选择填空
1.This is stry f friendship. Let’s read stry tgether.
A.a;an B.an;theC.an;a D.a;the
2.—Amy, d yu knw Lang Lang and his wife?
—Of curse. They play pian well.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
3. Jane is ging t ___________ mvies with her parents this weekend.
A. a B. anC. theD. /
4.The scientists frm _____ United States live in ______ Ninth Street.
A. the, the B. /, the C. /, / D. the, /
5. Sme f the students in my class like t play ______ pian in their free time.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
考点三 零冠词的用法
1.下列情况用零冠词
2.在某些固定词组和习惯用语中用零冠词。如:
(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus乘公共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车；by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船，但take a bus，in a bat，n the bike前需用冠词
(2)名词词组：day and night日日夜夜；brther and sister兄弟姐妹;hur after hur时时刻刻；here and there到处
(3)介词词组：at hme在家；in surprise惊奇地；at nn在中午;n ft步行；at night在晚上；n duty值日；at wrk在工作；n time准时；fr example例如；in class在上课；n shw展览；in bed在床上
(4)g短语：g hme回家；g t bed上床睡觉；g t schl去上学；g t wrk去上班；g shpping/swimming/bating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼
一、单项选择：
1. --May I pen bag, sir? --Of curse, but it's full f ____dirty clthes.
A. the, / B. the, the C. /, / D. a, /
2. _____ family ften eat supper tgether.
A. /, / B. The, the C. The, / D. A, a
3. mice are ften fund in ______dirty huses.
A. The, the B. The, / C. /, any f D. /, /
4. As there is n bridge ver the river, peple have t crss it _______.
A. in bat B. n the bat C. by a bat D. by bat
5. Sam sld _______ pictures every day, and all _______ pictures in his shp were cheap.
A. /, the B. /, / C. the, / D. the, the
二、在下列词或词组前填入适当的冠词，如果不填写划/。
1. ____ useful bk 2. _____ Beijing
3. _____ Class 12 Grade 3 4. have ____ lunch
5. have ____ big lunch 6. in ____ mrning
7. n ____ cld mrning 8.______ Mr Li
9. ______ umbrella 10. _____ hur
11. ____ Furth Street 12. play _____ chess
13.play _____ glf 14.at ______hme
数词（小初考点差异及衔接）
【小学数词考点聚焦】
一、单项选择。
( )1. My hme is abut ___________away frm the schl.
A. ninety metre B. ninety metres C. ninety metre D. ninty metres
( )2. This is her __________birthday.
A. twenty B. twentieth C. the twentieth D. the twenty’s
( )3. The bk cst(花费) me _________ yuan.
A. furty-five B. frty five C. frty-five D. furty five
( )4. --What day is it tday? -- ___________
A. June B. Tuesday C. It is ht D. It’s Nvember 13th
( )5. --What’s the date tday? -- ___________.
A. It’s Saturday B. It’s July C. It’s fine D. It’s July 15th
( )6. There are mnths in a year. December is the mnth f a year.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelfth; twelve
C. twelfth; twelfth D. twelve; twelfth
( )7. Mrs. Green’s ______ sn is in Japan nw.
A. tw B. secnd C. 2th D. the secnd
二、根据句意，从括号里选择正确的单词填空完成句子。
1.--Hw many apples are there? --There’re ________(furth, fur).
2. There are_______( twelve, twelfth) mnths a year.
3.--What date is it tday? --It’s the ______( six, sixth)f January.
4. There are _____ (frty, furty, furteen)students in ur class. That is 19 bys and 21 girls.
【初中数词考点聚焦】
考点清单
一、基数词
例：ne, tw, three, fur… 像这样表示数目数字的词叫基数词。
1、基数词的写法：
(1) 1~12： ne, tw, three, fur, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
(2) 13~19：以-teen为结尾：thirteen, furteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
(3) 20~90: 以-ty结尾：twenty, thirty, frty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
(4) 21~99: 十位与个位之间要加连字符“—”: twenty-ne, sixty-five, ninety-nine
基数词的读法：
基本掌握：
百：hundred；千：thusand；百万：millin；十亿：billin
这些单词后面不加s，除非特殊情况，成百上千hundreds f，成千上万thusands f，上百万的
millins f，在英式英语中，一个数的最后两位(十位和个位)得用“and”，但美式英语中则不用。
二、序数词
例：first, secnd, third… 像这样表示顺序次第的词叫序数词。
序数词的写法：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①序数词一般是以与之相适应的基数词加词尾th构成，如：seventh, tenth…
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②特殊的变化：ne (first), tw (secnd), three (third), five (fifth), eight (eighth), nine (ninth), twelve (twelfth)
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③以-ty结尾的词，要先变y为i ,再加eth, 如：twenty (twentieth), frty (frtieth).
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④以ne, tw, three, fur, five, six, seven, eight, nine收尾的多位数词，要按照第一条变法变。如：twenty-ne (twenty-first), thirty-tw(thirty-secnd), frty-five (frty-fifth)
基数词变序数词口诀：
一二三，自己记，（词尾分别tdd）
五和十二f替ve，
八省t，九去e，
遇到y变ie，再加th，
若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以，其他全部加th。
2、序数词表示日期
2001年6月30日 译为June 30, 2001/ June 30th, 2001/the thirtieth f June,2001
【例题精讲】
例1. -- When’s yur birthday? -- It’s n the ________ （3日） f December.
例2. -- What______ is it tday? -- It’s the secnd f January.
A. date B. day C. clur D. time
【巩固练习】
用所给词的适当形式填空：
1. We still need (nine) mre chairs fr the meeting rm.
2. Eric, the (five) sn f the family, has a special interest in physics.
【知识梳理4】数词的某些用法
1、表示计量：表示事物的计量，即事物的长度、宽度、深度和高度，应采用基数词。
如：It is 50 metres/kilmeters/miles lng (wide, deep, high). 它有50米/千米/英里长（宽、深、高）。
2、表示编号：
The tenth lessn=Lessn Ten 第10课
Rm 405 第405号房
Page 215 第215页
N.14 Middle Schl 第14中学
Telephne NO.5855806 电话：5855806
表示不确切的数字：基数词后面直接加上复数名词表示精确的数字，而基数词复数形式加上“f” 表示确切的数字。
如：
five hundred students 500名学生
tw thusand peple 2000人
hundreds f students 几百名学生
millins f wrkers 数百万的工人
表示年龄的主要句式如下
如：He is a by f 10 years ld.
He is 10 years ld.
At the age f ten, he began t learn English.
复习：at用于：时刻，三餐，年龄，节日（无day）
in用于某年，某月，某季节
n用于具体某一天，如：
n Sunday mrning, n a cld mrning, n the mrning f September 25th
n Sunday, n the first f June等。
【例题精讲】
例1. Lingling is in __________.
A. Class Fur, Grade Six B. Grade six, Class Fur
C. Class fur, grade six D. Grade 6, Class 4
例2. We are learning ___________ nw.
A. the twenty-first lessn B. Lessn Twenty-first
C. the 21th lessn D. Lessn 21st
例3. I get up abut seven fifty-five.
A. in B. n C. at D. fr
【巩固练习】
1. We will be glad t celebrate ur mtherland, China's birthday n Octber 1st, 2009. (sixty)
2. 用past或 t的句型。
(1) What time is it? (8:30) It’s ___________________________.
(2) What is it? (9:15) It’s ___________________________.
(3) What time is it? (7:45) It’s ___________________________.
冠词
1．( )It's a fine day. We can see ____ sun in the sky.
A.a B.an C.the
2．( )Let's make ____ English newspaper!
A.a B.an C.many
3．( )We're ging t have ____ picnic.
A./ B.a C.an
4 . ( )Let's make ____ snwman.
A.a B.an C.the
5．( )Hw d they get t ____ frm Canada?
A.an USA B.the USA C.a USA
6．( )Wang Hai can play ____ basketball but he can't play ____ pian.
A.the; the B.a; the C./; the
7．( )I'd like t buy ____ English-Chinese dictinary.
A.a B.an C.t
8．( )There ____ apple, tw ranges and a pear n the table ne hur ag.
A.was an B.were sme C.was a
数词
1．( )There are ____ minutes in an hur.
A.ten B.thirty C.sixty
2．( )There are ____ bks, and the ____ is ____.
A.five; fifth; my B.fifth; five; mine C.five; fifth; mine
3．( )The library is n the ____ flr.
A.ne B.tw C.secnd
4．( )It's Ben's ____ trip t Beijing.
A.ne B.a C.the ne D.first
5．( )The ____ mnth f a year is January.
A.secnd B.first C.third
用法
示例
表示双方都知道的人或事物
Give me the bk,please.
特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物
D yu knw the girl in red?
表示世界上独一无二的事物
The mn mves arund the earth.
用在序数词、形容词最高级前面以及对两个人或事物进行比较时的比较级前
The first lessn is very easy.
He is the yunger f the tw bys.
用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩
The Greens are watching TV nw.
用在单数可数名词前表一类人或事物
The range is range.
与某些形容词连用表一类人
We shuld help the ld.
用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前
the Great Wall,the Summer Palace
用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前
I like playing the pian.
不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时
Animals can’t live withut water.
Hrses are helpful animals.
某些专有名词(如人名、地名、国家名等)、物质名词和抽象名词表示泛指时
China is a great cuntry.
Mary lives in New Yrk.
Paper is made frm wd.
名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时
Every student likes English in ur class.
在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前
This is Prfessr Li.
在三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前
I went t schl withut breakfast this mrning.
He ften plays ftball after schl.
由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词前
Nanjing Rad
Hainan Island
与by连用的交通工具名称前
by car,by train
在节假日名称前
New Year’s Day,Wmen’s Day
小学要求
1.基数词：表示数目的多少
2.序数词：表示顺序先后
初中要求
1.基数词的读写和应用；
2.序数词的读写和应用。
3.分数、小数、百分数及其他用法